The document summarizes research that assessed the hierarchical structure of online channel use by American travelers for trip planning. The study identified four groups of online trip planners based on the number of channels used: 1) Core Travel Search, 2) Enhanced Travel Search, 3) Travel Focused Search, and 4) Comprehensive Search. It found significant differences between the groups in demographics, information searching behaviors, online purchasing behaviors, and spending. The results indicate there is a progression of sophistication in online travel planning as travelers incorporate more channels into their activities.
Politics, Social Media and E campaigning in Africa South Africa Nigeria Famil...ijtsrd
Social media in today’s world of electioneering in Africa has gained popularity not mainly as an efficient medium of articulating and propagating manifestos but more for political grandstanding. This study sought to theorize about the utilitarian value of social media use in Africa’s e campaigning by examining its application in the 2019 Presidential Elections in South Africa and Nigeria. The study’s theoretical framework is based on key research works on e electioneering and perception of social media e campaign messaging. It employed the narrative technique to describe interview data and also presenting the same in quantitative content analysis format. Data were gathered from interviews with post graduate candidates in politics departments in the understudied countries to gauge the perception of the functional value of social media campaign sloganeering. The study finds that social media served a more optimal value from a moralistic perspective in the 2019 electioneering in South Africa than Nigeria. It notes that this finding derives from a more prevalent political culture of civility and a better functional public order to punish misuse of social media which prevailed in South Africa than Nigeria. Ikemefuna Taire Paul Okudolo "Politics, Social Media and E-campaigning in Africa: South Africa-Nigeria Familiarities during Their 2019 Presidential Elections" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33695.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/33695/politics-social-media-and-ecampaigning-in-africa-south-africanigeria-familiarities-during-their-2019-presidential-elections/ikemefuna-taire-paul-okudolo
Influence of internet and social media on citizens’ political choicesPawel Kuczma
Presentation by Pawel Kuczma, Institute of Journalism, University of Warsaw presented at General Online Research Conference - GOR 14, 5-7 March 2014Cologne University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Politics, Social Media and E campaigning in Africa South Africa Nigeria Famil...ijtsrd
Social media in today’s world of electioneering in Africa has gained popularity not mainly as an efficient medium of articulating and propagating manifestos but more for political grandstanding. This study sought to theorize about the utilitarian value of social media use in Africa’s e campaigning by examining its application in the 2019 Presidential Elections in South Africa and Nigeria. The study’s theoretical framework is based on key research works on e electioneering and perception of social media e campaign messaging. It employed the narrative technique to describe interview data and also presenting the same in quantitative content analysis format. Data were gathered from interviews with post graduate candidates in politics departments in the understudied countries to gauge the perception of the functional value of social media campaign sloganeering. The study finds that social media served a more optimal value from a moralistic perspective in the 2019 electioneering in South Africa than Nigeria. It notes that this finding derives from a more prevalent political culture of civility and a better functional public order to punish misuse of social media which prevailed in South Africa than Nigeria. Ikemefuna Taire Paul Okudolo "Politics, Social Media and E-campaigning in Africa: South Africa-Nigeria Familiarities during Their 2019 Presidential Elections" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33695.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/33695/politics-social-media-and-ecampaigning-in-africa-south-africanigeria-familiarities-during-their-2019-presidential-elections/ikemefuna-taire-paul-okudolo
Influence of internet and social media on citizens’ political choicesPawel Kuczma
Presentation by Pawel Kuczma, Institute of Journalism, University of Warsaw presented at General Online Research Conference - GOR 14, 5-7 March 2014Cologne University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Libraries, telecenters, and cybercafés play a critical role in extending the benefits of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to a diverse range of people worldwide. However, their ability to contribute to development agendas has come into question in recent times. The Global Impact Study was designed to address this debate by generating evidence about the scale, character, and impacts of public access ICTs in eight countries: Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil, Chile, Ghana, Lithuania, the Philippines, and South Africa. This PowerPoint slidedeck provides an overview of the Global Impact Study, research design and methodology, and the study's key findings. The results show that a central impact of public access is the promotion of digital inclusion through technology access, information access, and development of ICT skills. Both users and non-users report positive impacts in various social and economic areas of their lives. This PowerPoint is available for others to use, adapt, and remix through a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license.
Online-Research: International Similarities and National Differences - PolandPawel Kuczma
Presentation by Pawel Kuczma, Institute of Journalism, University of Warsaw presented at the 'Research in Europe - Similarities and Differences' panel on General Online Research 2012, March 5-7 2012, Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University Mannheim
https://www.gor.de/gor12/index.php?page=browseSessions&print=head&form_session=21
Damásio et al, 'Mobile Devices as drivers of Social Capital' at Communities i...Agnes Gulyas
Manuel José Damásio, Patrícia Dias, Sara Henriques and Inês Teixeira-Botelho, CICANT and Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Portugal, ‘Mobile Devices as drivers of Social Capital: How can apps’ change communication dynamics within a community’ presented at 'Communities in the Digital Age' International Symposium, Canterbury Christ Church University, UK, 12 June 2013
This paper examines the communicational strategies used by Romanian politicians on Facebook in order to mobilize voters during the 2012 parliamentary elections and the 2014 euro-parliamentary campaign.
Slides for presentation given at Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) in Ottawa as part of the "Research Matters" series on Sep 25. Joint work with Emilio Zagheni, Kiran Garimella, Joao Palotti and others. See https://ingmarweber.de/publications/ for publications and citation information. The trip to Ottawa is supported in part by ACM's Distinguished Speakers Program (https://speakers.acm.org/speakers/weber_7123).
this is my most recent work. this slide was used in my proposal defence, the doctors need bullets on the slides, that's why there are too many words in it. however, i have use animation, color changing and underline to show the key point (you can see it only after you download it).
How media consumption habits are changing.CatchTalk.TV
Full video here: http://www.catchtalk.tv/events/digitalmediastrategies?video=how-media-consumption-habits-are-changing-douglas-mccabe-ceo-enders-analysis
Douglas leads the publishing and transformation practice at Enders Analysis. An opinion leader on print and online media, he reports on media substitution, and consults on digital commercial strategies for content and service businesses. He is a former director of Fish4, the online advertising portal, and before that he led sales development and market intelligence at Waterstones/HMV.
Digital Trace Data for Demographic ResearchIngmar Weber
Lecture given as part of the BIGSSS 2019 summer school on migration (https://bigsss-css.jacobs-university.de/migration2019/migration/). See https://ingmarweber.de/publications/ for related publications. Mostly joint work with Emilio Zagheni.
Libraries, telecenters, and cybercafés play a critical role in extending the benefits of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to a diverse range of people worldwide. However, their ability to contribute to development agendas has come into question in recent times. The Global Impact Study was designed to address this debate by generating evidence about the scale, character, and impacts of public access ICTs in eight countries: Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil, Chile, Ghana, Lithuania, the Philippines, and South Africa. This PowerPoint slidedeck provides an overview of the Global Impact Study, research design and methodology, and the study's key findings. The results show that a central impact of public access is the promotion of digital inclusion through technology access, information access, and development of ICT skills. Both users and non-users report positive impacts in various social and economic areas of their lives. This PowerPoint is available for others to use, adapt, and remix through a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license.
Online-Research: International Similarities and National Differences - PolandPawel Kuczma
Presentation by Pawel Kuczma, Institute of Journalism, University of Warsaw presented at the 'Research in Europe - Similarities and Differences' panel on General Online Research 2012, March 5-7 2012, Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University Mannheim
https://www.gor.de/gor12/index.php?page=browseSessions&print=head&form_session=21
Damásio et al, 'Mobile Devices as drivers of Social Capital' at Communities i...Agnes Gulyas
Manuel José Damásio, Patrícia Dias, Sara Henriques and Inês Teixeira-Botelho, CICANT and Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Portugal, ‘Mobile Devices as drivers of Social Capital: How can apps’ change communication dynamics within a community’ presented at 'Communities in the Digital Age' International Symposium, Canterbury Christ Church University, UK, 12 June 2013
This paper examines the communicational strategies used by Romanian politicians on Facebook in order to mobilize voters during the 2012 parliamentary elections and the 2014 euro-parliamentary campaign.
Slides for presentation given at Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) in Ottawa as part of the "Research Matters" series on Sep 25. Joint work with Emilio Zagheni, Kiran Garimella, Joao Palotti and others. See https://ingmarweber.de/publications/ for publications and citation information. The trip to Ottawa is supported in part by ACM's Distinguished Speakers Program (https://speakers.acm.org/speakers/weber_7123).
this is my most recent work. this slide was used in my proposal defence, the doctors need bullets on the slides, that's why there are too many words in it. however, i have use animation, color changing and underline to show the key point (you can see it only after you download it).
How media consumption habits are changing.CatchTalk.TV
Full video here: http://www.catchtalk.tv/events/digitalmediastrategies?video=how-media-consumption-habits-are-changing-douglas-mccabe-ceo-enders-analysis
Douglas leads the publishing and transformation practice at Enders Analysis. An opinion leader on print and online media, he reports on media substitution, and consults on digital commercial strategies for content and service businesses. He is a former director of Fish4, the online advertising portal, and before that he led sales development and market intelligence at Waterstones/HMV.
Digital Trace Data for Demographic ResearchIngmar Weber
Lecture given as part of the BIGSSS 2019 summer school on migration (https://bigsss-css.jacobs-university.de/migration2019/migration/). See https://ingmarweber.de/publications/ for related publications. Mostly joint work with Emilio Zagheni.
Presentation on how to start, and how to fine-tune digital marketing. Start by understanding the digimarketing mindset...everything else follows from that.
Presentation done by Marta Sabou, Adrian M.P. Brașoveanu, & Irem Önder, during "Intelligence & analytics" workshop, of the ENTER2015 eTourism conference.
Presentation done by Heejeong Han, Namho Chung, Chulmo Koo and Kyoung Jun Lee, during "Near field communication" workshop, of the ENTER2015 eTourism conference.
Presentation done by Fidel Rebón, Gloria Ocáriz, Jon Argandoña, Jon Kepa Gerrikagoitia and Aurkene Alzua-Sorzabal, during "Intelligence & analytics" workshop, of the ENTER2015 eTourism conference.
THE IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH ON TOURISTS’ INTENTION OF DESTINATION ...Pubudu Weerasinghe
Electronic Word of Mouth(E-WOM) has become a significant factor that that affect tourists’ decision making process in the selection and narrowing down of travel destination choices. With the development of Information Technology infrastructure in Sri Lanka, there is an increasing trend for the adoption of E-WOM among local tourists. Therefore, objective of this research is to identify the effect of E-WOM on local tourists’ travel decisions.
2015 Transportation Research Forum Webinar - Enabling Better Mobility Through...Sean Barbeau
A webinar discussing research conducted by the Center for Urban Transportation Research at the University of South Florida that focuses on using mobile apps to improve mobility on various modes of transportation.
O Centro de Excelência em BRT Across Latitudes and Cultures (ALC-BRT CoE) promoveu o Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Workshop: Experiences and Challenges (Workshop BRT: Experiências e Desafios) dia 12/07/2013, no Rio de Janeiro. O curso foi organizado pela EMBARQ Brasil, com patrocínio da Fetranspor e da VREF (Volvo Research and Education Foundations).
December 2014 nhs choices satisfaction surveyNHSChoices
Results of the December 2014/January 2015 NHS Choices satisfaction survey. This includes details of:
Reasons for visiting the site
Whether people found what they were looking for and what was missing
Satisfaction and advocacy and suggested improvements
Understanding Cross-site Linking in Online Social Networksyeung2000
Online social networks (OSNs) have attracted billions of users, and play an important role in people's daily life. A user often has accounts on multiple OSN sites. In this paper, we study the emerging "cross-site linking" function, which is supported by many OSNs. Our study is based on Foursquare, a representative location-based social networking (LBSN) service. We conduct a data-driven analysis by using crawled public profiles of almost all (if not all) Foursquare users. Our analysis has shown that the cross-site linking function is widely adopted by Foursquare users, and the users who have enabled this function are more active than other users. We have also found that users who are more concerned with online privacy have a lower probability to enable the cross-site linking function. Besides analyzing crawled Foursquare user profiles, we further explore cross-site linking between Foursquare and other OSN sites, i.e., Facebook and Twitter. The study on "Foursquare-Facebook" linking indicates that users have a high probability to provide consistent information to different OSNs. Meanwhile, "Foursquare-Twitter" linking is used to demonstrate the usefulness of aggregating user-generated content across multiple OSN sites. We present a gender-based analysis of Twitter, which is made accurate by leveraging cross-site links between Foursquare and Twitter.
Tài liệu nghiên cứu này sẽ giúp bạn hiểu rõ hơn về xu hướng sử dụng Internet ở Việt Nam cũng như những hoạt động của người tiêu dùng khi sử dụng các công cụ tìm kiếm và sử dụng mạng Internet.
Google Vietnam digital profiling report 7/2012Anh Pham Duy
Google Vietnam digital profiling report 7/2012
1 Background & Methodology
2 Internet users at a glance
3 Cross-media consumption behaviour
4 The role of the internet when shopping
5 Search and the research process
6 Advertising and the research process
7 Summary
8 Appendix
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...
Assessing Structure of Online Channel Use By American Travelers
1. Assessing structure of online channel use
By American travelers
Yeongbae Choe
Daniel R. Fesenmaier
National Laboratory of Tourism & eCommerce
School of Tourism and Hospitality Management
Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
ENTER 2014 Research Track
Slide Number 1
3. Introduction
• Consequently, a considerable amount of research have been
conducted to understand the use of Internet for trip planning.
– User characteristics, the impact, influencing factors, media repertoire etc.
– (e.g. Bieger & Laesser, 2004; Beritelli, Bieger, & Laesser, 2007; Gretzel, Hwang, &
Fesenmaier, 2012; Hsieh, & O’Leary, 1993; Hyde, 2007; Pan & Fesenmaier, 2006).
• However, relatively little of research has focused on the
hierarchical structure of online channel use for trip planning.
– Indeed, people only use a small number of information channels
based on their needs, a set of constraints and etc.
ENTER 2014 Research Track
Slide Number 3
5. Research Objectives
• The objective of this study
– to identify how online trip planners combine the various online channels for
their trip planning, especially focusing on their structural relationships
– to categorize online trip planners according by the use of online channel
– to examine any differences in demographic, information, and online
behaviors between respective groups
ENTER 2014 Research Track
Slide Number 5
6. Methodology
• A national-wide online survey was conducted from January 7-9, 2013
– Population: Americans who had travelled and used the Internet during the
calendar year 2012
• Data collected 1,043 usable samples (total 1,184 respondents)
– Only used someone who used the Internet and had taken a trip 50 miles or
more, one-way from home or that included an overnight stay
– Respondents were asked which of the 14 online channels they
used
• Analysis
– Guttman scaling procedure, Cross-tabulation, ANOVA
ENTER 2014 Research Track
Slide Number 6
7. Respondents Characteristics
Variable
Gender:
Male
Female
Age:
18 - 21 years
22 - 29 years
30 - 39 years
40 - 49 years
50 - 59 years
60 - 69 years
70 and above
Current employment:
Employed full-time
Employed part-time
Retired
Not employed
Percentage Variable
Annual household income:
49.0
Less than $20,000
51.0
$20,000 - $29,999
$30,000 - $39,999
4.6
$40,000 - $49,999
16.8
$50,000 - $74,999
20.8
$75,000 - $99,999
17.6
$100,000 - $149,999
19.8
$150,000 - $199,999
16.2
$200,000 or more
4.2
Highest education level:
Less than high school
49.2
Completed high school
14.8
Some college, not completed
16.2
Completed college
18.5
Post graduate work
ENTER 2014 Research Track
Percentage
7.2
8.6
10.7
11.1
22.6
17.1
12.8
4.6
2.0
0.9
11.9
29.3
37.4
20.1
Slide Number 7
8. Use of online channels
Online Channel
Frequency %
Online travel agency sites (Expedia.com, Travelocity.com, or Orbitz.com)
707
69.0
Company sites (airlines, hotels, rental cars or tour operators)
635
62.0
Search engines (Yahoo!, Google or Bing)
592
57.8
Destination sites (provided by a city, state or attraction)
412
40.2
Travel Search Engines (Kayak)
268
26.1
Travel review sites (IGOUGO, Yelp! or TripAdvisor)
193
18.8
Social networking sites (Myspace, Facebook or Pinterest)
167
16.3
General travel sites (offering free travel brochures about destinations)
166
16.2
Travel guidebook sites (Fodors, Frommers or Lonely Planet)
123
12.0
Photo or video sharing sites (YouTube, Instagram, or Flickr)
113
11.0
Newspaper or magazine sites (New York Times or Conde Nast Traveler)
107
10.4
Special interest and online community sites
94
9.2
Personal blogs
64
6.2
Micro blogs (Twitter or Tumblr)
39
3.8
ENTER 2014 Research Track
Slide Number 8
9. Structure of Online channel use
• Guttman Scaling
– The goal of the analysis is to derive a single dimension that can be used to
position both the questions and the subjects
– In this study, it is used to examine the cumulative structure of online
channel use during an online trip planning stage
• Procedure
–
–
–
–
1) construct a scalogram based on the number of online channel use
2) derive the ideal patterns and actual patterns from raw data
3) calculate the amount of error (differences between two patterns)
4) check the criteria (i.e. CR, MMR, and CS)
ENTER 2014 Research Track
Slide Number 9
10. Structure of Online channel use
Online travel agency sites
Company sites
Search engines
Destination sites
Travel Search Engines
Travel review sites
Social networking sites
Photo or video sharing sites
General travel sites
Newspaper or magazine sites
Travel guidebook sites
Special interest and online community
Personal blogs
Micro blogs
Number of responses
Number of online channel use
1
2
3
4
5
48
64
69
73
31
53
67
72
10
49
63
73
3
17
38
55
2
7
18
33
2
2
8
20
1
4
9
18
0
1
4
12
1
2
10
14
2
1
6
6
1
1
4
11
1
1
4
8
1
1
2
5
0
0
1
0
200 200 200 147
6
80
76
82
69
40
25
28
19
31
12
15
14
4
4
99
7
79
83
87
79
60
63
37
16
30
11
32
13
6
3
63
8+
92
82
88
78
66
52
34
20
58
32
38
28
20
12
50
Coefficient of reproducibility (CR) =0.89; Minimum marginal reproducibility (MMR) =0.67;
Percentage improvement=0.22; Coefficient of Scalability (CS) =0.67.
ENTER 2014 Research Track
Slide Number 10
95
91
97
89
82
77
62
70
65
74
70
53
50
38
66
11. Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Core
Travel
Search
Enhanced
Travel
Search
Travel
Focused
Search
Comprehensive
Search
ENTER 2014 Research Track
Slide Number 11
12. Differences in demographic char.
Core
Current employment:
Employed full-time
Employed part-time
Retired
Not employed
Education:
Less than high school
Completed high school
Some college, not completed
Completed college
Post graduate
Age Generation
Young (1990 ~ 1994)
Gen Y (1981 ~ 1989)
Gen X (1965 ~ 1980)
Baby Boomers (1946 ~ 1964)
Greatest (1924 ~ 1945)
Enhanced
43.8
14.3
19.0
21.3
.8
17.5
32.5
34.8
14.3
9.0
18.0
25.8
38.8
8.5
48.4
15.3
16.1
18.7
1.2
8.1
29.1
38.6
22.2
6.3
19.0
30.0
38.6
6.1
Travel
Focused
58.0
13.2
12.3
16.5
.9
9.9
23.1
37.7
28.3
5.2
21.7
29.2
40.1
3.8
Compre
hensive
60.6
21.2
12.1
6.1
3.0
28.8
45.5
22.7
9.1
30.3
36.4
19.7
4.5
X2
26.753**
45.158***
22.785*
Note: Age, Gender, and Household Income are not significantly different
ENTER 2014 Research Track
Slide Number 12
13. Differences in information searching
Core
Information Types
Hotel prices or places to stay
Info. about a particular destination
Airline fares and schedules/flight times
Things to do at the destination
Potential destinations to visit
Rental car prices and availability
Travel discount or promotion
Dining and entertainment
Maps and/or driving directions
Local event calendars at the destination
Travel packages for resorts, etc.
Stores or other places to shop
Cruises
Sites that distribute travel brochures
800 numbers
Number of information searched
Travel
Focused
Enhanced
Compre
hensive
Total
55.8
53.0abc
53.5abc
23.0abc
26.0abc
29.8abc
20.3abc
16.3abc
15.5abc
8.3abc
11.0abc
11.8abc
9.0abc
1.0abc
1.8bc
3.36abc
74.6
72.6ade
65.7de
53.3ade
48.4ade
38.0de
39.8ade
39.2ade
32.6ade
26.8ade
27.1ade
26.8ade
21.0ade
8.1ade
2.3de
5.76ade
85.4
87.3bd
74.1b
72.6bdf
70.3bd
57.1bdf
61.3bd
64.6bdf
50.5bd
46.2bdf
40.6bdf
38.2bdf
33.0bdf
20.8bdf
10.8bdf
8.13bdf
89.4
93.9ce
86.4ce
89.4cef
80.3ce
81.8cef
74.2ce
83.3cef
63.6ce
69.7cef
66.7cef
68.2cef
56.1cef
53.0cef
34.8cef
10.91cef
abc
ad
ENTER 2014 Research Track
bd
c
70.4
69.4
64.0
47.8
46.2
41.6
38.8
38.3
31.6
26.3
26.1
26.0
21.1
10.8
6.0
5.64
F-value
28.225***
37.965***
14.979***
83.027***
56.836***
32.677***
53.064***
83.087***
42.744***
69.903***
47.971***
45.099***
37.536***
75.503***
48.742***
253.078***
Slide Number 13
14. Differences in product purchasing
Core
Online Trip products purchases
Travel
Focused
Enhanced
Compre
hensive
Total
F-value
59.8abc
75.9a
77.0b
89.1c
70.8
13.722***
Airline tickets
68.2c
61.3de
78.0cd
89.1e
69.3
9.856***
Car Rental
35.3bc
40.9de
55.5bdf
79.7cef
44.4
19.811***
Tickets to attractions/events
22.6abc
44.9ade
60.5bdf
78.1cef
41.8
45.894***
Travel package
8.2abc
17.6ae
21.5bf
53.1cef
17.2
29.734***
Cruise Reservations
5.7bc
10.2e
13.5bf
40.6cef
11.2
24.394***
Sport activity reservations
1.9abc
8.7ae
13.0bf
34.4cef
8.7
28.688***
0.5c
2.5e
2.5f
21.9cef
3.0
31.149***
2.17abc
2.91ade
3.97bdf
6.70cef
3.10
137.979***
Pleasure trips
1737abc
2289ade
3193bdf
4272cef 2409
30.457***
Business trips
1803c
2353e
2543f
3721cef 2420
5.053**
Lodging accommodations
RV rental/purchase
Average number of purchased product
Average spending on trips
ENTER 2014 Research Track
Slide Number 14
16. Discussion
• Theoretical Contributions
– Identifies the use of information channels is uni-dimensional
– Travellers can be categorized into several groups based on the level of
media use
• Practical Implications
– DMOs and tourism suppliers could allocate their resources and turn their
attentions to highly profitable channel
– This study reveals ‘progression of sophistication’ in online travel planning
• There are important differences between those that use only one channel and those that
use, for example, five channels.
ENTER 2014 Research Track
Slide Number 16
17. Thank you for your attention
Questions and comments?
ENTER 2014 Research Track
Slide Number 17
18. What types of Websites have you used when you planned a trip over the past 12
months (January 1, 2013 - December 31, 2013)? (Please select all that apply)
Online travel agency sites such as Expedia.com, Travelocity.com, or Orbitz.com
Company sites such as airlines, hotels, rental cars or tour operators
Search engines such as Yahoo!, Google or Bing
Destination sites such as those provided by a city, state or attraction
General travel sites that specialize in offering free travel brochures about destinations
Travel guidebook sites such as Fodors, Frommers or Lonely Planet
Newspaper or magazine sites such as the New York Times or Conde Nast Traveler
Travel Search Engines such as Kayak
Travel review sites such as HoboTraveler, IGOUGO, Yelp! or TripAdvisor
Photo or video sharing sites such as YouTube, Instagram, or Flickr
Social networking sites such as Myspace, Facebook or Pinterest
Personal blogs
Special interest and online community sites
Microblogs such as Twitter or Tumblr
I do not know
None of the above
ENTER 2014 Research Track
Slide Number 18
Editor's Notes
SO… we all knew that Internet has transformed travelrs’ behaviors as well as the distribution of the information in many different ways.
For example, travelers search for the information during their trip using a mobile web or application.
Even, travelers obtained or shared their information through social media or online review sites.
At the same time, DMOs and travel companies also considered the Internet as a key component of their business because it connects the industry and markets.
Due to this significant importance of the Internet, a considerable amount of research has been conducted already. Especially to understand the use of the Internet for trip planning.
However, relatively little of research has focused on the structure of online channel use.
Because…. Indeed, people only use a small number of information channels based on their needs or a set of constraints.
Here is the example.
There are various types of internet websites. Such as searching portal, official destination sites, hotel websites, online review sites…
Let me ask a question.
How many websites do you use among these sites?
Our first argument was… that there should be a specific pattern.
The basic
relative degree to which actual response patterns match up with ideal patterns (a unidimensional pattern)
The numbers refer to the percentage of online trip planners in number of online channel use.