EnerBurn is a fuel-borne combustion accelerator that doubles the rate of combustion through a nano-scale catalytic coating on combustion chamber surfaces. This allows the engine to produce more power with the same fuel, increasing fuel efficiency. Exhaust temperatures are reduced by 40-44 degrees F due to increased work conversion earlier in the combustion cycle. Emissions are reduced through more complete combustion at lower operating temperatures and pressures. EnerBurn has been used commercially in vehicles, construction equipment, locomotives, and marine engines since 2001, proving its technology over billions of miles with no reported issues.
This document summarizes the key details of Hyundai-Kia's new 1.0L three-cylinder gasoline engine. The engine was designed with fuel efficiency and emissions reductions in mind to meet increasing regulations. A three-cylinder configuration was chosen over a two or four-cylinder design based on its balance of performance, fuel economy, noise vibration and harshness, costs, and other factors. The engine utilizes various technologies including an aluminum alloy block, offset crankshaft, low-friction bearings, and dual continuously variable valve timing to achieve high power and torque while improving fuel efficiency.
1. The document provides information on Hyundai's Kappa engine series, including specifications for the 1.2L, 1.25L, and 1.4L gasoline engines as well as the 1.4L and 1.6L diesel engines.
2. It describes the key features of the Kappa engine, such as its aluminum block construction, timing chain, offset crankshaft, and reversed intake/exhaust layout.
3. Tables and diagrams show the specifications and components of the Kappa engine, including the cylinder head design, valve train, fuel delivery system, and engine management sensors.
The document discusses using Zero Stage technology to improve the efficiency and reduce emissions of existing legacy gas turbines used to power compressor stations along pipelines. It works by adding an external compression stage before the gas turbine to optimize combustion conditions and allow the turbine to operate continuously at its most efficient design point, resulting in reduced emissions and increased power output. This can extend the life of older turbines and increase pipeline capacity at a much lower cost than replacement while achieving over 50% reductions in emissions.
Caterpillar's dynamic gas blending technology allows engines to use natural gas and diesel simultaneously. It provides customers savings through lower fuel costs and helps meet emissions regulations. Caterpillar's system has superior gas substitution tolerance and factory warranty coverage. The integrated control system optimizes the blend of gases up to 70% gas to maintain power and performance while protecting the engine. Field tests show the technology delivers project success and fuel savings for drilling and production applications.
Thompson's Trucking tested 5 trucks over 63 days to evaluate fuel efficiency before and after installing new systems. On average, they saw a 9.23% improvement in efficiency, saving over 1,800 gallons of fuel worth $13,192. Extrapolating to their full fleet of 100 trucks, the estimated annual savings are over $1.6 million with a return on investment period of under 2 months. The tests showed average per truck fuel savings of over 370 gallons in the 63 day period.
Kia Motors reveals new 1.0l 3 cyl 120 hp engineRushLane
Kia’s all-new 1.0-litre T-GDi (turbo gasoline direct injection) ‘Kappa’ engine will make its world production debut at the 85th Salon International de l’Automobile in Geneva on 3 March 2015.
This document provides specifications for a Caterpillar 3412C generator set. It can generate between 680-900 kVA at 50 Hz. The generator set has a V-12 four-stroke water-cooled diesel engine that is 27.02L in displacement. It also includes a SR500 alternator, EMCP 4 control panel, radiator cooling system, and other standard equipment. Optional equipment can be added such as circuit breakers, exhaust components, and starting/charging systems. Dimensions and performance data are also listed.
Experience Mazda Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and Culture by Visiting and joining the Official Mazda Community at http://www.MazdaCommunity.org for additional insight into the Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and special offers for Mazda Community Members. If you live in Arizona, check out CardinaleWay Mazda's eCommerce website at http://www.Cardinale-Way-Mazda.com
This document summarizes the key details of Hyundai-Kia's new 1.0L three-cylinder gasoline engine. The engine was designed with fuel efficiency and emissions reductions in mind to meet increasing regulations. A three-cylinder configuration was chosen over a two or four-cylinder design based on its balance of performance, fuel economy, noise vibration and harshness, costs, and other factors. The engine utilizes various technologies including an aluminum alloy block, offset crankshaft, low-friction bearings, and dual continuously variable valve timing to achieve high power and torque while improving fuel efficiency.
1. The document provides information on Hyundai's Kappa engine series, including specifications for the 1.2L, 1.25L, and 1.4L gasoline engines as well as the 1.4L and 1.6L diesel engines.
2. It describes the key features of the Kappa engine, such as its aluminum block construction, timing chain, offset crankshaft, and reversed intake/exhaust layout.
3. Tables and diagrams show the specifications and components of the Kappa engine, including the cylinder head design, valve train, fuel delivery system, and engine management sensors.
The document discusses using Zero Stage technology to improve the efficiency and reduce emissions of existing legacy gas turbines used to power compressor stations along pipelines. It works by adding an external compression stage before the gas turbine to optimize combustion conditions and allow the turbine to operate continuously at its most efficient design point, resulting in reduced emissions and increased power output. This can extend the life of older turbines and increase pipeline capacity at a much lower cost than replacement while achieving over 50% reductions in emissions.
Caterpillar's dynamic gas blending technology allows engines to use natural gas and diesel simultaneously. It provides customers savings through lower fuel costs and helps meet emissions regulations. Caterpillar's system has superior gas substitution tolerance and factory warranty coverage. The integrated control system optimizes the blend of gases up to 70% gas to maintain power and performance while protecting the engine. Field tests show the technology delivers project success and fuel savings for drilling and production applications.
Thompson's Trucking tested 5 trucks over 63 days to evaluate fuel efficiency before and after installing new systems. On average, they saw a 9.23% improvement in efficiency, saving over 1,800 gallons of fuel worth $13,192. Extrapolating to their full fleet of 100 trucks, the estimated annual savings are over $1.6 million with a return on investment period of under 2 months. The tests showed average per truck fuel savings of over 370 gallons in the 63 day period.
Kia Motors reveals new 1.0l 3 cyl 120 hp engineRushLane
Kia’s all-new 1.0-litre T-GDi (turbo gasoline direct injection) ‘Kappa’ engine will make its world production debut at the 85th Salon International de l’Automobile in Geneva on 3 March 2015.
This document provides specifications for a Caterpillar 3412C generator set. It can generate between 680-900 kVA at 50 Hz. The generator set has a V-12 four-stroke water-cooled diesel engine that is 27.02L in displacement. It also includes a SR500 alternator, EMCP 4 control panel, radiator cooling system, and other standard equipment. Optional equipment can be added such as circuit breakers, exhaust components, and starting/charging systems. Dimensions and performance data are also listed.
Experience Mazda Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and Culture by Visiting and joining the Official Mazda Community at http://www.MazdaCommunity.org for additional insight into the Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and special offers for Mazda Community Members. If you live in Arizona, check out CardinaleWay Mazda's eCommerce website at http://www.Cardinale-Way-Mazda.com
Presentation delivered at HEI - Energy Session on 4th December 2013 at Stamford Bridge on Combined Heat and Power (CHP) for hospitals.
The presentation gives an outline of CHP technology along with cost and carbon saving implications. Finally the presentation highlights case studies for hospital cogeneration applications in the UK including Guy's & St Thomas', Broad Green, Great Ormond Street and More
Combined numerical experimental study of dual fuel diesel engine to discuss t...Shans Shakkeer
It is my m.tech seminar presentation,on the basis of a study carried out by Carmelina Abagnale a, Maria Cristina Cameretti a,Luigi De Simio b, Michele Gambino b, Sabatino Iannaccone b, Raffaele Tuccillo ( Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy b Istituto Motori, C.N.R., Napoli, Italy ) were presented in 68th Conference of the Italian Thermal Machines Engineering Association, ATI2013, and Published by Elsevier ltd. in 2013
Petroleum fuels like gasoline and diesel are refined from crude oil through fractional distillation. Gasoline has a lower boiling point than diesel and is used in spark-ignited engines. Diesel has a higher boiling point and is used in compression-ignition engines where the heat of compression ignites the fuel. Fuel properties like octane number, cetane number, and autoignition temperature determine their suitability for different engine types and affect combustion characteristics like knocking. Additives are used to improve fuel properties.
Performance and emission analysis of four stroke twin spark single cylinder S...ijsrd.com
An internal combustion (IC) engine has a predominant role in a low power generation and a virtual monopoly in mobile applications today. One of the best methods to improve the engine performance and reduce the exhaust emission in a SI engine is by using introduction of twin spark into the combustion chamber. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of twin spark using CNG fuel in SI engine. The performance and emission analysis of an engine are investigated by experiment with CNG kit and gas analyzer. From this study the fuel consumption is reduce in twin spark arrangement for the same power output as compare to single spark using both of the fuel gasoline as well as CNG. Engine emission is considerably reduced using twin spark plug.
Native Power Technology Co., Ltd. is a leading provider of natural gas conversion systems and related equipment for the oil and gas industries. They supply bi-fuel systems which allow diesel engines to run on a combination of diesel and natural gas. The bi-fuel systems can reduce fuel costs and emissions. They have various kit sizes to accommodate engines from 225HP to 4000HP. The bi-fuel systems typically pay for themselves within a year due to the savings from using lower-cost natural gas for up to 70% of the fuel.
IRJET- Design and Development of Engine with Ejector for Mixing Nano Air-...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that designed and developed a diesel engine with an ejector to mix nano air-bubbles into the fuel. The study found that mixing nano air-bubbles into diesel fuel reduced fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Specifically, it reduced brake specific fuel consumption, increased charging efficiency, and slightly reduced exhaust smoke density. These effects occurred because the nano air-bubbles promoted and activated combustion through physical and chemical processes. The study used an in-line ejector-type mixer to continually inject nano air-bubbles into the fuel line. It then tested engine performance and found the above benefits.
This document proposes applying a bi-fuel system to the diesel generators at Faras Power Station in Egypt. A bi-fuel system allows an engine to run on both diesel fuel and natural gas. It was found that converting the generators to run solely on natural gas was not feasible due to the gas' low methane content. A bi-fuel system provides cost savings by reducing diesel consumption by 30-70% while maintaining output power and allowing the generators to still run on 100% diesel if needed. The system components and operation are described along with advantages like reduced emissions and fuel costs.
This document discusses biogas combined heat and power (CHP) systems and lessons learned from case studies. It introduces Clarke Energy as a distributor of GE Jenbacher gas engines and provides information on engine options, sizing engines for biogas, CHP, engine integration, and managing hydrogen sulfide in biogas. Case studies of biogas CHP systems at wastewater treatment plants and municipal waste facilities are also presented. Proper engine selection and maintenance are emphasized for efficient, reliable integration of biogas CHP.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
This summary provides the key points from the document in 3 sentences:
The document presents an experimental study analyzing the impact of different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates on the performance and emissions of a gasoline engine. The study found that EGR rates of 10-30% substantially reduced NOx emissions while also improving brake thermal efficiency and reducing brake specific fuel consumption. The results demonstrate that EGR can effectively reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from gasoline engines without negatively impacting performance.
Octane number shows the ability of a fuel to resist knock (pre-ignition of the fuel) in the Gasoline Engine that needs high compression ratios. the Cetane number is a measure of ignition delay. Higher the cetane number of fuel the shorter the ignition delay, the least time it takes to burn.
The document discusses the use of alcohols, specifically ethanol and methanol, as fuels in internal combustion engines. It notes that alcohols can be produced from renewable sources and have high antiknock characteristics that allow engines to operate with higher compression ratios. While methanol has potential as an alternative fuel, issues like cold starting ability and materials compatibility need to be addressed. Blending methanol with gasoline can help solve some problems but may compromise its emissions benefits. Ethanol is produced through fermentation and can be made from corn, potatoes, and other plant materials. Alcohol fuels can reduce CO and NOx emissions from spark-ignition engines.
This document summarizes a study on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine operating on blends of mahua oil (a vegetable oil) and diesel fuel with varying injection pressures. Tests were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine operated with mahua oil blends including B10, B20, B30, B40 and B100 (100% mahua oil) at injection pressures from 190-240 kg/cm2 and compared to operation on pure diesel. The results showed that a B10 blend could be used at the engine's rated injection pressure of 200 kg/cm2 without significantly affecting performance or emissions compared to diesel. Increasing the injection pressure to 230 kg/cm2 improved brake thermal efficiency up
performance and emission analysis of DTSI enginesaggiii
This document summarizes a presentation on the performance and emission analysis of a DTS-I engine compared to a single spark engine. It discusses the various technologies used in the DTS-I engine like digital twin spark ignition, fuel injection, intelligent CDI, and their advantages over a single spark system. The presentation analyzes brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, volumetric efficiency, emissions, and detonation for the different engines. It finds that the DTS-I engine has better efficiency, lower emissions and reduced detonation compared to the single spark engine. In conclusion, the triple spark ignition technology provides improvements over a conventional single spark ignition system.
The document describes an experimental investigation of exhaust emissions from a petrol engine fumigated with ethanol. Key points:
- The study aimed to test performance and emissions of a dual-fuel engine running on petrol with ethanol or LPG fumigation at various rates and engine speeds.
- Results showed that fumigation reduced fuel consumption, BSFC and emissions of HC, CO and NOx compared to petrol alone. It also increased torque and BMEP.
- Of the two fuels tested, LPG fumigation performed better than ethanol due to LPG's higher calorific value and octane number.
1) The document describes a new test method called OILPAS that measures engine oil aeration through optical imaging of bubbles in a test cell.
2) The OILPAS method dynamically aerates oil samples through agitation and measures the amount of dispersed gas as well as the time required for gas release.
3) Test results on various engine oils showed correlations between OILPAS measurements of aeration and deaeration to results from engine tests, demonstrating its effectiveness as an evaluation method.
The document discusses using blends of jatropha curcas oil and diesel fuel in a compression ignition (CI) engine. It finds that blending the vegetable oil with diesel in ratios of 30-50% by volume significantly reduces the viscosity of the oil. Blends with 30-40% jatropha oil perform similarly to diesel in terms of specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency. Higher blends have poorer performance due to the vegetable oil's high viscosity and low volatility. Heating the blends can further reduce viscosity and improve combustion. Blends containing up to 50% jatropha oil show potential as an alternative fuel for CI engines.
The document discusses integrating solar generation at a thermal power plant to reduce auxiliary power consumption (APC). It proposes mounting solar panels on building roofs and over water reservoirs. This could reduce APC by 1.14%, saving on fuel costs and increasing revenue. Other benefits include earning energy saving certificates, lowering tariffs, and reducing cooling water temperatures. The proposal outlines installing the solar system, potential locations for panels, and interconnecting to the grid and township. Key advantages are listed, along with considerations like maintaining panel efficiency and increased water usage.
IRJET- Optimising the Diesel Additives in a Single Cylinder Diesel EngineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that tested various diesel fuel additives in a single cylinder diesel engine to evaluate performance and emissions. Cyclohexylamine, diethyl ether (DEE), methyl acetate, and amyl alcohol were tested at concentrations of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 ml added to diesel fuel. Testing was conducted across a range of engine loads. Results showed that amyl alcohol provided the best balance of performance and low emissions, with higher thermal efficiency, lower specific fuel consumption and oxides of nitrogen emissions than diesel alone, especially at higher loads. Cyclohexylamine also performed well but had some disadvantages compared to amyl alcohol. Overall, amyl alcohol showed potential as an additive to
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The thrust of the project is to manufacture and sale conversion kit to convert gen sets powered by IC engines from liquid fuel to gaseous fuels like compressed natural (CNG) or renewable natural (RNG) gas.
The main problem with a gaseous fueled versions of IC engines (both gasoline and Diesel) is the improper compression ratio, since the engines used as prototypes were designed and optimized for the use of liquid fuel.
The conversion kit as an external device should provide the correct stoichiometric air-fuel ratio for the engine without serious re-design of an IC engine-prototype. The air-fuel mixture should be compressed in a compound charging device (supercharger and turbocharger) to a certain pressure in order to compensate volumetric losses in engine cylinders and to provide close to optimal stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document provides information on a dissertation project carried out to improve productivity and quality in the production of 7-series grades of carbon black at M/s Hi-Tech Carbon in Renukoot, India. The project involved collecting data on existing grit levels, analyzing potential causes of high grit through a why-why analysis, identifying the root cause using a Pareto diagram, developing and implementing a trial plan with actions to address the root cause, and achieving improved performance with grit levels reduced and Cpk values increased after regular implementation.
Presentation delivered at HEI - Energy Session on 4th December 2013 at Stamford Bridge on Combined Heat and Power (CHP) for hospitals.
The presentation gives an outline of CHP technology along with cost and carbon saving implications. Finally the presentation highlights case studies for hospital cogeneration applications in the UK including Guy's & St Thomas', Broad Green, Great Ormond Street and More
Combined numerical experimental study of dual fuel diesel engine to discuss t...Shans Shakkeer
It is my m.tech seminar presentation,on the basis of a study carried out by Carmelina Abagnale a, Maria Cristina Cameretti a,Luigi De Simio b, Michele Gambino b, Sabatino Iannaccone b, Raffaele Tuccillo ( Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy b Istituto Motori, C.N.R., Napoli, Italy ) were presented in 68th Conference of the Italian Thermal Machines Engineering Association, ATI2013, and Published by Elsevier ltd. in 2013
Petroleum fuels like gasoline and diesel are refined from crude oil through fractional distillation. Gasoline has a lower boiling point than diesel and is used in spark-ignited engines. Diesel has a higher boiling point and is used in compression-ignition engines where the heat of compression ignites the fuel. Fuel properties like octane number, cetane number, and autoignition temperature determine their suitability for different engine types and affect combustion characteristics like knocking. Additives are used to improve fuel properties.
Performance and emission analysis of four stroke twin spark single cylinder S...ijsrd.com
An internal combustion (IC) engine has a predominant role in a low power generation and a virtual monopoly in mobile applications today. One of the best methods to improve the engine performance and reduce the exhaust emission in a SI engine is by using introduction of twin spark into the combustion chamber. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of twin spark using CNG fuel in SI engine. The performance and emission analysis of an engine are investigated by experiment with CNG kit and gas analyzer. From this study the fuel consumption is reduce in twin spark arrangement for the same power output as compare to single spark using both of the fuel gasoline as well as CNG. Engine emission is considerably reduced using twin spark plug.
Native Power Technology Co., Ltd. is a leading provider of natural gas conversion systems and related equipment for the oil and gas industries. They supply bi-fuel systems which allow diesel engines to run on a combination of diesel and natural gas. The bi-fuel systems can reduce fuel costs and emissions. They have various kit sizes to accommodate engines from 225HP to 4000HP. The bi-fuel systems typically pay for themselves within a year due to the savings from using lower-cost natural gas for up to 70% of the fuel.
IRJET- Design and Development of Engine with Ejector for Mixing Nano Air-...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that designed and developed a diesel engine with an ejector to mix nano air-bubbles into the fuel. The study found that mixing nano air-bubbles into diesel fuel reduced fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Specifically, it reduced brake specific fuel consumption, increased charging efficiency, and slightly reduced exhaust smoke density. These effects occurred because the nano air-bubbles promoted and activated combustion through physical and chemical processes. The study used an in-line ejector-type mixer to continually inject nano air-bubbles into the fuel line. It then tested engine performance and found the above benefits.
This document proposes applying a bi-fuel system to the diesel generators at Faras Power Station in Egypt. A bi-fuel system allows an engine to run on both diesel fuel and natural gas. It was found that converting the generators to run solely on natural gas was not feasible due to the gas' low methane content. A bi-fuel system provides cost savings by reducing diesel consumption by 30-70% while maintaining output power and allowing the generators to still run on 100% diesel if needed. The system components and operation are described along with advantages like reduced emissions and fuel costs.
This document discusses biogas combined heat and power (CHP) systems and lessons learned from case studies. It introduces Clarke Energy as a distributor of GE Jenbacher gas engines and provides information on engine options, sizing engines for biogas, CHP, engine integration, and managing hydrogen sulfide in biogas. Case studies of biogas CHP systems at wastewater treatment plants and municipal waste facilities are also presented. Proper engine selection and maintenance are emphasized for efficient, reliable integration of biogas CHP.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
This summary provides the key points from the document in 3 sentences:
The document presents an experimental study analyzing the impact of different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates on the performance and emissions of a gasoline engine. The study found that EGR rates of 10-30% substantially reduced NOx emissions while also improving brake thermal efficiency and reducing brake specific fuel consumption. The results demonstrate that EGR can effectively reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from gasoline engines without negatively impacting performance.
Octane number shows the ability of a fuel to resist knock (pre-ignition of the fuel) in the Gasoline Engine that needs high compression ratios. the Cetane number is a measure of ignition delay. Higher the cetane number of fuel the shorter the ignition delay, the least time it takes to burn.
The document discusses the use of alcohols, specifically ethanol and methanol, as fuels in internal combustion engines. It notes that alcohols can be produced from renewable sources and have high antiknock characteristics that allow engines to operate with higher compression ratios. While methanol has potential as an alternative fuel, issues like cold starting ability and materials compatibility need to be addressed. Blending methanol with gasoline can help solve some problems but may compromise its emissions benefits. Ethanol is produced through fermentation and can be made from corn, potatoes, and other plant materials. Alcohol fuels can reduce CO and NOx emissions from spark-ignition engines.
This document summarizes a study on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine operating on blends of mahua oil (a vegetable oil) and diesel fuel with varying injection pressures. Tests were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine operated with mahua oil blends including B10, B20, B30, B40 and B100 (100% mahua oil) at injection pressures from 190-240 kg/cm2 and compared to operation on pure diesel. The results showed that a B10 blend could be used at the engine's rated injection pressure of 200 kg/cm2 without significantly affecting performance or emissions compared to diesel. Increasing the injection pressure to 230 kg/cm2 improved brake thermal efficiency up
performance and emission analysis of DTSI enginesaggiii
This document summarizes a presentation on the performance and emission analysis of a DTS-I engine compared to a single spark engine. It discusses the various technologies used in the DTS-I engine like digital twin spark ignition, fuel injection, intelligent CDI, and their advantages over a single spark system. The presentation analyzes brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, volumetric efficiency, emissions, and detonation for the different engines. It finds that the DTS-I engine has better efficiency, lower emissions and reduced detonation compared to the single spark engine. In conclusion, the triple spark ignition technology provides improvements over a conventional single spark ignition system.
The document describes an experimental investigation of exhaust emissions from a petrol engine fumigated with ethanol. Key points:
- The study aimed to test performance and emissions of a dual-fuel engine running on petrol with ethanol or LPG fumigation at various rates and engine speeds.
- Results showed that fumigation reduced fuel consumption, BSFC and emissions of HC, CO and NOx compared to petrol alone. It also increased torque and BMEP.
- Of the two fuels tested, LPG fumigation performed better than ethanol due to LPG's higher calorific value and octane number.
1) The document describes a new test method called OILPAS that measures engine oil aeration through optical imaging of bubbles in a test cell.
2) The OILPAS method dynamically aerates oil samples through agitation and measures the amount of dispersed gas as well as the time required for gas release.
3) Test results on various engine oils showed correlations between OILPAS measurements of aeration and deaeration to results from engine tests, demonstrating its effectiveness as an evaluation method.
The document discusses using blends of jatropha curcas oil and diesel fuel in a compression ignition (CI) engine. It finds that blending the vegetable oil with diesel in ratios of 30-50% by volume significantly reduces the viscosity of the oil. Blends with 30-40% jatropha oil perform similarly to diesel in terms of specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency. Higher blends have poorer performance due to the vegetable oil's high viscosity and low volatility. Heating the blends can further reduce viscosity and improve combustion. Blends containing up to 50% jatropha oil show potential as an alternative fuel for CI engines.
The document discusses integrating solar generation at a thermal power plant to reduce auxiliary power consumption (APC). It proposes mounting solar panels on building roofs and over water reservoirs. This could reduce APC by 1.14%, saving on fuel costs and increasing revenue. Other benefits include earning energy saving certificates, lowering tariffs, and reducing cooling water temperatures. The proposal outlines installing the solar system, potential locations for panels, and interconnecting to the grid and township. Key advantages are listed, along with considerations like maintaining panel efficiency and increased water usage.
IRJET- Optimising the Diesel Additives in a Single Cylinder Diesel EngineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that tested various diesel fuel additives in a single cylinder diesel engine to evaluate performance and emissions. Cyclohexylamine, diethyl ether (DEE), methyl acetate, and amyl alcohol were tested at concentrations of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 ml added to diesel fuel. Testing was conducted across a range of engine loads. Results showed that amyl alcohol provided the best balance of performance and low emissions, with higher thermal efficiency, lower specific fuel consumption and oxides of nitrogen emissions than diesel alone, especially at higher loads. Cyclohexylamine also performed well but had some disadvantages compared to amyl alcohol. Overall, amyl alcohol showed potential as an additive to
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The thrust of the project is to manufacture and sale conversion kit to convert gen sets powered by IC engines from liquid fuel to gaseous fuels like compressed natural (CNG) or renewable natural (RNG) gas.
The main problem with a gaseous fueled versions of IC engines (both gasoline and Diesel) is the improper compression ratio, since the engines used as prototypes were designed and optimized for the use of liquid fuel.
The conversion kit as an external device should provide the correct stoichiometric air-fuel ratio for the engine without serious re-design of an IC engine-prototype. The air-fuel mixture should be compressed in a compound charging device (supercharger and turbocharger) to a certain pressure in order to compensate volumetric losses in engine cylinders and to provide close to optimal stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document provides information on a dissertation project carried out to improve productivity and quality in the production of 7-series grades of carbon black at M/s Hi-Tech Carbon in Renukoot, India. The project involved collecting data on existing grit levels, analyzing potential causes of high grit through a why-why analysis, identifying the root cause using a Pareto diagram, developing and implementing a trial plan with actions to address the root cause, and achieving improved performance with grit levels reduced and Cpk values increased after regular implementation.
This document summarizes a technical seminar presented by Ravikumar Devappa Baraker on variable compression ratio engines. It defines compression ratio and discusses how a variable compression ratio can be achieved by altering the clearance volume and swept volume. The optimal compression ratio depends on factors like inlet air temperature. Variable compression ratio technology allows the compression ratio to be adjusted based on engine load, improving efficiency and reducing emissions and fuel consumption. However, the technology also has drawbacks like high costs and mechanical complexity. In conclusion, variable compression ratio has great potential but commercialization faces challenges.
This document analyzes the performance of a variable compression ratio diesel engine. It discusses how variable compression ratio engines allow the compression ratio to be adjusted while the engine is running based on load demands, improving fuel efficiency. The advantages are listed as increased fuel efficiency up to 30% reduction, reduced emissions, and a compression ratio that can be optimized for power or efficiency. The disadvantages include high initial costs, unproven reliability, and difficult early repairs. In conclusion, variable compression ratio engines show great potential but also face challenges in widespread adoption.
The document discusses methanol fuel cells as an alternative to hydrogen fuel cells for powering forklifts. It provides details on the OorjaPacTM methanol fuel cell system, including its advantages over hydrogen such as lower costs, faster refueling times, and less expensive infrastructure. Customer examples are given that have realized savings and productivity increases through implementing methanol fuel cells.
EnerTeck technology improves fuel economy by 8-10% and reduces emissions from diesel engines. It works as a fuel-borne catalyst called EnerBurn that accelerates combustion, allowing more complete burning before exhaust valve opening. This greatly lowers carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter in the exhaust as well as engine wear. The technology has been acquired from Exxon where it was developed and is used by large companies in oil, gas, marine, and railroad industries to reduce emissions and improve fuel efficiency.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS OF SINGLE CYL...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates the performance and emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine with a modified piston.
The researchers created a modified piston with two cutouts and two protrusions to improve swirl and fuel-air mixing. Testing showed that the modified piston enhanced brake thermal efficiency and increased emissions like CO and HC at higher loads compared to a regular piston, due to a richer air-fuel mixture.
Emissions of NOx and O2 were lower for the modified piston engine, while other emissions like CO2 were similar between engines. The modified piston had little impact on brake thermal efficiency and fuel consumption compared to a conventional diesel engine.
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into using blends of jatropha oil and butanol as an alternative fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. Jatropha oil was blended with butanol in ratios of 90%:10%, 80%:20%, and 70%:30% and tested in a diesel engine. Tests measured the performance, combustion characteristics, and emissions of the blends compared to pure diesel. The 70% jatropha and 30% butanol blend achieved higher brake thermal efficiency (2.8% increase) and lower emissions than diesel fuel while maintaining similar performance.
An analysis of effect of variable compression ratio in C.I. engine using turb...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effect of variable compression ratio in a turbocharged diesel engine. It discusses using a single cylinder diesel engine to test performance at different loads and compression ratios ranging from 12.1 to 18.1. The turbocharger is used to increase engine efficiency and performance by boosting intake air pressure. Theoretical calculations of parameters like brake power, fuel consumption, thermal efficiency are presented. Results show that increasing the compression ratio and intake boost pressure improves brake thermal efficiency. It was concluded that a variable compression ratio concept can improve engine performance and efficiency while reducing emissions.
Fossil fuels like diesel and gas are expensive, variable in quality, and harmful to engines and the environment. Omstar produces fuel additives that have been proven to reduce emissions, clean engines, reduce maintenance needs, improve combustion, increase fuel cetane number, and increase lubrication. Their products work by bonding with hydrocarbons to boost oxygen levels and combustion efficiency, lowering emissions by up to 70% while improving fuel economy up to 27%. Testing of their additives has shown reductions in harmful exhaust emissions as well as increased engine efficiency and reduced operating costs.
Compression Ignition Engine Performance Analysis at High Altitude Using Compu...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the performance analysis of a turbo compression ignition engine model at high altitudes up to 6000 meters using computational simulation techniques. A 1D engine model is created in AVL Boost software and simulated at sea level and various altitudes using different fuels. The results show a decrease in engine power and torque with increasing altitude due to lower atmospheric pressure and oxygen content. Power loss is around 25% at 4000 meters and 35% at 6000 meters compared to sea level. Fuel consumption also increases at higher altitudes. Using methane fuel improves performance compared to diesel but power loss still occurs with increasing altitude.
A technological break-through, resulting from almost three decades of research and development. FuelAid Systems and Optimizers harness the science of fluid conditioning to improve combustion efficiency and increase fuel economy.
When properly installed, FuelAid systems cause fuel to take on a millivoltage charge which breaks up molecular clusters, causing better burning. Emissions are greatly reduced as a result.
The non invasive molecular optimization technology is capable of delivering the proper magnetic field necessary to break up the electrons in the fuel and reach the Rayleigh Limit - defined by NASA as the correct charge, and the number of electrons, to induce the desired effect.
All of this is a fancy way of saving that FuelAid Systems save money and reduce emissions, passively, using proven scientific theory. No driver training required.
This document summarizes a study on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine operating on blends of mahua oil (a vegetable oil) and diesel fuel with varying injection pressures. Tests were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine operated with mahua oil blends including B10, B20, B30, B40 and B100 (100% mahua oil) at injection pressures from 190 to 240 kg/cm2 and compared to operation on pure diesel. The results showed that a B10 blend could be used at the engine's rated injection pressure of 200 kg/cm2 without significantly affecting performance or emissions compared to diesel. Increasing the injection pressure to 230 kg/cm2 improved brake thermal efficiency up
IRJET- Performance Analysis of 4-Stroke SI Engine with HHO Generator by Morse...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the performance of a 4-stroke SI engine fueled with gasoline and supplemented with hydroxyl (HHO) gas produced via electrolysis. A simple HHO generation system was constructed and its effects on engine performance were evaluated using the Morse Test method. Key findings from the Morse Test include higher engine efficiency, reduced fuel consumption, and increased power output when operating the engine on gasoline with HHO compared to gasoline alone. The addition of HHO as a fuel supplement improved the lean burn ability and combustion efficiency of the engine.
IRJET- Experimentation of Performance and Emission Test in Single Cylinder SI...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experiment conducted on a single cylinder spark ignition engine to test the performance and emissions with the addition of a turbocharger and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The experiment aims to improve engine efficiency while reducing emissions like CO2 and noise. A turbocharger compresses intake air using the energy in exhaust gases to drive a turbine. EGR recirculates a portion of exhaust gases back into the intake to reduce emissions. The experiment was conducted on a TVS Star City bike powered by a 109.7cc air-cooled engine. A turbocharger and EGR system were added to the stock engine configuration. The results were meant to analyze changes in performance and emissions with these modifications.
IRJET- Effect of Copper Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes as Additives in Diesel Ble...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that tested the effects of adding copper oxide and carbon nanotubes as additives to a 20:80 blend of biodiesel and diesel in a variable compression ratio engine. The study found that some additive blends showed improvements in brake power output of up to 2% and brake thermal efficiency of up to 3.9% compared to pure diesel, along with reductions in harmful emissions like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and smoke. Specifically, a blend with 40ppm of carbon nanotubes and 20ppm of copper oxide performed the best, showing lower emissions and higher power and efficiency than other blends and pure diesel. The document concludes the additive blends,
This document summarizes a student project to operate a diesel engine using both diesel fuel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The project aims to utilize the compression ignition properties of diesel to ignite LPG, allowing a diesel engine to run on both fuels. Key findings include that this approach could provide cost savings by reducing dependence on fuel price fluctuations and allow the use of biofuels. Testing showed the engine generated 16 horsepower but further work is needed to reduce knocking and optimize the fuel mixture. Overall, the project demonstrates the potential for dual-fuel engine technology but more testing and advancement is still required.
The document discusses Comap's bi-fuel system for diesel engines that allows substitution of up to 70% of diesel with gas. This dual fuel solution reduces fuel costs substantially while maintaining full engine power and performance. It provides benefits such as lower emissions, extended run times before refueling is needed, and maintenance savings. The system monitors engine parameters closely and automatically modulates gas levels safely based on the load to maximize gas usage.
The document summarizes IntelliStick, a product that monitors oil condition in vehicles. It uses electrochemical sensors to detect wear, contamination, fuel/water intrusion, and depletion of additives in engine oil. This information allows users to optimize oil change intervals, compare oil brands and filters, and identify issues before damage occurs. The summary highlights potential cost savings from improved fuel efficiency of 1-4% and reduced engine repairs, with payback estimated at 1-6 months for fuel savings alone. It positions IntelliStick as helpful in dealing with challenges from new 2010 engine designs.
1. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
EnerBurn® works by conditioning the combustion chamber surfaces with a nano scale catalytic
coating that doubles the rate of combustion. This causes higher pressure earlier on crank angle
which allows the engine to produce more work (HP) with the same amount of fuel. With the work
load being the same, this translates into greater fuel efficiency (gph). Because of increased work
conversion caused by earlier pressure on crank angle, the exhaust temperature of the engine is
reduced by approximately 40-44 degrees F. The emission benefits are achieved due to a More
Complete Combustion, Lower Operating Temperature, and Lower Overall Pressure. This
accounts for the Reduction of Unburned carbon being released via the exhaust and back into the
oil as soot.
2. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
Petro-Chem and EnerBurn®
Our diesel-specific combustion promoters and Application Technology
is registered under the name of EnerBurn®. The product was
commercialized by Nalco/Exxon Energy Chemicals, L.P. In January
2001, the technology was purchased from Exxon/Nalco and EnerBurn
was born and perfected. This product has been primarily used in on
and off road vehicles, construction, mining, locomotives and diesel
marine engines as well as boilers.
Petro-Chem Industries, Inc. was established in 1977. On top of being
a full service machine and fabrication shop, our goal is to be at the
forefront of diesel fuel catalyst technology worldwide. Petro-Chem is
managed by a staff that has a combined 100+ years of experience.
Our operation is housed in 50,000 square feet of warehouses in
Houston with dedicated spaces for EnerBurn, machines, fabrication
and assembly.
3. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
Proven Technology and EPA Approval
Proof of Performance Using Engineering Company
State of the art injection program
Green technology
Two blend sites and at least two raw material suppliers for each
component
What Makes EnerBurn® Different from all the others?
4. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
EnerBurn®
A
Fuel Borne
Combustion Accelerator
5. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
25-60%
10%
10%Increases
Mileage 8-15%
Lowers
Highway Smoke
Reduces NOX
Emissions
averaging
Benefits of EnerBurn®
Catalytic Combustion Accelerator
6. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
40-50%Reduces engine wear
Increases
Horsepower
Catalytic Combustion Accelerator
Benefits of EnerBurn® (continued)
up to 4%
7. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
Registered by
the EPA
for all USA
Transportation
Fuel use.
EnerBurn® is For All Diesel Applications
8. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
EnerBurn® is Commercially Proven Over the Road
Over 14 Billion Miles of Use
Proven in Most Sizes and Makes of
Engines
No OEM Warranty Issues
Consolidated Freightways
measured
and Reported over 24 million USD
in fuel savings over three years
No negative side effects or
maintenance issues during CF’s
three year - 3000 Vehicle period of
EnerBurn® treatment.
ROY K. STERN, C.RM. Director
Purchasing & Fuel Managernent
It is my pleasure to confirm the success of Consolidated Freightways' cost-reduction initiative
using the EnerBurn technology. Consolidated began treatment of our entire Long Haul truck fleet
in August 10, 1998. The number of treated trucks in this initiative has averaged over 3,000 plus in
Century Class Freightliners. Most are equipped with Caterpillar or similar type equipment.
Consolidated's measurable fuel savings averaged 10.4% over the last 3 plus year period that we
have used EnerBurn. This has resulted in annual savings in excess of $14 million dollars per year.
Of course, fuel prices varied with crude oil prices during this long period.
The technical staff at EnerTeck has provided valuable fleet monitoring and excellent forecasts of
fleet fuel consumption. This serves as a value-added tool in supply and budgeting of fuel
requirements, as well as an effective monitor of the EnerBurn program itself. Our in-house
statisticians participate in the data collection and analysis, and rely upon EnerTeck's forecasts in
their own analyses.
As we developed long-term experience with EnerBurn treated engines; our maintenance
department observed significant reduction in metal loss in crankcase wear parts. We have not
attempted to quantify the value of this phenomenon and it remains under study.
16400 S.E. CF WAY, VANCOUVER, WA 986B3 (360) 448-4403 (360) 448-4311 FAX
FREIGHTWAYS
Dear Sirs:
September 13, 2002
To whom it may concern:
10. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
EC5805A Diesel Combustion Improver
Burn Rate Comparison (Milliseconds)
Data from quartz window engine, using high speed video camera and
luminosity meter.
0
2
4
6
8
1 0
1 2
1 4
1 6
St ar t o f
C o mb.
Max Bur n
Rat e
To t al
Time o f
C o mb.
Unt r eat ed
Ener Bur n
The power stroke of a 2-stroke diesel engine @ 1800 rpm is
approximately 10 milliseconds between TDC and Exhaust Port.
5.9
6.2
3
1.5
15.4
9.9
NOTE:
No Effect on
Fuel Cetane
milliseconds
Fuel reaches max burn
In half of the time
Burn in nearly complete
At end of Power Stroke
11. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
Combustion Temperature
600
650
700
750
800
850
Exhaust Temp (Port) Deg. F Exhaust Temp. Starboard Deg. F
Untreated EnerBurn
Detroit 6V-71N: power output maintained at 230 bhp; fuel flow
untreated 45.25, treated 44.10 #/hr.
Carbon naturally ignites at 1090° F – With EnerBurn® in is
Reduced to Approximately 755 F.
839
792
839
791
EnerBurn® Reduces the Temperature at which Carbon burns.
12. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
EnerBurn® Diesel Combustion Improver
Effect on Combustion
Increases rate of burning.
Wall effect promotes complete combustion.
Mechanical fuel injection. Red Curve is Treated – Black is Untreated.PRESSURE
CRANK ANGLE (0 = TDC)
0 7 20
EnerBurn® works by increasing the burn rate when the flame front reaches the
wall at 5-7° after TDC.
Diffusion Burn
Pre-Mix Burn
Efficiency
Improvement
13. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
EnerBurn® Effect on Cylinder Pressure as
a Function of Crank Angle (SWRI)
The rate of fuel combustion is increased as the flame front
reaches the wall at 5-7° after TDC.
The catalytic wall effect allows for more complete combustion
earlier in the combustion cycle.
The maximum cylinder pressure is actually reduced.
Electronic fuel injection
0 5 10 15 20 25
Crank angle (degrees after TDC)
Untreated
EnerBurn
Diffusion Burn
14. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
SWRI Emission Test
2.60
2.70
2.80
2.90
3.00
3.10
3.20
NO X
Baseline EnerBurn
gm/mile gm/mile
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
Par t icul at es
Baseline EnerBurn
10% REDUCTION 15% REDUCTION
6.5 Liter GM IDI Diesel
FTP Hot Start (Bag 3)
Catalyst in place
15. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
Equipment Field Smoke Tests
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80 DET6V71
CATSCR
MACKMIX
GM&MACK
Detroit 6V71 – 56%
Caterpillar scraper – 74%
Mack cement mixer – 57%
GM & Mack mixers – 54%
PercentSmokeReduction
Measured by Exhaust Stack Opacity
16. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
PHOTOGRAPHS
• The following Photographs show the positive effects of
EnerBurn®
17. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
EnerBurn® Coating on Valve
Valve Had 1.6 Million Miles
18. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
Semi Truck Caterpillar Piston 1.6 Million Miles
19. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
Turbo Charger Caterpillar Semi 1.6 Million Miles
20. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
Thermocouple Starboard Engine Cylinder 9-10 before EnerBurn®
treatment
21. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
Thermocouple Starboard Engine Cylinder 9-10 after
Six Weeks of EnerBurn treatment
22. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
Thrust Washer 15,840 Hours New .187 This Measured .185
23. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
Cylinder Liner 2280 Horse Power EMD 20,000 Hours
TREATED WITH ENERBURN®
24. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
Cylinder 2280 Horse Power EMD 15,000 Hours
TREATED WITH ENERBURN®
25. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
Caterpillar 3304 Front End Loader
5,200 Hours, 6 Weeks using EnerBurn
26. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
Starboard Engine M/V Marion Moran Change in Fuel consumption Baseline and 3rd Run
Engine is an EMD 645E7 12 Cylinder 2305 Horsepower
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
FuelConsumptioninPoundsperHorsepowerHour
FC lb/hp hr Baseline 0.52 0.49 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.40 0.39
FC lb/hp hr 3rd Run 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.40 0.38 0.38 0.37 0.37
Change 14.33% 12.14% 9.57% 8.96% 8.04% 7.12% 6.55% 6.23%
450 500 550 600 700 750 800 850
3rd Run
Baseline
Percent change in fuel consumption (values
listed in the below table). A negative
number indicates an increase in fuel
consumption, positive number indicates a
decrease in fuel consumption
Starboard MDE
27. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
Proof of Performance Examples
Epa registration passed and completed all required tests
Marine performance
6840 HP Towboat
8.1% Increase in Fuel Economy
68% Smoke reduction
14% Reduction NOx
300 more HP at full power output
Trucking
CF – Billions of Miles
10% increase in Fuel Economy
TMC SAE Test
After 30k miles averaged 2.55% improved on test track
major trucking company
Fleet Test 100 Trucks – 7% improvement in Fuel Economy
Construction
Large Construction company GEN Set Caterpillar SR-4 1600 HP
Empire Caterpillar load box test – 17.4% fuel economy improvement
Railroad
PTRA Load Box Test
9.5% Fuel economy improvement
north American fit for use test Canada
passed esdc’s sfat test
28. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
Proprietary
Fuel Treatment
Systems
29. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
•FTI Can be sized for large
Terminals or Smaller Fuel
Depots.
•Requires no External
Power Supply.
•Requires Very Little
Attention.
Fuel Transfer Injection (FTI)
System
The FTI System is simply the safest and most
accurate way to inject EnerBurnTM into bulk
diesel fuel.
EnerBurnTM tanks can be custom sized to a
customer’s and may be heated or non-heated.
The FTI Injector is non-electrical and is
powered by fuel flow. Accurate engine
treatment is achieved at varying flow rates of
+/- 15 ppm.
Optimization
EnerBurnTM also employs patent-pending
methodology to optimize treatment dosages
and monitor selected fleets and applications
to quantify the benefits. Our team of
combustion specialists work closely with
customers to evaluate their fleet’s
performance and fuel efficiency.
Reliable and Efficient Fuel Treatment
30. - Confidential and Company Proprietary -
Portable 3” Injector Model 600 1Q2