Static pile passive aeration composting methods were developed for the disposal of animal carcasses and manure to prevent pathogens from escaping into the environment. Compost bins were constructed with thick walls of hay bales and lined with plastic. Aeration pipes at the bottom allowed air flow through buried animal tissues and manure mixed with straw. Prions in scrapie-infected sheep tissues showed degradation within 4 months, and carcasses composted for 45 days were sufficient to degrade over 65,000 broiler carcasses during an avian influenza outbreak in Canada.
Διατροφή στο www.mednutrition.gr
Είστε από εκείνους που βλέπουν τις θερμίδες σαν μικρά τερατάκια που μπαίνουν στη ντουλάπα και στενεύουν τα ρούχα σας; Μήπως για εσάς οι θερμίδες είναι εκείνοι οι τρομακτικοί αριθμοί στις συσκευασίες, που σας κάνουν να σκέφτεστε παντελόνια που δεν κλείνουν και κουμπιά που …ασφυκτιούν;
Όλα τα παραπάνω προφανώς είναι ο χιουμοριστικός τρόπος να δούμε και να κατανοήσουμε τις... «παρεξηγημένες» θερμίδες, οι οποίες δεν είναι τίποτε άλλο από τη μονάδα με την οποία μετράμε την ενέργεια που μας δίνουν οι τροφές και αυτή που δαπανά το σώμα μας για να κινηθεί.
Για το γεγονός ότι παχαίνουμε δεν φταίνε από μόνες τους οι θερμίδες της τροφής! Η αύξηση του βάρους οφείλεται στη διαταραχή του λεγόμενου ενεργειακού ισοζυγίου, δηλαδή στην ανισορροπία μεταξύ προσλαμβανόμενης και δαπανώμενης ενέργειας.
Το medNutrition, με τη νέα του καμπάνια «Τα μαθηματικά των θερμίδων», αναλαμβάνει να σας ενημερώσει για όλα όσα πρέπει να γνωρίζετε για το ενεργειακό ισοζύγιο και τις θερμίδες, για να βρείτε και να διατηρήσετε την τέλεια ισορροπία στην ...«τραμπάλα» της διατροφής και της σωματικής δραστηριότητας.
Βασικός στόχος της καμπάνιας είναι να βοηθήσει τον καταναλωτή να αντιληφθεί και τις δύο πλευρές της «εξίσωσης»: από τη μια να κατανοεί και να ελέγχει την ποσότητα, άρα την ενέργεια (θερμίδες) αυτών που καταναλώνει καθημερινά, και από την άλλη να προωθήσει την αξία της σωματικής δραστηριότητας, τόσο για τη διατήρηση του βάρους όσο και για έναν υγιεινό τρόπο ζωής, παροτρύνοντας να ενσωματώσει απλές και καθημερινές δραστηριότητες στη ζωή του.
Διατροφή στο www.mednutrition.gr
Είστε από εκείνους που βλέπουν τις θερμίδες σαν μικρά τερατάκια που μπαίνουν στη ντουλάπα και στενεύουν τα ρούχα σας; Μήπως για εσάς οι θερμίδες είναι εκείνοι οι τρομακτικοί αριθμοί στις συσκευασίες, που σας κάνουν να σκέφτεστε παντελόνια που δεν κλείνουν και κουμπιά που …ασφυκτιούν;
Όλα τα παραπάνω προφανώς είναι ο χιουμοριστικός τρόπος να δούμε και να κατανοήσουμε τις... «παρεξηγημένες» θερμίδες, οι οποίες δεν είναι τίποτε άλλο από τη μονάδα με την οποία μετράμε την ενέργεια που μας δίνουν οι τροφές και αυτή που δαπανά το σώμα μας για να κινηθεί.
Για το γεγονός ότι παχαίνουμε δεν φταίνε από μόνες τους οι θερμίδες της τροφής! Η αύξηση του βάρους οφείλεται στη διαταραχή του λεγόμενου ενεργειακού ισοζυγίου, δηλαδή στην ανισορροπία μεταξύ προσλαμβανόμενης και δαπανώμενης ενέργειας.
Το medNutrition, με τη νέα του καμπάνια «Τα μαθηματικά των θερμίδων», αναλαμβάνει να σας ενημερώσει για όλα όσα πρέπει να γνωρίζετε για το ενεργειακό ισοζύγιο και τις θερμίδες, για να βρείτε και να διατηρήσετε την τέλεια ισορροπία στην ...«τραμπάλα» της διατροφής και της σωματικής δραστηριότητας.
Βασικός στόχος της καμπάνιας είναι να βοηθήσει τον καταναλωτή να αντιληφθεί και τις δύο πλευρές της «εξίσωσης»: από τη μια να κατανοεί και να ελέγχει την ποσότητα, άρα την ενέργεια (θερμίδες) αυτών που καταναλώνει καθημερινά, και από την άλλη να προωθήσει την αξία της σωματικής δραστηριότητας, τόσο για τη διατήρηση του βάρους όσο και για έναν υγιεινό τρόπο ζωής, παροτρύνοντας να ενσωματώσει απλές και καθημερινές δραστηριότητες στη ζωή του.
Διατροφή στο www.mednutrition.gr
Η παρουσίαση απευθύνεται σε παιδιά σχολικής ηλικίας και έχει στόχο να τους δώσει πληροφορίες σχετικά με το ενεργειακό ισοζύγιο αλλά και την υγιεινή διατροφή και την άσκηση, με τρόπο ευχάριστο και κατανοητό τρόπο. Έχει εφαρμοστεί με επιτυχία σε παρουσιάσεις σε σχολεία και αποτελεί ένα εύχρηστο εργαλείο τον διαιτολόγο ή τον εκπαιδευτικό για την ενημέρωση/εκπαίδευση των παιδιών σε θέματα διατροφής και αγωγής υγείας.
Historical overview of male day-old chicks as animal feedHarm Kiezebrink
In 2013, more than 150 million chicks per year, male day-old chicks are used as high quality and nutritious ingredient on the diet of hundreds of species of wild animals that are held in zoos and breading centers.
In the past 30 years, the use of day-old chicks have been changed, from animal waste to high-end food for birds of pray, cranes and other animals living in zoos and fauna parks around the world. This change has become possible first, after the introduction of techniques to kill the animals without unnecessary stress or pain.
With the use of technology and daring to think out of the box and the entrepreneurial courage of only a view, the majority of all male day-old chicks that are produced in Europe are now being treated with respect during slaughter, completely in line with the EU directives EU 1099/2009 and EU 1069/2009.
Διατροφή στο www.mednutrition.gr
Η παρουσίαση απευθύνεται σε παιδιά σχολικής ηλικίας και έχει στόχο να τους δώσει πληροφορίες σχετικά με το ενεργειακό ισοζύγιο αλλά και την υγιεινή διατροφή και την άσκηση, με τρόπο ευχάριστο και κατανοητό τρόπο. Έχει εφαρμοστεί με επιτυχία σε παρουσιάσεις σε σχολεία και αποτελεί ένα εύχρηστο εργαλείο τον διαιτολόγο ή τον εκπαιδευτικό για την ενημέρωση/εκπαίδευση των παιδιών σε θέματα διατροφής και αγωγής υγείας.
Historical overview of male day-old chicks as animal feedHarm Kiezebrink
In 2013, more than 150 million chicks per year, male day-old chicks are used as high quality and nutritious ingredient on the diet of hundreds of species of wild animals that are held in zoos and breading centers.
In the past 30 years, the use of day-old chicks have been changed, from animal waste to high-end food for birds of pray, cranes and other animals living in zoos and fauna parks around the world. This change has become possible first, after the introduction of techniques to kill the animals without unnecessary stress or pain.
With the use of technology and daring to think out of the box and the entrepreneurial courage of only a view, the majority of all male day-old chicks that are produced in Europe are now being treated with respect during slaughter, completely in line with the EU directives EU 1099/2009 and EU 1069/2009.
University of Delaware on In house CompostingHarm Kiezebrink
This presentation is handling about Carcass Disposal through In house composting as one of the options to dispose carcasses after an outbreak. Complete depopulation of infected flocks is often required for highly virulent diseases such as Avian Influenza. Typical methods of disposal of poultry carcasses with highly virulent disease include: Composting - Incineration - Landfill disposal - Rendering - Burial.
Managing large-scale outbreaks at Farrow-to-Weaner FarmsHarm Kiezebrink
In the face of large-scale outbreaks of swine Influenza A Virus (swIAV), there's a call for exploring various strategies conducive to managing emergencies in field conditions.
Through subdivision, a customized approach can be embraced to enhance operational efficiency and effectiveness while mitigating the impact on individual farms. This tactic maximizes emergency deployment capacity and streamlines standard procedures. Moreover, leveraging the existing capacity of farming aids in alleviating scrutiny on animal welfare standards, presenting a notable advantage.
Proof of Principle Anoxia Method Poultry Science 2013Harm Kiezebrink
In May 2013, the results of the assessment of the Anoxia Method were published in Poultry Science (2013 Poultry Science 92:1145–1154). The focus of the assessment was on the welfare implications for poultry of the use of high-expansion gas-filled foam as a potentially humane, emergency killing method.
In laboratory trials, broiler chickens, adult laying hens, ducks, and turkeys were exposed to air-, N2-, or CO2-filled high expansion foam (expansion ratio 300:1) under standardized conditions.
One of the main conclusions was that the Anoxia Method is fundamentally different from low expansion fire fighting foam. Physiological observations and postmortem examination showed that the mode of action of the Anoxia Method is anoxia, not occlusion of the airway.
The most important conclusion however is that the trials provide proof – of - principle for the Anoxia Method (submersion in gas-filled, high expansion foam).
McKeegan et al concluded: The Anoxia Method provides a rapid and highly effective method of euthanasia, which may have potential to provide humane emergency killing or routine depopulation.
Foraging and chemical control of subterranean termites in a farm building at ...Muhammad Qasim
A study was conducted to investigate the direction of foraging of the termites towards a farm building (Entomological Research Laboratories, ERL) and efficacy of soil barrier inside this farm building at Post Graduate Research Station, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Foraging of the termites was determined by installing equally spaced PVC pipes with corrugated cardboard in them around building. Soil barrier of the most efficacious insecticide from bioassay test was created around a pit (0.48 m, 0.32 m width and 0.4 m deep) inside ERL. Chlorpyrifos and alpha cypermethrin proved the most effective against termites with LT50 of 3 hours each at a concentration of 1200 ppm. Foraging of termites from mulberry plantation was highest than from fallow field side towards the building. Soil barrier could prevent penetration of the insecticide mixed soil for only up to 15 days when 0.33% damage of wood pieces was observed. Application of soil barrier in an outdoor setting under local conditions against the termites is discussed.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
1. Emphasis on Biosecurity in development of composting methods for studies on
degradation of abnormal scrapie prions in tissues from sheep and for disposal of
poultry carcasses during an outbreak of avian influenza in Canada.
J. Lloyd Spencer, Hongsheng Huang, Jiewen Guan and Bryan Rennie
Ottawa Laboratory - Fallowfield , Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield
Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
Static pile passive aeration composting methods were developed for disposal of animal
carcasses and manure under conditions intended to prevent the escape of pathogens into
the environment. To provide insulation, compost bins were constructed with bales of hay
that gave the walls a thickness of 45 or 90 cm. The interior height was 1.6 m, width was
2.5 m and length was up to 4.5 m. The ground or floor within the bins was covered with
at least 0.3 m of hay. To contain liquids, the interior of bins were lined with heavy
plastic. Aeration was provided by drainage pipes placed towards the bottom of the bins.
The pipe was10 cm in diameter; flexible and perforated and the ends were brought out
over the top of the bins or through the wall to allow air to enter towards the bottom of the
mass. Bins were loaded with cattle or sheep manure mixed with straw. Animal carcasses
or tissue specimens were buried in the mass. The piles were covered with vapor barrier
fabric and this was covered with a 30 cm layer of hay or straw. The top of outdoor bins
were covered with plastic. The carcasses of two mature cows were degraded within 5
months in an outdoor bin. Based on Western blot techniques, abnormal prions in tissues
from sheep affected with scrapie had undergone varying degrees of degradation within 4
months in two indoor bins (Haung et al., Can. J. Vet . Res., 2006). For emergency
composting of poultry carcasses and manure during the 2004 outbreak of avian influenza
in Canada, bins consisted of two parallel rows of cement highway dividers that were 4.5
m apart. As above, the interior of the bins were lined with heavy plastic; aeration was
with drainage pipes and piles were covered with plastic. A pile length of 76 m was
sufficient for composting 65,000 market age broilers. Temperatures achieved in piles
were considered sufficient to have killed influenza virus and carcasses were degraded
within about 45 days.