This document provides an English language lesson on phonics, vocabulary, grammar and reading related to the ocean. It includes: 1) Lists of words demonstrating the 'oi' and 'oy' vowel diphthongs, along with sample sentences. 2) A conversation and vocabulary about ocean life like dolphins, whales and fish. 3) Lessons and examples about parts of speech - nouns, pronouns and verbs. Collective nouns, who/which, principal verb parts are explained. 4) A short reading passage about the ocean covering its size, ecosystems and importance as a food source for humans. Accompanying comprehension questions follow.

1. B E G I N N E R
E N G L I S H
L E V E L 2
P R E S E N T A T I O N 7

2. P H O N I C S – V O W E L D I P H T H O N G S
‘oi’ sound
spoiler boiler broil oil
coil soil preboil voice
noise invoice broil embroil
steroid asteroid coin join
point joint void poison
spoil foil parboil toilet
boil toil topsoil turmoil

3. P H O N I C S – V O W E L D I P H T H O N G S
‘oy’ sound
alloy annoy boy coy
convoy deploy enjoy decoy
toy boycotts employ employee
employment employer deployment
clairvoyant
buoys annoyances boycotters
envoy
joy cowboy loyal royal
voyage oyster destroy toy

4. C O N V E R S AT I O N – T H E O C E A N

5. C O N V E R S AT I O N – I N T H E O C E A N
Did you see
that? The
shark is
afraid of the
dolphin.
Yes, it is frightened! Dolphins can injure a
shark by swimming full-speed into the
shark’s belly. This can cause the shark to
bleed internally. Sharks are frightened of
dolphins.

6. V O C A B U L A R Y – I N T H E O C E A N
dolphin
whale
shark
fish
crayfish / lobster
crab
starfish
jellyfish
octopus

7. T E S T Y O U R K N O W L E D G E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Practical Exercise 2: Complete the exercise in the worksheet for Presentation 7

8. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - N O U N S
Collective Nouns
A collective noun is a word for a group of items, people, or
animals. Example: a herd of cattle, a litter of puppies, a
galaxy of stars, and a party of friends. We speak of these as
a whole.
Depending on how a collective noun is expressed in a sentence,
a collection noun can take a singular or a plural verb. If
members of the group are viewed as a single unit acting
together, a singular verb is used. If they are regarded as
separate members acting individually, a plural verb is used.

9. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - N O U N S
Collective Nouns
A collective noun must use a correct pronoun; that is, a collective noun treated as singular
must use a singular possessive pronoun. But if a plural collective noun takes a plural
possessive pronoun. Look at the examples below.
Our team has won its first trophy. (The singular possessive pronoun is its, and it agrees
with the singular collective noun team.)
Our team are deciding on the strategy for their next game. (Plural possessive pronoun
their agrees with the plural collective noun team.)
The full orchestra led by its new conductor is performing in the city. (Singular)
The orchestra do not agree to the venue for their next performance. (Plural)
The audience showed its approval by clapping and cheering. (Singular)
When the curtain came down, the audience began leaving their seats. (Plural)

10. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - N O U N S
Collective Nouns – People
A team of players A class of pupils
A gang of robbers A crew of sailors
A panel of experts A staff of employees
A crowd of spectators A party of friends

11. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - N O U N S
Collective Nouns – things
A block of ice An orchard of apples
A bunch of bananas A shower of blows
A library of books A stack of hay
A bunch of keys A range of mountains
Practical Exercise 3: Complete the exercise in the worksheets for Presentation 7

12. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - P R O N O U N S
Who / Which
That and which refer to animals and things, not people. Who refers to
people. There is a different between using which and who. When
using which, we can use a verb, a pronoun, or a noun afterwards. But
when using who, we usually use a verb afterward the pronoun.
Examples:
That was the camera, which cost five hundred dollars. (Before verb
cost)
That was the camera, which he bought yesterday. (Before pronoun he)
That was the camera, which John got as a birthday present. (Before
noun John)

13. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - P R O N O U N S
Who / Whose
The relative pronouns ‘who’ is used for people, and ‘whose’ for people and things. We can use who to
join two sentences.
Examples:
Who lives in that 300-year-old mansion?
That is the man who is my father's bitter enemy.
In the last sentence, who refers to man which is a noun in the main clause, and it begins the relative
clause: who is my father’s bitter enemy.
‘Whose’ is used to show possession or relationship for both people and things.
Examples:
That is my uncle whose wife ran away with his twin brother.
That is an empty house whose owner is in prison.

14. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - P R O N O U N S
Whom / Whosoever
‘Whom’ is used to make a statement about human beings. It is used in
place of who when it is the object of a verb or when it comes after a
preposition or is an object of a preposition.
Examples:
The man whom the police arrested was a police officer. (Object of a verb)
The man to whom you should speak is the manager. (Object of a
preposition/after a preposition)
‘Whosoever’ is hardly used nowadays. It has about the same meaning as
whoever.
The preacher warns that whosoever disbelieves him will not be blessed.
Practical Exercise 4: Complete the exercise in the worksheet for Presentation 7.

15. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - V E R B S
Principal parts of Verbs
Verbs are used to express an action or a state of being.
There are four principal parts: present tense (or infinitive),
present participle, past tense, and past participle.
The base form of the verb, which is the simple form of the verb
(the infinitive without to) and the form that is found in a dictionary
are used to create all forms of verbs, especially verb tenses,
often with the use of helping verbs or auxiliary verbs (am, will,
was).

16. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - V E R B S
VERB Present
Tense
(Base form)
Present
Participle
Past Tense Past
Participle
cook I cook. I am cooking. I cooked I have cooked.
arrive He arrives He is arriving. He arrived. He has arrived.
break She breaks eggs
(into the bowl).
She is breaking
eggs (into the
bowl).
She broke eggs
(into the bowl).
She has broken
eggs (into the
bowl).
cut They cut (down
trees).
They are cutting
(down trees.)
They cut (down
trees).
They have cut
(down trees).
The four basic forms can be shown as follow:

17. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - V E R B S
Present tense
The present tense of a verb is its base form (cook, arrive, break,
cut) or it is sometimes called ‘infinitive’.
The present form is used to describe an action that is continuing
or happening at present or an event that is still in progress (is
watching / are competing [for the final]).
The present tense verbs are also used for the future tense with
helping verbs, such as will: will cook / will arrive / will break / will
cut.

18. PA R T S O F S P E E C H - V E R B S
Present Tense
The boy watches television.
The boy is watching television.
They listen in class.
They are listening in class.
I sing a song.
I am singing a song.
Practical Exercise 5: Complete the exercise in the worksheet for Presentation 7

19. R E A D T H E S T O R Y
The Ocean
The ocean covers over 70% of the Earth’s surface. It is a vast body of saltwater, and 95% of the
water on Earth is found in our oceans.
There is the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Artic Ocean, and the Southern Ocean,
which is the ocean around Antarctica.
Oceans have a significant impact on our weather, temperature, and food supply to all people and
animals. The sea remains a mystery because people have not mapped more the 80% of the
seafloor.
The ocean is home to the largest animal in the World, the Blue Whale. There are many different
species of whales and other animals found in the ocean. There are different types of dolphins, fish,
jellyfish, turtle, shark, etc.
Apart from the abundance of wildlife in our seas, there is also an abundance of plant life and
microscopic plankton. There is a food chain in each ecosystem, from sharks eating fish to fish eating
smaller fish or plant matter.
Humans enjoy eating fish. Fish is a very healthy source of protein. It is filled with Omega-3 fatty
acids and vitamins such as D and B2 (riboflavin). Fish is rich in calcium and phosphorus and a great
source of minerals, such as iron, zinc, iodine, magnesium, and potassium.
Next time you swim in the sea, you will imagine the vast amount of sea life which may be swimming
Practical Exercise 6: Read the comprehension and answer the questions in the worksheet for Presentation 7

20. S P E L L I N G T E S T
Learn the spelling words on Slides 2, and 3, the ‘oi’ and ‘oy’
sounds. Complete the test in Practical Exercise 7 in your
worksheets for Presentation 7.
Click on the icon below. Listen carefully and pause the audio
and write the word.