Empires of the sea
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The document summarizes key figures and events in relations between the Ottoman Empire and Christian powers in the 16th century. It describes Suleiman the Magnificent as the sultan of the Ottoman Empire who fought against Charles V. It then discusses Pope Pius V's formation of the Holy League alliance to confront the Ottomans, led by Don Juan of Austria. Two significant battles are summarized: the 1565 Battle of Malta, where the Ottomans were defeated by the Knights of Malta, and the 1571 Battle of Lepanto, a major victory for the Holy League over the Ottoman navy.
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Empires of the sea
The document summarizes key figures and events in the conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Christian forces in the 16th century Mediterranean region. It describes Suleiman the Magnificent as the sultan of the Ottoman Empire who fought against his rival Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor. It also discusses Pope Pius V's formation of the Holy League alliance and Don Juan of Austria's leadership of the Holy League forces to major naval victories over the Ottomans at the battles of Malta (1565) and Lepanto (1571).
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The document summarizes important events in European history between 1576-1630:
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2) The Union of Utrecht in 1581 established the independence of the northern Netherlands from Spain as the United Provinces.
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Empires of the Sea
1. The document discusses major historical figures and battles in the 16th century involving Western European powers like Spain and the Knights of Malta and Eastern powers like the Ottoman Empire.
2. It describes Ottoman sultans like Suleiman I who led conquests in Europe and Selim II who came after him. It also discusses Corsair leaders like Oruch Reis who helped establish Ottoman presence in North Africa.
3. Major battles discussed include the Siege of Rhodes in 1522 where the Ottoman Empire expelled the Knights of Rhodes from the island, and the Battle of Lepanto in 1571 where a Holy League defeated the Ottoman navy, a significant defeat.
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Empires of the sea
The document discusses the Siege of Malta, the Battle of Lepanto, and the contest for control of the central Mediterranean region between the Ottoman Empire and Christendom in the 16th century. It provides background on Ptolemy's map and the interest in exploration and conquest of known lands. It describes the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent's expansion of Ottoman control across Southeast Europe and North Africa. It then summarizes the Siege of Malta by Suleiman against the Knights of Malta in 1565 and the pivotal Christian victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571 led by John of Austria.
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Empires of the sea
The document summarizes key figures and events in the conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Christian forces in the 16th century Mediterranean region. It describes Suleiman the Magnificent as the sultan of the Ottoman Empire who fought against his rival Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor. It also discusses Pope Pius V's formation of the Holy League alliance and Don Juan of Austria's leadership of the Holy League forces to major naval victories over the Ottomans at the battles of Malta (1565) and Lepanto (1571).
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Empires of the Sea
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3. Major battles discussed include the Siege of Rhodes in 1522 where the Ottoman Empire expelled the Knights of Rhodes from the island, and the Battle of Lepanto in 1571 where a Holy League defeated the Ottoman navy, a significant defeat.
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The Ottoman Empire began in 1299 in Turkey and lasted over 600 years, becoming one of the largest and most powerful empires in history. It grew rapidly by conquering neighboring lands and allowing conquered peoples to maintain their own cultures and religions as long as they paid taxes. The empire reached its peak under Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century, controlling territory from Hungary to the Persian Gulf. However, it began declining after his death, and was weakened by nationalism and debt, culminating in its defeat in World War I when the Ottoman lands were divided among Allied powers.
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The document discusses the Siege of Malta, the Battle of Lepanto, and the contest for control of the central Mediterranean region between the Ottoman Empire and Christendom in the 16th century. It provides background on Ptolemy's map and the interest in exploration and conquest of known lands. It describes the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent's expansion of Ottoman control across Southeast Europe and North Africa. It then summarizes the Siege of Malta by Suleiman against the Knights of Malta in 1565 and the pivotal Christian victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571 led by John of Austria.
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The Ottoman Empire began in 1299 in present-day Turkey and gradually expanded through conquest over the following centuries to control large portions of Europe, Africa, and Asia. At its peak under Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century, the empire encompassed Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. However, the empire then began a long period of decline due to overextension, economic troubles, and military defeats. It allied with the German Empire and Austria-Hungary in World War I but was defeated, and the empire was dissolved in the War of Independence and Treaty of Lausanne in 1922-1923.
Empires of the sea
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The Ottoman Empire began in 1299 and grew to control much of the Middle East and North Africa by 1500. However, it began declining after the death of Suleiman in 1566 and was weak by the 20th century. During World War I, the Ottomans sided with the Central Powers and lost territory. The 1918 collapse of the empire led to the Treaty of Sevres dividing Ottoman lands among Western powers, without regard for ethnic and religious groups, resulting in ongoing regional conflict.
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After World War I, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned by European powers into new Middle Eastern countries. However, the boundaries drawn by European politicians did not account for ethnic and religious groups living in the region, sowing conflict that continues today as various groups try to coexist within artificially constructed states.
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The Ottoman Empire began in 1299 in present-day Turkey and gradually expanded through conquest over the following centuries to control large portions of Europe, Africa, and Asia. At its peak under Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century, the empire encompassed Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. However, the empire then began a long period of decline due to overextension, economic troubles, and military defeats. It allied with the German Empire and Austria-Hungary in World War I but was defeated, and the empire was dissolved in the War of Independence and Treaty of Lausanne in 1922-1923.
Empires of the sea
Suleiman, the Ottoman Sultan, sought to expand his empire and capture new lands. He laid siege to the island of Rhodes in 1522, which was held by the Knights of Saint John. After months of fighting, the Knights were defeated and Rhodes fell to the Ottomans. In 1565, Suleiman laid siege to Malta but was unable to defeat the Knights of Saint John under Jean de Valette, marking the first defeat for Suleiman. Several Christian powers then assembled a navy under Don John of Austria and confronted the Ottomans at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571. After intense fighting, Don John emerged victorious over the Ottoman commander Ali Pasha, ending Ottoman expansion in the
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The document summarizes power struggles in medieval England between 1050-1450 CE. It describes how the Norman conquest in 1066 established Norman rule over England under William the Conqueror. This led to ongoing conflicts between kings, the nobility, and the Church as each sought to increase their power and influence. Key events included Henry II establishing common law and the jury system, and King John being forced to sign the Magna Carta by nobles in 1215, protecting individual rights and limiting monarchal power. Over time, the English Parliament emerged as a representative governing body with power over taxes and approval of wars.
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The document summarizes the history of the Hispanic Empire between the 16th and 17th centuries, when it was ruled by the House of Habsburg of Austria. It describes how Charles I inherited a vast empire through marriage and succession, but faced numerous revolts within Spain and wars against France, the Ottoman Empire, and Protestants. His son Philip II expanded the empire further but also battled France, the Ottomans, and England, leading to economic troubles. The empire began to decline in the 17th century despite attempts to centralize power and strictly enforce Catholicism.
The Hispanic Empire (16th- 17th centuries)
The document summarizes the history of the Hispanic Empire between the 16th and 17th centuries, when it was ruled by the House of Habsburg. It discusses the reigns of Charles I, Philip II, Philip III, and Philip IV. Key events included the conquests of the Aztec and Inca Empires expanding Spanish territory in the Americas, numerous wars across Europe defending Catholicism and the empire, revolts within Spain and the Netherlands due to religious persecution and taxation, and the gradual decline of Spanish power over the 17th century as it lost control of territories like Portugal and the Netherlands. By the late 1600s, the empire was greatly reduced in size and influence from its peak under Charles I and Philip II in
16th century
The document provides details about King Charles V and King Philip II of Spain from the 16th century, including:
1) Charles V inherited a vast empire from his parents and fought many wars to defend Catholicism against France, the Ottoman Empire, and German Protestants.
2) Philip II aimed to preserve and defend Catholicism through religious intolerance, continuing Charles V's wars and starting new conflicts, including against England.
3) Both monarchs oversaw the Spanish conquest and colonization of the Americas, establishing viceroy systems to govern the new Spanish Empire.
Ch.5 european absolutism
- Absolutism arose in Europe during a period when monarchs gained more power and ruled with absolute authority, justified by the Divine Right Theory that kings were chosen by God.
- Absolute monarchies had both strengths like efficiency and stability from one ruler, as well as weaknesses like being undemocratic and potentially violating individual rights.
- Major European absolute monarchies included Louis XIV's France, Phillip II's Spain during its Golden Age, and Peter the Great's modernizing rule in Russia from 1689-1725.
- England established a constitutional monarchy through the Glorious Revolution and Bill of Rights that limited royal power and established a cabinet system headed by a Prime Minister.
Empires of the sea
The document discusses key figures involved in conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and Christian forces in the 16th century Mediterranean region. It describes Suleiman the Magnificent's conquests as sultan of the Ottoman Empire and campaigns led across several regions from 1532-1555. It also outlines the careers of Jean Parisot de La Valette, who led the successful defense of Malta against the Turks in 1565, and Hayrettin Barbarossa, an Ottoman admiral known for his raids against European coasts. Finally, it discusses Don Juan of Austria's role as commander of the Holy League fleet that defeated the Turks at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571 and provides details on the Siege of Malta
The Hispanic Empire in the 16th century
This document provides an overview of the 16th century Iberian Peninsula under the rule of Charles V and Philip II of the Spanish Empire. It details Charles V's vast empire comprising Spain, the Netherlands, Austria, and more. It discusses the internal revolts he faced in Castile and Aragon as well as his numerous foreign wars against France, the Ottomans, and Protestants. The document also summarizes Philip II's reign, his continuation of the wars and defense of Catholicism that bankrupted the empire, and the price revolution caused by influxes of precious metals from the Americas.
Absolutism
Under absolutism in the 1600-1700s, several European powers centralized control around powerful monarchs. France emerged as the strongest nation under kings like Louis XIV, who believed "I am the state" and weakened nobles and Protestants to assert royal authority. Prussia also grew powerful with militaristic rulers like Frederick the Great, while Russia expanded under westernizing czars like Peter the Great and Catherine the Great through conquest and serfdom.
Jean Parisot de Valette.pdf
Jean Parisot de Valette was a French nobleman and 49th Grand Master of the Order of Malta, from 21 August 1557 to his death in 1568.
As a Knight Hospitaller, joining the order in the Langue de Provence, he fought with distinction against the Turks at Rhodes. As Grand Master, Valette became the Order’s hero and most illustrious leader, commanding the resistance against the Ottomans at the Great Siege of Malta in 1565, sometimes regarded as one of the greatest sieges of all time.
The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (Latin: Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), commonly known as the Knights Hospitalle, was a medieval and early modern Catholic military order. It was headquartered in the Kingdom of Jerusalem until 1291, on the island of Cyprus at Kolossi Castle from 1302 until 1310, on the island of Rhodes from 1310 until 1522, in Malta from 1530 until 1798 and at Saint Petersburg from 1799 until 1801.
La Valette was born into the noble La Valette family in Quercy, South-western France, which had been an important family in France for many generations, various members having participated in the Crusades. Jean Parisot’s grandfather, Bernard de La Valette, was a Knight and King’s Orderly, and his father Guillot was a Chevalier de France. Jean Parisot was a distant cousin (through their mutual ancestor Almaric, Seigneur de Parisot) of Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette, first Duke of Épernon.
Although his birth year is usually given as 1494, both chroniclers of the Great Siege of Malta, Francisco Balbi di Correggio and Hipolito Sans, say he was 67 at the time, thereby implying that he was born in 1498. In his history of the Order of St. John, the 18th-century historian Abbe Vertot (whose history is largely based on – but often contradicted – the earlier one of Giacomo Bosio) indicates that La Valette was indeed the same age as both Suleiman I and Kızılahmedli Mustafa Pasha (the commander of the Ottoman land forces), which would mean that he was actually 70 years old at the time of the siege.
Ch 14 Absolutism Part 1
The document summarizes the religious and political turmoil in Europe between 1560 and 1650. Wars were fought between Protestants and Catholics as each sought to increase their followers. Monarchs sought stability through absolutism and the divine right of kings amidst these crises. The French Wars of Religion in particular saw Calvinist Huguenots and Catholic factions battle for over 30 years until Henry IV took the throne and issued the Edict of Nantes granting Huguenots rights. Meanwhile, Philip II of Spain strongly advocated for militant Catholicism and tried to defeat the Protestant movement through force and marriage alliances, though his efforts bankrupted Spain. Elizabeth I established England as a Protestant power during this time through deft diplomacy and defeating
3.reformation and the wars of religion
The document discusses the history of the Protestant Reformation in Europe from the early 16th century through the Thirty Years' War in the early 17th century. It covers key figures like Erasmus, Martin Luther, John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli and events like the 95 Theses, the Peace of Augsburg, the Wars of Religion and the Thirty Years' War. The document also examines the Catholic Counter-Reformation and how the Reformation divided Europe along religious lines and led to prolonged periods of conflict and war.
Byzantium And The Middle Ages Part 12
1) The document describes the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453 AD with the Ottoman siege and capture of Constantinople.
2) It discusses the intellectual revival in the Peloponnese during the last years of the empire under the philosopher Plethon.
3) Plethon hoped his reforms could strengthen the empire against the Ottomans but they were not adopted in time to make a difference as the Ottomans tightened their control.
4) The document culminates with the Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II launching a massive assault on Constantinople in 1453, breaching the walls and ending the Byzantine Empire after Constantine XI died defending the city.
History of Leader in 1371AD to 1720AD
The purpose of this paper is to outline the events that happened in that era such that we can find Leader’s impact, significant events, innovations. These findings will help us better understanding the era from 1371 AD to 1720 AD.
Ottomanempire
The Ottoman Empire grew powerful under Suleiman the Great in the 16th century through military conquests. However, the Empire began declining in the 17th century due to military defeats, weak rulers, and internal revolts. The Tanzimat reforms in the 1850s failed to stop the decline due to continued losses and revolts. After World War 1, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned and the new nation of Turkey was formed under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who modernized Turkey and established it as a secular Muslim state through his six principles of republicanism, reformism, nationalism, populism, statism, and secularism.
The Habsburg Dynasty. Los Austrias en España
The Habsburg Dynasty. Los Austrias en España.
2º ESO. CSO.
IES "Diego Torrente Pérez" de San Clemente (Cuenca). Sección Bilingüe
Crusades - Ethics and Comparative Religion
The document discusses the Crusades, which were a series of military expeditions made by European Christians between the 11th and 13th centuries to recover the Holy Land from Muslim rule. It provides background on the Crusades, outlining religious, political, social, and economic reasons for them. It then summarizes each Crusade, including locations, results, involved Christian and Muslim powers. Finally, it discusses the results of the Crusades, including increased alienation between Christians and Muslims and revolutionizing European civilization and economic systems by exposure to advanced Muslim societies.
The Great Siege of Malta
The Great Siege of Malta in 1565 saw the Knights Hospitaller, led by Grand Master Jean de la Valette, successfully defend the island of Malta from an invasion force of over 40,000 Ottoman Turks led by Suleiman the Magnificent. The Turks aimed to take Malta in order to control Mediterranean trade routes and weaken the last bastion of Christianity in the region. The Knights and local Maltese defenders were greatly outnumbered but held out for months, inflicting heavy casualties, with their defense centered around the forts of St. Elmo, St. Michael, and St. Angelo. After a 35 day siege that saw intense bombardment and attacks, the small garrison at St
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The Hispanic Monarchy in the 16th and 17th centuries
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Empires of the sea
- 1. Empires of the Sea Phillip Tran History 150
- 2. Suleiman (1494-1566) Great Grandson of Mehmet the conquerer Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Inherited throne at 23 years old Led the invasion of Rhodes Is allied with the French to fight against Charles V Died at the age of 72
- 3. Charles V (1500-1558) King of the Holy Roman Empire Suleiman’s rival Had victory against Suleiman in the Siege of Vienna Had health problems due to generations of inbreeding in the family Died at 58
- 4. Pope St. Pius V Wanted to succeed where his predecessors failed He wanted to form a Christian alliance to confront the Ottomans He formed the Holy League He excommunicated Elizabeth I of England
- 5. Don Juan of Austria He is the illegitimate son of Charles V Was a military leader for his brother Philip of Spain He was the leader for the Holy League which fought against the Ottoman Empire in the Battle of Lepanto
- 6. The Battle for Malta(1565) The Ottoman Empire fought against the Knights Hospitallerand Christians. The Ottomans were lead by Mustapha. The knights were lead by Jean de Valette. The Christians were able to push the Ottomans out of Malta. Mustapha notified the news of defeat to Suleiman. Suleiman said that those who fought in Malta should be rewarded and promoted. The defeat was deleted from imperial record. Despite the Christians winning the battle, they knew that the Ottoman Empire was still a danger. It would just be a matter of time before they strike back. Malta was in ruins and many of its people were killed. People knew that Malta will not end the Ottoman ambition. The defeat did not change the Ottoman presence in the Mediterranean.
- 7. Battle of Lepanto (1571) This was a battle between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League and took place on October 7, 1571. The Holy League was an alliance of many Catholic powers formed by Pope St. Pius V. Don Juan of Austria was the leader of the Holy League. The battle was a victory for the Holy League. Although the battle was only a day, 40,000 men were killed. 25,000 of them were Ottoman soldiers. 12,000 Christian slaves were liberated.