Fp part a - report template

FNBE FEB 2014
Content:
1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….. 3
2. A City Investigation on Better City Guidelines and Issues…………………………...4
3. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient cities (Mohenjo Daro)…………………...9
4. Investigation & Data Collection: Present city (City of Sydney).……………………16
5. Investigation & Data Collection: The future city (Masdar city)……….……………23
6. Case study on the selected type of the future city…………………………………..30
7. The New “X” City, ESPERO
………………………………………………………………..31
8. The Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………41
9. References list……………………………………………………………………………….42
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1.Introduction
In this project, I am required to pretend that I am the mayor of
the “X” city and to propose a better future city for the people because
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the city is no longer livable. In order to create a better city, I will have
to find out what a city is, its development and history, components,
elements and what makes a better city.
This project is aimed to expose us on how to design a sustainable
and livable city for the people. People ignore design that ignores
people. Hence, we have to design a place that suits the people
needs. In order to do so, I have to do researches on city planning.
After doing the comprehensive researches on what makes a
better city, I am required to produce a report to demonstrate my
understandings and the collection of data on what a city is.
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2.The City
2.1 The city definition
A city is a relatively permanent and highly organized center of
population, of greater size or importance than a town or village. Think of the
complexity of road systems, transportation, building laws, markets, food
distribution, educational systems, etc., and you get an idea of what is meant
by that statement. But that complexity didn't spring up overnight. It is the
result of long years of human development.
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For instance, the city of Kuala Lumpur, in the 1850s, it was nothing but a
large tin mine. Through years of development, it became the federal capital
and most populous city in Malaysia. It is also an urban agglomeration of 6.9
million. It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in the country, in
terms of population and economy. In a nutshell, it took over a century to
spring up to what it seems today.
2.2 Brief history of city
The first cities appeared in
Neolithic times when the
development of agricultural
techniques assured surplus crop
yields large enough to sustain a
permanent populations. Ancient
Greece saw the creation of the
city-
state,
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a form also important in the emergence of the Roman Empire as well as the
medieval Italian trading centers of Venice, Genoa, and Florence. After The
Middle Ages, cities came increasingly under the political control of
centralized government and served the interests of the nation-state. The
Industrial Revolution further transformed city life, as factory cities blossomed
rapidly in England, northwestern Europe, and the northeastern U.S. By the
mid-20th century, 30–60% of a country’s population might be living in its major
urban centers. With the rise of the automobile came the growth of suburbs
and urban sprawl, as factories, offices, and residences erected in earlier
periods became paged and obsolete. Today many cities suffer from lack of
adequate housing, sanitation, recreational space, and transportation
facilities, and face problems of inner-city decay or burgeoning shantytowns.
Local governments have sought to alleviate these problems through urban
planning.
2.3 What makes a city?
A city has professional administrators, regulations, and some form of
taxation (food and other necessities or means to trade for them) to feed the
government workers. The governments may be based on heredity, religion,
military power, work projects (such as canal building), food distribution, land
ownership, agriculture, commerce, manufacturing, finance, or a
combination of those.
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Besides that, a city consists of infrastructures and facilities for the
citizens. A city is also a place where human activities centered. Education is
centered at the city too. Last but not least, societies that live in cities are
often called civilizations.
2.4 What makes a good city?
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Now we know what a city is, but what is a good city? A good city
achieves resilience, inclusiveness and authenticity.
Resilience focuses on adaptability, flexibility and balance. It is about the
ability of a city to ‘invent’ or ‘re-invent’ itself through shocks and stresses to
harmoniously accommodate old and new values and to adapt the functions
and requirements of the city. It illustrate a city’s capacity to balance
continuity with change, heritage and innovation, natural spaces and the
urban environment to the benefit of its inhabitants.
Inclusiveness is about creating social integration and cohesion. Inclusive
cities are open for participation from the widest range of civil society,
irrespective to gender, age, ethnicity, cultural heritage, beliefs, religions and
economic status. Inhabitants should have equal opportunities to participate
in the activities of the city. Inclusiveness enhances community feelings, the
sense of ownership to the city, the sense of belonging to that place.
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Authenticity is the ability to maintain the local character of the city, the local
heritage, culture and environment. At the same time, a city needs to
accommodate social, economic and technological changes – and evolves
itself. The evolution needs to be sustainable and match the expectations of
the citizens.
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2.5 What is future cities?
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So what is future cities? There are no real definition on what is a future city.
We are still working towards that goal, and there are quite some approaches
that resembles future cities.
In order to build a future city, sustainable development is vital. Sustainable
development is an organizing principle for human life on a finite planet. It
posits a desirable future state for human societies in which living conditions
and resource-use meet human needs without undermining
the sustainability of natural systems and the environment, so that future
generations may also have their needs met.
Sustainable development ties together concern for the carrying
capacity of natural systems with the social and economic challenges faced
by humanity. The sustainability of human settlements is part of the relationship
between humans and their natural, social and built environments.
Fundamental human needs such as the availability and quality of air, water,
food and shelter are also the ecological foundations for sustainable
development.
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Sustainable agriculture may be defined as
consisting of environmentally friendly methods of
farming that allow the production of crops or
livestock without damage to human or natural
systems.
Sustainable energy is the sustainable provision of energy that is clean and
lasts for a long period of time. Unlike the fossil fuel that most of the countries
are using, renewable energy only produces little or even no pollution.
Sustainable architecture is architecture that seeks to minimize the negative
environmental impact of buildings by efficiency and moderation in the use of
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materials, energy, and development space. Sustainable architecture uses a
conscious approach to energy and ecological conservation in the design of
the built environment.
In a nutshell, future cities uses technology and communication to create
more efficient agglomerations in terms of competitiveness, innovation,
environment, energy, utilities, governance, and delivery of services to the
citizen.
3.Investigation & Data Collection:
Ancient Cities
3.1 History of ancient cities
Urbanization is the process by which rural communities grow to
form cities, or urban centers, and, by extension, the growth and expansion of
those cities. Urbanization began in
ancient Mesopotamia in
the Uruk Period (4300-3100 BCE) for
reasons scholars have not yet agreed
on. It is speculated, however, that a
particularly prosperous and efficient
village attracted the attention of other,
less prosperous, tribes who then
attached themselves to the successful
settlement. This process, then, gave rise
to the densely populated centers
which came to be known as 'cities’.
After Mesopotamia, this culture arose in Syria and Anatolia, as shown
by the city of Çatalhöyük (7500–5700BC). It is the largest Neolithic site found
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to date. Although it has sometimes been claimed that ancient Egypt lacked
urbanism, several types of urban settlements were found in ancient times.
The Indus Valley Civilization and
ancient China are two other areas with
major indigenous urban traditions. Among
the early Old World cities, Mohenjo-
daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in
present-day Pakistan, existing from about
2600 BC, was one of the largest, with a
population of 50,000 or more.
In ancient Greece, beginning in the early
1st millennium BC, there emerged
independent city-states that evolved for the
first time the notion of citizenship, becoming in
the process the archetype of the free city,
the polis.
Agriculture was practiced in sub-Saharan Africa since the third
millennium BC. Because of this, cities could develop as centers of non-
agricultural activity.
Excavations at early urban sites show that some cities were sparsely
populated political capitals, others were trade centers, and still other cities
had a primarily religious focus. Some cities had large dense populations,
whereas others carried out urban activities in the realms of politics or religion
without having large associated populations.
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3.2 Mohenjo Daro
Built around 2600 BCE, it was
one of the largest settlements of
the ancient Indus Valley
Civilization, known as
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the Harappan Civilization, which developed around 3000 BCE from the
prehistoric Indus culture and one of the world's earliest major urban
settlements, contemporaneous with the civilizations of ancient
Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Crete.
Mohenjo-daro was abandoned in the 19th century BCE, and was not
rediscovered until 1922. Significant excavation has since been conducted at
the site of the city, which was designated as UNESCO World Heritage Site in
1980. The site is currently threatened by erosion and improper restoration.
Mohenjo-daro was the most advanced city of its time, with remarkably
sophisticated civil engineering and urban planning. When the Indus
civilization went into sudden decline around 1900 BCE, Mohenjo-daro was
abandoned.
3.3 What makes it significant?
Mohenjo-daro has a planned layout based on a street grid
of rectilinear buildings. Most were built of fired and mortared brick; some
incorporated sun-dried mud-brick and wooden superstructures. Estimates of
the area covered by the city range from 85 to 200 hectares, with a "weak"
estimate of peak population at around 40,000.
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The sheer size of the city, and its provision of public buildings and
facilities, suggests a high level of social organization. The city is divided into
two parts, the so-called Citadel and the Lower City. The Citadel – a mud-
brick mound around 12 meters (39 ft) high – is known to have supported
public baths, a large residential structure designed to house about 5,000
citizens, and two large assembly halls. The city had a central marketplace,
with a large central well. Individual households or groups of households
obtained their water from smaller wells. Waste water was channeled to
covered drains that lined the major streets. Some houses, presumably those
of wealthier inhabitants, include rooms that appear to have been set aside
for bathing, and one building had an underground furnace (known as
a hypocaust), possibly for heated bathing. Most houses had inner courtyards,
with doors that opened onto side-lanes. Some buildings had two stories.
One large building in Mohenjo-daro, identified as a "Great Granary"
has certain wall-divisions in its massive wooden superstructure appeared to
be grain storage-bays, complete with air-ducts to dry the grain. Carts would
have brought grain from the countryside and unloaded them directly into the
bays.
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` Close to the "Great Granary" is a large and elaborate public bath,
sometimes called the Great Bath. From a colonnaded courtyard, steps lead
down to the brick-built pool, which was waterproofed by a lining of bitumen.
The pool measures 12 meters (39 ft) long, 7 meters (23 ft) wide and 2.4 meters
(7.9 ft) deep. It may have been used for religious purification. Other large
buildings include a "Pillared Hall", thought to be an assembly hall of some
kind, and the so-called "College Hall", a complex of buildings comprising 78
rooms, thought to have been a priestly residence.
Mohenjo-daro had no
series of city walls, but was
fortified with guard towers to
the west of the main
settlement, and defensive
fortifications to the south.
Considering these fortifications
and the structure of other
major Indus valley cities
like Harappa, it is postulated
that Mohenjo-daro was an
administrative center. Both Harappa and Mohenjo-daro share relatively the
same architectural layout, and were generally not heavily fortified like other
Indus Valley sites. It is obvious from the identical city layouts of all Indus sites
that there was some kind of political or administrative centrality, but the
extent and functioning of an administrative center remains unclear. Mohenjo-
daro was successively destroyed and rebuilt at least seven times. Each time,
the new cities were built directly on top of the old ones. Flooding by
the Indus is thought to have been the cause of destruction.
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3.4 Conclusion
Since ancient times, humans know the need of a city. As the rural
communities begin to grow, urbanization is vital. Through years of
urbanization, humans learned to master city planning. With the technologies
they had at that time, it’s really unimaginable that they were able to build a
city for themselves. But somehow, they did it.
It is not just a city that they were building, they were building systems. It
is not just the buildings they built made the city, there were governance &
policies, economies, social organization, transportations and so on. They were
learning to create a better city for the people.
Finally, humans were practicing city planning since thousands of years
ago and because of that, we are living in a highly organized, well-facilitated,
healthy city today.
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4.5 Information or elements to apply on ESPERO
After the extensive research on ancient city Mohenjo Daro, there are a
few elements that I would like to apply in my city:
High level of sophisticated civil engineering and urban planning. Urban
planning is very important as the design of the city must suit the needs of the
people.
Find new materials and create new ways to build the city.
We may be limited by the materials we need to build the city so we need to
find for new materials and be innovative to create new ways to build the city.
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Central trading place.
A place where all the economic activities centered.
Good waste management.
To ensure the sanitation of the city is well maintained.
Great use of space for residential area.
Construct areas for residential that is integrated into the activities of the
surroundings.
Storage base for food and water source.
Store food and water to support the population.
Self defense mechanisms.
The safety of the city and the inhabitants in it must be ensured to provide a
safe and comfortable place for them.
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Present Cities
4.1 History of present cities (Sydney)
The name Sydney comes from "Sydney Cove" which is where the English
admiral Arthur Phillip established the first settlement, after arriving with the First
Fleet. On 26 January 1788, he named it after Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount
Sydney, who was the home secretary at the time, and the man responsible
for the plan for the convict colony in Australia.
The "City of Sydney" was established on 20 July 1842 by the Corporation Act
which encompasses present-day Woolloomooloo, Surry Hills,
Chippendale and Pyrmont, an area of 11.65 km². There were six wards
established by boundary posts. A boundary post still exists in front of Sydney
Square.
The boundaries of the City of Sydney have changed fairly regularly since
1900. The Municipality of Camperdown was merged with the city in 1909.
Added in 1949 were Alexandria, Darlington, Erskineville, Newtown, Redfern,
Glebe, Waterloo, and Paddington. In 1968 the boundaries were changed
and many of these suburbs moved to be part of a new municipality of South
Sydney. South Sydney was brought back into the city in 1982, but became
separate again under the City of Sydney Act of 1988 and then became
smaller than its original size at 6.19 km². It grew again in February 2004 with the
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merger of the two council areas, and now has a population of approximately
170,000 people.
The City of Sydney is a major supporter of the Sydney Peace Prize.
4.2 City of Sydney
The City of Sydney is the local government area covering the Sydney central
business district and surrounding inner city suburbs of the greater metropolitan
area of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
The central business district of Sydney is roughly bounded by Circular
Quay and Sydney Harbour to the north, Macquarie Street to the east, Darling
Harbour to the west and Liverpool Street and Central railway station to the
south.
On 6 February 2004, the former local government area of the City of South
Sydney was formally merged into the City of Sydney. Suburbs within the
boundaries of the City of Sydney before the merger include the actual
downtown or central business district of Sydney itself, Pyrmont and Ultimo to
the west, Haymarket to the south and Woolloomooloo to the east and other
suburbs. Suburbs within the City of South Sydney before the merger
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included Alexandria, Darlington (now mostly occupied by the University of
Sydney), Erskineville, Newtown, Redfern, Glebe, Waterloo,Paddington.
The leader of the City of Sydney holds the title of the Lord Mayor of Sydney.
The current Lord Mayor is Cr. Clover Moore.
Sydney is well-endowed with open spaces and access to waterways,
and has many natural areas botanic gardens and parks. Within the CBD are
the Chinese Garden of Friendship, Hyde Park, The Domain and the Royal
Botanic Gardens.
The metropolitan area also contains prominent parks and gardens,
such as the Auburn Botanical Gardens, and national parks, including
the Royal National Park, the second oldest national park in the world, Ku-ring-
gai Chase National Park and several parks in Sydney's far west which are part
of the World Heritage listed Greater Blue Mountains Area.
Contemporary architecture
includes the Sydney Opera
House (1973), designed by Danish
architect Jørn Utzon. Described as
an "artistic monument", it is one of
the most recognisable landmarks in
both Sydney and Australia and is
a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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One Central Park (2013), an urban renewal
development in Ultimo, is a prominent example of green
design in Australian buildings and features vertical gardens.
Residential architectural styles
vary, with Victorian terrace houses
being most common in the inner city
regions, while single detached
family homes with mid to large
gardens are prevalent in the
suburbs. Harry Seidler built modernist
homes and skyscrapers in Sydney,
and designed prominent buildings
such as the MLC Centre, the Capita
Centre, and Australia Square.
Seidler's designs contrasted with the
"Sydney school" of the 1950s and
1960s, who favored more natural
and organic designs, often hidden
from view in bush land. This style of
architecture often utilized natural
local materials as structural
elements.
As the financial, manufacturing and economic hub of Australia,
Sydney has grown to become a wealthy and prosperous city and its residents
enjoy the world's second highest earnings when measured using domestic
purchasing power, among world cities. The largest economic sectors in
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Sydney, as measured by the number of people employed, include property
and business services, retail, manufacturing, and health and community
services. Sydney's Central Business District (CBD) extends southwards for about
3 km (2 mi) from Sydney Cove to the area around Central station. The Sydney
CBD is bounded on the east side by a chain of parkland, and the west
by Darling Harbour, a tourist and nightlife precinct.
Sydney has public, denominational and
independent schools. Public schools,
including pre-schools, primary and
secondary schools, and special schools are
administered by the New South Wales
Department of Education and Training.
There are four state-
administered education areas in Sydney,
that together co-ordinate 932 public
schools. Of the 30 selective high schools in the state, 25 are in Sydney.
Health services in Sydney are
delivered through a mix of public
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and private systems, funded by government (from tax revenue) and private
health insurance. The government of New South Wales, in particular
the Ministry of Health, operates several large public hospitals in the Sydney
metropolitan region
Road transport and the motor vehicle are the main
form of transports in Sydney. The road system consists
of an extensive network of freeways and toll roads.
Public transport in Sydney consists of an extensive
network of road transport as well as rail transport
and water transport modes.
4.4 Conclusion
Presently, people are able to manage a bigger city and the
population that is way bigger than the past. A better and highly organized
governance and policies brought a better living quality and standards to the
people.
Due to the advancement of technologies, we can now access from
one place to another place in just a few minutes even if it’s kilometers away.
Besides that, we can talk to our far distance friends at anytime and anywhere
we want. Hence, the world has no more boundaries. With this, the cities can
have diplomatic relationship to shares information and resources with other
cities.
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People nowadays strive for education and wellness. As we became
wiser since the ancient time, we realized that knowledge is very crucial for us.
By knowledge, we know one must be healthy in order to live longer.
Therefore, institutes and hospitals were built around us.
4.5 Information or elements to apply in ESPERO
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After the extensive researches on the city of Sydney, there are a few
elements I would like to apply in my city:
Big capacity.
To sustain great amount of people.
Green and open public places.
Built for the people to interact among themselves and at the same time,
enjoy.
Central business place.
Where all the economic activities centered.
Organized structure of government.
To lead the people to the right direction and prevent chaos between
people.
Efficient water storage.
Built to supply water easily to the people and dams are built to store water for
emergencies.
Education prepared.
For the younger ones so that they will be knowledgeable and do further
contributions to the city to make it better.
Health services provided for the people.
To ensure the wellness of them.
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Advanced and systematic transport system includes public transport system
built to make the peoples’ travelling easier
Future Cities
5.1 Masdar City
Masdar City is an arcology project in Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab
Emirates. Its core is a planned city, which is being built by Masdar, a
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subsidiary of Mubadala Development Company, with the majority of seed
capital provided by the Government of Abu Dhabi.
In 2008, Masdar City broke ground and embarked on a daring journey to
develop the world’s most sustainable eco-city. From its inception, city
planners knew that taking such a visionary concept to reality would be a
challenging and an evolutionary process. And today, through smart
investments, Masdar City is successfully pioneering a “green print” for how
cities can accommodate rapid urbanization and dramatically reduce
energy, water and waste. The bold dream has turned into a sustainable
operation – pushing the boundaries of smart design and technology.
For Masdar City to reach its full potential – and be replicable - it adheres to
the guiding principles of sustainability to ensure it delivers social,
environmental and economic value. This requires going beyond best
practices and proving that being sustainable is as much about creating
commercial opportunity and a quality lifestyle as it is about reducing the
carbon footprint.
The city, which combines ancient
Arabic architectural techniques with
modern technology, is naturally
cooler, captures prevailing winds
and is more comfortable during the
high summer temperatures. Masdar
City has terracotta walls decorated
with arabesque patterns. From a
distance, Masdar City looks like a
cube. The temperature on Masdar's
streets is generally 15 to 20°C cooler
than the surrounding desert. The temperature difference is due to Masdar's
unique construction. A 45-meter high wind tower modelled on traditional
Arab designs sucks air from above and pushes a cooling breeze through
Masdar's streets. The site is raised
above the surrounding land in
order to create a slight cooling
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effect. Buildings are clustered close together in order to create streets and
walkways shielded from the sun.
But the sun is also a blessing.
Harnessing the sun’s rays, Masdar
uses clean energy generated
onsite from rooftop solar and one
of the largest photovoltaic
installations in the Middle East.
At the city’s core is an innovation
engine. The city is growing its
neighborhoods around the Masdar
Institute of Science and
Technology – a research university
dedicated to cutting-edge
solutions in the fields of energy and
sustainability. The institute is Masdar
City’s nucleus, which extends a
spirit of innovation and
entrepreneurship throughout the
city. Companies can foster close ties with the university and partner to spark
economic growth and accelerate breakthrough technologies to market.
Masdar City is integrating a smart transportation network, which includes
cars, light rail, automated pod cars and a variety of electric-powered public
transport options. But most importantly, the city prioritizes walking, cycling and
public transportation as the city is very walkable and pedestrian friendly.
Under a revised design, public transport within the city will rely on methods
other than the PRTs. A driverless, point-to-point personal rapid transit (PRT)
system. Masdar will instead use a mix of electric vehicles and other clean-
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energy vehicles for mass transit inside the city. Centralized zero-carbon,
automated public transportation network.
5.3 Conclusion
From ancient till future cities, lots of smart technologies have been
added into city planning. Thus, this led to a better living environment in the
city. For a country that was born a dessert, relying on the technologies and
the knowledge they have, they were able to cool the temperature of the city
down to a 15 – 20 degree Celsius decline. How magnificent it can be.
Sun is an enemy for all dessert countries as it causes drought to the
people but they don’t hate on sun but blessed to have sun by their side. They
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harvest the sunlight to generate energy for their city and they made use of
the sunlight very well.
Lastly, the city is created to suit the need of widest range of people. No
matter who you are, you tend to feel enjoyable in that city as it is a very
friendly city.
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5.4 Information and elements to apply in ESPERO
After the extensive researches on future city, Masdar city, there are a
few elements I would like to apply in my city:
Utilize renewable energy.
So that the city is more efficient and self-sustaining.
Pedestrian friendly design.
So that the city is more walkable, accessible and livable.
Centralized automated zero carbon public transportations.
Uses public transportations that have zero emission for healthier environment.
Research and development area.
Provide cutting-edge solutions in fields of energy and sustainability.
Great orientation of buildings.
To seek maximum efficiency gains at the lowest cost by optimally orienting the
city grid and buildings
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Integration of the aspects of city life.
All aspects of city life are integrated so work, entertainment, recreation and
home are all in close proximity, for convenience and to minimize use of
transportation.
Vibrant urban realm.
In the city, as much focus has been put on the public spaces between the
buildings, as well on the buildings themselves. Thus, the streets and squares
invite people to enjoy the outdoors, where they interact and engage with
fellow students, residents, professionals and visitors.
6. Case study on the selected type of
the future city
6.1 COLUMBIA
Columbia is a city floating in the sky, commissioned by the United States
government and founded by Zachary Hale Comstock as a symbol of American
political and religious ideals. The city, capable of flight due to the scientific
discoveries of physicist Rosalind Lutece, was completed in 1893, and seceded from
the United States in 1902. It is the primary setting of BioShock Infinite.
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6.1 Important and interesting considerations
Columbia floats above the North American continent and is comprised of
neoclassical buildings similar to cities in the American Northeast (such as Boston) built
in the earlier days of the United States. While reactors, propellers and balloons are
present throughout the city, its ability to float is due to quantum levitation which
allows objects to be suspended indefinitely. The city is also designed with "rain-
catchers" that collect water from precipitation in the clouds to keep the vegetation
and populace supplied with water.
The city was designed with docking stations and propulsion devices to allow sections
of it to move about independently. Columbia was constructed for long distance
travel, allowing for national and international tours. The city had a regular route
across the United States with periodic stops near major cities, connecting to relay
stations which contain transport rockets. These rockets function as a means of entry
into Columbia, accessible via coded signal. Columbia's internal means of
transportation include zeppelins, cargo barges, hovercrafts, gondolas, and Sky-Lines.
Bridges are also automated to connect with different moving portions of the city at
various stations, scheduled like any other transportation system.
7. The New “X” City,
ESPERO
7.1 Why I created this city?
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In year 2077, the Final War, an atomic war deployed, devastating the land on
Earth. As the mayor of “X” city, I proposed the city in the air, ESPERO to create new
livable environment for the people, bringing hope once more to the people.
ESPERO is a 30 square kilometers floating in the air city. It flies within the
altitude of 1000m to 3000m.
7.2 Why is it in the air?
The Final War caused the land to be
desolated, non-livable for humans anymore.
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The air at that level is very poisonous, even If we gasp only one breathe of it,
the damage may be fatal or even cause death.
Besides that, diseases start to spread and affecting the health of the people
severely. To prevent the people from getting ill and die, the city have to be in
the air as the quality of air at that altitude is clean and germ-free. People will
be free of diseases and have extended longevity.
7.3 Characteristics of ESPERO
Protecting the city is a layer of membrane. It filters the air outside to
provide cleaner air for the city and it’s transparent so sunlight can enter.
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0xgen
gas
Air

There are only 2 levels in the city. The city floor and the Industrial zones
on the lower level. The human activities will be centered on the city floor
area.
Zoning and layout.
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The overall layout plan for ESPERO
The military and law enforcement unit
The capital and main government buildings
A welfare state is a concept of government in which the state plays a key
role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being
of its citizens. It is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable
distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to avail
themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life.
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F.R.E.N.S, the main entertainment area
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The Dome, the agricultural area
Vertical farming
The Dome practices vertical farming to save space and farm efficiently. It has
not only vegetables but with livestock together that have symbiotic
relationship between them. In this large scale of farming, the city can sustain
great amount of people due to sufficient food source.
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The R&D/ Education area
R&D area provides cutting-edge solutions in fields of energy and sustainability.
Aside of plain R&D, it provides the people a very comfortable study environment so
that they can study better and
further contribute to the city’s
development.
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Residential area
Pod-like design as the residential
houses as it is easy to maintain and
can stack up to several floors if there
is an increase in population.
The residential area is focused on the
city center so that people are
gathered together and they can
spread out to their workstation easily which means the accessibility is very
high.
On every fifth floor, there is an open deck installed to connect few blocks of
stacked up pods. People can interact and spend time on the green space
prepared for them. Besides that, groceries are placed on the deck too for
the people to buy anything they want.
The airport
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The Central Trading place
All economic activities is centered at this place. The most prosperous place in the
city.
Industrial area/ Energy
management
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Solar panels on rooftops
Airborne wind turbine installed around the flying city.
Transportation
Straddling bus
Its passenger compartment spans the width of two traffic lanes and sits high
above the road surface, on a pair of fencelike stilts that leave the road clear
for ordinary vehicle to pass underneath. It runs along a fixed route. It is six
meters, or about 20 feet, wide — is to be powered by a combination of
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municipal electricity and solar power derived from panels mounted on the
roofs of the vehicles and at bus stops. Fully automated.
The buses spread out from the
central station in the central
trading place and go to different
sections and interchange at the
central station again.
Bicycle
Bicycles is the
easiest and
greenest
transportation. In
the city, there are
designated bike
lanes for bicycle
users. The bicycles
is for public usage as they are installed at everywhere in the
city at the vertical bike stands along the streets side.
8.Conclusion
Doing this project, definitely is an eye opener to me. It made me to do
comprehensive researches and therefore, I managed to look at city
differently.
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Planning a city is not easy, it is not just building nice buildings and ignore
the needs of the people. The people in the city is what we need to focus on.
If the people don’t feel livable in the city, the city will not grow any further.
Making a city self-sustaining is also very important, it really cut down a lot
of energy usage and the maintenance required for us to deal with. Last but
not least, to learn how to plan a city, we must first learn the history, the
evolution since then till now, only we can create a better living city.
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9.Reference Links
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City
2. http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/urbanization/how_to_make_a_city_
great
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney
4. http://www.masdar.ae/en/#city/all
5. http://designmind.frogdesign.com/articles/envisioning-the-city-of-the-
future.html
6. http://bioshock.wikia.com/wiki/Columbia
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