The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and the stress response. The major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pancreas, and gonads. The endocrine system works through chemical messengers called hormones to help maintain homeostasis, support growth and development, and coordinate cellular and organ functions throughout the body.

1. ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM

3. Endocrine System
Derives from the Greek words
“endo” meaning inside/within and
“crinis” meaning secrete.
Plays an important role in
maintenance of homeostasis in the
internal environment of the body.
Consists of glands that regulate
various body function.

4. Plays a major role in regulating
growth, the reproductive process,
and the way the body uses food.
Helps prepare the body to deal
with stress and emergencies.
An information signal system like
the nervous system, yet its effects
and mechanism are classifiably
different.

5. Now, What is the DIFFERENCE
between NERVOUS SYSTEM
and ENDOCRINE SYSTEM?

6. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
Nervous System Endocrine System
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7. Homeostasis
The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its
internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback
controls, so as to stabilize health and functioning,
regardless of the outside changing conditions
The ability of the body or a cell to seek and maintain
a condition of equilibrium or stability within its internal
environment when dealing with external changes
In humans, homeostasis happens when the body
regulates body temperature in an effort to maintain
an internal temperature around 98.6 degrees
Fahrenheit. For example, we sweat to cool off during
the hot summer days, and we shiver to produce heat
during the cold winter season.
Word origin: from the Greek: homeo, meaning
unchanging + stasis, meaning standing.

8. Gland
Organ specialized for secretion by the
infolding of an epithelial sheet.
The secretory epithelial cells may either
be arranged as an acinus with a duct or as
a tubule. Glands from which release
occurs to a free epithelial surface are
exocrine, those that release product to the
circulatory system are endocrine glands.

9. Hormones
Chemical, excitatory
substances secreted by the
glands which help regulate
bodily activities such as growth
and metabolism.

10. Major Endocrine Glands of
the Body
Pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenals
Parathyroids
Pancreas
Gonads

11. Pituitary
A small gland suspended
directly under the optic chiasma
at the base of the brain.
It is vital for body growth and
height.
One of the most important
endocrine glands.
Also called the “master gland”
Consists of two parts:
• Anterior lobe-releases
hormones that regulate the
secretions of other endocrine
gland
• Posterior lobe-regulates water
and salt metabolism

12. Pituitary
Hormones

13. Growth hormone (GH)- promotes the growth
of the skeleton and the body as a whole.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)- controls
the amount of thyroglobulin secreted by the
thyroid.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)-
stimulates the growth and secretion of the
cortex (outer layer) of the adrenal gland.
Gonadtopins- stimulate the gonads, which
are sperm- or egg-producing organs.
Leutinizing Hormone (LH)- necessary for the
attachment of an embryo within its mother’s
womb.

14. Lactogenic Hormone (LH) or Prolactin-
stimulates the secretion of milk.
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone- stimulates
the melanocytes, the cells of the skin which
contain the the black pigment. It is also
responsible for moles, freckles and
birthmarks.
Oxytocin- stimulates the smooth muscles of
the uterus to contract during childbirth.
Antidiuretic Hormone (Vasopression)- causes
kidneys to excrete excess water and at the
same time causes arteries to contract and in
this case increases blood pressure.

15. Thyroid
A flat gland like a
butterfly which is
located at the base
of the throat which
regulates
metabolism.
Takes iodine from
the blood and uses
it to make
hormones.

16. Thyroid Hormones
Control the body’s cell metabolism.
When released into the
bloodstream, cells increase the
rate at which they convert oxygen
and nutrients into energy and heat
for the body’s use.

17. Hormones of the Thyroid
Glands
Thyroxin- influences the growth and
development of the body, like sex organs,
brain, bones and muscles.
Calcitonin- produced in response to high
levels of calcium in the blood, this causes
the kidneys to discharge more calcium
into the urine and raises the amount of
calcium stored in the bones.

18. Adrenals
Located at the top of each
kidney, which secrete
hormones that control
emotional responses and
basic chemical
mechanisms within the
body.
It produces “adrenalin”
vital during emergencies.
Consists of a medulla
(inner core) and a cortex
(outer core).

19. Adrenal Medulla
Controlled by the nervous system.
Stimulated by the nerve signals to
secrete epinephrine (also called
adrenaline) and norepinephrine (also
called noradrenaline) into the blood
which help the body to adjust to sudden
stress.

20. Pancreas
Contains the Islets
of Langerhans
which produces
produces insulin.
The hormone which
increases the
permeability of
sugar cells in the
body.

21. Parathyroids
Found at the posterior
portion of the thyroid
gland which produces
parathormone vital to
mineral balance in the
blood.
Parathormone
controls the
concentration of
calcium (calcium ion)
and phosphorous
(phospate) in the
blood.

22. Parathyroid Hormones
Act to increase the excretion of
phosphorous by the kidneys and to
increase the rate of resorption of
calcium from bones.

23. Gonads
Are sex glands,
testes in male
and ovaries in
female.

24. Importance
WHAT DO YOU THINK IS
THE IMPORTANCE OF
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM IN
PSYCHOLOGY?