The document discusses phonics rules for r-controlled vowels, including the sounds of ar, air, are, ear, and ear. It also covers collective nouns, possessive nouns and pronouns, parts of speech, severe weather, tornadoes and hurricanes. Vocabulary, conversations, reading comprehension questions and a spelling test are included as exercises.

1. B E G I N N E R
E N G L I S H
L E V E L 2
P R E S E N T A T I O N 8

2. P H O N I C S – C O N T R O L L E D ‘ R ’
When a vowel is followed by an ‘r’, the ‘r’ changes the sound that the vowel makes. The vowel
is called an r-controlled vowel.
ar- sound
car bar bark card
dark far hard jar
scar star harm charm
harp sharp start part
carve starve arch march
large barge arm park
smart art yarn Carl

3. P H O N I C S – C O N T R O L L E D ‘ R ’
air – sound
air chair hair chair
flair stair fair pair
lair affair despair impair
repair disrepair debonair mohair
eclair dairy hairy airbag
airbus airways airmen unfair
fairly airmail airdrop airfare
airwave airline airlift airtime

4. P H O N I C S – C O N T R O L L E D ‘ R ’
are - sound
care declare dare fare
scared hare pare rare
flare scare stare mare
ware blare glare share
spare aware beware
compare
bare nightmare warfare welfare
hardware software care prepare

5. P H O N I C S – C O N T R O L L E D ‘ R ’
ear - sound
bear unbearable beachwear underwear
footwear pear wear swear
tear forbearance knitwear sleepwear
ear – sound
near hear ear clear
dear smear year clearance
appear disappear earache eardrop
earful earphones earpieces earphone
earrings fearful fearless gear
midyear rear sears shear

6. C O N V E R S AT I O N S – T O R N A D O
Practical Exercise 1: View the video and answer the questions in the worksheets for Presentation 8.

7. C O N V E R S AT I O N S – S E V E R E W E AT H E R
Paul, what is the first
thing you must do if
there is a flood
warning in your area?
I would evacuate.
Good Paul.
Pam what would you
do if you did not
evacuate in time and
water was pouring into
your home?
I would pack water
and food. I would
also put on a warm
waterproof jacket.
I would climb out
of a window and
sit on the roof of
the house.
Joan, what would you
pack if you had to
make an emergency
exit and sit on your
roof.
1
2
3 4
5
6

8. V O C A B U L A R Y - E X T R E M E W E AT H E R
thunderstorm hail
tornado floods
Practical Exercise 2: Complete the exercise using the information on Slide 7 and 8 in the worksheet for Presentation

9. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - N O U N S
Collective Nouns – People
A cast of actors A team of climbers
A patrol of policemen A mob of rioters
A choir of singers An army of soldiers
A crowd of people A congregation of
worshippers

10. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - N O U N S
Collective Nouns – Animals
A herd of elephants A herd of cattle
A litter of kittens A litter of puppies
A school of dolphins A school of fish
A pride of lions A gaggle of geese

11. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - N O U N S
Collective Nouns – Things
A string of beads A peal of bells
A group of islands A pack of lies
A hail of bullets A cluster of coconuts
A set of china (teacups) A wad of notes
Practical Exercise 3: Complete the collective nouns in the worksheets for Presentation 8

12. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - N O U N S
Possessive Nouns
Nouns have a possessive form which is used to show
ownership. Such nouns are called possessive nouns. They
show ownership by adding an apostrophe and an s ( 's ) .
Place an apostrophe (‘) and an s after a singular noun to show it
is the owner of the noun.
Examples:
That is Tom's cat. (Tom is the owner of the cat.)
Who has taken my coffee cup’s cover?

13. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - N O U N S
Possessive Nouns
Apostrophe (') and an s ('s) after irregular plural noun to show possessive form.
If a noun is plural in an irregular way, add an apostrophe and an s to the end of
the plural noun. An irregular plural noun is when the noun changes in the plural
form, for example: mouse (singular) – mice (plural).
Examples:
He cut off the mice's tails.
I stepped on one of the children’s toys and fell.
They are renovating the elderly women's home.
The group's latest song has topped the charts for two weeks.

14. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - N O U N S
Possessive Nouns
An apostrophe is added to regular plural noun.
If a noun is plural and ends in an s, add only an apostrophe to the end of
the plural noun. No ‘s’ needs to follow the apostrophe.
Examples:
Some girls' hair is shorter than some boys' hair.
Their wives' parents took each other warmly by the hand.
The strong winds destroyed many of the villagers' houses.

15. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - N O U N S
Possessive Nouns
Examples continued:
The lambs' tails are docked (cut short) for hygiene reasons.
I haven’t settled the last three months’ telephone bills.
He had a three weeks' moustache growth drooping over his
mouth.
The holy books’ differences of the religions caused their
followers to fight.
Practical Exercise 4: Complete the exercise in the worksheet for Presentation 8.

16. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - P R O N O U N S
Possessive Pronoun
The possessive pronoun is the possessive form of the personal pronoun,
which we use in a sentence in place of a noun to express possession. A
possessive pronoun can stand on its own as a subject or an object and is
not followed by a noun.
Possessive Pronouns
Singular Plural
mine ours
yours yours
its theirs
his theirs
hers theirs

17. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - P R O N O U N S
Possessive Pronouns
Examples:
This puppy is mine. That kitten is yours.
The kennel is its.
He claimed that the money on the floor was his.
The blonde hair on your shirt must be hers.
Your newborn baby is much bigger than ours.
I think the old grandmother who wandered into our house is theirs.

18. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - P R O N O U N S
Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns are used either as subject or object.
Examples:
Yours (garden) has weeds all over. (Subject)
His(car) is black but hers (car) is white .(Subject)
Your dog has bitten mine (dog) on the stomach. (Object)
She likes theirs (parents) but dislikes ours (parents). (Object)
Practical Exercise 5: Complete the Possessive Pronouns in the worksheet for Presentation 8.

19. R E A D T H E S T O R Y
Severe Weather
Severe weather causes hazardous conditions. It is produced by thunderstorms, extreme winds,
flooding, hail, tornadoes, and winter storms, such as freezing rain, sleet, and snow.
All these conditions can impact our lives, and it is good to know what to do when these conditions occur.
Elements in nature cause severe weather conditions, for example, ocean currents, hot and cold airflow,
tectonic plates under the Earth’s surface.
Tornadoes and hurricanes are very similar. The only difference between the two is that tornadoes form
on land, and hurricanes form over water.
Tornadoes are formed when the sun heats the ground and the air on the Earth’s surface rises. Clouds
are formed. The warm air continues to rise higher and higher until the clouds are dark and very large.
The wind speed increases, the higher fast-moving air starts to spin, rolling like a large horizontal
cylinder. Powerful warm updraughts (wind going upward) tilt the cylinder vertically. Supercells form, and
the cold air in the supercell starts moving downwards. When it touches the ground, we call it a tornado.
Hurricanes, on the other hand, develop in the same way in the ocean near the equator. Winds carry
these to the Earth; when they touch down on the Earth’s surface, we call them hurricanes.
Practical Exercises 6: Read the comprehension and complete the answers in the worksheets for Presentation 8.

20. S P E L L I N G T E S T
Learn the spelling words on Slides 2, 3, 4, and 5 the ‘ar’, ‘air’,
‘are’ ‘ear’ and ‘ear’ sounds. Complete the test in Practical
Exercise 7 in your worksheets for Presentation 8.
Click on the icon below. Listen carefully and pause the audio
and write the word.