1) The document discusses lessons learned from Nepal's 2015 earthquake regarding emergency sanitation services during and after disasters. 2) It notes that over 3 million people lost access to water supply and more than 350,000 toilets were damaged by the earthquake. 3) Innovative temporary sanitation technologies like the portable and foldable Ready-to-Install toilet and the low-water using SaTo Pan were effectively used to provide sanitation services during the emergency response.

1. Emergency Sanitation Services
(During and post Disaster)
learning from Nepal's Earthquake
Rajit Ojha

2. Two critical questions before we
start
How can we make our Sanitation Service Resilient?
(Disaster Risk Reduction)
How can we be able to respond quickly during emergencies
(Disaster Response)

3. Response in Emergencies

4. Damage from the earthquake
• Key damages in our sectors-
–5015 Schemes of water Supply affecting
more than 3 million Population
–More than 350,000 toilets

5. Impacts after Damages
• Vulnerability of the people towards health hazards
• Financial losses in terms of cost recovery
• Opportunity losses in terms of time saving (In Basic
water supply)
• Possible shift from No open defecation to open
defecation
• 2017 basic water supply and sanitation a national
goal(questionable now? Should we think of revising
our targets?)

6. Characteristics of Sanitation
services to be provided during
Emergency
• Should be addressing the
need of vulnerable
people(CGD friendly)
• Clean with all accessories
available and Water Supply
facilities.
• Water borne disease were
pretty less because of high
intervention in WASH
• Quick fix, easy to construct
Location : Timure,Rasuwa

7. Ready to install (RTI) toilet
• The inner dimension of
casing 32 x 36 inches and
height is 5 feet 9 inches.
• Features of RTI casing are:
– Cost effective
– Durable
– Light in weight (31 kg)
– Portable and Foldable (five
pieces)
– Easy and quick to install
(Takes 2-3 hours to install)
Source: ENPHO

8. Types of superstructures
Bamboo and CGI sheet
Double pan CGI sheet
Use of local materials
Source: ENPHO
Bamboo

9. SaTo Pan
• Innovative Technology used
during this earthquake
• Based on "Gravity Cleaning
Mechanism"
• Easy
• Less water consumed
• Can be brought to regular
development works where
there is water scarcity

11. In the light of Earthquake
• It is now necessary for us to think construction in a
different manner
• Sanitation has taken a new height in Nepal but not
in terms of technology its in terms of awareness
only
• Provide resilient technology to communities
• Risk Based Approach
• Segregation of data of local risk and integrate it
with design

12. The Modified Disaster Cycle
11/23/2015
Response
Preparedness
Reconstruction
Recovery
Mitigation
Prevention
12

13. Risk Based Approach

14. Example of Project selection
Provide low water technologies
such as SaTo Pan, EcoSan and
integrate it with behavioral
change

15. Nepal ranked-30th with respect to flood
High rise toilets , prevention from water
contamanitation

16. Conclusion
• In Response quick fix solution and more focus
on vulnerable people
• Possibility of Integration of Emergency
technology into development works such as
SaTo Pan
• Risk based planning nationally and locally

17. Thank You and Suggestions ??