ENBE Process journal

Content:
1. Introduction
2. City
3. Investigation on Better City Guidelines and Issues
4. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient and old cities
5. Investigation & Data Collection: The present city/cities
6. Investigation & Data Collection: The future city/cities
7. Information about the city location and site
8. All about The New “X” City - KARDIA
9. All about The Pamphlet
10. References list
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1. Introduction
This is our final project which consist of two parts, which is Part A [individual
component 20%] that is making an A4 pamphlet and a progress report compilation
and Part B [group component 20%] that is making a A2 presentation and a model.
There are some guidelines provided by our lecturer in the brief to help us design our
new ‘X’ city.
As the mayor of the “X” City, I am required to produce a folded pamphlet to
promote my new city development. Firstly, I need to understand what a “city” is, its
development and history, components and elements of a city to build a better and
sustainable city. Then I can implement this information and start planning my new
city.
After this, our lecturer will choose one of the proposed city from our group and we
are required to make a model and a presentation out of it. We can improve the city
together in this stage.
We can learn more about the built environment after this project and appreciate
where we live in.
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2 .A CITY
“a city comes into being for the sake of life, but exists for the
sake of living well” (Mawr, 2013)
WHAT IS A CITY?
- a large and permanent settlement
- highest forms of social organisation
- not necessarily defined by size
- granted to a place within a local government area
- have complex systems for road system, sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing,
transportation, educational system etc
- need open, green, public space to create identity
- will have problems such as waste disposal, crime, drugs .. etc
- great cities should be sustainable and liveable
Classifications of cities:
1. Folk-preliterate
2. Feudal
- more like a town
- houses modest
- streets unpaved
3. Preindustrial
- consolidation of political power
- expansion of states
- reflected in the growth city
- imposing complex of religious and government structure
4. Urban-industrial
- high-rise buildings of financial and commercial organization
- dominant position in the urban core
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3. Investigation on Better City Guidelines and Issues
Type of city I plan to propose: Sustainable and Smart City
Sustainable City Characteristic:
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Components of a smart city:
Smart Environment: Green
buildings, Green energy,
Green Urban Planning
Smart Living: Culturally
vibrant and happy, safe,
healthy
Smart Mobility: Mixed-
modal access, Prioritised
clean and non-motorised
options, Integrated ICT
Smart People: Embrace
creativity, Inclusive society,
21st century Education
Smart Economy:
Entrepreneurship and
innovation, Productivity,
Local and global
Interconnectedness
Smart Government: Enabling supply and demand side policy, Transparency and
open data, ICT and e-gov
Issues that will happen in a city:
- Crime
- Violence
- Drugs
- Over-consumption of energy and resources
- Waste disposal
- Health
- Pollution
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What makes a beautiful city?
1. Order and Variety
- balance, symmetry, repetition
- but not too uniform that its soul destroying
- buildings should be uniform in appearance and layout—to a degree
- example cities: Amsterdam
2. Visible Life
- able to look at the streets and see plenty going on
- example: working in a bakery, eating in a restaurant
3. Compactness
- NO to SPRWAL
- YES to a SQUARE
4. Orientation and Mystery
- have backstreets and small lane - feel cozy and get lost
- a balance of large and small streets should allow for efficient travel
- a few big traffic-friendly boulevards
5. Scale
- blocks should be capped at 5 stories high(a particular number)
- larger ones should be homage (example:; mosque, museum..)
6. Make it Local
- the architecture should be informed by the city’s culture, history, natural
resources
Conclusion:
In order to make a smart sustainable and beautiful city, the city must consists of the
components above. The most important part is to have a proper city management
to maintain the order of city and strict law to control the issues that will happen.
Every aspect is important to the city so everything must be consider properly.
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4. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient and Old cities
!8

This is the photo of the remaining Tikal Ruins. The Tikal Temple is under maintenance.
The reason of Tikal collapse is serious deforestation as they are located in the rainforest area.
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Left: Aqueduct that transport water Right: Temple that built of concrete columns
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5. Investigation & Data Collection: Present Cities
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A subway map of Tokyo
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Underground Tunnel for flood protection
Bullet train at tokyo reach a speed of 320 km/h

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Map of singapore: remained green for some areas
Gardens by the Bay
Supertree Grove
Conclusion:
The similarities of present cities are:
1. Well planned transportation
2. Well planned sewerage system
3. balance between green area and urban area
4. mostly achieve low crime rate and well management of issues
5. urban sprawl is controlled well
6. health care is good
7. have their own cultural identity
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6. Investigation & Data Collection: Future Cities
Abu Dhabi, Masdar City
Masdar City is truly a smart and sustainable city as everything is designed specifically
for that particular environment(in the desert) All the sustainable methods involves
high end technology. I can use some of the concepts of Masdar City to make my
city a better city as it have several similarities to my site.
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OKRA (Re-Think Athens Winning Proposal)
Newly gained space, as a result of the major step towards a walkable city by
reducing car traffic in this area, can be transformed into a vibrant, green and
accessible heart of the city. They take contemporary ideas on climate control,
reduction of vehicular movement and programming public realm one step beyond:
into an integrated proposal, creating a resilient, accessible and vibrant city, not just
limited by its project borders, but linking this area to its adjacent areas and being a
catalyst for the whole city. Crucial part of the new transformation is that heat
mitigation of public realm will be realized, which will be an issue in many European
cities within the forthcoming years.
The project ‘One step beyond’ focuses on creating a resilient city, accessible city
and vibrant city.
Resilient City – The city centre of Athens will be transformed into a green network,
and Panepistimiou will be the central green spine, providing shade and shelter. The
resilient strategy includes specific attitudes towards reducing the urban heat and
improving thermal comfort. A greening strategy for Athens is combined with a water
strategy, since a good condition of plantings is crucial to contribute to heat
reduction. Capturing rainwater in underground basins, on top of roofs or elsewhere
helps to keep the water in the area.
Accessible city – The green framework will be treated as a coherent network of
public realm in all directions and linking the adjacent neighbourhoods, having its
highlight on Panepistimiou. Restoration of the continuities of the crossing streets
creates continuity in the walking experience. By making the new tramline clear and
present and part of the grandeur of the space it contributes to the aimed cohesion.
In fact, Panepistimiou provides Shared space 2.0, a new balance between slow
traffic and motorized movement. The design has three characteristic places:
Omonia Square and Dikaiosynis Square will become a green urban squares, with
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prominent lush water elements. In the middle of Panepistimou Street, a green
ensemble ties the university together into an urban park.
Vibrant city -Panepistimiou will change from ‘street’ to ‘boulevard’, by adding
inviting spaces to stay to the linear space. Occupying and transforming ground
floors, we introduce the concept of the theatre of 1000 rooms towards vacant
buildings, organizing cultural events and shift focal points who will create a new
vibrant atmosphere. Small open-air podia for outdoor initiatives will be created in
public realm. Programs are related to Greek philosophy, science, drama and art. An
‘encroachment zone’ will improve active frontages and create linkages between
the built environment and public realm. Interactive decorative light in public realm
will give the right atmosphere during evening hours.
Conclusion:
1. Future cities are well planed in every aspect to become sustainable and
walkable
2. Consists of a balance between green and buildings, mostly green will be more
than building
3. Use mass transit to reduce carbon emission
4. Use modern technology
5. Need to design accordingly to achieve the maximum potential
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7. Information about the city location and site
My chosen type of city is a city that blends in the forest. As Malaysia is famous for the
rainforest, I am going to build a city in the rainforest.
Firstly, I had located my site at Sungai Rajang as it is far from cities and will not have
much pollution.
Soil and Nutrient Recycling
Most tropical rainforest soils relatively poor in nutrients. Millions of years of weathering
and torrential rains have washed most of the nutrients out of the soil. More recent
volcanic soils, however, can be very fertile. Tropical rain forest soils contain less
organic matter than temperate forests and most of the available nutrients are found
in the living plant and animal material. Nutrients in the soil are often in forms that are
not accessible by plants.
Constant warmth and moisture promote rapid decay of organic matter. When a
tree dies in the rainforest, living organisms quickly absorb the nutrients before they
have a chance to be washed away. When tropical forests are cut and burned,
heavy rains can quickly wash the released nutrients away, leaving the soil even
more impoverished.
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The forest type here is rainforest, which mainly consists of four layers,
CONCEPT:
To blend in the forest, my buildings must consist of greens and recyclable material so
that it will not harm the forest.
Treehouses
Implementing technology into modern buildings
using square grinding for easy maintenance
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Inspirational Images:
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Treehouse from Minecraft
Modern Treehouse
Treehouse
Forest City outlook
Fantasy treehouse Treehouse

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Modern Minimal Treehouse
Kampung style tree house
Treehouse for low income citizen
Modern Treehouse for tourism
Hanging TentTreehouse

CONSIDERATIONS:
- can't chop off much tree in order to ‘blend’ into it
- need to have a height constraint for buildings to not exceed to emergent layer
- cannot build underground tunnel as it will damage the soil and root of plant
- have a forest preserve area that is totally undisturbed, only for jungle trekking
purpose
- need to use renewable energy wisely to not destroy the water source
!24
Typical TREEHOUSE
Vertical Green Wall for normal buildings

8. All about the New “X” City - KARDIA
THE NAME:
KARDIA
In Greek it means
heart, mind, character, inner self, will, centre
this resemble what I want to bring to the city, have a place in citizen’s heart and
everyone’s inner self will be peaceful.
MOTTO : Appreciate Nature
AIM :
1. Build a green city and have a healthy lifestyle
2. High quality environment creates high quality life
3. Unravel the city with the beauty of nature
FACILITIES :
1. Free Education for primary school
2. Recreational Facilities nearby residential area
3. Public Bicycle available for rental
4. Religious centre nearby
5. High quality air
6. Low Tax
7. Green everywhere
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investigate the history behind KARDIA’s rainforest and spaces to appreciate the
forest city. what lies beyond is far more interesting
with the green approach in KARDIA, the environment is fully equipped with the
modern technology, creating a ideal environment for both human and nature to
live in
the core of KARDIA is to build a green city to create awareness to the public to save
the forest. Everything in KARDIA is environment friendly

Sketches:
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When I first thought of my city design, I want to do a circle as a base but I found out
that too much classmate is using circle. So I decided to change it to something
more organic looking, that is a human heart for the base of my city.
Then I start planning the zoning, transportation, and etc for my city.
I amend some of my part after some consideration when I imagine myself staying in
the city. For example, the religious area is located nearer and more around the
residential area for easy access. I also change the shape of my city more to look
alike like a human heart.
I divided the city into four major parts, that is
to make the zoning clearer.
Agriculture + Commercial Forest Preserve
Residential + Others Tourism
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The FINAL MASTER PLAN : (not to scale in A4)
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Next, I consider about the technology that I will apply in the city and there are a
few,
- TRANSPARENT SOLAR PANEL
The solar cells are made of silicon, When the sunlight
strikes the cell, photons in the light knock some of the
extra electrons loose from the silicon, and they flow to
the part of the cell that is missing electrons. This flow
produces an electrical current that eventually reaches
the inverter, where it gets converted into usable
electricity.
The prototype TLSC currently has an efficiency of
around 1%, but they think 10& should be possible once
production commences. Non-transparent luminescent
concentrators (which bathe the room in colorful light)
max out at around 7%. On their own these aren’t huge
figures, but on a larger scale — every window in a house or office block — the
numbers quickly add up.
-ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY DAM
Its main structural frame consists of gabion cages: wire mesh
baskets filled with sturdy columns of recycled concrete
cylinders or rocks, which provide stability against the
hydrostatic forces pushing through the dam. Like a miniature
hydroelectric power plant, the Gaia dam could divert water
into the powerhouse where turbines are installed, yet do so less
expensively than the concrete dams that are usually used for
this purpose.
-MICRO WIND TURBINE
While we’ve been huge fans of tall-tower, utility scale wind
turbines (especially in the emerging offshore wind energy
sector), we also have the loves for micro wind turbines. You
don’t get the scale efficiencies, but with micro wind turbines
commercial property owners and tenants do get the twofer of
doubling up signage with renewable energy generation. If your
wind is in the doldrums, no problem, because the turbine still
functions as a sign.
It’s also worth noting that, despite some naysayers in the wind
industry, the US Department of Energy is anticipating that micro
wind turbines will play a role in the future energy landscape.
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- VERTICAL FARMING
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Green Ways to improve our cities:
Improve Public Transport, Open Space and Natural
Features, Reduce Waste, Grassroots initiatives,
Green Roofs, Urban Farming, Use Natural Gas,
Wireless Sensor Networks, Living Architecture,
Convert to electric vehicles
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Some sketches found online:
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9. All About The Pamphlet
- a small booklet or leaflet containing information or arguments about a single
subject.
Basic Pamphlet Format:
We are require to make a A4 pamphlet out of A1, so i need to half fold x3 times to
get that.
What makes a good brochure design?
#1: Know the purpose of your brochure and be clear on your message.
#2: Use the format of your brochure to your advantage, but don't let it restrict your
design.
#3: Consider carefully the number and size of pages (or panels)
#4: Be selective about paper stock for your brochure
#5: Create a compelling cover.
#6: Limit your fonts
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#7: Think of simple statements
Examples:
draft layout:
front cover Introduction, location aim back cover
green approaches green approaches green approaches green approaches -
transportation
Agriculture +
Commercial
master plan Forest Preserve
Residential + Others Tourism
cover tourism attraction tourism attraction back cover
treehouse mainfocus residential house religious buildings
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10. References List
1. How would you design a perfect new city from scratch? , from http://
www.quora.com/How-would-you-design-a-perfect-new-city-from-scratch
2. WWF. The Malaysian Rainforest http://www.wwf.org.my/about_wwf/
what_we_do/forests_main/the_malaysian_rainforest/
3. How to Design a Beautiful City, According to Swiss Philosopher Alain de Botton.
Jenny Xie. http://curbed.com/archives/2015/03/04/beautiful-city-design-alain-
de-botton.php
4. Tikal http://archive.cyark.org/tikal-info
5. In Guatemala, the lost world of Tikal http://articles.latimes.com/2012/nov/04/
travel/la-tr-guatemala-20121104
6. Maya Ruins at Tikal: A New Beginning at Winter Solstice http://
www.wilderutopia.com/landscape/ecotourism/maya-ruins-at-tikal-a-new-
beginning-at-winter-solstice/
7. About Tikal and Maya culture http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/a_f/
bronk/tikal.htm
8. 10 Innovations that built ancient rome http://www.history.com/news/history-lists/
10-innovations-that-built-ancient-rome
9. Roman Technology http://www.mrdowling.com/702-technology.html
10. 10 Ancient City still around today http://listverse.com/2012/12/01/10-ancient-
cities-still-around-today/
11. https://sites.google.com/site/climatetypes/mediterranean
12. 7 Reasons Why Japanese Trains Are Different http://muza-chan.net/japan/
index.php/blog/japanese-trains
13. Take A Look At Why The Tokyo Metro Is Known As 'Commuter Hell http://
www.businessinsider.com/tokyo-metro-commuter-hell-2012-1?IR=T&op=1
14. http://factsanddetails.com/japan/cat26/sub163/item875.html
15. http://loonybg.hubpages.com/hub/Facts-of-Japan-Technologically-advanced
16. http://www.travelingmyself.com/2014/04/15/interesting-facts-about-singapore/
17. http://www.gardensbythebay.com.sg/en/the-gardens/attractions/supertree-
grove.html#!/facts-figures
18. What is a city for http://www.newgeography.com/files/Kotkin-What-is-a-City-For-
LKYCIC.pdf
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19. Unbelievable Tokyo Underground: Sewer Labyrinth Dreamscape http://incli-
nation.com/2009/01/14/unbelievable-tokyo-underground-sewer-labyrinth-
dreamscape/
20. Self-Sufficient City: Zero-Waste, Carbon-Neutral & Car-Free http://
weburbanist.com/2013/07/23/self-sufficient-city-zero-waste-carbon-neutral-car-
free/
21. Re-Think Athens Winning Proposal / OKRA http://www.archdaily.com/338001/re-
think-athens-winning-proposal-okra/
22. Layers of a Rainforest http://www.srl.caltech.edu/personnel/krubal/rainforest/
Edit560s6/www/whlayers.html
23. http://www.epcforepcs.co.uk/Wind_Power/
24. http://www.researchsea.com/html/article.php/aid/8662/cid/2/research/
technology/researchsea/
engineering_a_multipurpose__environmentally_friendly_dam_.html
25. https://www.flickr.com/photos/cknara/4749040773/
!37

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