This document provides vocabulary words and tips for English studies. It defines words like stereotypes, patterns, tech savvy, and human resources. It also gives tips on using adjectives to describe personality, connectors of contrast, the present perfect progressive tense, how to present percentages, levels of university degrees, and juxtaposing advantages and disadvantages. The document aims to expand English vocabulary and provide guidance on certain grammar structures.

1. “Mariano Benitez” High School
3rd Baccalaureate
ENGLISH
VOCABULARY and TIPS
Teacher: Mg.Isabel Toro

2. Vocabulary 1
• stereotypes. generalizations that people make about certain
groups.
Ex:
However, these most often do not coincide with the
stereotypes that most people have of these countries.
• patterns. something that is repeated in a set way.
Ex:
Some patterns emerged in the data.

3. Vocabulary 2
• Tech savvy. someone who works well with technology.
Ex:
It is easy for tech savvy kids to detect the keylogger software for
Mac.
. Human resources. a department in a company or institution that takes
care of the well-being and rights of the workers.
Ex:
We have reconfirmed the importance of investment in human
resources.

4. Vocabulary 3
• field. Area.
Ex:
Take this test to see what field would be ideal for you.
• translator. a professional who changes written texts from one language to
another.
Ex:
Oleon took a translator out of his pocket and put in his ear.
• interpreter. a professional who changes oral texts from one language to another.
Ex:
He is a good interpreter.

5. Vocabulary 4
• endless. without end.
Ex:
Long, endless stretches of nothing.
• scholarships. economic assistance to help you pay for your studies.
Ex:
Our daughter received a very generous scholarship to attend the
University of Virginia.

6. Vocabulary 5
• host. a person or entity that receives guests.
Ex:
Xaro is our host, but we know nothing about him.
• regret. feel bad about doing or not doing something.
Ex:
You're gonna regret this decision for the rest of your life.
• entail. include, mean.
Ex:
Some may involve the use of technology to convey instruction.

7. Vocabulary 6
• versatile. flexible, able to do many different things.
Ex:
It was clearly a versatile machine.
• be willing to. have the predisposition to do something.
Ex:
If this man has a problem, we're willing to listen.

8. Vocabulary 7
• subsidized. economically supported by an institution, usually the government.
Ex:
These plans have been subsidized by the federal government
for years.
. loan. money lent to someone that must be paid back.
Ex:
We repaid the bank loan before the date agreed on in the contract.
• tuition. money it costs to attend a university.
Ex:
I'm working hard to pay my graduate university tuition.

9. Vocabulary 8
• unaware. a state of not knowing something.
Ex:
I'm not unaware of the situation, but I haven't decided what to do yet.
• assistantship. in this context, economic aid in exchange for working for the university.
Ex:
Did the duration of the assistantship correspond to your expectations?
. trade. a job that is normally manual and requires special training.
Ex:
She teaches him a trade, puts food on the table.

10. Vocabulary 9
• apprehensive. worried, cautious.
Ex: I'm feeling apprehensive about the result of today's vote.
• keep up with. complete on time.
Ex: It is not always easy to keep up with my correspondence.
• slip. in this context, fall behind.
Ex: We have come too far to let this slip away.
• lean on. metaphorically, to find support in someone.
Ex: We all need someone to lean on when times get tough.
. gap. Space.
Ex: The gender pay gap is the difference between how much women and men earn that are
working full time.
. burden. the main responsibility.
Ex: The truth is that you'd be a burden to me.

11. TIP 1
Normally we use adjectives to describe someone’s
personality. However, sometimes we can use nouns. For
example, to be a “people person” means you are
someone who likes being around and working with
people.
Ex:
Outgoing people can be good social workers.
Adj.

12. Tip 2
To use connectors of contrast, you need two ideas that oppose each other. A opposes B.
For example: “You should think about your future, however you shouldn’t stress too
much.” Other words that show juxtaposition are nevertheless, nonetheless, although, on
the other hand, yet.
Ex:
.Governments were nevertheless solely responsible for security measures.
.Credible attempt, but nonetheless a forgery.
.Everyone enjoyed the trip to the final although we lost the match.
she still owes me dinner.
.On the one hand, I promised I'd buy her lunch, but on the other hand, she still
owes me dinner.
. I’m still looking for a house; I haven’t found anything I like yet.

13. Tip 3
Notice the use of the present perfect progressive. It is a verb tense we
use when we want to talk about an action that began at some point in
the past but that is still continuing in the present. It is formed by the
auxiliary HAS/HAVE + BEEN + V –ING.
Ex:
College life has been treating me horribly.
I’ve been studying for five semesters.
My studies haven’t been letting me sleep.

14. Tip 4
When you present percentages in
English, remember that you do NOT
use the definite article “the”.
For example, we say, “50% of the
people said they were shy, while 25%
said they were loud.”

15. Tip 5
Remember that there are three different
levels of university degrees. The first is
Bachelor’s, which lasts four to five years.
The second is Master’s, which lasts
usually two years, then PhD, which is
another three to four years.

16. Tip 6
Notice how advantages and disadvantages are juxtaposed using
connectors of contrast such as on one hand…on the other
hand, however.
Ex:
.In short, just one hand is not enough: the hand of politics is
also needed.
.On the one hand, the blind, unconditional and uncontrolled
support for nuclear energy.
. It's raining; however, we can go if we call a taxi.

17. Tip 7
While you are debating, remember
your connecting words, especially
those of contrast that you have
learned in this module.