This document discusses oncological emergencies and fever neutropenia in cancer patients. It provides guidelines for the diagnosis and management of fever neutropenia, including recommending empiric antibiotic and antifungal therapy for high-risk patients. It also addresses the impact of time to antibiotic treatment, risk-stratification tools for outpatient management, and appropriate use of prophylactic antibiotics.
Aspectos esenciales del abordaje del linfoma no hadgkin con enfasis en el Linfoma de celulas B grandes, Linfoma primario de SNC y Linfoma folicular. Epidemiologia, histología, diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico.
Aspectos esenciales del abordaje del linfoma no hadgkin con enfasis en el Linfoma de celulas B grandes, Linfoma primario de SNC y Linfoma folicular. Epidemiologia, histología, diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico.
Comparación en el manejo de la sepsis entre la Surviving Sepsis Campaign y el capítulo de sepsis del libro Evidence-based critical care de Paul E. Marik.
IV curso de actualización en medicina de familia de la srmFYC.
Actualización en diagnóstico y tratamiento de la fibrilación auricular
Dr. Lorente (cardiología), Dra. Peinado (medicina de familia).
La sepsis, que consiste en una respuesta inflamatoria sistémica a una infección, tiene una incidencia cada vez mayor. Es una condición común que se asocia con una tasa de mortalidad inaceptablemente alta del 20-30% y, para muchos de los que sobreviven, con una morbilidad a largo plazo. En los últimos 10 años se ha trabajado para aumentar la conciencia de gravedad y la importancia de detección e intervención rápida para reducir la mortalidad. La progresión desde infección a sepsis puede ser insidiosa e impredecible, por lo que son necesarios programas de concienciación pública a nivel nacional y para enseñar a las personas y a los trabajadores de la salud a reconocer la sepsis.
Ponencia realizada por la Dra. Cristina Mitroi en el directo online 'Anticoagulación y cáncer activo. ¿Qué sabemos y qué falta?', del ciclo COH19, celebrado en la Casa del Corazón el 4 de junio de 2019.
Una crisis hipertensiva es una elevación aguda de la presión arterial de etiología multifactorial que puede llegar a constituir una amenaza grave para la vida. Es vital reconocerlas con rapidez y tratarlas de manera efectiva.
Comparación en el manejo de la sepsis entre la Surviving Sepsis Campaign y el capítulo de sepsis del libro Evidence-based critical care de Paul E. Marik.
IV curso de actualización en medicina de familia de la srmFYC.
Actualización en diagnóstico y tratamiento de la fibrilación auricular
Dr. Lorente (cardiología), Dra. Peinado (medicina de familia).
La sepsis, que consiste en una respuesta inflamatoria sistémica a una infección, tiene una incidencia cada vez mayor. Es una condición común que se asocia con una tasa de mortalidad inaceptablemente alta del 20-30% y, para muchos de los que sobreviven, con una morbilidad a largo plazo. En los últimos 10 años se ha trabajado para aumentar la conciencia de gravedad y la importancia de detección e intervención rápida para reducir la mortalidad. La progresión desde infección a sepsis puede ser insidiosa e impredecible, por lo que son necesarios programas de concienciación pública a nivel nacional y para enseñar a las personas y a los trabajadores de la salud a reconocer la sepsis.
Ponencia realizada por la Dra. Cristina Mitroi en el directo online 'Anticoagulación y cáncer activo. ¿Qué sabemos y qué falta?', del ciclo COH19, celebrado en la Casa del Corazón el 4 de junio de 2019.
Una crisis hipertensiva es una elevación aguda de la presión arterial de etiología multifactorial que puede llegar a constituir una amenaza grave para la vida. Es vital reconocerlas con rapidez y tratarlas de manera efectiva.
Tratamiento inicial de pacientes posmenopáusicas con cáncer de mama HR+/her2-...Mauricio Lema
Versión 2 (definitiva): Presentado en la Clínica VIDA en 11.11.2016, por invitación de Jairo Estrada. Versión corregida (se corrigen errores en 3 diapositivas de la versión anterior).
Tratamiento inicial de cáncer de mama HR+/Her2- metastásico en postmenopáusicasMauricio Lema
Versión inicial (con errores): Presentado en junta de la Clínica VIDA, 11.11.2016. Invitado por Jairo Estrada. La versión corregida está en: http://www.slideshare.net/MauricioLema/tratamiento-inicial-de-pacientes-posmenopusicas-con-cncer-de-mama-hrher2-metastsico-una-visin-panormica
• Describe the role of antibiotic use in the
development of resistance
• Review toxicity of commonly used antibiotics
• Understand the prevalence and clinical impact
of carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae
• State the prognosis antimicrobial resistant
Staph aureus infections
•Describe the role of antibiotic use in the development of resistance
•Review toxicity of commonly used antibiotics
•Understand the prevalence and clinical impact of carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae
•State the prognosis antimicrobial resistant Staph aureus infections
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah
Emergencias oncológicas
1. Emergencias Oncológicas
Primer Simposio de Residentes de Medicina Interna – Universidad CES,
Medellín, Febrero 24 de 2017
Mauricio Lema Medina
Clínica de Oncología Astorga, Clínica SOMA, Medellín
11. Recuento de granulocitos después de
quimioterapia citotóxica
Día 1 Día 8 Día 15 Día 22
Inicio de ciclo de quimioterapia Inicio de ciclo de quimioterapia
ANC<500/mm3
13. Gérmenes resistentes en neutropenia febril – tips clínicos
Factores de riesgo para resistencia de los bacilos gramnegativos
- Haber recibido un betalactamico en los tres meses precedentes,
- Haber tenido uno de estos gérmenes previamente,
- Hospitalización reciente,
- Presencia de sondas o instrumentación.
Factores de riesgo para Pseudomona
- Haber estado intubado por más de 72 horas,
- Úlceras crónicas y
- Pneumopatías crónicamente infectadas.
Factores de riesgo para Staphylococcus meticilinoresistentes
(SAMR)
- Tener catéter,
- Haber recibido antibiótico betalactamico en los últimos tres meses
- Tener historia previa de haber tenido este germen antes.
Page 13
Carlos Betancur, 2017
14. Neutropenia febril
Infección identificada Sin Factor de Riesgo Con factor de riesgo
InestableEstable
Imipenem +
Vancomicina
Cefepime*Piperacilina/TazobactamRx apropiado
GNR: Gram Negativos resistentes / MRSA: Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a meticilina
* + Vancomicina si factor de riesgo para MRSA
Factores de riesgo
Para GNR: Hospitalización reciente; betalactámicos en los últimos 3 meses; historia de GNR
Para MRSA: Catéter; betalactámicos en los últimos 3 meses; historia de MRSA
Para Pseudomona: Intubación >72 horas; úlceras crónicas; pneumopatía crónicamente infectada
Neutropenia febril: Selección antibiótico empírico
15. Febrile neutropenia
Time to treatment
Resistance to antibiotics
Empiric antifungals
Prophylactic antibiotics
16. Impact of time to antibiotics on survival in patients with severe
sepsis or septic shock in whom early goal-directed therapy was
initiated in the emergency department.
Gaieski DF, Mikkelsen ME, Band RA, et al. Impact of time to antibiotics on survival in patients with
severe sepsis or septic shock in whom early goal-directed therapy was initiated in the emergency
department*. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(4):1045-1053. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181cc4824.
HR: 0.3 (Less vs More than 1 h)
17. Impact of time to antibiotics on survival in patients with severe
sepsis or septic shock in whom early goal-directed therapy was
initiated in the emergency department.
Gaieski DF, Mikkelsen ME, Band RA, et al. Impact of time to antibiotics on survival in patients with
severe sepsis or septic shock in whom early goal-directed therapy was initiated in the emergency
department*. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(4):1045-1053. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181cc4824.
HR: 0.5 (Less vs More than 1 h)
18. Antimicrobial prophylaxis and outpatient management of fever
and neutropenia in adults treated for malignancy: American
Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline.
Flowers CR, Seidenfeld J, Bow EJ, et al. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis and Outpatient Management of
Fever and Neutropenia in Adults Treated for Malignancy: American Society of Clinical Oncology
Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(6):794-810. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.45.8661
19. Antimicrobial prophylaxis and outpatient management of fever
and neutropenia in adults treated for malignancy: American
Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline.
• Assess risk for medical complications in patients
with FN using the Multinational Association for
Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) score ≥ 21
with no other risk factors defines low risk
• An oral fluoroquinolone plus
amoxicillin/clavulanate (or plus clindamycin for
those with penicillin allergy) is recommended for
initial empiric therapy, unless fluoroquinolone
prophylaxis was used before fever developed (see
text for alternatives)
Flowers CR, Seidenfeld J, Bow EJ, et al. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis and Outpatient Management of
Fever and Neutropenia in Adults Treated for Malignancy: American Society of Clinical Oncology
Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(6):794-810. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.45.8661
20. MRSA, VRE, ESBL-producing gram-negatives, and
carbapenemase-producing microorganisms,including Klebsiella
pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)
MRSA: vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, or
daptomycin.
VRE: linezolid or daptomycin.
ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae: carbapenems.
KPC-producing gram-negative bacteria: colistin or
tigecycline.
Akova M, Alp S. Management of febrile neutropenia in the era
of bacterial resistance. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2013;1(1):37-43.
doi:10.1177/2049936113475610.
21.
22. Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and
Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the
Infectious Diseases Society of America
Empiric antifungal therapy is recommended in
high-risk patients for IFD who have persistent
fever after 4–7 days of broad-spectrum
antibacterials and no identified infection source
Patterson TF, Thompson GR, Denning DW, et al. Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and
Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect
Dis. 2016;63(4):e1-e60. doi:10.1093/cid/ciw326.
23. Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and
Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the
Infectious Diseases Society of America
• 1. Hospitalized allogeneic HSCT recipients should be placed in a protected
environment to reduce mold exposure (strong recommendation; low-
quality evidence) .
• 2. These precautions can be reasonably applied to other highly
immunocompromised patients at increased risk for IA, such as patients
receiving induction/reinduction regimens for acute leukemia (strong
recommendation; low-quality evidence) .
• 3. In hospitals in which a protected environment is not available, we
recommend admission to a private room, no connection to construction
sites, and not allowing plants or cut flowers to be brought into the
patient's room (strong recommendation; low-quality evidence) .
• 4. We recommend reasonable precautions to reduce mold exposure
among outpatients at high risk for IA, including avoidance of gardening,
spreading mulch (compost), or close exposure to construction or
renovation (strong recommendation; low-quality evidence) .
Patterson TF, Thompson GR, Denning DW, et al. Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and
Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect
Dis. 2016;63(4):e1-e60. doi:10.1093/cid/ciw326.
24. Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and
Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the
Infectious Diseases Society of America
Prolonged neutropenia,
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
(HSCT),
Solid organ transplant (SOT),
Inherited or acquired immunodeficiencies,
Corticosteroid use
Patterson TF, Thompson GR, Denning DW, et al. Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and
Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect
Dis. 2016;63(4):e1-e60. doi:10.1093/cid/ciw326.
25.
26. Herbrecht R et al. N Engl J Med 2002;347:408-415.
Survival Curves for the Modified Intention-to-Treat Population According to Treatment
Group.
27. Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and
Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the
Infectious Diseases Society of America
• We recommend primary treatment with voriconazole
( strong recommendation; high-quality evidence ).
• Early initiation of antifungal therapy in patients with
strongly suspected IPA is warranted while a
diagnostic evaluation is conducted (strong
recommendation; high-quality evidence ).
• Alternative therapies include liposomal AmB ( strong
recommendation; moderate-quality evidence ),
isavuconazole ( strong recommendation; moderate-
quality evidence ), or other lipid formulations of AmB
( weak recommendation; low-quality evidence ).
Patterson TF, Thompson GR, Denning DW, et al. Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and
Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect
Dis. 2016;63(4):e1-e60. doi:10.1093/cid/ciw326.
28. Antimicrobial prophylaxis and
outpatient management of fever
and neutropenia in adults treated
for malignancy: American Society of
Clinical Oncology clinical practice
guideline.
Flowers CR, Seidenfeld J, Bow EJ, et al. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis and Outpatient Management of
Fever and Neutropenia in Adults Treated for Malignancy: American Society of Clinical Oncology
Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(6):794-810. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.45.8661
29. Antimicrobial prophylaxis and outpatient management of fever
and neutropenia in adults treated for malignancy: American
Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline.
Antibacterial and antifungal prophylaxis are only
recommended for patients expected to have <
100 neutrophils/μL for > 7 days,
An oral fluoroquinolone is preferred for
antibacterial prophylaxis and an oral triazole for
antifungal prophylaxis
Flowers CR, Seidenfeld J, Bow EJ, et al. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis and Outpatient Management of
Fever and Neutropenia in Adults Treated for Malignancy: American Society of Clinical Oncology
Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(6):794-810. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.45.8661
30.
31. Antimicrobial prophylaxis and outpatient management of fever
and neutropenia in adults treated for malignancy: American
Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline.
Antibacterial and antifungal prophylaxis are only
recommended for patients expected to have < 100
neutrophils/μL for > 7 days,
An oral fluoroquinolone is preferred for antibacterial
prophylaxis and an oral triazole for antifungal prophylaxis
Interventions such as footwear exchange, protected
environments, respiratory or surgical masks,
neutropenic diet, or nutritional supplements are not
recommended because evidence is lacking of clinical
benefits to patients from their use
Flowers CR, Seidenfeld J, Bow EJ, et al. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis and Outpatient Management of
Fever and Neutropenia in Adults Treated for Malignancy: American Society of Clinical Oncology
Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(6):794-810. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.45.8661
34. Hipercalcemia asociada a cáncer
Tipos de hipercalcemia asociada a cáncer
Tipo Frecuencia Metástasis
óseas
Agente
causal
Tipo de tumor
Hipercalcemia humoral
asociada a malignidad
80% Rara PTHrP Escamocelulares, renales,
ovario, endometrio, mama
Osteolítica 20% Universal Citokinas Mama, mieloma, linfoma
Vitamina D <1% Rara Vitamina D Linfoma
Hiperparatiroidismo
ectópico
<1% Variable PTH Variable
Wagner J, Arora S. Oncologic Metabolic Emergencies.
Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2014;32(3):509-525.
doi:10.1016/j.emc.2014.04.003.
35. Page 35
Hipercalcemia asociada a malignidad
Anorexia,
náuseas,
pérdida de
peso,
debilidad,
constipación y
alteraciones
en el estado
mental
Calcificación
metastásica (en
órganos)
Coma
Arritmias
Severidad (calcio sérico)
Náuseas y vómito severos,
deshidratación, disfunción
renal, estado confusional
severo con pérdida de la
conciencia
. Wagner J, Arora S. Oncologic Metabolic Emergencies.
Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2014;32(3):509-525.
doi:10.1016/j.emc.2014.04.003.
39. To treat or not to treat
“Most patients who experience hypercalcemia
of malignancy are in the last few weeks of their
lives, as shown by a median survival of 35 days
and a 2- year mortality of 72% in those with
aerodigestive squamous cancer, and it is also
predictive of early death in patients presenting
with multiple myeloma”
Wagner J, Arora S. Oncologic Metabolic Emergencies.
Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2014;32(3):509-525.
doi:10.1016/j.emc.2014.04.003.
41. LeGrand SB, Leskuski D, Zama I. Narrative Review: Furosemide for
Hypercalcemia: An Unproven yet Common Practice. Ann Intern Med.
2008;149(4):259. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-149-4-200808190-00007.
Narrative Review: Furosemide for Hypercalcemia: An
Unproven yet Common Practice
• Additional volume depletion
• Hypokalemia
• Worsening hypercalcemia
• Need for intensive monitoring of urine output
and electrolytes in an ICU.
Furosemide should only be used to reverse
overaggressive fluid replacement or in patients who
show signs of volume overload.
44. Denosumab for treatment of
hypercalcemia of malignancy
CONTEXT:
Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM) in patients with advanced cancer is often caused by excessive
osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Patients may not respond to or may relapse after iv
bisphosphonate therapy.
OBJECTIVE:
We investigated whether denosumab, a potent inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption,
reduces serum calcium in patients with bisphosphonate-refractory HCM.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
In this single-arm international study, participants had serum calcium levels corrected for albumin (CSC)
>12.5 mg/dL (3.1 mmol/L) despite bisphosphonates given >7 and ≤30 days before screening.
INTERVENTION:
Patients received 120 mg sc denosumab on days 1, 8, 15, and 29 and then every 4 weeks.
CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with HCM despite recent iv bisphosphonate treatment, denosumab lowered serum calcium
in 64% of patients within 10 days, inducing durable responses. Denosumab may offer a new treatment
option for HCM.
Hu MI, Glezerman IG, Leboulleux S, et al. Denosumab for
Treatment of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(9):3144-3152.
doi:10.1210/jc.2014-1001.
45. Denosumab for treatment of
hypercalcemia of malignancy
Hu MI, Glezerman IG, Leboulleux S, et al. Denosumab for
Treatment of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(9):3144-3152.
doi:10.1210/jc.2014-1001.
56. Prevención
• Si tiene riesgo intermedio o alto.
• Hidratación:
- 2 – 3 Lt/m2/día
- Vigilar gasto urinario (>2 ml/kg/h)
• Alcalinización de la orina:
- Previene deposición de cristales de urato.
- Precipita deposicón de cristales de fosfato de
calcio.
- HCO3: Sólo si hay acidosis metabólica.
Coiffier B, Altman A, Pui CH, et al. Guidelines for the management of pediatric and adult tumor lysis syndrome: an
evidence-based review. J Clin Oncol 2008
57. Prevención
• Alopurinol:
- No degrada el ácido úrico ya formado.
- 100 mg/m2 tid (max 800 mg/d).
- Iniciar 24 – 48 h antes de la QT y 7 días depsués.
• Rasburicasa:
- Degrada el AU ya formado a un compuesto más soluble.
- Ideal en pacientes con hiperuricemia de base.
- 0.2 mg/kg qd por 2 – 7 días.
Coiffier B, Altman A, Pui CH, et al. Guidelines for the management of pediatric and adult tumor lysis syndrome: an
evidence-based review. J Clin Oncol 2008
58. Control of plasma uric acid in adults at risk for tumor Lysis syndrome:
efficacy and safety of rasburicasealone and rasburicase followed by
allopurinol compared with allopurinol alone--results of a multicenter phase
III study.
PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Adults with hematologic malignancies at risk for hyperuricemia and tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) were
randomly assigned to rasburicase (0.20 mg/kg/d intravenously days 1-5), rasburicase plus allopurinol
(rasburicase 0.20 mg/kg/d days 1 to 3 followed by oral allopurinol 300 mg/d days 3 to 5), or allopurinol
(300 mg/d orally days 1 to 5).
Primary efficacy variable was plasma uric acid response rate defined as percentage of patients achieving
or maintaining plasma uric acid ≤ 7.5 mg/dL during days 3 to 7.
RESULTS:
Ninety-two patients received rasburicase, 92 rasburicase plus allopurinol, and 91 allopurinol.
Plasma uric acid response rate was 87% with rasburicase, 78% with rasburicase plus allopurinol, and
66% with allopurinol.
It was significantly greater for rasburicase than for allopurinol (P = .001) in the overall study population,
in patients at high risk for TLS (89% v 68%; P = .012), and in those with baseline hyperuricemia (90% v
53%; P = .015).
Time to plasma uric acid control in hyperuricemic patients was 4 hours for rasburicase, 4 hours for
rasburicase plus allopurinol, and 27 hours for allopurinol.
Cortes J, Moore JO, Maziarz RT, et al. Control of Plasma Uric Acid in Adults at Risk for Tumor Lysis Syndrome: Efficacy and Safety of
Rasburicase Alone and Rasburicase Followed by Allopurinol Compared With Allopurinol Alone—Results of a Multicenter Phase III
Study. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(27):4207-4213. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.26.8896.
59. Control of plasma uric acid in adults at risk for tumor Lysis syndrome:
efficacy and safety of rasburicasealone and rasburicase followed by
allopurinol compared with allopurinol alone--results of a multicenter phase
III study.
Cortes J, Moore JO, Maziarz RT, et al. Control of Plasma Uric Acid in Adults at Risk for Tumor Lysis Syndrome: Efficacy and Safety of
Rasburicase Alone and Rasburicase Followed by Allopurinol Compared With Allopurinol Alone—Results of a Multicenter Phase III
Study. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(27):4207-4213. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.26.8896.
60. Control of plasma uric acid in adults at risk for tumor Lysis syndrome:
efficacy and safety of rasburicasealone and rasburicase followed by
allopurinol compared with allopurinol alone--results of a multicenter phase
III study.
CONCLUSION:
In adults with hyperuricemia or at high risk for
TLS, rasburicase provided control of plasma uric
acid more rapidly than allopurinol.
Rasburicase was well tolerated as a single agent
and in sequential combination with allopurinol.
Cortes J, Moore JO, Maziarz RT, et al. Control of Plasma Uric Acid in Adults at Risk for Tumor Lysis Syndrome: Efficacy and Safety of
Rasburicase Alone and Rasburicase Followed by Allopurinol Compared With Allopurinol Alone—Results of a Multicenter Phase III
Study. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(27):4207-4213. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.26.8896.
61. A randomized trial of a single-dose rasburicase versus
five-daily doses in patients at risk for tumor lysis
syndrome
PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We evaluated the efficacy of rasburicase (0.15 mg/kg) administered as single
dose followed by as needed dosing (maximum five doses) versus daily dosing
for 5 days in adult patients at risk for TLS.
RESULTS:
Eighty of the 82 patients enrolled received rasburicase;
40 high risk [median uric acid (UA) 8.5 mg/dl; range, 1.5-19.7] and
40 potential risk (UA = 5.6 mg/dl; range, 2.4-7.4).
Seventy-nine patients (99%) experienced normalization in their UA within 4 h
after the first dose; 84% to an undetectable level (<0.7 mg/dl).
Thirty-nine of 40 (98%) patients in the daily-dose arm and 34 of 40 (85%)
patients in single-dose arm showed sustained UA response.
Vadhan-Raj S, Fayad LE, Fanale MA, et al. A randomized trial of a single-dose rasburicase versus five-daily doses
in patients at risk for tumor lysis syndrome. Ann Oncol. 2012;23(6):1640-1645. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr490.
62. A randomized trial of a single-dose rasburicase versus
five-daily doses in patients at risk for tumor lysis
syndrome
Vadhan-Raj S, Fayad LE, Fanale MA, et al. A randomized trial of a single-dose rasburicase versus five-daily doses
in patients at risk for tumor lysis syndrome. Ann Oncol. 2012;23(6):1640-1645. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr490.
63. A randomized trial of a single-dose rasburicase versus
five-daily doses in patients at risk for tumor lysis
syndrome
CONCLUSIONS:
Rasburicase is highly effective for prevention
and management of hyperuricemia in adults at
risk for TLS. Single-doserasburicase was effective
in most patients; only a subset of high-risk
patients required a second dose.
Vadhan-Raj S, Fayad LE, Fanale MA, et al. A randomized trial of a single-dose rasburicase versus five-daily doses
in patients at risk for tumor lysis syndrome. Ann Oncol. 2012;23(6):1640-1645. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr490.
65. Tratamiento
• UCI / monitoreo cardíaco.
• Líquidos.
• Trastornos hidroelectrolíticos:
- Hiperkalemia
- Hipocalcemia sintomática.
• Rasburicasa (si no la recibía).
• Diálisis: oliguria / anuria
Hiper K persisntente.
Hipo Ca sintomática por hiperfosfatemia
The tumor lysis syndrome. Howard SC et al. New England Journal of Medicine. 2001. May;364(19):1844-54
72. Radioterapia
Indicaciones:
- No candidato a cirugía.
- Después de cirugía.
Objetivo:
- Control del dolor.
- Control local del tumor.
Dosis: Variable.
- Generalmente pocas sesiones, altas dosis.
- 8 Gy (1 o 2 veces).
- MM: 30 Gy (10 sesiones).
Radiosensible Radioresistente
Linfoma. Melanoma.
Mieloma. RCC.
SCLC. NSCLC.
Ca próstata. Sarcomas.
Ca de mama.
Seminoma.
Short-course versus split-course radiotherapy in metastatic spinal cord compression: results of a phase III,
randomized, multicenter trial. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(15):3358.
74. Radioterapia estereotáxica
Cyberknife.
Tumores pequeños.
Ventajas:
- Menos daño a tejido adyacente.
- Efectiva en tumores radio resistentes.
Dosis: Dosis única alta.
- 26 – 24 Gy.
Local disease control after decompressive surgery and adjuvant high-dose single-fraction radiosurgery for spine metastases.
J Neurosurg Spine. 2010;13(1):87