Elimination of Bonded Labour due to Bondage in the Brick Kilns in 4 Districts of Punjab

Mid Term Evaluation Report on Project
Contribute to Elimination of Bonded Labour due to Debt-
Bondage in the Brick Kilns in 4 Districts of Punjab
(EBLIK-4D)
January, 2018
DIRECTORATE GENERAL MONITORING & EVALUATION
PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB
72, Garden Block, Garden Town, Lahore .Pakistan Tel: +92-42-99233177-91
www.dgmepunjab.gov.pk / info@dgmepunjab.gov.pk

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ACRONYMS
ALC Adult Literacy Centre
BLC Bonded Labour Cell
CMC Centre Management Committee
DGM&E Directorate General Monitoring & Evaluation
DDSC Departmental Development Sub Committee
DCO District Coordination Officer
DOL District Officer Labour
DCC District Coordination Committee
EU European Union
ILO International Labour Organization
L&HRD Labour & Human Resource Department
LASU Legal Aid Service Unit
NFES Non-Formal Education School
O&M Operation & Maintenance
PC-I Planning Commission Performa-I
P&DD Planning & Development Department
SM Social Mobilizer
VA Veterinary Assistant

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acronyms III
List of Tables VIII
LIST of Graphs IX
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................ 11
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 14
1.1 The Bonded Labour .......................................................................15
1.1.1 Bonded labour issues .....................................................................................16
1.1.2 Situation of The Bonded labour in Pakistan...................................................17
1.2 Project Description & Justification ...............................................17
1.2.1 Target Population...........................................................................................19
1.3 Project at a Glance .......................................................................21
1.4 Project Objective and Interventions ...........................................22
1.5 Project Staff as Approved PC-I ....................................................24
1.6 The Evaluation Report: Purpose & Structure ..............................25
EVALUATION METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT .......................................................... 26
2.1 Team Formation..............................................................................28
2.2 Documents Review........................................................................29
2.3 Identification of Key Indicators ....................................................29

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2.4 Project Site Visits..............................................................................30
2.5 Interviews with Project Officials...................................................31
DG M& E ASSESSMENT............................................................................................... 32
3.1 Planned components/Interventions/Activities vs. Achieved ..32
3.2 Financial assessment (Planned vs. Actual) ................................37
3.2.1 Yearly Cost Breakdown ..................................................................................37
3.2.2 ADP allocation vs. Actual Releases & Actual Expenditures............................38
3.2.3 Procurement and Physical Verification of Items............................................39
3.3 Project Duration..............................................................................44
3.4 Process Analysis ..............................................................................44
3.4.1 Status of 200 NFES and 40 ALC ......................................................................44
3.4.2 Status of Enrolment at NFES and ALC ............................................................45
3.4.3 Assessment of NFES and ALC - Learners........................................................49
3.4.4 Assessment - of NFES and ALC - Facilities......................................................51
3.4.5 Assessment of NFES - Teacher .......................................................................52
3.4.6 Status of Health and Hygiene Services...........................................................53
3.4.7 Status of Veterinary Services .........................................................................56
3.4.8 Status of Facilitation in Acquiring new CNICs ................................................59
OBSERVATIONS ......................................................................................................... 61
RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................................. 63

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Annexure A1: Directions of the Apex Court...........................................................65
Annexure A2: Identification of the locations for establishing NFEs & ALCs.......66
Annexure A3: Monitoring of the performance of children and teachers ........67
Annexure B: Printing & distribution of health & Hygiene awareness broachers68
Annexure B1: Health & Hygiene Camps at selected areas ................................69
Annexure C: Performa for Providing Veterinary Services ....................................70
Annexure D: Data Collection for Providing CNICs ...............................................71
Annexure E: Establishment of Legal Aid Service Unit............................................72
Annexure E1: Provided Free Legal Aid Assistance................................................74
Annexure F: Multi-Stakeholders Dialogues.............................................................75
Annexure G: Brick Making Technology ..................................................................76
Annexure H: Notifications of DCCs..........................................................................77
Annexure H1: Meetings of DCCs .............................................................................78
Annexure I: Procurement of Physical Assets ..........................................................79
Annexure J: NFE Centres Visited ..............................................................................80

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Project at Glance............................................................................................................................21
Table 2: Project Staff....................................................................................................................................24
Table 3: Population Proportion sampling technique...................................................................................26
Table 4: Project - Bonded Labour Cell, Field Visits ......................................................................................30
Table 5: Interviews with Project Officials....................................................................................................31
Table 6: Planned vs. Achieved Objectives ...................................................................................................32
Table 7: Year wise ADP Allocation vs. Actual Release .................................................................................38
Table 8: Procurement and Physical Verification..........................................................................................39
Table 9: Enrollment at ALCs.........................................................................................................................47
Table 10: Sample Size ..................................................................................................................................49
Table 11: Sample Size (District wise Distribution).......................................................................................49

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LIST OF GRAPHS
Figure 1: Schematic Flow/ Diagram of Evaluation Process .........................................................................27
Graph 2: Year wise Cost Breakdown ...........................................................................................................37
Graph 3: ADP Allocations vs. Actual Release & Expenditures.....................................................................38
Graph 4: Procurement of Physical Assets....................................................................................................43
Graph 5: NFE Centers Current Status ..........................................................................................................44
Graph 6: NFE Learners Enrollment Status ...................................................................................................45
Graph 7: District wise Proportionate of NFE Learners Enrollment .............................................................45
Graph 8: NFE Learners Enrollment – Current Status...................................................................................46
Graph 9: District wise proportionate of NFE Learners Enrollment .............................................................46
Graph 10: ALCS Enrollment at .....................................................................................................................47
Graph 11: Children enrollment at brick kilns...............................................................................................48
Graph 12: Children support in work at brick kilns.......................................................................................48
Graph 13: Class wise Proportionate of NFE Learners (Based on Evaluation)..............................................50
Graph 14: Assessment of NFE Learners (Based on Evaluation)...................................................................50
Graph 15: Assessment Non Formal Education Centers – Facilities.............................................................51
Graph 16: Teachers Assessment of NFE Centers.........................................................................................52
Graph 17: Medical camp on health & hygiene............................................................................................54
Graph 18: Health & Hygiene Kits Distribution.............................................................................................55

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Graph 19: Effectiveness of Health & Hygiene Services ...............................................................................55
Graph 20: Live Stock ....................................................................................................................................56
Graph 21: Live Stock -Analysis.....................................................................................................................56
Graph 22: Visits of Veterinary Assistants ....................................................................................................57
Graph 23: Quality of Veterinary Services ....................................................................................................58
Graph 24: CNIC Acquired by Adult Family Members ..................................................................................60
Graph 25: Access to Social Services through CNIC ......................................................................................60

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report is aimed to analysis and evaluate the project’s objectives/targets verses the achievements
made till May 31, 2017, project conceived for Elimination of Bonded Labour in 04 Districts of Punjab
(EBLIK-4D), total cost of Rs. 196.987 million had been prepared and submitted for approval from
concerned authorities and recommendations for further improvements in the project implementation in
order to achieve desired outcomes and have sustainable impact.
Elimination of Bonded Labour in 04 Districts of Punjab (EBLIK-4D) Project had been designed in order to
fulfill Government of Punjab’s provincial laws enacted in pursuance of such international commitments
to eliminate all forms of bonded labour in the shortest possible time as well as various federal and.
Pakistan’s international and national commitments/obligations under the various conventions and
treaties it had signed earlier.
Ending slavery or forced (bonded) labour requires targeted action to change laws, to bring offenders to
justice, to protect victims and to empower those at risk. While some measures of prevention, such as
eliminating abusive recruitment and wage payment systems or enabling children to attend school, can
go a long way in addressing systemic problems of injustice, much more is needed to ensure decent work
for all.
EBLIK-4D project had proposed a set of activities that are necessary to address the root causes of
bonded labour in brick kilns. It includes ways and means to improve the access to social services for the
brick kiln workers and their families who are victims of bonded labour through the provision of CNICs to
brick kiln workers and Birth Registration Certificates to their children, education (non-formal, adult
literacy), health & hygiene, access to justice (legal aid services unit) and veterinary assistant through a
number of project components.
As the importance of social research in addressing problems can hardly is overstated so it had a
component of Research studies on the ‘Nature and dimensions of bonded labour in brick kilns of target
districts. It also had a component for promotion of the achievement of the project through internet,
print and electronic media.
Bonded labour cell with technical assistance and involvement of CIWCE had to develop modern
technology for labour-empowering and productivity-enhancing brick making technology.

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Under the project BLC had to organize multi-stakeholder dialogues and publicise proceedings through
media in order to develop a shared understanding of the debt-bondage issues and strategies to counter
the same. The respective DCOs of 4 target districts had been asked to form a special District
Coordination Committees of the project to support the project activities and review the progress in their
respective districts.
No social intervention can bring the desired results without the involvement of stakeholders. In this case
the real stakeholders were the families and employers at brick kilns. Project had an intervention to
mobilise these stakeholders through formation of local committees at brick kilns.
Evaluation enables project stakeholders to trace the feedback process that links project outcomes with
objectives. Evaluating a project’s outcomes against its objectives (which were previously decided upon
during the planning stage) helps to determine its success in achieving those objectives. Effective
evaluation is the connecting factor between all stages of the project life cycle, as evaluation findings
improve the planning process of future projects by generating new ideas and approaches.
The evaluation methodology adopted was a comprehensive desk literature review, field visit of project
districts, statistical analysis quantitative and review of qualitative data by the evaluation team. Overall
performance of the project is partially satisfactory, when compared to PC-I targets.
It was observed that there were serious mistakes in planningEBLIK-4D project mainly “external
verification of brick kilns for elimination of bonded labour” while there is no such specialized
organization. Second, neither key verifiable indicators were set nor M&E system was devised with PC-I
as no proper baseline survey/research studies had been conducted. Third, no specific targets had been
set for provision of health and hygiene services, veterinary services, provision of micro finance.
During implementation of EBLIK-4D project the major observations were failure of Bonded Labour Cell
to develop elaborate M&E System for every intervention. Hiring of female social mobilizers was
restrained while main target of project are brick kiln workers their families & children. Promotion of the
achievements of the project interventions through internet, print and electronic media had been
ignored as on online database could be developed and implemented.

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It is strongly recommended that Intervention of provision of non-formal education to children of
families at brick kilns and adult literacy for other family members must be reviewed and bring under
consideration the factor of early child education and psycho-socio capacity building of adults.
Online database should be interactive and in real time share updated status of beneficiaries who have
been facilitation in acquiring of CNICs of adults and Birth Registration of Children in 04 project districts
along with other project
Overall performance of the project is satisfactory in comparison with targets set in PC-I. But in
compliance of above mentioned observations & recommendations, elaborated in detail further under
relevant headings, it is strongly recommended to develop online database and immediately revise PC-I.
As well as research studies, public awareness, social media campaigns and up-to-date management
information system (MIS)/online database, strengthening provision of legal aid services should be key
areas of focus till the completion of the project.
Mr. Shoaib Kamran
Individual Consultant

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INTRODUCTION
Bonded (Forced) labour can not be imposed to adults and children, by State authorities, by private
enterprises or by individuals. It is observed in all types of economic activity, such as domestic work,
construction, agriculture, manufacturing, sexual exploitation, forced begging, etc. Bonded (Forced)
labour is different from sub-standard or exploitative working conditions. Various indicators can be used
to ascertain when a situation amounts to forced labour, such as restrictions on workers’ freedom of
movement, withholding of wages or identity documents, physical or sexual violence, threats and
intimidation or fraudulent debt from which workers cannot escape.
Based on the impact assessment of the EBLIK project being implemented in Lahore and Kasur districts,
stakeholder consultation and a comprehensive review of the existing literature on bonded labour in the
brick-kiln sector in Pakistan, the project had proposed a set of activities that are necessary to eliminate
debt-bondage in the brick-kiln of the four selected districts.
Government of the Punjab in the Labour and Human Resource Department has intended to undertake a
6 years project (2012-18) for elimination of bonded labour in the brick-kilns of four districts of Punjab,
namely, Sargodha, Faisalabad, Gujarat, Bahawalpur, Districts in order to replicate the interventions of
similar project being implemented in Lahore and Kasur districts.
In June 2014, governments, employers and workers at the ILO International Labour Conference (ILC)
decided to give new impetus to the global fight against forced labour, including trafficking in persons
and slavery-like practices. They voted overwhelmingly to adopt the Protocol of 2014 to the Forced
Labour Convention, 1930 and the Forced Labour (Supplementary Measures) Recommendation, 2014
(No. 203) which supplement the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), and complement existing
international instruments by providing specific guidance on effective measures to be taken regarding
prevention, protection and remedy to eliminate all forms of forced labour.
EBLIK-4D project had proposed a set of activities that are necessary to address the root causes of
bonded labour in brick kilns. It includes ways and means to improve the access to social services for the
brick kiln workers and their families who are victim of bonded labour. The project had included a
strategy of provision of CNICs to brick kiln workers and Birth Registration Certificates to their children in
order to effectively link target families with the social service provided by the government such as

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education (non-formal, adult literacy), health & hygiene, access to justice (legal aid services unit) and
veterinary assistant through a number of project components. Bonded labour cell with technical
assistance and involvement of CIWCE has to develop modern technology for labour-empowering and
productivity-enhancing brick making technology.
The respective DCOs of 4 target districts had been asked to form a special District Coordination
Committees of the project to support the project activities and review the progress in their respective
districts. Under the project BLC had to organise multi-stakeholder dialogues and publicise proceedings
through media in order to develop a shared understanding of the debt-bondage issues and strategies to
counter the same. No social intervention can bring the desired results without the involvement of
stakeholders. In this case the real stakeholders were the families and employers at brick kilns. Project
had an intervention to mobilise these stakeholders through formation of local committees at brick kilns.
The project had been undertaken by the L&HR Department during the period 2012-18. It includes ways
and means to improve brick-kiln workers’ access to social services, health, education and legal recourse.
The project will also attempt to test the various technologies for brick making and work out financial and
technical models which can be used to enhance the productivity and earning and to improve the health
and safety of brick kiln workers.
1.1 THE BONDED LABOUR
Bonded (Forced) labour can be understood as work that is performed involuntarily and under the
menace of any penalty. It refers to situations in which persons are coerced to work through the use of
violence or intimidation or by more subtle means such as manipulated debt, retention of identity papers
or threats of denunciation to immigration authorities.
According to the ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), forced or compulsory labour is:
“all work or service which is exacted from any person under the threat of a penalty and for which the
person has not offered himself or herself voluntarily."
The Forced Labour Protocol (Article 1(3)) explicitly reaffirms this definition.
This definition consists of three elements:

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I. Work or service refers to all types of work occurring in any activity, industry or sector
including in the informal economy.
II. Menace of any penalty refers to a wide range of penalties used to compel someone to
work.
III. Involuntariness: The terms “offered voluntarily” refer to the free and informed consent of
a worker to take a job and his or her freedom to leave at any time. This is not the case for
example when an employer or recruiter makes false promises so that a worker take a job
he or she would not otherwise have accepted.
IV. THE PUNJAB PROHIBITION OF CHILD LABOUR AT BRICK KILNS ACT 2016 (XXXVII of 2016)
"bonded labourers” means a labourers who incurs, or has, or is presumed to have,
incurred, a bonded debt as defined under section 2 of the Bonded Labour System
(Abolition) Act, 1992 (III of 1992);
1.1.1 BONDED LABOUR ISSUES
Main issues relating to the system of bonded labour in the socio-economic context can be described as
follows:-
 Loans and advances extended by creditors to ensure timely availability and supply of labour.
 Advance aim to keep the labour under control.
 Loans are never paid. Before any loan is realized, further amounts are advanced to meet further
needs of workers. This chain continues indefinitely. Such an arrangement leads to un-payable
debt and severe conditions of bondage.
 In the agriculture sector, a hari with low remuneration is the sole victim of the system.
 Mobility of the bonded labourers is restricted and so they cannot supplement their income by
working elsewhere or doing a secondary job.
 Debts are transferred from generation to generation and the labourers can hardly get rid of the
system. Landlords being influential persons find ways and means to defeat the purpose of the
law.
 Relief Camps for bonded labour established by certain human rights activists as temporary
arrangement in certain localities suffer from bad management and unhealthy sanitation
conditions.

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1.1.2 SITUATION OF THE BONDED LABOUR IN PAKISTAN
“The practice of debt bondage in Pakistan is commonly known as Peshgi system. Instead of just seeking
wages in exchange for their work, poor workers take an advance from an employer, in money or in kind,
under the obligation to work for that employer until their debt are paid off. The loan (peshgi) may be
taken for many reasons. Sometimes workers are in desperate need of money or food; in other cases
they see it as a form of protection against unemployment: the loan ties them to a particular employer,
who is then perceived to have an obligation to continue employing them.
“Peshgi advances are often quite substantial, much more than can be repaid in just a few
months. In extreme cases, debts are so great that they are inherited from one generation to another. In
other cases the amount of money may be relatively small”. (From: Anti-Slavery).Unfortunately no
authentic survey has been carried out so far to estimate the number of bonded labourers in the country.
Identification of bonded labour is a very complicated and difficult task because of its invisibility. It is
often argued that the families which are considered to be in bonded labour are specialized in the
relevant skill and they bargain advance payments with their employers. It is the family that demands
advances in return of their services. This is the case where the whole family is involved in a particular
type of work. In such a system, it becomes difficult to identify them as bonded labourers in the true
sense of the terminology and reach them for their rehabilitation. However, there are unofficial and
unconfirmed reports of existence of bonded labour practices, in
(Source: http://www.punjablabour.gov.pk/article/detail/23)
1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION & JUSTIFICATION
Bonded labour is a critical concern in Pakistan because it perpetuates poverty and hampers economic
growth by undermining labour productivity and human development. A number of research studies
have shown that extreme poor families are vulnerable to debt-bondage and can be caught in a vicious
cycle of social and economic obligations that prevent them from benefiting from macro-economic
growth. Addressing the issue of bonded labour should, therefore, form part of any meaningful effort for
poverty alleviation.

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Forced labour, primarily in the form of debt bondage, is commonly found amongst low castes,
minorities and migrants who suffer from additional discrimination and social exclusion.
In the case of brick-kiln, typically a worker – usually an adult man - takes a loan or salary advance from
the employer. Then the debtor - and often family members as well - is obliged to work for the employer
for no wages at all or reduced wages until the debt is repaid. The terms of the unwritten, interlinked
labour-credit contract are heavily biased in favour of the lender. To meet family needs, the worker is
forced to borrow additional cash and the debt burden amounts. Larger debts strengthen the employer’s
control to the point where basic freedoms - freedoms of expression, association, movement, and to
undertake alternative employment - may be denied. In the worst cases, workers are kept captive
through violence or threats of violence. Many such cases have been highlighted in the national and local
press in the recent past.
Given the deep-rooted societal discrimination against women that prevails in Pakistan, they can be
additionally disadvantaged when bonded labour situations arise – whether through being directly
bonded, or by being burdened with increased workloads because of the absence of able-bodied men
in the family. Further, being effectively excluded from decision-making at household and community
levels, women’s ability to influence negotiations on loans and advances, major household expenditures
and labour contracts with employers and intermediaries is severely constrained, even when these
directly concern women and children. They thus become the victims of decisions made by male family
members, most often regarding this as a ‘normal’ state of affairs.
Political will to tackle bonded labour has been growing over recent years and successive governments
have legislated against various shades of bonded labour. However, implementation of these laws poses
a serious challenge to state institutions. At the same time, many civil society Organisations have
gradually mobilized to advocate for the cause of bonded labourers and to implement activities for their
rescue and rehabilitation. However, their capacity and scale of activities has been limited. Efforts have
tended to be localized and their impact limited. On its part, the International Labour Organisation (ILO)
has been an important partner in public sector and non-profit initiatives. In addition to the localized and
small-scale public/private/international initiatives, it is essential that the government, NGOs and ILO
work in partnership for a concerted effort for the prevention and elimination of bonded labour in
Pakistan.

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1.2.1 TARGET POPULATION
According to a registration data of the labour and Human Resource Department, the number of
registered brick kilns in the target districts is as under;
Gujarat 148
Sargodha 129
Faisalabad 222
Bahawalpur 160
Total 659
In any case, the kilns are a changing population as old ones keep on closing down and new ones spring
up. Informed estimates put the number at 659, which has been used as the basis of subsequent
estimation.
Kilns vary in size according to their production capacity. Therefore, significant variation exists in the
number of families employed at each kiln. However, informed estimates suggest that the kilns in the
selected districts employ on the average 30 families per kiln. Assuming an average work force of 5
persons (2 adults and 3 children) per family, average work force on a kiln is about 150 persons. (The
number of children in many families is larger than three. But some labourers do not have any families, in
particular the workers from neighboring villages and Afghans which comprises about 30% of total
labour. Hence the average of 3 children per family has been assumed.) All put together, there are
approximately 19770 families at the kilns and the total number of workers comes out to be around
98850 persons (females and children included). This is a sizeable target community.
The work-force at the kilns comprises raw-brick makers (pathaiwalas), jalai walas, kairi walas, nikasi
walas, bharai walas, mashkis, chowkidars and jamadars. On average only 4-5 persons (invariably male)
are employed for each of the latter jobs. The bulk of the kiln labour is employed in raw-brick making.
This job is labour intensive, low-skill and allows exploitation of family labour. The latter jobs (jalai etc.)
are relatively high-skill jobs and would require years of training at the kiln before one can perform the
job efficiently. Jalai in particular is also high-risk and hazardous as it involves handling bricks inside the
hot oven. Generally, the jalai walas are paid monthly remuneration; the rest of the work force is paid on
piece-meal basis. Wages vary from kiln to kiln.

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Pathaiwalas as a class are the worst sufferers. They work in family units. Most other category of
workers work in individual capacity and their family members are free to engage in brick kiln or other
occupations, which is not the case with raw brick makers. The employer supplies each pathaiwala with
one or more moulds, depending upon the number of adults in the family. In case, there is only husband,
wife and minor children, the family is supplied two moulds, but if the family has more adult members
(sons, daughters, daughters in law, brothers, sisters), more moulds may be provided. Usually, the adults
use the moulds, while others (including minors) do the supplementary work like bringing mud for brick
laying. Although all members of family work, their wages are clubbed together in the name of the head
of the family. This clubbing of wages is the root cause of extreme form of exploitation practiced in the
kilns.
The wages are clearly less than the rate notified by the Government of Punjab as well as the market
rate for semi-skilled labour. The minimum wage was fixed at Rs. 665.76 per 1000 bricks by the
Minimum Wages Board, L&HR Department through its notification No.SO (DII) MW/2011(P-II) dated 14th
June, 2012. Calculations of market rate reveal a higher degree of exploitation. Presently, the market rate
for semi-skilled labour is Rs 400-500 per person per day, and that for un-skilled labour is Rs. 300/- per
person per day. If we assume the rate for a female worker to be 2/3rd
of the market rate, and that for
children to be ½, the wages per day for a family of 5 (1 adult male + 1 adult female + 3 children of
various ages) would be (400 + 300*0.66 + 300*0.5*3) Rs. 1050/- per day. We are assuming here that the
adult male is a semi-skilled worker and the adult female and the minor children are unskilled worker. It
is fair to make this assumption because making of raw bricks to the desired specifications requires at
least a year or two of experience.
The above calculations show the scale of exploitation which debt bondage at brick kilns leads to. That a
family accepts the lower rate of Rs. 300-350/- per family per day (each family would make around 1000
– 1200 bricks on a good day on average) speaks of the adverse terms of incorporation in this exploitative
relationship.

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1.3 PROJECT AT A GLANCE
Table 1: Project at Glance
1 PROJECT NAME Contribute to elimination of bonded labour due to debt-bondage
in the brick kilns in 4 districts of Punjab
2 Location Districts of Faisalabad, Sargodha, Gujarat, Bahawalpur
3 Authority Responsible for Labour and Human Resource (L&HR) Department, Government
of Punjab
3.i Sponsoring Labour and Human Resource (L&HR) Department, Government
of Punjab through the Annual Development Programme (ADP)
3.ii Execution The project is being implemented by the Labour and Human
Resource Department, Government of Punjab through a
Bonded Labour Cell already established at the Centre for
Improvement of Working Conditions and Environment
(CIWCE), in Directorate General of Labour Welfare, Punjab for
an existing similar project being implemented in Lahore and
Kasur districts.
The other implementing partner are;
 Literacy and Non-formal Basic Education Department
 Health Department
 District Officers (Labour)
 Micro-credit institutions
 District Governments
 Civil Society Organisations
3.iii Operation & Maintenance Social Sector
3.iv Concerned Provincial
Department
Labour and Human Resource (L&HR) Department, Government
of Punjab
4. Cost (Revised PC – I) Total project cost: Rs. 196.987 million
5. Gestation Period (PC-I) November 2012 – November 2018

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1.4 PROJECT OBJECTIVE AND INTERVENTIONS
Bonded labour is a complex and multi-dimensional social phenomenon. It is deep rooted in the social,
economic and political milieu. Hence, any single project can at best aim at significantly contributing to
the achievement of the broad objective of elimination of bonded labour in the brick kiln sector.
Accordingly, the specific objective of the EBLIK-4D project is to:
‘Contribute to elimination of bonded labour due to debt-bondage in the brick kilns in 4 districts of
Punjab.’
The project has thirteen components and each component consists of a set of interventions. As can be
seen, the project proposes a holistic strategy and a comprehensive set of interventions to deal with
this complex social issue.
A list of components and interventions is given below.
1. Provision of non-formal education to children of families at brick kilns and adult literacy for
other family members
2. Promotion of health and hygiene services among the brick kiln workers (women/men)
3. Provision of micro finance for workers of Brick Kiln
4. Veterinary services
5. Facilitation in acquiring of CNICs for adults, and Birth Registration of Children
6. External verification of brick kilns for elimination of bonded labour.
7. Provision of legal services to the Brick Kiln workers.
8. Organising multi-stakeholder dialogues
9. Introduction of appropriate brick making technology
10. District based monitoring of project interventions through District Oversight Committees
11. Research studies on the ‘Nature and dimensions of bonded labour in brick kilns of target
districts

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12. Promotion of the achievement of the project through internet, print and electronic media
13. Mobilizing communities at brick kilns to help monitoring the project interventions and issues
related to bonded labour

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1.5 PROJECT STAFF AS APPROVED PC-I
Project staff as approved in PC-I is as under;
Table 2: Project Staff
Sr. # Position Part/Full
time
BPS No. of Posts
1 Project Director (ex-officio) Part time 19/20 1
2 Programme Manager Full time 19 1
3 Senior Manager Administration
& Accounts
Full time 18 1
4 Senior Manager Education Full time 18 1
5 Manager Monitoring &
Evaluation
Full time 17 1
6 Manager I.T Full time 17 1
7 Law Officer Full time 17 1
8 Social Mobilizer Full time 16 8
9 Assistant Manager Admin &
Accounts
Full time 16 1
10 Data Entry operator Full Time 11 1
11 Store Keeper Full time 9 1
12 Veterinary Assistant Full time 11 4
13 NFE Teachers Part Time Fixed pay Rs. 6000 per
month with annual
increment 10%
200
14 Adult Literacy Teachers Part Time Fixed pay Rs. 6000 40
15 Driver Full time 4 2
16 Naib Qasid Full time 1 2

25 | P a g e
1.6 THE EVALUATION REPORT: PURPOSE & STRUCTURE
This evaluation report is divided into 5 different parts. The first part starts with introduction giving
details about the project domain and structure of the project evaluation report. The second part of this
report focuses on evaluation methodology, followed by documents review, selection of performance
indicators, project site visit plan etc.
The third part of the report depicts the DGM&E’s assessment pertaining to the actual status of the
project performance against its planned objectives and data analysis based on project cost and
beneficiary analysis of the project. The fourth part of report consists of observations regarding the
project activities made by the evaluation team of DGM&E, P&D Department.
The fifth part reflects recommendations for improvement in running process as well suggestions for the
effective usage of available resources. This section addresses the suggestions for improvement in
project planning and execution as well as, identifying matters requiring follow up actions. The rationale
for the recommendations is clearly explained and linked with the information collected during the
evaluation.

26 | P a g e
EVALUATION METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT
EBLIK-4D project has 13 components (PC-I) mainly to establish 200 NFEs & 40 ALCs, enrolling 6000
learners at NFEs and 1000 Adults at ALCs, facilitate in acquiring 7,000 CNICs to adult brick kiln workers,
ensuring provision of health & hygiene, legal aid and veterinary services.
Population Proportion sampling technique used on Unit of Analysis/outcome with 95% Confidence
Interval and 5% Margin of Error.
Table 3: Population Proportion sampling technique
Sampling Technique Population Proportion Sampling
Unit of Analysis Brick Kiln Workers / families
Formula (Population proportion Sampling )
Confidence Interval 95%
Margin of Error 5%
Population Proportion sampling technique has been used and further elaborated thoroughly in section
3.4 and its subsequent sections to calculate sample size.
Population Proportion Sample Size has further been divided among 4 units (districts) on pro rata basis.
Thus equal proportion of every district as per total sample size is evaluated.

27 | P a g e
Following criteria has been used to carry out evaluation of the project as elaborated in flow chart as
given below.
Figure 1: Schematic Flow/ Diagram of Evaluation Process
PROJECT DOCUMENTS
REVIEW
IDENTIFYING PROJECT
KEY INDICATORS
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AND
DATA COLLECTION
DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
REPORT
SUBMISSION
TEAM FORMATION
PC-IV REVIEW
PHYSICAL
ACHIEVEMENTS
FINANCIAL
ACHIEVEMENTS
PC-I REVIEW
DURATION
PERIODIC FINANCIAL
PROGRESS REPORTS
PERIODIC PHYSICAL
PROGRESS REPORTS
PROCUREMENT
RECORDS
PROJECT COST
ANALYSIS
INTERVIEWS
SITE VISITS
SITE SNAPS
DGM&E ASSESSMENT
COST
OBJECTIVES
OBSERVATIONS/
RECOMMENDATION
OTHERS

28 | P a g e
2.1 TEAM FORMATION
Evaluation team was constituted under the patronage of Director General (M&E) in a meeting held in
the office of DGM&E for evaluation of the WFCL project having expertise in project’s domain, data
collection methods, data analysis and interpretation along with preparation of evaluation report. The
project was assigned to Mr. Shoaib Kamran, Individual Consultant, DGM&E, P&D Department.
Report Review:
 Mr. Ghazanfar Maubin ( Sr. Specialist R & D )
Project Field Visits:
 Mr. Shoaib Kamran (Individual Consultant)
 Mr. Ihsan Nadir Syed (Project Asst.)
 Mr. Qaisir Iqbal (DG M&E Asst.)
 Mr. Haroon Jamil (Project Asst.)
In-House Evaluation & Report Writing:
 Mr. Shoaib Kamran (Individual Consultant)
 Mr. Ihsan Nadir Syed (Project Asst.)

29 | P a g e
2.2 DOCUMENTS REVIEW
Following project documents, evaluation tools and techniques were consulted.
 Planning Commission Form-I (PC-I, Original) of the Project
 DG(M&E) approved Evaluation Guidelines
 https://www.punjab.gov.pk/provincialdepartments_labour_DG_labour
 http://ciwce.org.pk/
 http://ilo.org/islamabad/lang--en/index.htm
 http://www.irispunjab.gov.pk/index.aspx
2.3 IDENTIFICATION OF KEY INDICATORS
1) Planned Objectives vs. Achievements
2) Financial assessment (Planned Vs. Actual)
I. Cost Analysis
II. ADP allocation vs. Actual Releases
III. Procurement and physical verification of procured items and Comparison of Estimated VS
Actual Cost
3) Project Duration (Planned gestation period vs. Actual Gestation period)
4) Input, outcome and process Analysis
I. Status of 200 NFES and 40 ALC Centers
II. Status of Enrolment at NFE and ALC Centers
III. ASSESSMENT of NFES and ALC - Learners
IV. ASSESSMENT of NFES and ALC - Facilities
V. ASSESSMENT of NFES and ALC - Teacher
VI. Status of Health and Hygiene Services
VII. Status of Veterinary Services
VIII. Status of Facilitation in Acquiring new CNICs

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2.4 PROJECT SITE VISITS
The project site visit conducted by the Evaluation Team of the Directorate General, Monitoring &
Evaluation, Planning & Development Department for data collection and evaluation purposes.
Table 4: Project - Bonded Labour Cell, Field Visits
Sr. No. Location / District Date of Visit Team Members
1 Bonded Labour Cell 05 – May – 2017
Mr. Shoaib Kamran
Mr. Ihsan Nadir Syed
2 Bonded Labour Cell 15 – Jun – 2017 Mr. Ihsan Nadir Syed
3 Bonded Labour Cell 06 – Jul – 2017
Mr. Shoaib Kamran
4 Gujarat 17 – Jul – 2017
Mr. Shoaib Kamran
5 Sargodha
18 – Jul – 2017
19 – Jul – 2017
Mr. Qaiser Javed
6 Faisalabad
19 – Jul – 2017
20 – Jul – 2017
Mr. Shoaib Kamran
Mr. Qaiser Javed
7 Bahawalpur
31 – Jul – 2017
02 – Aug – 2017
Mr. Shoaib Kamran
Mr. Haroon Jamil
8 SAA - CIWCE 28 – Aug – 2017
Mr. Shoaib Kamran

31 | P a g e
2.5 INTERVIEWS WITH PROJECT OFFICIALS
The interviews and telephonic conversation were conducted with officials who were directly linked with
this project. The detail of the officials belonging to sponsoring & executing agency is as follow.
Table 5: Interviews with Project Officials
Sr. No. Name Designation Contact No.
1
Mr. Rao Nasir Mehmood Ex-Officio Project Director
BPS-19
+92 321 4248800
2
Mr. Muhammad Nazir Malik Programme Manager
BPS-19
+92 300 4199516
3
Mr. Muhammad Kamran Akhtar Sr. Manager Admin & Accounts
BPS-18
+92 321 5347850
4
Mr. Muhammad Mansha Sr. Manager Education
BPS-18
+92 345 4604015
5
Mr. Najam Us Saqib Munir Law Officer
BPS-17
+92 314 6004413
6 Mr. Rashid Mehmood
Manager IT
BPS-17
+92 344 4121121

32 | P a g e
DG M& E ASSESSMENT
DG M&E Assessment of EBLIK-4d project has been carried out regarding planned components,
intervention and activities as mentioned in the PC-I. Planned components of the project as mentioned
under the heading of ‘project overview’ and detailed interventions of each component are discussed in
“project implementation strategy’. Activities of each component/intervention are described in Work
Plan attached as” Annexure I” in PC-1
3.1 PLANNED COMPONENTS/INTERVENTIONS/ACTIVITIES VS. ACHIEVED
Table 6: Planned vs. Achieved Objectives
Sr.
#
Components/
Interventions
Target Activities DG M&E
Assessment
1 Provision of non-
formal education
to children of
families at brick
kilns and adult
literacy for other
family members
08 Social Mobiliser (02
each district)
Identification of the locations
for establishing NFES & ALC
Achieved
(Annexure A2)
6000 Children - NFES
1000 Adults - ALC
Negotiations with brick kiln
owners and parents for
enrolment of children
Achieved
Enrolled 10,857
Learners
Enrolled 1,114
Adults
200 NFES Teachers 40
ALC Teachers
Recruitment of teachers for
NFES and ALC
Achieved
Training of teachers for NFES
and ALC
Achieved
Procurement of teaching
materials
Achieved
Establishment of
200 NFES & 40 ALC
Achieved
Established
200 NFES, 40 ALC

33 | P a g e
Monitoring of the performance
of children and teachers
Partially
Achieved Half of
visits done
(Annexure A3)
2 Promotion of
health and
hygiene services
among the brick
kiln workers
(women/men)
To carry out health and
hygiene awareness
campaigns in project
areas
To provide hygiene kits
to the children enrolled
at NFEs
Training of project staff Achieved
Selection of Area from the
districts
Partially
Achieved
Only Brick Kilns
with NFEs were
selected
Printing & distribution of health
& Hygiene awareness
broachers
Achieved
(Annexure B)
Health & Hygiene Camps at
selected areas
Partially
Achieved
(Annexure B1)
3 Veterinary
services
To provide prevention
care and advisory
services for the
livestock (donkeys) of
brick kilns workers
Recruitment of Veterinary
Assistants
Partially
Achieved
03/04 done
Regular Visits Partially
Achieved 50%
visits done
Advisory Services Partially
Achieved Record
not updated
(Annexure C)

34 | P a g e
4 Facilitation in
acquiring of CNICs
for adults, and
Birth Registration
of Children
7000 Adults Data collection and Preparing
of lists of BK workers for CNICs
Achieved
(Annexure D)
13710 Families Awareness workshops for
mothers and birth registration
in union council
Partially
Achieved
In process
Registration at U/C levels &
NADRA
Partially
Achieved In
process
5 External
verification of
brick kilns for
elimination of
bonded labour.
Certification “Child
labour and bondage
free kiln”
Selection of Specialized
Organization
Not Achieved
To sensitize BK owner to get
certification
Not Achieved
6 Provision of legal
services to the
Brick Kiln workers
Legal Aid Services for
Assistance of Bonded
Labourers
Recruitment of Law Officer Achieved
Establishment of Legal Aid
Service
Achieved
(Annexure E)
To investigate the complaints
of bonded labour
Partially
Achieved
Provide free legal aid assistance Partially
Achieved
(Annexure E1)
Capacity building of DVCs Achieved
7 Organising multi-
stakeholder
dialogues
To bring diverse groups
(industry, contractors,
NGOs, lawyers, civil
society activists)
together to develop a
shared understanding of
the debt-bondage issue
To organize multi-stakeholder
dialogues
Partially
Achieved
(Annexure F)
Publicize proceedings through
media
Not Achieved

35 | P a g e
8 Introduction of
appropriate brick
making technology
Introduction of
technologies to increase
labour productivity
Development and testing of
prototype
Partially
Achieved
(Annexure G)
Improvement of design and
make it viable for field
applications
Partially
Achieved
Visited Brick Kilns
Production of few machines Not Achieved
(Annexure G)
9 District based
monitoring of
project
interventions
through District
Oversight
Committees
Monitoring of Project
Interventions
Notifications of 04 DCCs from
respective DCO
Achieved
(Annexure H)
Meetings of DCC on Regular
basis
Partially
Achieved
(Annexure H1)
10 Research studies
on the ‘Nature and
dimensions of
bonded labour in
brick kilns of
target districts
Research ”to explore
the nature and
dimensions of debt-
bondage at brick kilns”
Interact with academia,
students and experts
Not Achieved
To facilitate in carrying out
research
Not Achieved
11 Promotion of the
achievement of
the project
through internet,
print and
electronic media
Availability of project
information for external
and internal
stakeholders
Online Database of Brick Kilns
and activities of the project
Partially
Achieved
Database could
not be made
Online
Preparation of material for
projection
Achieved
Dissemination of printed
material
Achieved

36 | P a g e
Mobilization for child labour
and bonded labour free brick
kilns
Partially
Achieved
Mobilizing &
raising awareness
among
communities
12 Mobilizing
communities at
brick kilns to help
monitoring the
project
interventions and
issues related to
bonded labour
Community
mobilisation at brick
kilns
Establishing local committees
at brick kilns
Partially
Achieved
Identification of
members in
process
Monitoring of project
interventions
Partially
Achieved
Mobilizing
Communities
Monitoring of Issues related to
bonded labour
Not Achieved
Only 17
Complaints
receive d at HELP
Line
-

37 | P a g e
3.2 FINANCIAL ASSESSMENT (PLANNED VS. ACTUAL)
I. Yearly Cost Breakdown
II. ADP allocation vs. Actual Releases & Actual Expenditures
III. Procurement and physical verification of procured items and COMPARISON of
Estimated VS. Actual Cost
3.2.1 YEARLY COST BREAKDOWN
Graph 2: Year wise Cost Breakdown
0
0
7,670,544
22,222,581
29,785,633
10,321
0
123,395
110,513
171,569
0
0
32240
13013
0
1,338,212.00
0.00
10,103,582.00
11,840,254.00
1,129,913.00
4,273,314
0
3,806,315
148,255
42,646
62,200
0
209,160
255,348
134,247
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
30,000,000
35,000,000
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Sum of Establishment Charges - Expenditures Sum of Communication - Expenditures
Sum of Occupancy Cost - Expenditures Sum of General - Expenditures
Sum of Physical Assets - Expenditures Sum of Repair & Maintenance -Expenditures

38 | P a g e
3.2.2 ADP ALLOCATION VS. ACTUAL RELEASES & ACTUAL EXPENDITURES
ADP Allocation vs. Actual Releases & Actual Expenditures and their Analysis is as under;
Table 7: Year wise ADP Allocation vs. Actual Release
YEAR ADP ALLOCATION ACTUAL RELEASES ACTUAL EXPENDITURE
% of
Utilizations
2012-13 Rs 12.405 Rs 5.971 Rs 5.684 95.19%
2013-14 Rs 10.071 Rs - Rs - 0.00%
2014-15 Rs 45.900 Rs 24.422 Rs 21.997 90.07%
2015-16 Rs 51.000 Rs 34.361 Rs 34.589 100.66%
2016-17 Rs 47.000 Rs 38.509 Rs 31.264 81.19%
Rs 166.376 Rs 103.263 Rs 93.534 90.58%
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
ADP ALLOCATIONS 12.405 10.071 45.900 51.000 47.000
ACTUAL RELEASE 5.971 0.000 24.422 34.361 38.509
ACTUAL EXPENDITURES 5.684 0.000 21.997 34.589 31.264
12.405
10.071
45.900
51.000
47.000
5.971
0.000
24.422
34.361
38.509
5.684
0.000
21.997
34.589
31.264
ADP Allocation, Actual Release Vs. Actual Expenditures
ADP ALLOCATIONS ACTUAL RELEASE ACTUAL EXPENDITURES
Graph 3: ADP Allocations vs. Actual Release & Expenditures

39 | P a g e
3.2.3 PROCUREMENT AND PHYSICAL VERIFICATION OF ITEMS
Procurements are within estimate in PC-1 and Physical verification of the following items has been done and pictures are attached in (Annexure H)
Table 8: Procurement and Physical Verification
EBLIK-4D Procurement of Physical Assets
Sr.
No. Item
No. of
Items
(PC-1)
Rate per Item
(PC-1) Total Cost (PC-1)
No. of
Items
Actual
Rate per
Item
Actual Cost in
Rs.
Variance
Amount
.1.
4 Laptop & 5 Desk top
Computers and other
accessories 9 1,295,000 10 1,332,060 (37,060)
1.1. laptop Computer 4 4 166,140 664,560 -
1.2. Desktop 2 2 146,250 292,500 -
1.3. Desktop 3 4 93,750 375,000 -
.2. Printer for Office 2 50,000 100,000 2 69,600 139,200 (39,200)

40 | P a g e
.3. Printers for Field office 4 25,000 100,000 4 35,749 142,996 (42,996)
.4. Machinery & Equipment 1,170,000 1,519,202 (349,202)
UPS - 4 24,305 97,220 -
UPS with batteries 1 41,652 41,652 -
UPS with batteries 1 71,224 71,224 -
Fax Machine - 1 39,076 39,076 -
Photocopier - 1 396,600 396,600 -
Air Conditioner - 2 121,800 243,600 -
Scanner - 1 10,881 10,881 -
Electric Heater - 4 3,995 15,980 -
Projector - 1 133,029 -

41 | P a g e
133,029
Generator - 1 453,960 453,960 -
Dispenser - 1 15,980 15,980 -
.5. Furniture & Fixture 2,071,000 2,272,200 (201,200)
Executive Chairs - 4 20,414 81,656 -
Officers Chairs - 8 15,448 123,584 -
Visitors Chairs Officers
office - 14 24,200 338,800 -
Visitors chairs field - 16 4,000 64,000 -
File Cabinet - 2 20,700 41,400 -
File Cabinet wooden - 2 10,600 21,200 -
Executive Tables with
side rack - 4 378,160 1,512,640 -

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Filed Officer tables - 8 11,115 88,920 -
.6. Software 500,000 - - - 500,000
.7. Toyota Hilux 1 2,500,000 2,500,000 - - - 2,500,000
.8. Suzuki Cultus 1 1,100,000 1,100,000 - - - 1,100,000
.9. Motorcycle 9 105,000 945,000 13 98,000 1,274,000 (329,000)
9,781,000 6,679,658 3,101,342

43 | P a g e
Graph 4: Procurement of Physical Assets
4 Laptop & 5
Desk top
Computers
and other
accessories
Furniture &
Fixture
Machinery &
Equipment
Motorcycle
Printer for
Office
Printers for
Field office
Softwear Suzuki Cultus Toyota Hilux (blank)
PC-I Total Cost 1,295,000 2,071,000 1,170,000 945,000 100,000 100,000 500,000 1,100,000 2,500,000 0
Actual Total Cost 1,332,060 2,272,200 1,519,202 1,274,000 139,200 142,996 0 0 0
1,295,000
2,071,000
1,170,000
945,000
100,000
100,000
500,000
1,100,000
2,500,000
0
1,332,060
2,272,200
1,519,202
1,274,000
139,200
142,996
0
0
0
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
Rs.
Procurement of Physical Assets: PC - I Total Cost vs Actual Total Cost

44 | P a g e
3.3 PROJECT DURATION
Project initial gestation period is 72 months (November 2012 – November 2018).
3.4 PROCESS ANALYSIS
EBLIK-4D project has 13 components (PC-I). Deliverables are to establish 200 NFES & 40 ALC,
enrolling 6000 learners at NFES and 1000 Adults at ALC, facilitate in acquiring 7,000 CNICs to adult
brick kiln workers, ensuring provision of health & hygiene, legal aid and veterinary services.
Population Proportion sampling technique used on Unit of Analysis/outcome with 95% Confidence
Interval and 5% Margin of Error.
3.4.1 STATUS OF 200 NFES AND 40 ALC
Graph 5: NFE Centers Current Status
EBLIK-4D team had to establish and sustain 50 NFES in each project districts during the project
period. After review of documents DG M&E team found that 82 NFE Centres (41 %) out of total
target of 200 have been non-functional due to mainstreaming of enrolled learners into formal
schools till May 31, 2017.
All 40 ALCs have been closed after completing 06 months cycle
50 50 50 50
Bahwalpur Faisalabad Gujarat Sargodha
No. of NFEs - Non Functional. 32 13 19 18
No. of NFEs - Functional 18 37 31 32
18
37 31 32
32
13 19 18
NFES Status
No. of NFEs - Functional No. of NFEs - Non Functional.

45 | P a g e
3.4.2 STATUS OF ENROLMENT AT NFES AND ALC
EBLIK-4D team had enroll 10, 857 learners against target of 6,000 (as per PC-I) in 200 NFES at 04
districts during the project period. Total number of enrolled learners and gender segregation is
given below.
Status of NFE Learners enrollment from date of establishment till May 31, 2017 is asunder;
Graph 6: NFE Learners Enrollment Status
District wise Proportionate of NFE Learners Enrollment from date of establishment
Graph 7: District wise Proportionate of NFE Learners Enrollment
Bahawalpur Faisalabad Gujrat Sargodha
Sum of Female 1222 1230 1377 1463
Sum of Enrolled Learners 2423 2590 2889 2955
1222
1230
1377
1463
2423
2590
2889
2955
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
NFELEARNERS
NFES Learners Enrollment Status
Bahawalpur
22%
Faisalabad
24%Gujrat 27%
Sargodha 27%
District wise Proportionate of NFE Learners Enrollment

46 | P a g e
But currently 2,648 NFE learners are enrolled at 118 functional NFE Centres as on May 31, 2017 is
asunder;
Status of NFE Learners enrollment as on May 31, 2017 is asunder;
Graph 8: NFE Learners Enrollment – Current Status
Current District wise Proportionate of NFE Learners Enrollment as on May 31, 2017 is as under;
Graph 9: District wise proportionate of NFE Learners Enrollment
Sum of Enrolled Learners 501 1106 838 898
Sum of Male 218 568 422 459
Sum of Female 283 538 416 439
501
1106
838
898
218
568
422
459
283
538
416 439
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
NFELEARNERS
NFE Learners Enrollment - Current Status
Bahawalpur
15%
Faisalabad
33%
Gujrat
25%
Sargodha
27%
District wise Proportionalte of NFE Learners Enrollment

47 | P a g e
EBLIK-4D team had to establish 10 ALC in each project districts during the project period for a
period of 06 months with total target to enroll 1,000 adult learners.
EBLIK-4D team had enrolled 1,114 adults in project respective districts. Details of enrolled adult
learners of each Cycle are as under;
Table 9: Enrollment at ALCs
Sr. # District Cycle Enrollment of ALCs Verified
1 Gujarat Cycle 1 243 0
2 Faisalabad Cycle 1 194 0
3 Sargodha Cycle 1 238 0
4 Bahawalpur Cycle 1 222
5 Sargodha Cycle 2 217 0
1,114 0
ALC Enrollment Status is as under;
Graph 10: ALCS Enrollment at
DG M&E team could not visit any ALC as all 40 ALCs have been closed after completing 06 months
cycle.
Cycle 1 Cycle 1 Cycle 1 Cycle 1 Cycle 2
Total 222 194 243 238 217
222
194
243 238
217
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Numbers
Adult Literacy Centers Enrollment Status

48 | P a g e
When brick kiln workers were asked about enrollment of their children at NFEs?
Graph 11: Children enrollment at brick kilns
When brick kiln workers were asked about support of their children support in their work
Graph 12: Children support in work at brick kilns
15
9
5 5
101
105
52
90
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Bhawalpur Faisalabad Gujarat Sargodha
BrickKilnWorkers
NO
YES
9 7
3 6
107 107
53
68
Children support in work at brick kiln
Sum of Answer - YES Sum of Answer - NO

49 | P a g e
3.4.3 ASSESSMENT OF NFES AND ALC - LEARNERS
For Assessment of sample size of 336, currently enrolled learners was selected;
Table 10: Sample Size
Sr.
# Population Size
Margin of
Error
Confidence
Level
Sample
Proportion Sample Size
1 2,648 5% 95% 50% 336
Table 11: Sample Size (District wise Distribution)
Sr.
# District
Enrollment
of NFEs
Learners
Migrated
NFEs
Learners
Mainstreamed
NFEs Learners
Currently
Enrolled
Learners
% of
Enrolled
Learners
Verified
Learners
1 Gujarat 838 166 92 580 21.90% 74
2 Faisalabad 1,106 130 14 962 36.33% 122
3 Sargodha 898 117 7 774 29.23% 98
4 Bahawalpur 501 141 28 332 12.54% 42
3,343 554 141 2648 100% 336
After that during field visits DG M&E team had randomly selected and visited 17 NFEs (Annexure J)
established and currently functional under EBLIK-4D Project in respective districts.

50 | P a g e
Class wise Proportionate of NFE Learners (Based on Evaluation) as under;
Graph 13: Class wise Proportionate of NFE Learners (Based on Evaluation)
Assessment of NFE Learners and the average of obtained marks are as under;
Graph 14: Assessment of NFE Learners (Based on Evaluation)
As at the time of visit of DG M&E Team all 40 ALCs have been completed their cycle and closed so
no assessment of adult learners was done
NFE Learners Class One 30 87 52 70
NFE Learners Class Two 7 20 12 17
NFE Learners Class Three 3 10 6 7
NFE Learners Class Fourth 2 5 3 5
30
87
52
70
7
20
12 17
3
10 6 72 5 3 5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
NFELearners
Class wise Proportionate of NFE Learners (Based on
Evaluation)
Average of Total Marks 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00
Average of Obtained Marks 18.62 20.47 19.32 19.72
25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00
18.62
20.47
19.32 19.72
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
Marks
Assessment of NFES Learners

51 | P a g e
3.4.4 ASSESSMENT - OF NFES AND ALC - FACILITIES
Assessment of NFES and ALC Facilites in respective districts are as under;
Graph 15: Assessment Non Formal Education Centers – Facilities
Noteworthy are the marks of NFEs Learning Environment (out of five). It clearly indicates to
improve remarkably the learning environment at Non-Formal Education Centers. Bonded Labour
Cell should develop and implement standard with key focus on early child education facilities for
the children of brick kilns workers.
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
7
6
8 8
7
6 6
7
8
5
6
8
5
7
6 6
7
2
1
3 3
2 2 2 2
3
0
1
3
2
3
1 1
2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
9 10 31 4 9 30 38 7 9 27 46 3 5 10 26 36 41
Assessment of NFES - Facilities
Total Marks - Obtained Marks - Learning Enviroment -

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3.4.5 ASSESSMENT OF NFES - TEACHER
Assessment of NFE – Teachers is as under;
Graph 16: Teachers Assessment of NFE Centers
During assessment of NFE T teachers every teacher’s obtained marks were out of total marks 10.
Percentage marks of each teacher were calculated and graded as under;
 Category A: Above 80% or 0.8
 Category B: Above 60% or 0.6 but below 80% or 0.8
 Category C: Above 50% or 0.4 but below 60% or 0.6
It clearly shows that quality of teachers is good and satisfactory.
9 10 31 4 9 30 38 7 9 27 46 3 5 10 26 36 41
Count of Category A 1 1 1 1
Count of Category B 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Count of Category C 1 1 1 1 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
AxisTitle

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3.4.6 STATUS OF HEALTH AND HYGIENE SERVICES
Impact Assessment of EBLIK project states” In discussions with the assessment team, a majority of
stakeholders articulated the need for a health and hygiene component as one of the potential areas
of interventions where the project could focus in future.
In taking on health as an additional component, the assessment team recommends developing a
clear focus in terms of project strategy with emphasis on the linkage building with existing services
delivery mechanisms as opposed to a direct service delivery mechanism.
Related to this, the project can explore complimentary initiatives including hygiene component as
an awareness raising initiative”. Based on this analysis the BLC will carry out health and hygiene
awareness campaigns in the project areas
As during project planning and design neither specific target nor any verifiable indicators had been
mentioned in PC-I for monitoring & evaluation. DG ME team on the basis of given data of direct
beneficiaries through in-house data analysis set the sample size for the field visits and verified as
under;
Sr. #
Total
Population
Margin
of Error
Confidence
Level
Sample
Proportion
Sample
Size
1 6,043 5% 95% 50% 362
Sr. # District
Total Hygiene Kits
Distributed Verified
1 Gujarat 1,429 86
2 Faisalabad 1,650 99
3 Sargodha 1,575 94
4 Bahawalpur 1.389 83
Total 6,043 362

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It was observed that NO identifiable indicator /target of Health & Hygiene services was mentioned
either narrating PC-I nor in “Implementation Strategy”.
When asked about attending medical camps on health and hygiene services out of total 362
respondents 245 replied “yes” and 117 said “ no”.
Graph 17: Medical camp on health & hygiene
Yes-
68%
No-
32%
Have you ever attended any medical camp on health and hygiene services
organised by EBLIK-4D team?

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When asked about receiving health & hygiene kits by their children at NFEs out of total 362
respondents 267 (74%) responded “yes” and 95 (26%) said “ no”.
Analysis clearly indicates improvement in process of health & hygiene services delivery for the
children of brick kiln workers.
Graph 18: Health & Hygiene Kits Distribution
When asked about effectiveness of health & hygiene services delivered kits by EBLIK-4D team out
of total 267 respondents 90 (34%) replied “satisfied, 113 (42%) replied “ moderately satisfied” and
65 (24%) said “not satisfied”
Graph 19: Effectiveness of Health & Hygiene Services
No.
26%
Yes.
74%
Have your children received any health and hygiene kits at NFE School?
34%
42%
24%
How do you describe the effectiveness of health & hygiene services?
Satisfied. Moderately Satisfied. Not Satisfied.

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3.4.7 STATUS OF VETERINARY SERVICES
Veterinary Assistants will be recruited for this project. These would visit the brick kilns and provide
preventive care and advisory services for the livestock of brick kiln workers and establish their
linkage with the locally available facilities of the Livestock & Dairy Development Department.
AS no verifiable indicator/target was set for the “provision of veterinary services” for the livestock
of brick kiln workers so sample size (360) was taken same of the families who have got facilitated in
acquiring CNIC. Data may be referred from Table 16 and Table 17.
Graph 20: Live Stock
Graph 21: Live Stock -Analysis
It was observed that as only 32% of total brick kiln families have livestock.
117
243
Do you have any livestock?
Live stock
No. Yes.
Yes.
32%
No.
68%
Do you have any livestock?

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It was found through review of documents that EBLIK-4d team had provided veterinary services to
1,691 beneficiaries. DG M&E team has selected 1,691 as its population size for calculating
proportional sample size 314 and further data analysis.
Sr. # Total Population Margin of Error
Confidence
Level
Sample
Proportion Sample Size
1 1,691 5% 95% 50% 314
Sr. # District Provision of Veterinary Services Verified
1 Gujarat 309 57
2 Faisalabad 542 101
3 Sargodha 514 95
4 Bahawalpur 326 61
Total 1,691 314
When brick kiln workers were interviewed about visits of veterinary assistants.
Graph 22: Visits of Veterinary Assistants
246
68
Does veterinary assistant visit your brick kiln regularly?
Veterinary Services
No. Yes.

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Only 68 (21.66%) beneficiaries responded that visits regularly (once in a month).and 246 (78.34%)
responded that do not visit regularly.
When brick kiln workers were interviewed about their satisfaction level about the provision of
veterinary services.
Graph 23: Quality of Veterinary Services
When 314 beneficiaries to whom veterinary assistants have provided their services when asked
about their level of satisfaction on only 68 (21.66%) responded “satisfied”, 41 (13.06%) responded
“moderately satisfied” and 205 (65.29%) responded “not satisfied”.
Satisfied.
22%
Moderately
Satisfied.
13%Not Satisfied.
65%
Are you satisfied from the services of veterinary assistant?

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3.4.8 STATUS OF FACILITATION IN ACQUIRING NEW CNICS
An important impediment in access to various social welfare services by brick kiln labour is the non-
issuance of Computerized National Identity Cards (CNIC). Three factors inhibit acquisition of CNICs
by the kiln labour: 1) the labour is migratory; 2) the labour finds it difficult to get attestations on
their application forms; and 3) the time and travel costs involved.
DG ME team on the basis of given data of direct beneficiaries through in-house data analysis set the
sample size for the field visits and verified as under;
Sr.
# Total Population
Margin of
Error
Confidence
Level
Sample
Proportion
Sample
Size
1 5,535 5% 95% 50% 360
Sr. # District Total Issued Verified CNIC
1 Gujarat 861 56
2 Faisalabad 1,753 114
3 Sargodha 1,135 74
4 Bahawalpur 1,786 116
Total 5,535 360

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When asked brick kiln workers about acquiring CNICs of adult family members
Graph 24: CNIC Acquired by Adult Family Members
When asked about access to social services after acquiring CNICs
Graph 25: Access to Social Services through CNIC
Out of 258 respondents who have acquired their CNICs through facilitation of EBLIK-4D team when
asked about their access to social services after acquiring CNICs 203 (78.68%) responded “yes” and
55 (21.32%) responded “no”.
102
258
Have all adult members of your family acquired
their CNIC?
Have all adult members of your family acquired their CNIC?
Yes. No.
203
55
0
50
100
150
200
250
Have you received access to any social service after acquiring CNIC by facilitation of
EBLIK-4D team?
AxisTitle
Axis Title
Access to Social Service after acquiring CNIC
Yes.
No.

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OBSERVATIONS
Observations regarding the project interventions are given in the subsequent paragraphs:
OVERALL/ GENERAL
The project was conceived with a total of cost of Rs. 196.987 million with a gestation period of 72 months
i.e. 2012-2018. The project is due to complete on 30th November, 2018.
1. The component of “provision of micro-finance services” has not been provided in PC-I but
need to be revised as per recommendations of 54 evaluation report of EBLIK project.
2. No verifiable indicators/targets had been set for provision of health and hygiene services,
veterinary services in PC-I which are seriously affecting implementation and monitoring of
such interventions.
3. Intervention of external verification of brick kilns for elimination of bonded labour had been
designed and implementation strategy also elaborated while there was no such specialized
agency available at any level
4. Veterinary assistants could not establish proper linkages between brick kilns workers and
locally available facilities of the Livestock & Dairy Development Department
5. It was observed that “The Cell will develop elaborate system of M&E for all interventions as
discussed above” but position of Manager M&E remained vacant since long.
6. Intervention of provision of non-formal education to children of families at brick kilns and
adult literacy for other family members but ignored the factors of early child education and
psycho-socio capacity building of adults.
7. Recruitment of social mobilizers’ was gender challenging due to lack of proper mobility
services while the main target community of the project are brick kiln workers their families &
children.
8. Promotion of the achievements of the project interventions through internet, print and
electronic media was done partially
9. District Coordination Committees (DCC) has been established and notifications issued but
after implementation of new Local Government Ordinance these should be revised
accordingly

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10. Yet no Research studies on the ‘Nature and dimensions of bonded labour in brick kilns of
target districts either commissioned or completed
11. Little efforts had been made for development, introduction of labour-empowering and
productivity-enhancing brick making technology
12. Little efforts made for mobilizing communities at brick kilns to establish and help monitoring
the project interventions and issues related to bonded labour.
13. Database yet to be made online but available in soft format which is less resourceful to
review and test its input, process and output
14. It was observed that performance of “Legal Aid Service Unit” had been at low level

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RECOMMENDATIONS
1. It is recommended to discuss and review “Provision of micro finance for workers of Brick Kiln”
in DDSC meeting and state clear directions for its status in revised PC-I.
2. It is recommended to set targets with verifiable indicators for provision of health and hygiene
services, veterinary services in revised PC-I for smooth implementation and monitoring of
such interventions
3. It is strongly recommended to review following areas in project design, “External verification
of brick kilns for elimination of bonded labour” and revise it in (PC-I)
4. BLC should strengthen liaison and enhance its coordination with other government
departments to establish linkage between brick kiln workers & families with the locally
available social services and facilities of the Livestock & Dairy Development Department
5. BLC should develop & implement M&E System having Result Based Monitoring (RBM)
indicators set for every intervention and as a whole for the project in revised PC-I for effective
and efficient implementation, reporting and controlling of the project.
6. It is recommended to review provision of non-formal education considering the factor of
early child education and psycho-socio capacity building of adults
7. As families and children are major stakeholders and almost all NFE teachers are females so it
is strongly recommend hiring of female social mobilizers with full facilitation of mobility
services
8. It is highly recommended to emphasize promotion of the achievements of the project
interventions through interment, print and electronic media
9. Recodifications of DCCs should be done as per new Local Government Ordinance for effective
and efficient district based monitoring and evaluation of project interventions.
10. Research studies should be commissioned and completed on the ‘Nature and dimensions of
bonded labour in brick kilns of target districts’
11. As technology brings social change more efficiently so effective efforts should be made for
development, introduction of labour-empowering and productivity-enhancing brick making
technology.
12. It is recommended to develop effective, efficient and gender sensitive social mobilization
strategy for mobilizing communities at brick kilns to help monitoring the project interventions
and issues related to bonded labour.

64 | P a g e
13. It is very strongly recommended to develop online database/management information
system (MIS) and implement it fully for effective and efficient project control (monitoring) &
periodic evaluation of project interventions, reporting and disseminating of project outcomes,
achievements and lessons learned.
14. BLC should review implementation strategy of “ Legal Aid Service Unit” and reinvent as real
time “access to justice” for victims and survivors of bonded labour across all over the province
15. BLC should start a consultative process with all stakeholders to design and conduct on job
training and development for human resource of EBLIK-4D project for impact oriented
sustainability of project interventions.
16. It is strongly recommended that BLC should have updated record of brick kilns in four project
districts and rectify all information of Geo Tagging by The Urban Unit, PUNJAB Brick Kilns
Census, available on official web portals
17. BLC should include the component of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
for the brick kiln workers and their families

65 | P a g e
ANNEXURE A1: DIRECTIONS OF THE APEX COURT
In 2006, the Honorable Supreme Court of Pakistan in the Human Right case No, 5091 issued Orders for
combating bonded labour. The Court has issues directions to be observed by various stakeholders. The main
directions of the Supreme Court are:
 The Chief Secretaries have been directed to get all brick kilns registered through the Labour
Departments.
 Brick kiln owners have been directed to keep a record of their workforce and provide it to the
respective Labour Officers and notify whenever there is a change in the workforce.
 The Labour Officers shall visit the brick kilns from time to time and if any incidence of bonded labour
found it has to be brought to the knowledge of the DPO, DCO and the Nazim of the District.
 The provincial government can seek assistance form Free Legal Aid Committees of the Provincial bar
Councils.
 The Court has observed that Police has not paid due attention to the bonded labour problem. The
DPOs have been directed to issue standing instructions to the SHOs to keep an eye on the brick kilns
in their areas and proceed against the delinquent employers to ensure that the fundamental rights of
the citizens as guaranteed by the Constitution are given to the workers in this sector.
 The Chief Secretaries have been asked to launch a campaign in their respective provinces using the
concerned agencies (Section 9 of the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1992) to publicise these
Orders and mobilise the concerned stakeholders on bonded labour.
 The Chief Secretaries have also been asked to ensure that the law is implemented in letter and spirit
in their respective provinces so that bonded labour is controlled.
In a meeting (Chaired by the Chief Secretary, Punjab) to review the implementation of these Orders, the
Chair had directed that a project be launched to make the brick kiln sector in Lahore and Kasur free of
bonded labour.

66 | P a g e
ANNEXURE A2: IDENTIFICATION OF THE LOCATIONS FOR ESTABLISHING NFES & ALCS

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ANNEXURE A3: MONITORING OF THE PERFORMANCE OF CHILDREN AND TEACHERS

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ANNEXURE B: PRINTING & DISTRIBUTION OF HEALTH & HYGIENE AWARENESS
BROACHERS

69 | P a g e
ANNEXURE B1: HEALTH & HYGIENE CAMPS AT SELECTED AREAS

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ANNEXURE C: PERFORMA FOR PROVIDING VETERINARY SERVICES

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ANNEXURE D: DATA COLLECTION FOR PROVIDING CNICS

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ANNEXURE E: ESTABLISHMENT OF LEGAL AID SERVICE UNIT

74 | P a g e
ANNEXURE E1: PROVIDED FREE LEGAL AID ASSISTANCE

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ANNEXURE F: MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS DIALOGUES

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ANNEXURE G: BRICK MAKING TECHNOLOGY

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ANNEXURE H: NOTIFICATIONS OF DCCS

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ANNEXURE H1: MEETINGS OF DCCS

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ANNEXURE I: PROCUREMENT OF PHYSICAL ASSETS

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ANNEXURE J: NFE CENTRES VISITED
Sr.
#
District Centre Code Teacher Name Qualification Previous Teaching
Experience
Gujarat (04 NFEs)
1 Gujarat 07 Ms. Muniba Arif F.A 02 Years
2 Gujarat 09 Ms. Sidra Mehboob B.A 02 Years
3 Gujarat 27 Ms. Sana Ishaq F.A 01 Year
4 Gujarat 46 Ms. Hina Almas F.A 01 Year
Sargodha (06 NFEs)
5 Sargodha 03 Ms. Kishwar Rani F.A 01 Year
6 Sargodha 05 Ms. Shaheen Riaz F.A 02 Years
7 Sargodha 10 Ms. Faiqa Arif Matric N/A
8 Sargodha 26 Ms. Rizwana Muzaffar M. A History N/A
9 Sargodha 36 Ms. Asifa Munir Matric N/A
10 Sargodha 41 Ms. Saira Shaheen M.A Education N/A
Faisalabad (04 NFEs)
11 Faisalabad 04 Ms. Shagufta B.A, B. Ed,
M.A History
02 Years
12 Faisalabad 09 Ms. Rabia Basri B.A 02 Years
13 Faisalabad 30 Ms. Madiha Kanwal M. Ed 02 Years
14 Faisalabad 38 Ms. Bushra Rasool B.A, B. Ed 04 Years
Bahawalpur (03 NFEs)
15 Bahawalpur 09 Ms. Nadia Kalsoom Matric N/A
16 Bahawalpur 10 Ms. Siraj Ahmad F.A 01 Year
17 Bahawalpur 31 Ms. Maria Hanif M.A Arabic 04 Years

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© Directorate General of Monitoring and Evaluation, Planning
and Development Department,
Govt. of Punjab. (JANUARY, 2018)
Soft form of the report and corresponding MOM may download
from www.dgmepunjab.gov.pk

Elimination of Bonded Labour due to Bondage in the Brick Kilns in 4 Districts of Punjab

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