This document discusses various topics related to female reproductive health and endocrinology. It covers factors that can affect reproductive health such as diseases, environmental toxins, stress, genetics and aging. Specific conditions discussed include amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, breast cancer, endometriosis, sexual dysfunction, infertility, vaginal atrophy, and menopause. Treatment options are provided for each condition and include lifestyle changes, medications, surgery and counseling. The document aims to educate about important aspects of women's reproductive biology and health issues.

1. ENDOCRINOLOGY IN
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
HEALTH AND BIOLOGY
Dr L.Dabashini Devi
Professor & HOD
Department of Nursing
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3. ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
HEALTH
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5. WOMEN REPRODUCTIVE
HEALTH
What happens if a girl doesn't develop breasts or
hair or have periods when expected?
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6. • FACTORS AFFECTING REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
1. Diseases Conditions:
• Congenital (birth) or genetic defects
• Surgery, radiation, or some cancer treatments
• Traumatic injuries
• Infection
• Autoimmune destruction
• Medications or supplements
2. Environmental Factors
• Disrupted sexual development
• Decreased fertility
• Birth defects
• Reduced immune response
• Neurological and behavioural changes.
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7. 3. Stress
• Trauma, illness or infection
• surgical procedures
• Any diseases
• Allergic reactions
4. Genetics
Sometimes extra, missing, or damaged chromosomes can
result in diseases or conditions that affect hormone
production or function.
5. Aging
• Hormone production secretion and metabolism
• Hormone levels circulating in blood
• Target cell or target tissue response to hormones
• Rhythms in the body, such as the menstrual cycle
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8. COMMON WOMEN HEALTH
PROBLEMS
1. Amenorrhea is the term used when a woman or
adolescent girl is not having menstrual periods.
There are two types of amenorrhea:
• Primary amenorrhea: when a girl has not started
having periods by age 15 (or within five years of the
first signs of puberty)
• Secondary amenorrhea: when a girl or woman has
been having periods but then stops having them for
at least three months
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9. Symptoms:
• Hot Flashes
• Discharge of milk from the nipples
• Vaginal discharges
• Headaches
• Vision changes.
Treatment :
• Medicines that help control abnormal hormone levels
• Surgery for tumors of the pituitary, ovaries, or adrenal
glands
• Counseling
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10. POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
•Premenstrual dysphoric disorder,
also known as PMDD, is a more
severe form of PMS, affecting about
3–6% of women.
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12. Treatment:
•Lifestyle changes and
medication
•Exercise
• Stress reduction techniques
•Avoid caffeine and alcohol
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13. Breast cancer
•Breast cancer is one of the most
common cancers in U.S (1 in 8 women).
Prevention:
•Lifestyle changes
•Hormone therapy
•Surgery
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14. Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a condition in which the tissue usually
found inside the uterus grows in places where it
shouldn’t.
Symptom:
• Pelvic pain and cramping
• Pain in the abdomen or pelvis during ovulation
• Lower back pain
• Pain during and after sexual intercourse
• Pain while urinating or having a bowel movement
• Diarrhoea, constipation, nausea, bloating, or fatigue
Treatment: Endometriosis is treated with medicines and
surgery.
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15. sexual dysfunction:
• There are several types of sexual dysfunction:
• Low sexual desire
• Trouble becoming aroused
• Trouble having an orgasm
• Dyspareunia
Management:
• Talking and Counselling.
• Lifestyle Changes.
• Managing Medicines.
• Hormone therapy.
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17. Infertility
• Infertility is the inability of a sexually active couple,
not using any birth control, to get pregnant after
one year of trying.
• Treatment of infertility depends on the cause and
age. It falls into two main categories: one helps
fertility through medications or surgery, and the
other uses assisted reproductive technologies.
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18. Vaginal atrophy
Symptoms:
• Vaginal dryness
• Itching or burning feelings in vagina
• Discoloured and unpleasant smelling, or copious
vaginal mucous
• Discomfort, or pain during sexual intercourse
• Light bleeding after intercourse or random vaginal
spotting
• Burning sensation
• overactive bladder
• Urinary incontinence
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19. Menopause (Premenopausal
syndrome)
Menopause is the process a woman goes through
that causes her monthly periods to end. During
menopause, a woman's ovaries stop producing eggs
and produce fewer female hormones.
Treatment:
• Lubricants or vaginal oestrogen deposits to combat
dryness
• Medication
• Counseling to help with mood changes
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21. THANK YOU
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