The document discusses the definition and classification of hospitals, particularly focusing on multi-speciality hospitals which offer integrated medical services and personalized care. It outlines the benefits of choosing multi-specialty facilities over traditional hospitals, including cost efficiency, coordinated care, and comprehensive treatment for various conditions. Additionally, it covers the evolving role of hospitals towards preventive care, community health, and the importance of thoughtful hospital planning and design to meet healthcare demands.

1. HOSPITAL DESIGN
DATA COLLECTION
BY- SHERYL SHEKINAH, MOKSHITHA.G , NEENA.B .

2. Definition of a hospital :
• ‘A hospital is a residential establishment which provides short term and long term
medical care consisting of observational , diagnostic, therapeutic and
rehabilitative services for persons suffering or suspecting to be suffering from
disease or injury and for parturients . It may or may not also provide services for
ambulatory patients on an out patient basis.’

3. Classification of hospital :

6. What is a multi-speciality hospital:
• A multi speciality hospital is one that has facilities for all ailments and diseases
with an expert team of specialists.
• The patients are so immensely taken care of with air conditioned rooms and
canteens inside and personalized care .

7. 5 MAJOR BENEFITS OF OPTING FOR A MULTISPECIALITY
HOSPITAL OVERTRADITIONAL HOSPITALS:
• 1.Easy treatments at affordable costs: Suppose , if you visit four different hospitals for
different medical treatments , you will spend a significant amount of money at each of
those hospitals while having to update every doctor of the treatments you are taking
from the rest of the three doctors . But if you visit a hospital that provides specialist
treatments for all those four medical conditions at the same place , you won’t have to
visit any other hospitals ever . And since all individual units are linked and centralised in
a Multispeciality facility, all doctors will be aware of your ongoing treatments and
conditions and will even coordinate to give you the best possible treatments.
• 2.Larger teams with multiple specialities:The biggest problem most patients face is
when they are admitted to a traditional hospital and are told to a different speciality
hospital after diagnosis due to unavailability of the required doctors or staff.This
problem is significantly tackled in a multispeciality hospital where specialists from
various fields come together to diagnose and treat you without moving you around.

8. • 3.Varied Equipment available Under one Roof : Another problem for patients who
need to perform multiple tests for a condition is finding different testing centres ,
diagnostic imaging centres, and speciality hospitals that have the required
equipment and staff for those tests.
• 4.Treating different lifestyle diseases simultaneously :The biggest medical crisis
of the 21st
century which led to an exponential rise in the number of patients
suffering from lifestyle diseases .These are the diseases of the heart, bones ,
teeth, eyes etc. instead of moving from doctor to doctor , at multispeciality
facilities, you will get a comprehensive treatment solution where all your lifestyle
diseases will be treated simultaneously.

9. • 5.Better Integration with insurance companies : A singular speciality hospital will
collaborate with insurance companies that cover their treatments only . Since that
isn’t the case with multispeciality hospitals, they tend to work with numerous
insurance companies that would cover their varied medical treatments individually
or in totality.

10. Functions of a hospital :

11. Hospital function:
• 1.Intramural –services within the wall of hospital .
• 2.Extramural-services outside the wall of hospitals. Eg: OPD , outreach services ,
medical camps, immunization program.
• INTRAMURAL FUNCTIONS:
• i.Therapeutic –
• Diagnostic
• Curative
• Rehabilitative
• Care of emergencies

12. • ii. Preventive –
• Antenatal and postnatal services
• Well baby clinics and immunization schedule .
• Family welfare services
• Control of communicable diseases
• Health education

13. • iii. Education -
• Medical : Undergraduate , post graduate , and post doctoral.
• Nursing education : undergraduate , post graduate and doctoral.
• Speciality
• Paramedical
• Community health
• iv. Research-
• Clinical medicine
• Hospital administration

14. • 2.EXTRA MURAL FUCNTIONS
• Outpatient services
• Home care / outreach/ domiciliary services

15. THE CHANGING ROLE OF HOPITAL :
• The role of hospitals has changed with emphasis shifting from:
• Curative to preventive .
• In patient care to out patient and home care .
• Acute to chronic illness
• Tertiary and secondary to primary health care .

16. The important factors that have led to
changing role and functions of hospital:
• Expansion of climate from dying and destitute to all classes of people .
• Improved socio- economic status.
• Increased health awareness .
• Government ‘s duty to provide comprehensive health care .
• Improved transportation and communication services . Rapid advances in medical
science and technology .
• Increase in population leading to increase in demand for hospital beds.
• Reorientation of health care delivery system with an emphasis on primary health
care.

17. PLANING OFTHE HOSPITAL:
• 1. planning of the hospital should include:
• A survey for needs of the hospital in an area and availability of land and basic
amenities like land , water , electricity etc.
• Availability of adequate funds for construction , operation and maintenance.
• Scope for expansion to keep pace with changing medical and social patterns .
• Appropriate distribution of beds, e.g. medical , surgical and paediatirc as per sex
ratio – male female
• 2. Regional planning:

18. ELEMENTS AND DIVISIONS IN A
HOSPITAL:

52. BED DISTRIBUTION:
• The functions of the hospital revolve around the total no of beds and their
distribution within various depart and services.
• The no of beds in a hospital is the yardstick applied when referring to the size of
the hospital , its various services , occupancy rate etc.
• Types of bed accomodations
• Bed distribution by services
• Space requirements.

54. Hospital planning staging :

56. Space requirement for some basic
departments:

58. Room planning according to grid:
• Expanding on this with the addition of the
access corridor and stringing the rooms out in
line , as in the plan below , we see how the
planning grid starts taking from . Looking more
closely at this plan we can see something
important has been determined , namely , the
position of the columns that will support the
building .We can thus see how the structural
grid , the network of lines defining the location
of columns , has been derived from the
planning grid .the structural grid need not
necessarily be the same as the planning grid ,
but is usually derived from it.

59. Building must be :
• Maintenance free
• Environment friendly
• Minimum energy expenditure for ambient light and climate control
• Functional segregation
• Emergency exits , ramps , fire alarms
• Disabled friendly