An energy audit is an inspection survey and an analysis of energy flows for energy conservation in a building. It may include a process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output.
Smart energy efficiency for industrial consumer systemsGeorges Seil, PhD
Georges Seil is an energy efficiency expert who has worked on projects in Europe and obtained certifications in energy management. He proposes a method called FEEBIZ that breaks down industrial energy consumption into finite elements that can each be optimized. The document discusses threats to energy efficiency, trends like ISO 50001 energy management, and investment opportunities in waste-to-energy conversion technologies like pyrolysis of plastics and tires. On-site combined heat and power is also presented as an efficient option to improve industrial energy use.
Smart energy efficiency for industrial consumer systemsGeorges Seil, PhD
Georges Seil is an energy efficiency expert who has worked on projects in Europe and obtained certifications in energy management. He proposes a method called FEEBIZ that breaks down industrial energy consumption into finite elements that can each be optimized. The document discusses threats to energy efficiency, trends like ISO 50001 energy management, and investment opportunities in waste-to-energy conversion technologies like pyrolysis of plastics and tires. On-site combined heat and power is also presented as an efficient option to improve industrial energy use.
This document discusses household appliances and provides details about refrigerators. It contains the following key points:
1. Household appliances are electrical or mechanical devices used for household functions and can be classified as major appliances like air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, or minor appliances like TVs, mixers, water pumps.
2. The five basic parts of a refrigerator are the compressor, heat-exchanging pipes inside and outside the unit, expansion valve, and refrigerant.
3. Proper maintenance of a refrigerator includes keeping it away from heat sources, allowing air circulation, cleaning coils, and checking door seals.
The document discusses the importance of improving global energy efficiency. It notes that global energy demand is projected to increase significantly by 2030 and that greater efficiency is needed to reduce CO2 emissions. An energy audit process is described that involves measuring energy inputs, throughput, and outputs to identify inefficiencies. Specific strategies are outlined like using more efficient lighting and appliances, improving building insulation, and developing smart grid infrastructure to better integrate renewable resources. Government policies around building codes, appliance standards, and efficiency labeling are recommended to help advance energy efficiency goals.
House hold electrical gadgets/appliancesVish Tyagi
This document discusses household electrical appliances and energy efficiency. It is divided into several sections that describe different types of appliances, factors that influence energy usage, and ways to improve efficiency. Major appliances include air conditioners and refrigerators, while minor appliances are things like TVs and mixers. Variable speed drives and optimizing conductor sizing can lower energy losses. Proper lighting choices and controls, such as motion sensors, also reduce usage. The "three R's" of reduce, reuse and recycle aim to minimize waste and consumption. India has implemented an energy efficiency rating system with star labels to help consumers identify the most efficient products.
This document discusses Pakistan's energy conservation policy and provides tips to reduce energy consumption across various sectors. It finds that the power and industrial sectors consume the most energy in Pakistan. Various challenges to sustainability are outlined. Significant energy savings of $2 billion per year are possible through conservation efforts. Barriers to conservation like lack of legislation, financing, culture and standards are identified along with potential options to address them. Specific tips are then provided to reduce consumption in domestic, agriculture, transport, building and industry sectors. Regular maintenance, efficient appliances, insulation and education are emphasized.
NATIONAL GREEN CORPS, NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME, CLIMATE EDUCATION AND ENERGY C...W G Kumar
A training module to introduce College Lecturers and School Teachers to the subject of Climate Education and Live Projects that they can do in their institution and elsewhere
Smart energy efficiency for industrial consumer systemsGeorges Seil, PhD
Georges Seil is an energy efficiency expert who has worked on projects in Europe and obtained certifications in energy management. He proposes a method called FEEBIZ that breaks down industrial energy consumption into finite elements that can each be optimized. The document discusses threats to energy efficiency, trends like ISO 50001 energy management, and investment opportunities in waste-to-energy conversion technologies like pyrolysis of plastics and tires. On-site combined heat and power is also presented as an efficient option to improve industrial energy use.
Smart energy efficiency for industrial consumer systemsGeorges Seil, PhD
Georges Seil is an energy efficiency expert who has worked on projects in Europe and obtained certifications in energy management. He proposes a method called FEEBIZ that breaks down industrial energy consumption into finite elements that can each be optimized. The document discusses threats to energy efficiency, trends like ISO 50001 energy management, and investment opportunities in waste-to-energy conversion technologies like pyrolysis of plastics and tires. On-site combined heat and power is also presented as an efficient option to improve industrial energy use.
This document discusses household appliances and provides details about refrigerators. It contains the following key points:
1. Household appliances are electrical or mechanical devices used for household functions and can be classified as major appliances like air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, or minor appliances like TVs, mixers, water pumps.
2. The five basic parts of a refrigerator are the compressor, heat-exchanging pipes inside and outside the unit, expansion valve, and refrigerant.
3. Proper maintenance of a refrigerator includes keeping it away from heat sources, allowing air circulation, cleaning coils, and checking door seals.
The document discusses the importance of improving global energy efficiency. It notes that global energy demand is projected to increase significantly by 2030 and that greater efficiency is needed to reduce CO2 emissions. An energy audit process is described that involves measuring energy inputs, throughput, and outputs to identify inefficiencies. Specific strategies are outlined like using more efficient lighting and appliances, improving building insulation, and developing smart grid infrastructure to better integrate renewable resources. Government policies around building codes, appliance standards, and efficiency labeling are recommended to help advance energy efficiency goals.
House hold electrical gadgets/appliancesVish Tyagi
This document discusses household electrical appliances and energy efficiency. It is divided into several sections that describe different types of appliances, factors that influence energy usage, and ways to improve efficiency. Major appliances include air conditioners and refrigerators, while minor appliances are things like TVs and mixers. Variable speed drives and optimizing conductor sizing can lower energy losses. Proper lighting choices and controls, such as motion sensors, also reduce usage. The "three R's" of reduce, reuse and recycle aim to minimize waste and consumption. India has implemented an energy efficiency rating system with star labels to help consumers identify the most efficient products.
This document discusses Pakistan's energy conservation policy and provides tips to reduce energy consumption across various sectors. It finds that the power and industrial sectors consume the most energy in Pakistan. Various challenges to sustainability are outlined. Significant energy savings of $2 billion per year are possible through conservation efforts. Barriers to conservation like lack of legislation, financing, culture and standards are identified along with potential options to address them. Specific tips are then provided to reduce consumption in domestic, agriculture, transport, building and industry sectors. Regular maintenance, efficient appliances, insulation and education are emphasized.
NATIONAL GREEN CORPS, NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME, CLIMATE EDUCATION AND ENERGY C...W G Kumar
A training module to introduce College Lecturers and School Teachers to the subject of Climate Education and Live Projects that they can do in their institution and elsewhere
Energy Auditing of a Typical Residential Building in Ibadan MetropolisIOSR Journals
This document summarizes an energy audit conducted on a typical residential building in Ibadan, Nigeria. The building contained four flats, with two flats on metered electricity and two flats billed without meters. The results of the audit found that the metered customers were paying accurate electricity bills, while the non-metered customers were overbilled by 30-80%. The study concluded by recommending that all residential apartments be fitted with meters, including pre-paid meters, to both stimulate demand and improve the accuracy of electricity billing.
The document discusses why sustainable buildings are important and provides techniques to save power in buildings. It notes that buildings consume a large portion of energy usage annually. Building sustainably can reduce environmental impacts from fossil fuel usage and is more efficient over time due to lower operating costs. The document then outlines major sectors of power consumption in residential and commercial buildings. It also discusses prerequisite studies of building design considerations like orientation, envelopes and insulation to improve energy performance. Finally, it presents various power saving techniques for buildings like geothermal systems, solar heating, efficient lighting and daylight harvesting.
The document provides information on techniques for energy conservation in industries. It defines energy conservation as decreasing energy usage while maintaining output. Key points include:
- Industries conserve energy to reduce costs and increase profits. Common areas of high energy usage are electricity, labor, and materials.
- Common equipment like motors, pumps, compressors, lighting offer significant savings potential through efficiency improvements, proper sizing, maintenance and technology upgrades.
- Proper energy management includes regular audits, monitoring consumption, identifying waste, and implementing cost-effective conservation opportunities.
- Renewable energy options like solar, wind and biomass are also discussed as ways to reduce industries' environmental impacts.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
SYSTEMS
1 | P a g e
Table of Contents:
List of Tables: ................................................................................................................................ 1
Introduction: .................................................................................................................................. 2
Energy Audit of New Castle House: .............................................................................................. 2
House Description: .................................................................................................................... 2
Electronic Appliances & Energy Consumption: ......................................................................... 3
Cost of Energy Consumption: ................................................................................................... 5
Potential Saving in Electricity: ....................................................................................................... 5
Energy Saving in Refrigerators: ................................................................................................ 6
Energy Saving in Washing Machine & Dryers: ......................................................................... 6
Energy Saving in Electric Oven: ............................................................................................... 7
Energy Saving in Lighting Load: ............................................................................................... 7
Energy Saving in Water Heating & Space Heating: .................................................................. 7
Summary of Energy and Cost Saving: .......................................................................................... 7
Conclusion: ................................................................................................................................... 8
References: ................................................................................................................................... 9
List of Tables:
Table 1. Household appliances with their wattage and average daily usage ............................... 4
Table 2. Average annual consumption of energy (kWh/year) by the household appliances ........ 4
Table 3. Cost of energy consumption by the appliances annually ................................................ 5
Table 4. Potential saving in energy consumption and saving in energy cost ............................... 8
2 | P a g e
Sustainable Energy System
Introduction:
In any modern societies in the world there are continuously increasing concerns over availability
of energy, energy consumption efficiency and reduction in losses over network. In developed
countries it is a challenging task to achieve sustainability in energy efficiency and growth. On the
other hand for developing countries challenge is to achieve self-reliance and ene.
GC-International offers energy saving solutions to address South Africa's problems with insufficient and expensive energy. They provide products like power optimizers, geyser profilers, air conditioner profilers, and power conditioners that save customers money on their electricity bills. Their solutions are tailored for domestic, small business, large business, and industrial customers.
This document discusses green energy choices and how they provide community benefits. It promotes converting to renewable energy sources by reducing energy consumption, reusing energy, and recycling energy. Specific products and services are introduced, such as smart energy management systems, LED lighting, solar PV modules, wind turbines, and ventilation recovery systems. Case studies show how these solutions can significantly reduce energy bills and carbon emissions while providing quick returns on investment.
Energy conservation refers to efforts made to reduce energy consumption through more efficient energy use and decreased energy consumption from conventional sources. This can increase financial, environmental, and human well-being. Individuals and organizations conserve energy to reduce costs and increase economic security, while industrial and commercial users aim to maximize profits. Passive solar building design techniques allow buildings to collect, store, and distribute solar energy for heating and cooling. Responsibility for energy conservation in the UK falls primarily to the Department of Energy and Climate Change.
This document discusses energy efficiency in hospitals through building design and operations. It outlines the importance of energy efficiency in hospitals, as energy consumption accounts for a large portion of hospital costs. Designing hospitals to maximize daylight, optimize HVAC and lighting systems, and utilize energy recovery can significantly reduce energy use. Specific measures mentioned include installing efficient LED lighting, optimizing insulation and windows, recovering heat from sterilization processes, and utilizing building automation for HVAC and lighting control. The document emphasizes that improving energy efficiency in hospitals can lower costs while enhancing patient and staff comfort.
Highlights of the Kuwait HVAC&R Conference 2017Swati Warang
A brief-overview of the highlights of the 2nd kuwait HVAC&R Conference, a confluence of ideas to improve HVAC system efficiency and implement best practices in construction.
This document provides information about Atlas Companies and their energy services. It summarizes that Atlas has over 18 megawatts of solar projects installed in Ohio, accounting for almost 20% of the state's capacity. It also details Atlas' 35+ years of energy auditing and retrofitting experience across various sectors including naval bases, schools, hospitals and more. Finally, it promotes Atlas' energy assistance services for Ukraine and encourages joining the International Energy Agency.
The document discusses the importance of energy conservation as the best alternative energy option available. It outlines a two-step program implemented by the Energy Conservation Department to encourage energy saving behaviors through technical assistance and audits of industrial and commercial facilities. The program involves general analysis and complete energy audits to identify recommendations to save energy through improvements to lighting, motors, air compressors and other systems. Successful implementation of recommendations at some facilities resulted in over 1MW of power savings.
Energy Performance Evaluation of Retail Outlets – Case Study of anAir- Condit...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an energy audit conducted on an air-conditioned supermarket in Kerala, India. The audit found that air conditioning and refrigeration systems accounted for the majority of energy consumption. Specific energy consumption of the supermarket was calculated to be 295 kWh/m2 per year. Through recommended energy efficiency measures and a proposed 25 kW solar PV system, annual energy consumption could be reduced by over 11,000 kWh and carbon emissions offset by 21.5 tons, with a simple payback period of under 6 years for the solar investment. Thermal imaging identified overheating issues in deep freezer compressors. Overall the audit identified significant potential for energy savings and on-site renewable energy generation at the supermarket.
IRJET- Energy Efficient and Sustainable BuildingsIRJET Journal
This document discusses energy efficient and sustainable (green) buildings. It begins by noting that buildings consume around 40% of the world's total energy from non-renewable sources. The document then outlines some of the key objectives and practices of green buildings, such as being energy efficient, using eco-friendly materials, and providing good indoor environmental quality. Specific green building techniques discussed include passive solar heating and cooling, water conservation practices, and using non-conventional energy sources like solar cells. The document also briefly discusses some common green building rating systems in India like GRIHA, IGBC and BEE. It concludes by noting that green building regulations should be enforced to promote more sustainable construction.
IRJET- ZERO ENERGY HOMES: an Initiative to Sustainable EnvironmentIRJET Journal
This document discusses the concept and design of a zero energy home in India. It begins with an abstract that defines a zero energy building as one with greatly reduced energy needs through efficiency such that the balance can be supplied by renewable technologies. The document then provides details on the design of a proposed zero energy home, including components like walls/roofing made of hollow clay bricks and glazing, a solar power generation system, a domestic hot water system, greywater and rainwater harvesting systems. It calculates the home's expected energy consumption and production from solar panels. The goal is to design a home that produces as much or more energy annually than it consumes.
IRJET- Analysis of Energy - Efficient Measures for Architectural BuildingIRJET Journal
This document analyzes energy efficient measures that can be implemented in commercial buildings in India to reduce energy consumption. It finds that commercial buildings account for 50% of electricity use in India due to widespread air conditioning. Potential measures discussed include installing electronic ballasts for fluorescent lights, implementing air-to-air heat recovery systems, optimizing control sequences for multiple identical chillers, and using variable speed drives for equipment like chillers and pumps. Modeling shows the control sequence optimization and variable speed drives for chillers have payback periods of under 3 years, making them highly cost-effective options.
The document discusses a workshop on energy optimisation to be held in Port Harcourt, Nigeria from November 29th to December 2nd 2022. It defines energy optimisation and energy efficiency, and explains their importance in reducing energy costs, carbon emissions, and climate impacts. It provides tips on optimising energy like shutting down computers and using power strips, and discusses energy labels, ratings, policies, and optimising combustion in boilers.
Energy conservation refers to efforts to reduce energy consumption through more efficient use and decreased use of conventional energy sources. This can provide financial, environmental, and security benefits. At the household level, energy conservation includes proper use and maintenance of appliances like refrigerators and washing machines, efficient lighting, and passive solar building design. Responsibility for energy policy in the UK falls mainly to the Department of Energy and Climate Change, along with other departments. Energy conservation is important at various levels including household, community, industry, and transportation.
This document summarizes a GHG emissions assessment for Viva Tierra's office in Sedro Woolley, Washington. Transportation emissions from employee commuting and business travel were the largest source at 21,867 lbs of CO2. Purchased electricity was the second largest at 10,212 lbs. Other sources included water use at 192 lbs and utilities. Suggestions are made to further reduce emissions from HVAC, appliances, lighting, and encourage carpooling or offsets. The overall assessment finds Viva Tierra has made good progress in reducing emissions through solar panels and efficiency measures.
Emission and mitigation eshan ahuja presentationeshanahuja
- The document discusses strategies to reduce carbon emissions from households in Australia. It analyzes the carbon footprint of the author's current and previous residences using different carbon calculators.
- Various technologies and their impacts on emissions are compared between the residences. Proposed strategies include improving insulation, using efficient appliances and heating/cooling systems, installing solar panels, and changing habits around food, transportation and waste.
- Implementing all proposed strategies could potentially reduce the author's carbon emissions by over 7 tons per year according to the analysis. A combination of technological and behavioral strategies is recommended for maximum impact.
This document provides recommendations for saving electricity and air consumption in machine shops. It lists 12 ways to reduce energy usage, such as switching off lights when not needed, turning off equipment when not in use, reducing closing delays on automatic doors, cleaning and maintaining equipment regularly, installing insulation, replacing lights with LED bulbs, using natural airflow, checking air conditioning lines, optimizing appliance settings, making conservation a collaborative effort, using renewable energy sources, and properly maintaining airlocks, windows, and air exhaust systems. The overall goal is to cut costs and reduce the burden on utility companies by improving energy efficiency in machine shop operations.
Removal of Reactive dyes from wastewater by Adsorption process.pptxEr. Rahul Jarariya
This document discusses the removal of dyes from wastewater using adsorption processes. It lists various adsorbents derived from plant materials that can be used, such as leaves from trees like Aegle marmelos, Artocarpus heterophyllus, and Azadirachta indica. It also lists activated carbons and modified leaf powders that are effective adsorbents. Finally, it defines various terms related to adsorption processes, kinetics, and isotherm models.
Calculus involves the study of limits, derivatives, and integrals to understand changes in quantities. It was developed by Newton and Leibniz and is divided into differential and integral calculus. Differential calculus examines rates of change, while integral calculus concerns quantities given rates of change. Calculus is applied in fields like science, technology, physics, and engineering to model real-world systems and problems.
Energy Auditing of a Typical Residential Building in Ibadan MetropolisIOSR Journals
This document summarizes an energy audit conducted on a typical residential building in Ibadan, Nigeria. The building contained four flats, with two flats on metered electricity and two flats billed without meters. The results of the audit found that the metered customers were paying accurate electricity bills, while the non-metered customers were overbilled by 30-80%. The study concluded by recommending that all residential apartments be fitted with meters, including pre-paid meters, to both stimulate demand and improve the accuracy of electricity billing.
The document discusses why sustainable buildings are important and provides techniques to save power in buildings. It notes that buildings consume a large portion of energy usage annually. Building sustainably can reduce environmental impacts from fossil fuel usage and is more efficient over time due to lower operating costs. The document then outlines major sectors of power consumption in residential and commercial buildings. It also discusses prerequisite studies of building design considerations like orientation, envelopes and insulation to improve energy performance. Finally, it presents various power saving techniques for buildings like geothermal systems, solar heating, efficient lighting and daylight harvesting.
The document provides information on techniques for energy conservation in industries. It defines energy conservation as decreasing energy usage while maintaining output. Key points include:
- Industries conserve energy to reduce costs and increase profits. Common areas of high energy usage are electricity, labor, and materials.
- Common equipment like motors, pumps, compressors, lighting offer significant savings potential through efficiency improvements, proper sizing, maintenance and technology upgrades.
- Proper energy management includes regular audits, monitoring consumption, identifying waste, and implementing cost-effective conservation opportunities.
- Renewable energy options like solar, wind and biomass are also discussed as ways to reduce industries' environmental impacts.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
SYSTEMS
1 | P a g e
Table of Contents:
List of Tables: ................................................................................................................................ 1
Introduction: .................................................................................................................................. 2
Energy Audit of New Castle House: .............................................................................................. 2
House Description: .................................................................................................................... 2
Electronic Appliances & Energy Consumption: ......................................................................... 3
Cost of Energy Consumption: ................................................................................................... 5
Potential Saving in Electricity: ....................................................................................................... 5
Energy Saving in Refrigerators: ................................................................................................ 6
Energy Saving in Washing Machine & Dryers: ......................................................................... 6
Energy Saving in Electric Oven: ............................................................................................... 7
Energy Saving in Lighting Load: ............................................................................................... 7
Energy Saving in Water Heating & Space Heating: .................................................................. 7
Summary of Energy and Cost Saving: .......................................................................................... 7
Conclusion: ................................................................................................................................... 8
References: ................................................................................................................................... 9
List of Tables:
Table 1. Household appliances with their wattage and average daily usage ............................... 4
Table 2. Average annual consumption of energy (kWh/year) by the household appliances ........ 4
Table 3. Cost of energy consumption by the appliances annually ................................................ 5
Table 4. Potential saving in energy consumption and saving in energy cost ............................... 8
2 | P a g e
Sustainable Energy System
Introduction:
In any modern societies in the world there are continuously increasing concerns over availability
of energy, energy consumption efficiency and reduction in losses over network. In developed
countries it is a challenging task to achieve sustainability in energy efficiency and growth. On the
other hand for developing countries challenge is to achieve self-reliance and ene.
GC-International offers energy saving solutions to address South Africa's problems with insufficient and expensive energy. They provide products like power optimizers, geyser profilers, air conditioner profilers, and power conditioners that save customers money on their electricity bills. Their solutions are tailored for domestic, small business, large business, and industrial customers.
This document discusses green energy choices and how they provide community benefits. It promotes converting to renewable energy sources by reducing energy consumption, reusing energy, and recycling energy. Specific products and services are introduced, such as smart energy management systems, LED lighting, solar PV modules, wind turbines, and ventilation recovery systems. Case studies show how these solutions can significantly reduce energy bills and carbon emissions while providing quick returns on investment.
Energy conservation refers to efforts made to reduce energy consumption through more efficient energy use and decreased energy consumption from conventional sources. This can increase financial, environmental, and human well-being. Individuals and organizations conserve energy to reduce costs and increase economic security, while industrial and commercial users aim to maximize profits. Passive solar building design techniques allow buildings to collect, store, and distribute solar energy for heating and cooling. Responsibility for energy conservation in the UK falls primarily to the Department of Energy and Climate Change.
This document discusses energy efficiency in hospitals through building design and operations. It outlines the importance of energy efficiency in hospitals, as energy consumption accounts for a large portion of hospital costs. Designing hospitals to maximize daylight, optimize HVAC and lighting systems, and utilize energy recovery can significantly reduce energy use. Specific measures mentioned include installing efficient LED lighting, optimizing insulation and windows, recovering heat from sterilization processes, and utilizing building automation for HVAC and lighting control. The document emphasizes that improving energy efficiency in hospitals can lower costs while enhancing patient and staff comfort.
Highlights of the Kuwait HVAC&R Conference 2017Swati Warang
A brief-overview of the highlights of the 2nd kuwait HVAC&R Conference, a confluence of ideas to improve HVAC system efficiency and implement best practices in construction.
This document provides information about Atlas Companies and their energy services. It summarizes that Atlas has over 18 megawatts of solar projects installed in Ohio, accounting for almost 20% of the state's capacity. It also details Atlas' 35+ years of energy auditing and retrofitting experience across various sectors including naval bases, schools, hospitals and more. Finally, it promotes Atlas' energy assistance services for Ukraine and encourages joining the International Energy Agency.
The document discusses the importance of energy conservation as the best alternative energy option available. It outlines a two-step program implemented by the Energy Conservation Department to encourage energy saving behaviors through technical assistance and audits of industrial and commercial facilities. The program involves general analysis and complete energy audits to identify recommendations to save energy through improvements to lighting, motors, air compressors and other systems. Successful implementation of recommendations at some facilities resulted in over 1MW of power savings.
Energy Performance Evaluation of Retail Outlets – Case Study of anAir- Condit...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an energy audit conducted on an air-conditioned supermarket in Kerala, India. The audit found that air conditioning and refrigeration systems accounted for the majority of energy consumption. Specific energy consumption of the supermarket was calculated to be 295 kWh/m2 per year. Through recommended energy efficiency measures and a proposed 25 kW solar PV system, annual energy consumption could be reduced by over 11,000 kWh and carbon emissions offset by 21.5 tons, with a simple payback period of under 6 years for the solar investment. Thermal imaging identified overheating issues in deep freezer compressors. Overall the audit identified significant potential for energy savings and on-site renewable energy generation at the supermarket.
IRJET- Energy Efficient and Sustainable BuildingsIRJET Journal
This document discusses energy efficient and sustainable (green) buildings. It begins by noting that buildings consume around 40% of the world's total energy from non-renewable sources. The document then outlines some of the key objectives and practices of green buildings, such as being energy efficient, using eco-friendly materials, and providing good indoor environmental quality. Specific green building techniques discussed include passive solar heating and cooling, water conservation practices, and using non-conventional energy sources like solar cells. The document also briefly discusses some common green building rating systems in India like GRIHA, IGBC and BEE. It concludes by noting that green building regulations should be enforced to promote more sustainable construction.
IRJET- ZERO ENERGY HOMES: an Initiative to Sustainable EnvironmentIRJET Journal
This document discusses the concept and design of a zero energy home in India. It begins with an abstract that defines a zero energy building as one with greatly reduced energy needs through efficiency such that the balance can be supplied by renewable technologies. The document then provides details on the design of a proposed zero energy home, including components like walls/roofing made of hollow clay bricks and glazing, a solar power generation system, a domestic hot water system, greywater and rainwater harvesting systems. It calculates the home's expected energy consumption and production from solar panels. The goal is to design a home that produces as much or more energy annually than it consumes.
IRJET- Analysis of Energy - Efficient Measures for Architectural BuildingIRJET Journal
This document analyzes energy efficient measures that can be implemented in commercial buildings in India to reduce energy consumption. It finds that commercial buildings account for 50% of electricity use in India due to widespread air conditioning. Potential measures discussed include installing electronic ballasts for fluorescent lights, implementing air-to-air heat recovery systems, optimizing control sequences for multiple identical chillers, and using variable speed drives for equipment like chillers and pumps. Modeling shows the control sequence optimization and variable speed drives for chillers have payback periods of under 3 years, making them highly cost-effective options.
The document discusses a workshop on energy optimisation to be held in Port Harcourt, Nigeria from November 29th to December 2nd 2022. It defines energy optimisation and energy efficiency, and explains their importance in reducing energy costs, carbon emissions, and climate impacts. It provides tips on optimising energy like shutting down computers and using power strips, and discusses energy labels, ratings, policies, and optimising combustion in boilers.
Energy conservation refers to efforts to reduce energy consumption through more efficient use and decreased use of conventional energy sources. This can provide financial, environmental, and security benefits. At the household level, energy conservation includes proper use and maintenance of appliances like refrigerators and washing machines, efficient lighting, and passive solar building design. Responsibility for energy policy in the UK falls mainly to the Department of Energy and Climate Change, along with other departments. Energy conservation is important at various levels including household, community, industry, and transportation.
This document summarizes a GHG emissions assessment for Viva Tierra's office in Sedro Woolley, Washington. Transportation emissions from employee commuting and business travel were the largest source at 21,867 lbs of CO2. Purchased electricity was the second largest at 10,212 lbs. Other sources included water use at 192 lbs and utilities. Suggestions are made to further reduce emissions from HVAC, appliances, lighting, and encourage carpooling or offsets. The overall assessment finds Viva Tierra has made good progress in reducing emissions through solar panels and efficiency measures.
Emission and mitigation eshan ahuja presentationeshanahuja
- The document discusses strategies to reduce carbon emissions from households in Australia. It analyzes the carbon footprint of the author's current and previous residences using different carbon calculators.
- Various technologies and their impacts on emissions are compared between the residences. Proposed strategies include improving insulation, using efficient appliances and heating/cooling systems, installing solar panels, and changing habits around food, transportation and waste.
- Implementing all proposed strategies could potentially reduce the author's carbon emissions by over 7 tons per year according to the analysis. A combination of technological and behavioral strategies is recommended for maximum impact.
This document provides recommendations for saving electricity and air consumption in machine shops. It lists 12 ways to reduce energy usage, such as switching off lights when not needed, turning off equipment when not in use, reducing closing delays on automatic doors, cleaning and maintaining equipment regularly, installing insulation, replacing lights with LED bulbs, using natural airflow, checking air conditioning lines, optimizing appliance settings, making conservation a collaborative effort, using renewable energy sources, and properly maintaining airlocks, windows, and air exhaust systems. The overall goal is to cut costs and reduce the burden on utility companies by improving energy efficiency in machine shop operations.
Removal of Reactive dyes from wastewater by Adsorption process.pptxEr. Rahul Jarariya
This document discusses the removal of dyes from wastewater using adsorption processes. It lists various adsorbents derived from plant materials that can be used, such as leaves from trees like Aegle marmelos, Artocarpus heterophyllus, and Azadirachta indica. It also lists activated carbons and modified leaf powders that are effective adsorbents. Finally, it defines various terms related to adsorption processes, kinetics, and isotherm models.
Calculus involves the study of limits, derivatives, and integrals to understand changes in quantities. It was developed by Newton and Leibniz and is divided into differential and integral calculus. Differential calculus examines rates of change, while integral calculus concerns quantities given rates of change. Calculus is applied in fields like science, technology, physics, and engineering to model real-world systems and problems.
Polynomials are algebraic expressions consisting of variables, constants, and exponents combined using operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They are classified based on the number of terms as monomials, binomials, or trinomials. The degree of a polynomial refers to the highest exponent present. Common polynomial operations include adding and subtracting like terms, multiplying polynomials according to distributive properties, and using long division to divide polynomials. Division of polynomials does not always result in another polynomial.
The National Board of Accreditation (NBA) is one of two principal organizations that accredits higher education institutions in India. NBA specifically accredits technical programs like engineering and management, whereas NAAC accredits general schools and universities. NBA's major objectives are to assess and accredit technical education programs based on guidelines, evolve standards and parameters for assessment, and promote excellence in technical education. The organizational structure of NBA is headed by a General Council and Executive Committee that oversee its activities and services. The accreditation procedure involves registration, completing a pre-qualifier form, and submitting documents for assessment.
FTIR spectroscopy involves using infrared light to analyze materials. It works by passing infrared light through a sample and measuring the vibrations and rotations of molecules to determine chemical structure. Common applications of FTIR spectroscopy include identifying polymers, analyzing pharmaceuticals and contaminants, monitoring emissions, and performing quality control tests of materials.
This document provides an overview of patent laws and intellectual property rights in India. It explains that a patent gives an owner legal rights to exclude others from an invention for a limited time period in exchange for publicly disclosing the invention. The document discusses India's priority on overseas markets like the UK and the importance of understanding and enforcing intellectual property rights in India. It also summarizes India's patent history and current government laws around patents, the patent application process, costs associated with patents, alternatives to patents, benefits and criticisms of the patent system.
The document describes the SNAMPROGETTI urea production process. It includes details on the main sections of a urea plant like CO2 compression, high pressure synthesis loop, and vacuum evaporation. It provides production rates for two lines at the facility totaling over 6,000 tons per day. The document outlines the key chemical reactions in urea synthesis and describes the high pressure, medium pressure, and low pressure sections of the process.
This document contains information on various tractor models from different manufacturers in India. It provides details like manufacturer name and address, tractor make and model, MRP range, online price, engine power specifications, and test report details for each tractor model. There are over 50 tractor models listed from manufacturers like Action Construction Equipment, Adico Escorts, Agri King, Captain Tractors, CNH Industrial (New Holland), Eicher Tractors and more. The document acts as a comparative listing with key specifications of popular tractor models currently available in the Indian market.
This document lists 47 manufacturers of agricultural equipment in India. It provides their contact information, location, and prices for various equipment models including rotavators, zero till drills, happy seeders, and paddy straw choppers. The price ranges given are generally between Rs. 80,000 to Rs. 1,50,000 depending on the equipment type and specifications. The majority of the listed manufacturers are located in the states of Punjab, Haryana, and nearby regions.
Calculus is the major part of Mathematis. This theoretical presentation covered all relevant definations and systematic review points about calculus. It also brings and promote you towards in advance mathematics.
Calculus is a branch of mathematics that deals with change and motion. It involves the study of limits, derivatives, and integrals. The fundamental theorem of calculus connects differentiation and integration and allows us to solve many problems involving rates of change.
This document provides the text of the Constitution of India as amended up to and including the Constitution (One Hundred and Fourth Amendment) Act, 2019. It includes a preface describing the contents and amendments incorporated. The main body of the document contains the text of the Constitution, organized into Parts dealing with topics like the Union and its territory, citizenship, fundamental rights, directive principles of state policy, the Union executive and Parliament. It provides the framework for governance and protection of fundamental rights and duties of citizens in India.
Wastewater Treatment: Definition, Process Steps, Design Considerations, Plant Types (With PDF)
Written by Anup Kumar Deyin Civil,Construction,Mechanical,Piping Interface,Process
Wastewater treatment is a process to treat sewage or wastewater to remove suspended solid contaminants and convert them into an effluent that can be discharged back to the environment with acceptable impact. The plants where the wastewater treatment process takes place are popularly known as Wastewater treatment plants, Water resource recovery facilities, or Sewage Treatment Plants. Pollutants present in wastewater can negatively impact the environment and human health. So, these must be removed, broken down, or converted during the treatment process. Typical pollutants that are normally present in wastewater are:
Bacteria, viruses, and disease-causing pathogens.
helminths (intestinal worms and worm-like parasites)
Toxic Chlorine compounds and inorganic chloramines.
Metals possessing toxic effects like mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic.
Decaying organic matter and debris.
oils and greases.
Toxic chemicals like PCBs, PAHs, dioxins, furans, pesticides, phenols, etc.
Some pharmaceutical and personal care products
Wastewater Treatment: Definition, Process Steps, Design Considerations, Plant Types (With PDF)
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Wastewater treatment is a process to treat sewage or wastewater to remove suspended solid contaminants and convert them into an effluent that can be discharged back to the environment with acceptable impact. The plants where the wastewater treatment process takes place are popularly known as Wastewater treatment plants, Water resource recovery facilities, or Sewage Treatment Plants. Pollutants present in wastewater can negatively impact the environment and human health. So, these must be removed, broken down, or converted during the treatment process. Typical pollutants that are normally present in wastewater are:
Bacteria, viruses, and disease-causing pathogens.
helminths (intestinal worms and worm-like parasites)
Toxic Chlorine compounds and inorganic chloramines.
Metals possessing toxic effects like mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic.
Decaying organic matter and debris.
oils and greases.
Toxic chemicals like PCBs, PAHs, dioxins, furans, pesticides, phenols, etc.
Some pharmaceutical and personal care products
It is part of Chemical Engineering. A lot of toxic released from Chemical Industries. How to reduce that wastewater effluent. All the techniques and measurements are included in this presentation.
Industrial Effluent Treatment by Modern Techniques.pptEr. Rahul Jarariya
Effluent Treatment Plant or ETP is one type of waste water treatment method which is particularly designed to purify industrial wastewater for its reuse and its aim is to release safe water to the environment from the harmful effect caused by the effluent. Helping achieve a greener society.
Effluent Treatment Plant or ETP is one type of waste water treatment method which is particularly designed to purify industrial wastewater for its reuse and its aim is to release safe water to the environment from the harmful effect caused by the effluent. Helping achieve a greener society
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
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Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
AI in customer support Use cases solutions development and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
AI in customer support will integrate with emerging technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) to enhance service delivery. AR-enabled smart glasses or VR environments will provide immersive support experiences, allowing customers to visualize solutions, receive step-by-step guidance, and interact with virtual support agents in real-time. These technologies will bridge the gap between physical and digital experiences, offering innovative ways to resolve issues, demonstrate products, and deliver personalized training and support.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/ai-in-customer-support/#How-does-AI-work-in-customer-support
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Levelised Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) Calculator ManualMassimo Talia
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using low-temperature electrolysis considering different sources of electricity
1. VISHWAKARMA GOVERNMENT
ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
CHANDKHEDA, AHMEDABAD
DEPARTMENT
OF
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
SUBJECT: CLEANER PRODUCTION
SUBJECT CODE: 3723023
EXPERIMENT 4
ENERGY AUDIT
SUBMITTED BY
RAHUL JARARIYA
En. No. 200170730001
SUBMITTED TO
PROF. PARIN SHAH
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ENERGY AUDIT
UNDERSTANDING ENERGY AUDIT
The Energy audit is defined as Conduct a simple walk-through audit of observation of the
energy consumption of electrical applications within the customs department building.
Review and analyse energy usage history to create a baseline for which savings can be
measured in the audited building.
Determine what can be done to reduce energy consumption throughout the buildings and what
options are available for system improvements if funding is available.
Identify and evaluate measures that could improve the environmental performance of the
buildings/wards and provide recommendations.
INTERPRETATION
Energy Conservation means steps taken to reduce and to use as much energy as necessary
through changing energy consumption behaviour, e.g., Switching off lights when not in use.
Energy Efficiency means using less energy to provide the same service/output, e.g., Replacing
inefficient light bulbs with efficient ones.
Faulty means an equipment not working or made correctly; having defects.
Potential savings means the actual reduction in operating expenses from the improved energy
efficiency generated by an energy conservation or efficiency activity.
Retrofitting means upgrading an existing system to improve energy efficiency.
Tariff means the amount of money charge by the supplier (utility) per kWh for the use of
electrical energy.
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Vampire Load means the way power is consumed by electronic and electrical appliances while
they are switched off or in standby mode (consuming electricity at a cost but not doing any
work).
Recommendations:
RECOMMENDATIONS
CATEGORY A CATEGORY B CATEGORY C
Apply energy conservation
measures. Isolate or unplug
vampire loads from power when
not in use (i.e., rechargeable
equipment, computer and any
other electronic devices with
standby modes).
Establish Energy Efficiency and
conservation to take lead with
EE&C initiatives and management
within the Customs Department
buildings.
Where applicable, replace all
double frame light fittings *double
tube) with single frame (Single
tube) throughout the building.
Also remove unnecessary lights or
reduce the number of lights per
location.
Remove faulty light holders and
bulbs or remove wire from socket
inside the light holder.
Renovate or improve the lighting
control, i.e., add more switches to
existing rooms where only one
switch controls more than 10
lights, especially the lights in the
conference room.
Replace all lights with energy
efficient light bulbs, i.e., Replace
T8 and T12 fluorescent with T5
retrofits.
Remove any faulty applications
located in the building.
Use fans in places where possible
(especially in unsealed room,
indoor corridor, conference room,
etc.)
The conservation and efficiency
mechanisms are tools for reducing
the energy consumption.
Isolate or unplug faulty air
conditioners if found within the
building (workings but no cold air
coming out) and OR service the
air conditioner units quarterly.
Remove air conditioner if the
room is very poorly sealed (i.e., if
the room has no seals on the door
and frequently open at times. )
Replace old existing outdoor air
conditioner units with efficient
ones.
Findings:
VAMPIRE LOADS FINDINGS
ISSUES OPTIONS
• Electronics applications (computer, printer,
etc.) are still ON even though they are turned
off.
• Applications on standby mode are draining
power even though they are not doing any
use full task.
• Hot water boilers are also considered as
vampire loads when life to ‘keep the water
hot’.
• Faulty light fittings which are left without
bulb and faulty bulb which is intact are also
vampire loads.
• All Electronic application should always be
‘unplugged’ or turned from the power
sockets, after office hours.
• Try to avoid putting applications on ‘Standby
mode’
• Only use hot water heater to boil water
instead of leaving it to’ Keep water hot’
• Remove faulty lightings.
LIGHTING
ISSUES OPTIONS
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• It has been observed there are a lot
of unnecessary light in one single
room.
• Turn OFF lights when not used.
• Reduce the number of lights per
switch, to better manage lighting.
• Too many lights are assigned to 1
switch.
• Reduce the number of lights per
room.
FACULTY LIGHTSOPTIONS
ISSUES OPTIONS
• Ballets of faulty light will draw power when
the lights are ON even though it is not
working.
• Disconnect the live wire connected to the
faulty light bulb to avoid leakage of energy.
AIR CONDITIONERS
ISSUES OPTIONS
• Brand and model not consistent throughout
the building which is expensive for
maintenance.
• Officers leaving the door open when entering
and exiting the room where the air
conditioner is located.
• Windows and doors of the air-conditioned
rooms not sealed properly i.e., using louvers
is ‘highly Not recommended’.
• Use same brand throughout (cheap for
maintenance cost).
• It is recommended that the air conditioners
be serviced quarterly.
• Use sealed glass windows and sealed glass
doors.
• Always close door when entering exiting an
air – conditioners room (put a notice on the
front and back of the door as a remainder.
• Keep and maintain the temperature at 23℃
during summer and occasionally used in
winder.
• Switch OFF when not in use but avoid
reducing to a lower temperature and leave it
ON.
• Use electric fan whenever possible.
• Use outside breeze, when possible, should
the air conditioner be turned off completely
to minimize the cost of electricity.
• Installation of correct sizing of air
conditioner in the rooms.
• All installed air conditioners should be
service at least twice or three times a year.
OFFICE EQUIPMENT
ISSUES OPTION
• Most of the office equipment are usually
left without turning them off after working
hours and are using electricity as Vampire
loads.
• Electronics applications (Computer, printer,
etc.) are still ON when connected to power
point even though they are turned off.
• All office equipment such as printers,
computers i.e., monitor, etc. must be turned
off on the power point unplug from the
power point.
• Avoid putting equipment on ‘STANDBY
MODE’
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Objective of Energy Audit in chemical Industry:
The primary objective of energy auditing in chemical industry ways to reduce energy
consumption per unit of produce output or to lower its operating costs. The energy audit
evaluates the efficiency of all building and process systems that use energy. ISSUES
Steps of making energy audit in an industry:
1. Audit criteria, selection of audit team.
2. Audit plan.
3. Measurements
4. Preliminary analysis.
5. Patterns.
6. Identifying energy.
7. Writing audit energy.
8. Implementation.
PROJECTIONS:
India is projected to sustain the world’s second highest rate of gross domestic product (GDP)
growth, averaging 5.6 % per year. India’s economic growth over the next 25 year is expected
to drive more from light manufacturing and services than from heavy industry, so that the
industrial share of total energy consumption falls from 72% in 2006 to 64% in 2030.
The changes are accompanied by shifts in India’s industrial fuel mix, with electricity use
growing more rapidly than coal use in the industrial sector. The Indian chemical industry was
the 5th
largest in the world, and 2nd
largest in Asia, after China. The volume of major chemicals
produced in India amounted to 8.3 million metric tons (MMT) in 2011-2012.
The energy conservation and utilization of renewable sources are essential factor to fulfill
energy demand. Renewable energy and nuclear power are the world’s fastest growing energy
sources, each increasing by 2.5 % per year. Among the various sectors contributing to
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the contributing of the industrial sector was significant.
Thus, mitigating GHG emission from the Industrial sector offers the best means of reducing
overall GHG emissions. Therefore, energy conservation means less reliance on energy imports
and, thus less GHG emissions. It can be achieved either by reducing total energy use or by
increasing the production rate per unit of energy used. On the other hand, improving energy
efficiency is the key to reducing GHG emission.
AUDIT IMPLEMENTATION ANALYSIS IN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY:
Henkel Chemical Corporation is a producer of specialty chemicals located in Cedartown,
Georgia. The plant was originally constructed in 1900 as a textile finishing mill and was
converted to a chemical plant in 1937. Several years ago, the facility underwent a $25 million
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renovation which doubled plant capacity and reduced the workforce to the current level of 125
employees. Approximately 200 different products are formulated at this location, and the plant
contains a large number of chemical reactors and raw-material storage tanks.
Steam is an integral part of the production process because all raw material blends are heated
to yield the desired final product. This year alone the Cedartown plant will consume over 100
million pounds of steam for the dual purposes of plant and process heating.
Because a considerable amount of steam is employed for raw material and product heat tracing,
winter steam demand is 4 to 5 times greater than summer. With annual energy expenditures
exceeding $1 million, group managers recognized the negative impact energy waste could have
on company profits. To help site engineers improve the effectiveness of their conservation
efforts, Georgia Tech conducted a facility wide energy audit in the fall of 1993.
ENERGY AUDIT RECOMMENDATIONS
The energy audit was performed through Georgia Tech's Energy Analysis and Diagnostic
Centre in the fall of 1993. Table shows the recommendations contained in the report. The audit
revealed nine cost-effective recommendations worthy of consideration. The recommendations
fell into three broad classes: steam system, lighting, and miscellaneous electrical
improvements. Estimated energy savings for the plant 20.6 percent.
S.No. Recommendation
Energy Savings
(kWh)
Simple Payback
(Years)
1 Downsize boiler 36,634 1.9
2 Increase condensate return 2760 0.7
3 Repair steam leaks 5626 0.1
4 Install Energy Efficient lighting and
Electronic Ballasts
278 2.8
5 Replace incandescent with
fluorescent lighting
46 1.0
6 Replace mercury vapor with Metal
Halide lighting
49 2.9
7 Use High Efficiency Motors 125 2.8
8 Relocate compressed air Intake 83 0.2
Lighting Recommendations
Three recommendations involved improvements to the plant's lighting system. The measures
were use of energy-efficient lamps and electronic ballasts in fluorescent fixtures, replace
existing incandescent lighting with fluorescent, and replace mercury vapor lighting with metal
halide. The use of energy-efficient fluorescent lamps and electronic ballasts can reduce
fluorescent light energy consumption by 14 to 43 percent per fixture. The plant uses a variety
of eight-foot and four-foot fluorescent fixtures in offices and warehouses throughout the
facility. Lamps in four-foot fixtures can be replaced with T8 lamps that are one inch in diameter
and rated at 32 watts each. The eight-foot lamps should be replaced with energy efficient lamps
that are rated at 60 watts each. The stockroom at the plant is fluently lighted with 15 ISO-watt
incandescent lamps. If these fixtures were replaced with fluorescent fixtures on an equivalent
lumen basis, only six two-lamp, eight-foot fixtures would be needed. This leads to a savings of
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13,469 kWh/yr. In addition, fluorescent lamps last up to ten times longer than incandescent
lamps. The drumming area is currently lighted with 250-watt mercury vapor lamps. Metal
halide lamps are available as a direct replacement for the mercury vapor lamps. The lamps,
rated at 215 watts, will provide as much light as the mercury vapor lamps and allow a reduction
of 35 watts per lamp. The mercury vapor lamps should be replaced with metal halide as they
burn out.
Miscellaneous Electrical Recommendations
Two other measures, using high efficiency motors and relocating the compressed air intake,
were included in the energy audit. High efficiency motors, which are 2-3 percent more efficient
than standard motors, were recommended as replacements when the standard efficiency motors
fail.
Relocating the compressed air intake from an indoor to an outdoor location, preferably a shady
location with northern exposure, will result in energy savings. Moving intakes outdoors results
in cooler air intake temperatures throughout the year. Less work is required to compress the
cooler air, thereby saving energy. Although the savings associated with this measure is small,
the associated capital expenditure is also usually low.
CONCLUSION
While energy audits provide a comprehensive plan for energy management, generation of
actual savings depends on proper implementation. This analysis found energy savings had been
achieved at the plant analysed, though not up to the level expected.
Two conclusions can be deduced from this outcome. First, industrial plants are extremely
complex operations and that was calculated energy savings after a one-day audit may not be
highly accurate. Maintenance items like steam and air leaks and leaking steam traps may be
especially difficult to assess accurately. Second, failure to achieve estimated savings could be
due to the misapplication of the specified conservation technology. Continued tracking of
energy efficiency is helpful in determining if implemented measures are effective and still
active. Plant personnel need to be aggressive in tracking savings resulting from audit
implementation. A normalized measure, like production efficiency, can be used to determine
if savings estimates are being achieved.
References:
1. Singh, M., Singh, G. and Singh, H., 2012. Energy audit: A case study to reduce lighting
cost. Asian Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology.
2. Baskar, R.H., Mittal, H., Narkhede, M.S. and Chatterji, S., 2014. Energy audit—A case
study. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering.
3. Dall'O, G., 2013. Green Energy Audit of Buildings-A Guide for a Sunstainable Energy
Audit of Buildings, Springer-Verlag.
4. Harris, J., Anderson, J. and Shafron, W., 2000. Investment in energy efficiency: a
survey of Australian firms. Energy Policy.
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5. Michael L. Brown, Georgia Tech Economic Development Institute. A Case study -
AUDIT IMPLEMENTATION ANALYSIS FORA CHEMICAL PLANT.