This document provides an overview of different types of energy sources and electricity. It discusses seven main types of energy: mechanical, light, sound, thermal, electrical, chemical, and nuclear. It describes renewable and non-renewable energy sources. It also explains key concepts related to electricity like electrical current, circuits, and different methods for producing electricity at power stations using sources like water, fuels, nuclear power, wind and solar energy. The document concludes with sections on magnetism, electromagnetism, and uses of magnetism.

1. Eduardo Sanjurjo Rodríguez
6º B – Primary

2. INDEX
1. Energy ........................................... 3
2. Electricity ....................................... 5
3. Electrical current ............................. 6
4. Producing electricity ........................ 7
5. Magnetism .................................... 11
2

3. Energy
Energy is the ability of
an object to change
things around it.
Energy can be :
o Mechanical
o Light
o Sound
o Thermal
o Electrical
o Chemical
o Nuclear
3

4. Sources of energy
Fuels (coal, natural gas and
petroleum) chemical energy
Water mechanical energy
Wind mechanical energy
Uranium and plutonium thermal energy
Sun light energy
Biomass chemical energy
Ocean waves and tides mechanical energy
Sources of energy can be:
- Renewable (such as sunlight or wind)
- Non-renewable ( such as coal or petroleum)
Energy transforms:
One form of energy can transform into a different form of
energy.
When you clap our hands, we transform kinetic energy
into sound energy. 4

5. Electricity
Electricity is a form of energy:
We can transport it easily through power
lines.
It transforms into other types of energy, like the
light energy of a light bulb.
Electricity comes from other forms of energy like
the mechanical or the chemical.
Electrical charges
Objects can accumulate electricity, they can be
electrically charged .
Objects can be :
•Neutral (same number of “+” and “-” charges).
•Positively charged (more “+” than “-” charges).
•Negatively charged (more “-” than “+” charges).
Objects with different electrical charges will attract
each other, and objects with same electrical charges
will repel each other.
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6. Conducting and insulating materials
Conducting materials : electical charges move easily
through materials (copper)
Insulating materials : electrical charges cannot move
through materials (wood, rubber, plastic)
Electrical current
Electrical current is the movement of electrical charges through a conducting
material.
Electrical circuit
Electrical charges need an electric circuit to move and create an electric current.
The elements in a electric circuit are:
 Battery is the generator
 Wire is the conductor
 Ligh bulb is the receiver
 Switch open or closed the circuit
6

7. Producing electricity
Electricity is produced in power stations and then transported through power
lines.
Types of power stations:
Hydroelectric power Thermal power stations
stations Burn fuels. Combustion heats water
Use the energy from reservoirs. than is converted into steam. Steam
Water moves a turbine and it moves the turbine and generates
generates electricity. electricity.
Ricobayo
7

8. Nuclear power station of Almaraz-Cáceres
Nuclear power stations
Use uranium or plutonium to
produce thermal energy.
Wind farms and
solar power stations
Transform the wind’s and
the sun’s energy
8

9. Energy and the environment
• Changes in the
landscape
Reservoir of Almendra
• Depletion of fuels • Pollution
Coal mine in Cerredo
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10. Using energy efficiently
To save energy and use it efficiently
• Turn off the lights and use natural light when
possible
• Use public transport , walk or ride a bike
• Turn off heather and air conditioning
• Insulate homes
• Practise the 3 R’s : reduce, reuse and recycle
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11. Magnetism
Magnetism is the ability of materials to attract metals such as iron and steel.
Types of magnets:
 Natural (magnetite)  Artificial (fridge magnets)
All the magnets have two parts:
•The north poles (N)
•The south poles (S)
We cannot separate the poles of a
magnet, although break it in half.
Same poles repel each other
Different poles attract each other
11

12. The magnetic poles of the
Earth
The Earth’s core is made out of iron and
nickel.
The Earth acts like a large magnet.
It has a north magnetic pole and a
south magnetic pole.
The compass needle always points to the
magnetic poles of the Earth
12

13. Uses of magnetism
• Magnets are used in:
door locks, bags, electric
motors and clocks
• Magnetism is used to
store information on
credit cards, mobile
phones and computer
drives.
• Magnetic devices are used
to control theft of
clothes, CD...
• Magnetic strips on plane
tickets and ID cards.
• Compass.
13

14. Electromagnetism
Is the relationship between electricity and magnetism.
•Magnetism produce electricity (dynamo off a bicycle)
•Electricity produce magnetism
14

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