This document provides an introduction to English grammar including parts of speech such as nouns, verbs, pronouns and adjectives. It covers topics such as singular and plural forms, verb tenses including present, past and future, pronouns, possessives, prepositions and punctuation. Examples are provided to illustrate grammatical concepts like subject-verb agreement, question formation and use of modal verbs. Exercises are included for students to practice applying the grammar rules.

1. The noun
pluralSingular
We
You
I
You
We are
We are boys
You are boys
I am
I am a boy
You are a boy
s
Boys
Girls
Cats
Rats
Pens
Boy
Girl
Cat
Rat
pen
Exercise:
1-I am a pupil . We are…………
2-He is a farmer. They are..………
3-she is a nurse. They are..………
4-This is a book . They are…………
S
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2. The definite and indefinite articles
A An The
A:
This is a book
That's a ball
He is a teacher
•a:
•I have a sandwich for breakfast.
•=
•I have one sandwich for breakfast.
•a
•A camel is big.
=
•Any camel is big
*a
•0He is a young boy.
•0That is a big car.
2

3. an
a - e - i - o - u
an accident - an address - an arm - an egg
an ice cream – an onion – an umbrella
*an:
I eat an orange
*an
An egg is small
•an
•An angry boy
•An untidy room
•An old man
3

4. •The
The book / The books.
The:
•
•I watch television after dinner
•We study Arabic and English.
•some
I have some meat and rice for lunch.
Exercise : fill in the sentences with ( a an the
some(
1-This is ……….table.
2-Draw …….orange.
3-Give me ………….sugar.
4-where is ………white book?
4

5. Pronouns
I am a pupil . This is my book.
You are a teacher . This is your room.
He is a man. This is his shirt.
She is a nurse . This is her hospital.
We are pupils.Our books are clean.
You are farmers. Your farm is big.
They are teachers. Their school is new.
I _ Me
Look at me.
You_ you
I like you.
He_ him
Help him.
She_her
5

6. Help her.
Exercise:
1-You visit……………friends.
2-He visits ………….friends.
3-She visit ………..friends.
4-We visit ………….friends.
5-They visit ……….friends.
My your his her
1-My name is Ali.
2-Your name is Ali.
3-Your name is Fatma.
4-Your names are Fahad,Ali and Ahmed.
5-His name is Soud.
6-Her name is Huda.
6

7. Finish the sentences:
******************
My your his her our
1-We are going to ………school.
2-I am going to ………school.
3-He is going to ……….school.
4-She is going to ………..hospital.
5-You are going to ………farm.
6-This is a boy ……….name is Ali.
7-This is a girl ………..name is Mona.
Reflexive pronouns
Myself
Yourself
Himself
Herself
Itself
Ourselves
Yourselves
Themselves
7

8. examples
1-I did all the homework myself.
2-You cleaned the room yourself.
3-He made the toy himself.
4-She made a cake herself.
5-We wrote the lessons ourselves.
6-You cleaned the rooms yourselves.
7-They cleaned the rooms themselves.
Exercise
Choose the correct answer:
1-You should look after ( yourself – himself – itself(
2-We did the homework. We did it ( itself –
themselves – ourselves(
3-I clean my room ( himself – yourself – myself(
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9. Verbs
Verb ( to be(
Present
I am You are He is She is
=I`m =you`re =He`s =She`s
past
Was young last year.I / He / She / It
Were young last year.We / You / They
am – is – are0
I am a pupil.
.We are
busy today
The farmer is at his
farm
9

10. pluralSingular
We are
You are
They are
They are
They are
Iam
You are
He is
She is
It is
Learn and say:
We`re = We are ( working(
We aren`t ready to play.
We`re busy today.
The farmer is at his farm.
His hat`s ( = His hat is ) on his head.
The nurse is at the hospital.
She`s (=She is ) making the bed.
The mechanic is at the workshop.
He`s ( = He is ) fixing the car.
The clerk is at the office.
Do you know where we are?
10

11. Asking questions:
No yes
0
Were you……?Are you?.…
Yes , I am …. Yes I was..…
Are you……? Yes , I am.
No, I am not.
Were you……? Yes , I was. No, I was not.
Is he……? Yes , he is. No,he is not.
Was he …..? Yes, he was. No, he was not.
Are they….? Yes, they are . No, they are not.
Were they …..? Yes , they were. No, they were not.
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12. Exercise:
Finish the sentences:
1-I ……….Mona. I………ten years old.
2-You ……..Ahmed. You……..nine years old.
3-You………Maha. You……..eight years old.
4-He……..Adel. He…….seven years old.
5-She …….Nadia. She …….six years old.
Finish the sentences:
)I'm – We're – you're – He's – She's – They 're(
..…………*a teacher.
..…………*teachers.
.…………*a nurse.
…………*nurses.
…………*a pupil.
…………*pupils.
.…………*a farmer.
.…………*farmers.
Put ( am – is – are ) in the spaces:
12

13. *The window………….green.
*I …………in the classroom.
*My father ………a mechanic.
*The boys……..in the classroom.
*He ……….at school.
*Ali……….in his room.
*The books……….on the table.
Answer with yes,…….. Then with No..………,
Example:
Is this a pen?
Yes,it is.
Is this a hen?
No,it isn't. It's a pen.
*Is this a nut?
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14. Yes…………,
*Is this a bus?
No……………,
Yes.…………,
*Is this the sun?
Yes.………………,
*Is this a bus?
No..………………,
It's.………………
Finish the sentences:
) *am – is – are – was – were(
1-I ………. In the garden yesterday.
2-They …………at home last night.
3-He ………in the zoo yesterday.
4-You ………..very clean.
5-This ……..our new car.
Verb (( to have((
14

15. Have ( got ) Has ( got(
I have got a table.
You have got a pen.
He has ( got ) new clothes.
We have got a new house.
They have got many books.
***********************
Put have got /or has got in the spaces.
1-I …………………a new shirt.
2-You…………….a red pen.
3-Ali…………..a blue car.
4-Maha…………….a yellow dress.
5-We………….new books.
6-They………………..blue rulers.
Modal verbs
15

16. 1-Can:
Can / can't = cannot/
could / couldn't = could not
He can write Arabic.
I could jump high five years ago.
I can't jump now.
2-could
Could you help me , please?
3-may
May I?..……00000
May I have some orange juice, please?
4-should
Should / shouldn't
You should wash your hands before you eat.
5-must
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17. Must/must not
In football, you must kick the ball.You musn't carry it.
6-will
Will not = won't
I will visit my uncle tomorrow.
I think we won't live on the moon in the future.
7-would
What would you like to eat?
The imperative form
17

18. 0
0
Read
Write
Tenses
The present simple tense
I read English every day.
He reads English every day.
0000
I usually watch TV in the evening.
The sun goes up in the morning.
sI you(
ss-sh-ch-x-o
es
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19. Pass --passes
Wash –washes
Finish—finishes
Teach—teaches
Watch—watches
Also
Do—does
Go—goes
yies
Study – studies
Try—tries
Fly—flies
yi
Ay – ey – oy – uy
Stay – stays
Obey – obeys
Enjoy – enjoys
Buy – buys
I walk to school every morning0
He walks to school every morning.
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20. It sometimes rains in spring.
The moon shines in the evening.
Every
Usually
Sometimes
Always
Often
Ask and answer questions:
***********************
doIyou
What school do you go to?
I go to Marshad school.
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21. What school does Maha go to?
Maha goes to Doha Primary school.
does
Do you….? Yes I do
No,I don't.
Does he……? Yes , he does.
No, he doesn't.
Do you like fish ? * Yes , I do.
*Yes, I like fish.
*No, I don't.
*No, I don't like fish.
The present continuos tense
am – is – are + ing
ing
Clap = clapping pp
21

22. Sit = sitting tt
eing
Dance = dancing
Write = writing
Are….ingIs….ingAm …ing
They are writing.He is writing.I am writing.
The past simple tense:
He ate. We ate.
0
0
Yesterday last ago
22

23. ed
pastPresent
Liked
loved
Like
love
did
did
didn't
We played football.
We didn't play football.
Irregular verbs
PastPresent
Built
Cut
Took
Put
Gave
Said
ran
Build
Cut
Take
put
Give
Say
run
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24. )was – were ) + verb + ing
The sun was shining all day yesterday.
They were playing football in the afternoon.
Choose the correct answer:
1-The man was ( stand- stands – standing ) behind the
tree.
2-Three boys were ( sitting – sit – sat ) in the room and
writing the lesson.
0
While he was watering the garden , it rained.
While
While + past continuous = past simple
When
Past continuous - when = past simple
I was reading the lesson when my father came.
The future simple tense
24

25. )am – is – are ) + going to + verb
0
I am going to visit my uncle tomorrow
Tomorrow – next – next week – next month – next year–
Will + verb
will
The policeman will catch the thief0
Asking questions:
______________
0
Yes, 00No,00
Negative answerAnswerQuestion
No, I am not.Yes,I am.Are you a boy?
No,he hasn`t.Yes ,he has.Has Ali got a
car?
No, I don't.Yes, I do.Do you like
meat?
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26. Who
What
What colour
What time
When
Where
How
How are you
How old
How many
Adjectives
0
To be
This boy is tall.
This girl is fat.
This is a tall boy.
This is a fat girl.
This picture is new0
It is a good book 0 They are good books.
OppositeAdjective
Small
Top
Big
Bottom
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27. Hot
Late
Difficult
Slow
Thin
Bad
Unhappy
Right
Short
Little
New
Young
Poor
Wrong
Dangerous
tall
Cold
Early
Easy
Fast
Fat
Good
Happy
Left
Long
Much
Old
Old
Rich
Right
Safe
short
punctuation
1-Capital letter.
2-0
3-0
4-0
5-s Apostrophe s
It is Ahmed's shirt.
Prepositions
Under
Next to
On
In
behind
0
27