The document discusses the history and impact of the Enlightenment period in Europe between the 17th and 18th centuries. It began as an intellectual movement that stressed reason and freedom of thought over religious dogma. It spread new ideas of liberalism, individualism, and empiricism through salons, books, newspapers, and education. The Enlightenment led to social, political, and cultural changes like democracy and revolutions. However, it had limitations like ignoring emotions and later exploitation of workers. The document also discusses how Pakistan has not fully embraced Enlightenment ideals due to the dominance of religion in politics.

2. Enlightenment Of World
Prepared By
Muhammad Akhtar
Enrollment BBA ( 02 )

3. Definition
• The Enlightenment has been defined in many different ways, but at its
broadest was a philosophical, intellectual and cultural movement of
the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
• It stressed reason, logic, criticism, and freedom of thought over
dogma, blind faith, and superstition.

4. History
• It stared from 17th century and got peaked in 18th century.
• The enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the
18th century and then led to a whole new world view.
• Earlier in the 16th century the dominance of church was very high in
Europe and there was roman empire in Europe and their religious
heads were popes .
• Popes not only used to rule over religious but also political affairs .
• In that era people were financially suffered and churches had became
corrupt institutions. Preaches were exploiting the people over the name
of God.

6. History
• While in 17th and 18th century there was emergence of some
philosophers, thinkers.
• People got understand that they were being exploited on the name of
God.
• They begin a movement against preaches called intellectual
movement.
• And this enlightenment does not only came in one field but also in
political, social , cultural, economy and even in scientific field.

7. Reactions
• It was disliked by church preaches because they would never like to
lose their dominance.
• A movement against church preaches began known reformation
movement.
• Church preaches started a movement in their dominance defense as
Counter reformation movement.
• The era of 1618-1648 the period of 30 years was the era of war in
Europe .
• Also called 30st war it ended with vanishing of most dominance of
church preaches.

8. Beginning of Enlightenment era
• After the loss of dominance of church preaches, the era of new ideas
began called enlightenment era.
• the ideas of enlightenment are as follow.
• supremacy of nature
• liberalism
• individualism
• empiricism
• scientific nature mainly focused

10. Spread of enlightenment
• Firstly enlightenment came in Britain and Holland.
• it spread by salons (intellectual gatherings ).
• Books.
• news papers
• journals
• rulers
• Colonial rulers
• western education

11. Impact and significates of enlightenment
• people awaked
• changes in social, political, cultural spheres.
• New ideas came with scientific discoveries .
• industry revolution.
• people began to think every thing on logic basis.
• new reforms like democracy, rule of law introduced.
• freedom of speech
• where there enlightenment ideas were refused there revolution came like
America, Irish etc.
• It brought us in modern age.

12. Limitations of enlightenment age
• Female rights as compare to man were depressed.
• focused only on reason, logic torch and emotional touches were
completely ignored.
• after industrial era exploitation of workers and labors took place.
• middle class people got benefit.

13. Enlightenment age in Pakistan
• Pakistan was created on the basis of Islam where influence of religion
basis has always been in Pakistan.
• When people seek even to inquire, not challenge, about superstitions
or traditional beliefs they’re actually considered as sinful or infidel.
• but unfortunately or may be fortunately, inquiry along with the usage
of common sense is the very first step towards scientific explanations.
People are, then, killed when they dare to oppose traditions,
particularly the religious ones, which explains the zero tolerance level
for human reason and logic even in the 21st Century.

14. Current scenario in Pakistan
• the current political scenario, undoubtedly, is the pure imitation of
Machiavellian style of statecraft having deceit and fear with the sole
exception that Machiavelli advocated separation of religion and
politics.
• whereas our political system is deeply imbedded in the belief of
religion. Since its inception in 1947, Islam has been used as a tool to
achieve the selfish political ends.

15. Personal feed back
• Muslims must practice “ enlightenment moderation”.
• It’s the factor that has prevented Pakistan from achieving this state of
moderation.