This document outlines the key elements of a short story, including setting, characters, plot, conflict, theme, point of view, and mood. It defines these elements and provides examples. Setting establishes where and when the story takes place. Characters and their descriptions are critical. Plot follows a chain of related events built around conflict. The theme is the central idea, not a moral. Point of view determines the perspective of the narrator. Conflict and mood contribute to the overall experience. Mastering these elements is important for analyzing short stories.
Understanding the Short StoryTitle __________________________.docxmarilucorr
Understanding the Short Story
Title :_________________________________________________________________
Plot
1) What does the reader learn during exposition?
2) What is/are the conflict(s)?
3) What complications are introduced?
4) What is the climax of the story?
5) How is the conflict resolved?
Point of view
1) From what point of view is the story narrated? (first person, third person, etc.)
2) How does the narration influence your understanding of the story?
Characters
1) Who is the protagonist?
2) Who is the antagonist?
3) Are the characters round or flat?
4) Are the characters static or dynamic?
Setting
1) What is the setting of the story?
2) Does the setting influence other elements of the story?
Theme
1) What is/are the theme(s) of the story?
2) How do you know?
LITERARY TERMS
"Structure" includes all the elements in a story. The final objective is to see the story as a whole and to become aware of how the parts are put together to produce a unified effect.
ELEMENTS OF PLOT
All fiction is based on conflict and this conflict is presented in a structured format called PLOT.
Exposition
The introductory material which gives the setting, creates the tone, presents the characters, and presents other facts necessary to understanding the story.
Foreshadowing
The use of hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in the story.
Inciting Force
The event or character that triggers the conflict.
Conflict
The essence of fiction. It creates plot. The conflicts we encounter can usually be identified as one of four kinds. (Man versus…Man, Nature, Society, or Self)
Rising Action
A series of events that builds from the conflict. It begins with the inciting force and ends with the climax.
Crisis
The conflict reaches a turning point. At this point the opposing forces in the story meet and the conflict becomes most intense. The crisis occurs before or at the same time as the climax.
Climax
The climax is the result of the crisis. It is the high point of the story for the reader. Frequently, it is the moment of the highest interest and greatest emotion. The point at which the outcome of the conflict can be predicted.
Falling Action
The events after the climax which close the story.
Resolution (Denouement)
Rounds out and concludes the action.
CHARACTERIZATION
MAJOR CHARACTERS
Almost always round or three-dimensional characters. They have good and bad qualities. Their goals, ambitions and values change. A round character changes as a result of what happens to him or her. A character who changes inside as a result of what happens to him is referred to in literature as a DYNAMIC character. A dynamic character grows or progresses to a higher level of understanding in the course of the story.
Protagonist
The main character in the story
Antagonist
The character or force that opposes the protagonist.
Foil
A character who provides a contrast to the protagonist.
MINOR CHARACTERS
Almost always flat or two-dimensional characters. They have only one or two stri ...
I used this presentation in my 21st Century Literature class. It includes the elements of fiction (Characters, Setting, Conflict, Plot, Point of View, Mood, Tone, Symbolism, Images, Theme).
Understanding the Short StoryTitle __________________________.docxmarilucorr
Understanding the Short Story
Title :_________________________________________________________________
Plot
1) What does the reader learn during exposition?
2) What is/are the conflict(s)?
3) What complications are introduced?
4) What is the climax of the story?
5) How is the conflict resolved?
Point of view
1) From what point of view is the story narrated? (first person, third person, etc.)
2) How does the narration influence your understanding of the story?
Characters
1) Who is the protagonist?
2) Who is the antagonist?
3) Are the characters round or flat?
4) Are the characters static or dynamic?
Setting
1) What is the setting of the story?
2) Does the setting influence other elements of the story?
Theme
1) What is/are the theme(s) of the story?
2) How do you know?
LITERARY TERMS
"Structure" includes all the elements in a story. The final objective is to see the story as a whole and to become aware of how the parts are put together to produce a unified effect.
ELEMENTS OF PLOT
All fiction is based on conflict and this conflict is presented in a structured format called PLOT.
Exposition
The introductory material which gives the setting, creates the tone, presents the characters, and presents other facts necessary to understanding the story.
Foreshadowing
The use of hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in the story.
Inciting Force
The event or character that triggers the conflict.
Conflict
The essence of fiction. It creates plot. The conflicts we encounter can usually be identified as one of four kinds. (Man versus…Man, Nature, Society, or Self)
Rising Action
A series of events that builds from the conflict. It begins with the inciting force and ends with the climax.
Crisis
The conflict reaches a turning point. At this point the opposing forces in the story meet and the conflict becomes most intense. The crisis occurs before or at the same time as the climax.
Climax
The climax is the result of the crisis. It is the high point of the story for the reader. Frequently, it is the moment of the highest interest and greatest emotion. The point at which the outcome of the conflict can be predicted.
Falling Action
The events after the climax which close the story.
Resolution (Denouement)
Rounds out and concludes the action.
CHARACTERIZATION
MAJOR CHARACTERS
Almost always round or three-dimensional characters. They have good and bad qualities. Their goals, ambitions and values change. A round character changes as a result of what happens to him or her. A character who changes inside as a result of what happens to him is referred to in literature as a DYNAMIC character. A dynamic character grows or progresses to a higher level of understanding in the course of the story.
Protagonist
The main character in the story
Antagonist
The character or force that opposes the protagonist.
Foil
A character who provides a contrast to the protagonist.
MINOR CHARACTERS
Almost always flat or two-dimensional characters. They have only one or two stri ...
I used this presentation in my 21st Century Literature class. It includes the elements of fiction (Characters, Setting, Conflict, Plot, Point of View, Mood, Tone, Symbolism, Images, Theme).
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
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2. Objectives
Elements of a Short Story
• Identify and define
elements of a short story
• Demonstrate mastery of
short story elements by
creating story grammar
16. Overview
A Short Story is similar to your dish. It needs
the best ingredients for you to enjoy its delectable taste.
Elements of a Short Story
Stories are made up of important
elements:
Setting
Characters, Plot,
Conflict
and Theme
18. Characters and
Characterization
The people, and in some stories,
the animals that take part in
the story.
The description of the personalities
of the characters in the story and
the way in which an author
reveals their personalities.
19. Two Identifications of
Characters
1. Protagonist –
the hero of the story
2. Antagonist –
the villain in the story
who is always
opposing the
protagonist
20. Methods of Characterization
Creating Believable Characters
• Indirect
– physical appearance
– speech, thoughts,
feelings, or actions of
the character
– speech, thoughts,
feelings, or actions of
other characters
• Direct
– the narrator’s
direct
comments
about a
character
21. Plot
• The chain of related events that
take place in a story.
• Built around conflict, which is
a struggle between opposing
forces.
22. PLOT DIAGRAM
Resolution
Climax
Exposition
Conflict
• The plot is the sequence or order of events in a story.
• The plot includes:
Exposition Statement
The part of the plot that tells how
the story begins.
Rising Action
The action in the story leading up
to the climax.
Conflict
The struggles or problems between
opposing forces.
Climax
The point of crisis in the plot. It
may be the reader’s point of
highest interest.
Fallingaction
The action in the story after
the climax is revealed.
Resolution
The part of the plot that reveals
the final outcome.
23.
24. Conflict is any of the problems
that a character encounters in a story.
The conflict is a struggle between two
people or things in a short story.
The main character is on one side of
the main conflict.
Conflicts can be:
1. External – conflict with others and
with nature
2. Internal – conflict within themselves
Conflict
25. -Man vs. Man
-Man vs. Nature
-Man vs. Society
- Man vs. Supernatural Being
-Man vs. Himself
Types of Conflict
27. Point of View
Point of View, or P.O.V. is defined as the angle
form which the story is told
1. Innocent Eye - The story is told through
the eyes of a child (his/her judgment being
different from that of an adult) .
2. Stream of Consciousness - The story is
told so that the reader feels as if they are
inside the head of one character and
knows all their thoughts and reactions.
28. Point of View
Point of View, or P.O.V. is defined as the angle
form which the story is told
3. First Person - The story is told by the
protagonist or one of the characters who
interacts closely with the protagonist or other
characters (using pronouns I, me, we, etc).
The reader sees the story through this
person's eyes as he/she experiences it and
only knows what he/she knows or feels.
29. Point of View
4. There are three main types of Third Person point
of view:
Omniscient/Limited - The author tells the story in
third person (using pronouns they, she, he, it, etc).
We know only what the character knows and what
the author allows him/her to tell us. We can see the
thoughts and feelings of characters if the author
chooses to reveal them to us.
30. Point of View
4. There are two main types of Third Person point of
view:
Third Person Objective - The author tells the story in
the third person. It appears as though a camera is
following the characters, going anywhere, and
recording only what is seen and heard. There is no
comment on the characters or their thoughts. No
interpretations are offered. The reader is placed in the
position of spectator without the author there to
explain. The reader has to interpret events on his own.
31. Point of View
5. Second Person -- the story is told to
another character using the pronouns you,
your, and yours. It is not often used in fiction
writing, but is used in letters, speeches, and
other forms of nonfiction.
36. CONCLUSION
Now that we have identified
and defined the elements of a
short story, let us use the
elements to analyze a Short
Story.
You may use your notes from
the PowerPoint presentation to
assist you when reading..
37.
38. Bibliography
Dinneen, K. Elements of the Short Story. Retrieved Jun.
19, 2003, from Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute:
http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1983/3/83.03.09.x.html
Five Elements of a Story. Retrieved Jun. 19, 2003,
http://www.teachervision.com/lesson-plans/lesson-2277.html
Guevin, D. Short Story Elements. Retrieved Jun. 19, 2003,
http://www.uvm.edu/~dguevin/Elements.html
