1) A cause-and-effect relationship exists when an event or action (the cause) results in or makes other things happen (the effects). The cause must occur before any effects. 2) Grammatical signals that indicate a cause-and-effect relationship include cause signals like "resulted from", "due to", and "because of" and effect signals like "consequently", "thus", and "the cause of". 3) Students should complete a KWL chart to summarize what they have learned about using grammatical signals to identify relationships of cause and effect.

1. Grammatical Signals for
Cause and Effect
Pattern of Development

2. CAUSE-and-EFFECT relationship is when an event (the
cause) resulted in or made things happen (the
effects). Remember that the CAUSE must happen first
before the EFFECT/S.
 Grammatical signals that you are suggested to be familiar
with:
CAUSE SIGNALS

4. EFFECT SIGNALS

6. Example
What grammatical signals for CAUSE can we use to rewrite the
statements together?

7. We can use resulted from or due to/because of.

8. What grammatical signals for EFFECT can we use to rewrite the
statements together?

9. We can use consequently, thus or the cause of

10. What grammatical signals for CAUSE can we use to rewrite the statements
together?

11. We can use because or was/were the result of.

12. Activity1 1
Read and analyze the items in column A then find their matches in
column B. Write the letter of your answer on the provided space.

13. As a summary of what has been discussed in this
module, accomplish the KWL Chart below.

14. Activity2

15. Answer key