The document discusses how the interactive whiteboard (IWB) can be used to enhance the teaching of grammar in context. It explains that grammar is best taught as part of language instruction, not in isolation. The IWB allows teachers to highlight and annotate texts to draw students' attention to grammatical forms, functions, and usage. It also facilitates manipulating texts and interactive activities like clickers to help students understand meaning, recognize structures, and produce language with appropriate grammar in context. A variety of techniques are presented, such as highlighting, rearranging words and sentences, adding or removing text, and reviewing materials on the IWB.

1. Using the IWB to ...Enhance the Teaching of Grammar

2. English Onboard Enhancing GrammarNew equipment – New possibilities The new equipment allowsteachers and pupilsto focus on grammatical structures that convey meaning and draw student attention to: the form,function, and use of grammar in context in a text.

3. English Onboard Enhancing Grammar InstructionHow do learners learn grammar?Research suggests that learners learn by….Noticing – the learner perceives that the structure (form, meaning and/or use) is new in some way.Recognizing – the learner accesses previous knowledge about the grammatical structure.Producing – the learner is able to use the grammatical structure appropriately.in context!

4. English Onboard Enhancing Grammar InstructionWhy teach grammar in context?Isn’t it better to teach the grammar structures in isolation in a grammar lesson?No. Research has shown that grammar should be taught as a component of language instruction (just as grammar is only a “component” of language) and not be treated as a separate entity.How should grammar be taught? In context! Learners need to recognize and understand the message as expressed in the grammar in aparticular context.

5. English Onboard Enhancing Grammar InstructionWhy do students need to learn the meaning of a grammatical structure?Meaning is contained in a grammatical structure just as meaning is contained in a word. Learners need to understand / produce this “grammatical” message . Can’t they learn the “grammatical” message just by teaching the structure in discrete sentences ?David Nunan (1998) says “that grammar and context are often so closely related that appropriate grammatical choices can only be made with reference to the context and purpose of the communication.” Therefore, the learner needs the complete picture.

6. English Onboard Enhancing Grammar6What aspects of grammar do learners need to know?Grammatical structures not onlyhave FORM, they are also used to express MEANING in context-approriate USE.Example: You should open your mouth for the dentist.MEANING:I recommend,I suggestUSE: to give advice in a polite wayFORM: SHOULD+VERB(base form)

7. English Onboard Enhancing Grammar InstructionHow can we teach grammar in context?Get students to actively interact with the text!Annotating text - by highlighting/circling parts of words, whole words, phrases, sentences,and writing notes ‘in the margins’.

8. Manipulating text - by moving parts of words, whole words, phrases, sentences, hiding them, and substituting alternatives .

9. Addingto the text (e.g., word or sentence) or deleting parts of the text (e.g., word or sentence).English Onboard Enhancing Grammar8When can we use the IWB to teach grammar?Any time during the lesson!Present the grammar point in context from awritten or oral text (e.g., dialog, article, poem, story)songorchantpictureorvideo (trigger)Find the meaning in the grammar!Relate to MEANING,, and FORM, and USE in that specific (con)text.

10. English Onboard Enhancing Grammar9How can the IWB facilitate the teaching of grammar?The IWB encourages students to visualize grammar and their thinking about itinterpret meaning conveyed by a given grammatical sturcturemake inferences about a given grammatical structuremanipulate grammatical forms

11. English Onboard Enhancing Grammar10How can “clickers” facilitate the teaching of grammar?Clickers allow students to.. . actively participate in a non-threatening mannercheck their understanding of a grammatical structureHave a “quick practice” session to develop automaticity

12. English Onboard Enhancing Grammar11How can we use the IWB to teach grammar?On the IWB, you canhighlight and annotate textmanipulate textadd and delete textpractice and reviewdisplay “clicker” activities

13. English Onboard Enhancing Grammar12Highlight and AnnotateThe IWB can be used to (for example):highlight grammatical structures (e.g., verb phrases; verb endings, connectors)highlight parts of a sentence (e.g. the head noun, prepositional phrase) highlight parts of speechAnnotate a text (e.g., lots of past simple – probably a narrative)Sample activities can be found on the course site under “Classroom Activities.”

14. English Onboard Enhancing Grammar13ManipulateThe IWB can be used to (for example):move letters to form a word or move words to form a sentence.move sentences to form a paragraph.hide and reveal a part of a word, a whole word or a larger text.categorize grammatical forms, meanings or use (e.g., parts of speech, base + irregular verb form). Sample activities can be found on the course site under “Classroom Activities.”

15. English Onboard Enhancing Grammar14Add and DeleteThe IWB can be used to (for example):Add or delete parts of a word (e.g., word formation and word families) add or delete words or phrases from asentence or larger textMove to reveal.Sample activities can be found on the course site under “Classroom Activities.”

16. English Onboard Enhancing Reading15PracticeThe IWB can be used to (for example): do any online, interactive grammar activitiesreview homework and class work – just scan and showcheck understanding using clicker activitiesSample activities can be found on the course site under “Classroom Activities.”

17. English Onboard Enhancing Grammar16The End