The document discusses musical notation and its components. It covers:
- Notation systems use signs like clefs and notes on a staff to indicate pitch and duration.
- Elements like key signatures specify the key of a piece and which pitches are flat/sharp.
- Additional symbols provide information on tempo, dynamics, articulation, and more.
- Proper notation allows musicians to perform music as intended by the composer.
In the first in a series of articles to celebrate DownBeat’s 75th
anniversary, we shine the spotlight on 75 of the all-time great jazz, blues and beyond guitarists who have graced the pages of the magazine. We talked to a number of the living masters, and combed our archives for quotes and background information on the artists who have given the most popular instrument in the world a place in DownBeat.
In the first in a series of articles to celebrate DownBeat’s 75th
anniversary, we shine the spotlight on 75 of the all-time great jazz, blues and beyond guitarists who have graced the pages of the magazine. We talked to a number of the living masters, and combed our archives for quotes and background information on the artists who have given the most popular instrument in the world a place in DownBeat.
Jazz musicians who live short lives often leave the deepest impressions. There is something about their immutable youth, echoed through the sound of distant recordings, that encapsulates the spirit of jazz. One thinks of Bix and Bubber, Murray and Teschemacher, and Lang and Christian. Of these, guitarist Eddie Lang left the largest recorded testament, spanning jazz, blues and popular music generally.
Whether his guitar was imparting a rich chordal support for
other instrumentalists, driving jazz and dance bands with rhythmic propulsion, or providing a sensitive backing for a variety of singers, Lang’s influence was pervasive. Django Reinhardt once said that Eddie Lang helped him to find his own way in music. Like his contemporary Bix Beiderbecke, Lang’s defining role as a musician was acknowledged early on in his career, and has been venerated ever since.
As is often the case with musicians who are prolific, there are
gaps in our knowledge. This article attempts to address some of these, with particular attention being paid to Lang’s early career. In the second part of the article the Mound City Blue Blowers’ visit to London in 1925 is discussed in detail, and possible recordings that Lang made during the band’s engagement at the Piccadilly Hotel are outlined and assessed. More generally, Lang’s importance as a guitarist is set in context against the background of the guitar’s role in early jazz and dance music.
A Brief History of Music Education in AmericaBrian Ebie
This presentation briefly examines the growth of music education in American educational systems, with an emphasis on singing schools and the transition to choral programs and general music appreciation courses. The presentation concludes with a birdseye view of the trends and developments in music education during the 20th century, including various Education Acts, NCLB, Common Core, and the role of the arts--specifically music--in those legislative educational policies.
Music Appreciation Tutorial #1: Music Notation BasicsSonia Joie
A tutorial on the basics of music notation, spanning the subjects of:
Sound Waves
Music
The Staff
Rhythm
Rests
Meter
Measure
Bar Line
Time Signature
Clef
Treble Clef
Bass Clef
Grand Staff
Sharps
Flats
and Naturals.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. Notation is a system of signs by means of
which music is written down.
Serves mainly to indicate two properties of
tone which ate pitch and duration.
Notation of pitch
3. is a letter sign placed on the staff in order
to indicate the pitch of the notes.
The clef signs used in musical notations
are the G clef, C clef, and F clef.
For ordinary purposes the notes are
arranged on two staffs. The C at the
beginning is located between the two
staffs.
5. One has to know not only where a
note is but also how long a time it is
held.
Duration of silence between notes is
indicated by rest.
Every kind of note has a
corresponding kind of rest to indicate
that nothing shall be sounded.
6.
7. Sometimes note values are divided by
three’s of two’s.
Indicated by the sign 3.
8. Is a series of regular pulses, as in the
ticking of a clock.
If we are to think of them as being grouped
in two’s, three’s, or fours, we are in this
way measuring the pulses.
This indicated the time signatures which
show the number of beats to a measure.
Measures are indicated by means of
vertical lines or bars down through the
staff
9.
10. The time signature of a
composition appears on the staff
or staffs at the beginning of the
score.
It consists of two numbers:
The upper number indicates the
number of beats to a measure.
The lower number indicates the kind
of note that will receive one beat.
11. Above a note gives extra stress to the note
it accompanies.
It means play the note louder.
12. Indicates a gradual increase in loudness.
Also called Diminuendo mark, gradually
decreases the loudness.
14. A curved line above or below or more
notes.
Connected, no silence between
notes.
15. The group of flats or sharps appearing at
the beginning of a piece.
Each sharp or flat, appearing on the line of
the staff, means that the tone is to be
raised or lowered by a half tone throughout
the entire composition unless it is
temporarily cancelled for duration of the
measure by the use of a natural sign
appearing immediately before a note.
16. Every key signature may indicate
either a major or a minor key.
A chart of key signatures and the
keys, major or minor, can be seen in
the appendix.
17. Music is an art whose basic material is
sound.
Musical sounds have no meanings beyond
themselves and therefore may be said to
deal with pure sound.
The performers who make it possible for
the listener to hear or understand the
composition.
18. It is a sound produced by
regular vibrations of air.
19. Pitch
Refer s to the highness or lowness of tonal
sounds.
Duration
Is determined by the length of time the
vibration is sustained.
20. Intensity of volume
Tone may vary in their degree of
loudness and softness.
The fundamental to musical rhythm
and it provides the basis for a
separate musical element.
Timbre
Enables one to distinguish one
sound from another, one instrument
from another
21.
22. In western music, pitch spectrum is limited
to a total 12 different pitches.
Scale
Is a series of consecutive tones
Tonality
Element for a music into which one should
have a clear insight for a better
understanding of it.
23. Rhythm
Considered the most basic element.
Meter
It is a way of measuring durations on
fixed regular pattern, so that the
listener becomes aware of a basic
pulse or beat.
24. Tempo
Italian word which means time.
Speed
Allegro – fast
Vivace - lively
Moderato- moderate
Andante- moderate slow
Adagio- slower than andante
Lento – slow
Largo- very slow
25. Melody
Make the most direct appeal.
Consists of a series of pitches and
durations.
26. Dimension
Length and range.
Many melodies are neither extremely short
nor usually long.
The length of the melody is relative to the
number of measure which composes it.
The range of the melody is the pitch distance
from its lowest to its highest tone.
Register
The relative highness or lowness of the
aggregate tones of a melody.
27. Direction
Upwards and downwards.
Melody may moves rapidly or
gradually, ascending or descending.
Progression
Refers to the intervals between the tones
as a melody moves from one tone to the
next.
28. Melody is the element of music that arouses interest.
It is what listener can easily identify.
It is the musical idea around which a composition is
constructed.
This melodic idea or basic tune of the composition is
called theme.
The theme is of paramount importance to composition,
and it provides one of the most important approaches
to intelligent listening.
The ability to recognize one or more themes, when the
recur in a composition, is clear indication that you are
moving toward full appreciation.
29. Simultaneous sounding of two or more
tones.
Chord
- is two or more notes or tones sounded at
the same time and conceived as entity.
Triad- the most common chord in our music
is a certain combination of three tones.
30.
31. - Chords not only are constructed
in a variety ways, but also
progress from one to another
according to many different
plans.
- The scheme by which chords
change.
32. Consonance – certain combinations
of tones produce a quality of repose
or relaxation.
Dissonance – certain other
combinations of tones produce a
quality of unrest or tension.
33. Polytonality
- Music which two or more keys are
combines simultaneously in a single
composition,.
- Is used to bring out the different
levels or planes of the harmony.
Multitonality
- Displaced tonality.
Atonal
-It is music that rejects the framework of key.
34. The volume or loudness of the music
This may refer to contrast among
sections of a piece, the mix within a
piece, or the overall presentation
35. Forte- loud
Piano- soft
Fortissimo- very loud
Pianissimo- very soft
Mezzo forte- moderately loud
Mezzo piano- moderately soft
36. To the direction of dynamics:
Crescendo- becoming louder
Diminuendo- becoming soft
Sudden stress-
sforzando(accent on a single
note or chord).
37. The number of terms embraces both tempo
and dynamics:
Andante- fairly slow and majestic
- Implies a stately pace and full sonority
Morendo- dying away indicates that the
music is to become slower and softer.
Scherzando- playful
- Requires a light tone and brisk movement.
Conbrio- (with vigor) suggests an energetic
pace and vibrant sonority.
38. Tempo
- Refers to the rate of speed, the
pace of the music.
- It determines the speed of the
beats in the measure, their
duration in actual time.
39. Most frequently encountered are the following:
Very slow: Largo (broad)
Grave (solemn)
Slow: Lento
Adagio (gently, leisurely, slowly)
Moderate: Andante (going at a walking pace)
Andantino (a little andante, somewhat faster than
andante)
Moderato (moderate speed)
Fairly fast: Allegretto (a little lively- not as fast as allegro)
Fast: Allegro (happy, cheerful, lively)Very fast: Allegro multo
(very lively)
Vivace (vivacious, lively)
Presto (very quick)
Prestissimo (as quick as possible)
41. Timbre: The characteristics of the sound itself
We often use terms from the visual arts to describe musical timbre
Timbres often hold strong associations in our minds
42. The sound of solo or section
instruments is also an aspect of timbre
Certain composers were so good at
creating and combining tone colors, we
say their “instrument” was the orchestra
43. Refers to the melodic and harmonic
relationship of musical factors.
The consistency of musical sounds
44. Monophonic texture means only one
line of music sounding alone
Homophonic means one line leads
and the others support it
Multiple independent lines happening
together is called polyphonic texture
45. Nonmelodic texture
Is created for special effects in which
harmonic sounds obscure or partly
exclude the melodic content of a
composition.
Occurs in contemporary and modern
music.
46. Sonority
Is an attribute of texture which is based
more on harmonic than melodic
consideration.
Refer to the quality of richness or thinness of
texture.
47. Determined by:
Number of parts
Refers to the number of voices involved.
Spacing of tones
Refers to the musical intervals between
parts,.
Register tones
Refers to whether the tones are high,
medium, or slow
Timbre
Refers to the tone quality or qualities of the
mediums which will play the music.