This document discusses OLED (organic light emitting diode) technology. It begins by defining an OLED as a light emitting diode with an electroluminescent layer made of organic compounds. It then explains how OLEDs work by describing the layers involved and the electron movement that causes light emission. Different types of OLEDs are listed including passive matrix, active matrix, and transparent. Advantages over LCD/plasma like thinner size and better contrast are provided. The document also discusses AMOLED technology used in phones, its types including Super AMOLED, and examples of devices that use AMOLED displays. Finally, potential applications of OLED/AMOLED technology in TVs, devices screens, and lighting are
This document describes the development of an electronic skin (e-skin) that can instantly visualize applied pressure. Key points:
- E-skin mimics human skin's ability to sense pressure, temperature, and stretch. The developed e-skin uses organic LED displays and pressure sensors on a flexible plastic substrate.
- When pressure is applied, the conductivity of the pressure-sensitive rubber increases, modulating the current to the OLED and changing its brightness. This allows the e-skin to spatially map and display applied pressure.
- The e-skin has potential applications in robotics, health monitoring devices, and smart surfaces. It represents an advance over previous e-skins by providing an integrated, human
AMOLED (active-matrix organic light-emitting diode) is a display technology that uses organic compounds to emit light for each pixel. It is used in mobile devices like phones, media players, and cameras. AMOLED displays consist of an active matrix of OLED pixels deposited on a thin-film transistor array to control current to each pixel. Manufacturers continue developing AMOLED to be lower power, lower cost, and available in larger sizes. Samsung uses terms like Super AMOLED, HD Super AMOLED, and Full HD Super AMOLED to describe variants with higher resolution and improved features. AMOLED provides benefits over LCD but also has weaknesses like being more prone to image persistence and lower maximum brightness
EHD as Sensor Fabrication Technology for Robotic SkinsHillary Green
Published In: Proc. SPIE 9116, Next-Generation Robots and Systems
Date: 4 June, 2014
Human-robot interaction can be made more sophisticated and intuitive if the entire body of a robot is covered with multimodal sensors embedded in artificial skin. In order to efficiently interact with humans in unstructured environments, robotic skin may require sensors such as touch, impact, and proximity. Integration of various types of sensors into robotic skin is challenging due to the topographical nature of skin. Printing is a promising technology that can be explored for sensor integration as it may allow both sensors and interconnects to be directly printed into the skin. We are developing Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet printing technology in order to co-fabricate various devices onto a single substrate. Using strong applied electrostatic forces, EHD allows the printing of microscale features from a wide array of materials with viscosities ranging from 100 to 1000cP, highly beneficial for multilateral integration
Advance communication through red tacton human area networking technology Pawan Sharma
WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION Its our great pleasure to presenting a paper at the NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION (NCHCIEE -2013) Organized by : Jahwaharlal institute of technology, borawa , dist khargone M.P Presented by : Mr. Pawan sharma Proff . Lokesh mehta Mr. Lokendre singh rathore (From SPITM, Mandleshwar dist khargone . M.p )
Advance Communication through Red Tacton -Human Area Networking Technology: Presented by : Mr. Pawan Sharma Proff . Lokesh mehta Mr. Lokendra Singh Rathore Advance Communication through Red Tacton -Human Area Networking Technology Dept. of Electronics & Communication
Bluetooth, infrared etc. were the most commonly used techniques for data transmission.
But these short-range wireless communication systems have some problems of packet collisions and it can be reduce by RED-TECTON.
The ultimate human area network solution to all these constraints of conventional technologies is “intra body” communication, in which the human body serves as the transmission medium.
Survey on Red Tacton Technology for Human Area NetworkIOSR Journals
This document summarizes research on Red Tacton technology for human area networks (HANs). Red Tacton uses the human body as a communication medium by transmitting data via electric fields induced on the skin's surface. It allows devices to communicate when touching a person. The document discusses Red Tacton's working principles, safety measures, applications in areas like healthcare monitoring and underwater communication, and comparisons to other HAN technologies. It concludes that Red Tacton is well-suited for wireless pervasive environments and its use in such networks will continue to expand.
This document discusses the development of a method for additively manufacturing stretchable electronics using conductive silicone. Researchers designed a syringe-based extrusion system to 3D print integrated circuits onto stretchable silicone substrates. Testing showed the printed conductive traces maintained functionality under stretching. As a proof-of-concept, the researchers 3D printed a stretchable voltage divider circuit and found the output voltage changed as expected with elongation due to resistance variations in the conductive traces. Future work will focus on improving circuit reliability and printing fully functional "skin-like" devices with embedded sensors for use in medical applications.
This document discusses OLED (organic light emitting diode) technology. It begins by defining an OLED as a light emitting diode with an electroluminescent layer made of organic compounds. It then explains how OLEDs work by describing the layers involved and the electron movement that causes light emission. Different types of OLEDs are listed including passive matrix, active matrix, and transparent. Advantages over LCD/plasma like thinner size and better contrast are provided. The document also discusses AMOLED technology used in phones, its types including Super AMOLED, and examples of devices that use AMOLED displays. Finally, potential applications of OLED/AMOLED technology in TVs, devices screens, and lighting are
This document describes the development of an electronic skin (e-skin) that can instantly visualize applied pressure. Key points:
- E-skin mimics human skin's ability to sense pressure, temperature, and stretch. The developed e-skin uses organic LED displays and pressure sensors on a flexible plastic substrate.
- When pressure is applied, the conductivity of the pressure-sensitive rubber increases, modulating the current to the OLED and changing its brightness. This allows the e-skin to spatially map and display applied pressure.
- The e-skin has potential applications in robotics, health monitoring devices, and smart surfaces. It represents an advance over previous e-skins by providing an integrated, human
AMOLED (active-matrix organic light-emitting diode) is a display technology that uses organic compounds to emit light for each pixel. It is used in mobile devices like phones, media players, and cameras. AMOLED displays consist of an active matrix of OLED pixels deposited on a thin-film transistor array to control current to each pixel. Manufacturers continue developing AMOLED to be lower power, lower cost, and available in larger sizes. Samsung uses terms like Super AMOLED, HD Super AMOLED, and Full HD Super AMOLED to describe variants with higher resolution and improved features. AMOLED provides benefits over LCD but also has weaknesses like being more prone to image persistence and lower maximum brightness
EHD as Sensor Fabrication Technology for Robotic SkinsHillary Green
Published In: Proc. SPIE 9116, Next-Generation Robots and Systems
Date: 4 June, 2014
Human-robot interaction can be made more sophisticated and intuitive if the entire body of a robot is covered with multimodal sensors embedded in artificial skin. In order to efficiently interact with humans in unstructured environments, robotic skin may require sensors such as touch, impact, and proximity. Integration of various types of sensors into robotic skin is challenging due to the topographical nature of skin. Printing is a promising technology that can be explored for sensor integration as it may allow both sensors and interconnects to be directly printed into the skin. We are developing Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet printing technology in order to co-fabricate various devices onto a single substrate. Using strong applied electrostatic forces, EHD allows the printing of microscale features from a wide array of materials with viscosities ranging from 100 to 1000cP, highly beneficial for multilateral integration
Advance communication through red tacton human area networking technology Pawan Sharma
WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION Its our great pleasure to presenting a paper at the NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION (NCHCIEE -2013) Organized by : Jahwaharlal institute of technology, borawa , dist khargone M.P Presented by : Mr. Pawan sharma Proff . Lokesh mehta Mr. Lokendre singh rathore (From SPITM, Mandleshwar dist khargone . M.p )
Advance Communication through Red Tacton -Human Area Networking Technology: Presented by : Mr. Pawan Sharma Proff . Lokesh mehta Mr. Lokendra Singh Rathore Advance Communication through Red Tacton -Human Area Networking Technology Dept. of Electronics & Communication
Bluetooth, infrared etc. were the most commonly used techniques for data transmission.
But these short-range wireless communication systems have some problems of packet collisions and it can be reduce by RED-TECTON.
The ultimate human area network solution to all these constraints of conventional technologies is “intra body” communication, in which the human body serves as the transmission medium.
Survey on Red Tacton Technology for Human Area NetworkIOSR Journals
This document summarizes research on Red Tacton technology for human area networks (HANs). Red Tacton uses the human body as a communication medium by transmitting data via electric fields induced on the skin's surface. It allows devices to communicate when touching a person. The document discusses Red Tacton's working principles, safety measures, applications in areas like healthcare monitoring and underwater communication, and comparisons to other HAN technologies. It concludes that Red Tacton is well-suited for wireless pervasive environments and its use in such networks will continue to expand.
This document discusses the development of a method for additively manufacturing stretchable electronics using conductive silicone. Researchers designed a syringe-based extrusion system to 3D print integrated circuits onto stretchable silicone substrates. Testing showed the printed conductive traces maintained functionality under stretching. As a proof-of-concept, the researchers 3D printed a stretchable voltage divider circuit and found the output voltage changed as expected with elongation due to resistance variations in the conductive traces. Future work will focus on improving circuit reliability and printing fully functional "skin-like" devices with embedded sensors for use in medical applications.
This document describes a new technology called RedTacton that uses the human body as a communication network or Human Area Network (HAN). It works by using the electric fields generated on the surface of the human body to transmit data wirelessly. Chips embedded in devices can send and receive digital files through contact with the body. RedTacton achieves duplex communication at speeds up to 10 Mbps using a photonic electric field sensor. It has applications for securely transferring data through natural touch-based interactions and movements of the human body. The document outlines the key features and safety of RedTacton as a new way to realize communication through physical human contact.
A Review Of The Skin Effect As Applied To Thin Film InterconnectionsSabrina Ball
This document provides a review of theoretical approaches that have been used to study the skin effect phenomenon in thin film interconnections. It discusses how the skin effect causes current to concentrate near the surface of a conductor at high frequencies. It surveys several common theoretical methods for modeling the skin effect, including incremental inductance, perturbational, and full wave analysis methods. These methods allow calculating the frequency-dependent resistance and current distribution in conductors. However, most are only valid when the skin effect is fully developed at high frequencies and assume transmission line modes that break down at very high frequencies relevant to digital signal propagation. Improved modeling approaches are needed that can accurately model skin effect behavior over broad digital signal frequency ranges.
This document describes a finite element model of a vibrating touch screen actuated by piezo patches for haptic feedback. The model was developed in ABAQUS to investigate different design configurations for the piezo patches and touch screen boundary conditions. The goal is to determine an optimal configuration that maximizes vibration amplitude on the screen surface while minimizing power consumption. Simulation results show that vibration amplitude varies across the screen depending on piezo patch location and orientation. Placing patches close to clamped screen edges produced higher amplitudes for a given applied charge.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on flexible electronic skin (e-skin). It discusses the history of e-skin development, how e-skin is constructed using circuits made of silicon with a filamentary serpentine shape. It describes how e-skin works using antennas, strain gauges and temperature sensors. Methods for fabricating e-skin are outlined using zinc oxide nanowires, gallium indium, organic transistors and OLEDs. Applications of e-skin include use in medical monitoring devices, robotics and interactive input devices. Future developments may include using e-skin to predict health issues in advance and integrating virtual screens.
IRJET- Assessment of Blood Vessel using Fat Cell AcousticsIRJET Journal
This document presents research on assessing blood vessels using fat cell acoustics. It discusses intra-body communication techniques using the human body as a transmission medium. Specifically, it proposes a novel technique called fat-intra body microwave communication that utilizes fat tissue between skin and muscle. The research aims to characterize wireless channels within the body using an electro-larynx scope to generate sound signals, an acoustic sensor to receive the signals, and signal processing algorithms like blind source separation and rational dilation wavelet transform. Experimental results on fat, muscle and combined fat-muscle tissue are presented and analyzed to evaluate the proposed technique.
Soft dielectric elastomer microactuator for robot locomotionjournalBEEI
This paper presents dielectric elastomer actuated robot locomotion and the development of a robotic model structure based using a dielectric elastomer actuator. A pre-stretched dielectric elastomer actuator is fabricated onto acrylic frames to form single and multiple robotic crawler models. The crawler models demonstrate forwards motion upon application of high voltage to the attached dielectric elastomer actuator. Characterizations revealed that the fabricated multiple crawler models showed results over the single crawler model in terms of locomotion potential. The maximum forward locomotion speed of the multiple crawler models is recorded as 1.2 mm/s. Nonetheless, precise results are highly attainable provided a structured and coherent fabrication technique of the dielectric elastomer actuator is implemented.
Analytical solution of 2d poisson’s equation using separation of variable met...IAEME Publication
This document presents an analytical solution to the 2D Poisson's equation for fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) MOSFETs. The solution is derived using the separation of variables method with appropriate boundary conditions. A simple and accurate analytical expression for the surface potential in the channel is obtained. The proposed model can help reduce short channel effects and drain-induced barrier lowering in FDSOI MOSFETs. Simulation results show the potential decreases with increasing SOI film thickness and channel length.
Analytical solution of 2d poisson’s equation using separation of variable met...IAEME Publication
This document presents an analytical solution to the 2D Poisson's equation for fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) MOSFETs. The solution is derived using the separation of variables method with appropriate boundary conditions. A simple and accurate analytical expression for the surface potential in the channel is obtained. The proposed model can help reduce short channel effects and drain-induced barrier lowering in FDSOI MOSFETs. Simulation results show the potential decreases with increasing SOI film thickness and channel length.
Redtacton the forward thinking of human area networkeSAT Journals
Abstract Human society is entering an era of ubiquitous computing, when networks are seamlessly interconnected and information is always accessible at our fingertips. In the world of computers, networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data. Red Tacton is emerging technology that enables the first practical HAN (Human Area Network)between body-centered electronic devices and PCs or other network devices embedded in the environment via a new generation of user interface based on totally natural human actions such as touching, holding, sitting, walking, or stepping on a particular spot. By making Human Area Networks feasible, Red Tacton will enable ubiquitous services based on human centered interactions and therefore more intimate and easier for people to use. Red Tacton is a break-through technology that uses the surface of the human body as a safe, high speed network transmission path. So we, in this paper are explaining the unique new functional features and enormous potential of Red Tacton as a Human Area networking technology. Technology is making many things easier; we can say that our concept is standing example for that. So far we have seen LAN, MAN, WAN, INTERNET & many more but here is new concept of “RED TACTON” which makes the human body as a communication network. Keywords: Electro sensor, Human area network, Redtacton
RedTacton is a new technology developed by NTT that enables communication through the human body using very weak electric fields on the skin's surface. It allows for a "Human Area Network" where electronic devices can connect and exchange data when touching different parts of the body. RedTacton uses a photonic electric field sensor combining an electro-optic crystal and laser to detect tiny fluctuations in the electric field caused by transmitting data. This powers duplex communication at speeds up to 10 Mbps. Potential applications include instantly sharing files between devices with a handshake, personalizing devices with a touch, and triggering alarms if the wrong medicine is touched.
THE EFFECT OF INTERFACE MODIFICATION BY PEDOT: PSS ON THE HOLE MOBILITY OF TH...ijoejournal
The purpose of the work is to understand how to effect the interface PEDOT: PSS on the hole mobility of
the LEC device by Space Charge Limited Current (SCLC) approaches technique. PEDOT: PSS plays a
significant role in organic electronics device as interface modification, particularly on Light-emitting
electrochemical cells (LEC) due to fundamental structure of hole only device. This study analyses the hole
mobility of the device based on current-voltage characteristic approach at room temperature. It has been
observed that the PEDOT: PSS interface increases the hole mobility of the LEC device by a factor of 108
.
Temperature dependent electrical response of orange dye complex basedIAEME Publication
The document summarizes research on temperature-dependent electrical properties of Orange-Dye complex based Schottky diodes. Schottky diodes were fabricated from Orange-Dye and Vinyl-Ehtynyl-Trimehyl-Piperiodole complex deposited via spin coating. Current-voltage measurements showed the diodes followed the space charge limited current model. Analysis of this data determined how parameters like mobility, trap density, and threshold voltage varied with temperature, improving at higher temperatures. The study provided insight into charge transport within the organic semiconductor complex.
1. The document describes a human-machine interface system that uses electrooculography (EOG) signals measured from eye movements to control assistive devices. Electrodes placed around the eyes measure the small voltage changes corresponding to eye movements.
2. The EOG signals are amplified, filtered, and digitized before being fed into a microcontroller. Pattern recognition algorithms in the microcontroller are used to classify the eye movement and control eight different assistive devices.
3. The system provides an effective and low-cost means for individuals with disabilities to control devices through natural eye movements. Evaluation results demonstrated the system's ability to accurately detect different eye positions and directions of movement.
Modeling & simulation of grid connected photovoltaic systemIAEME Publication
This document discusses modeling and simulation of a grid-connected photovoltaic system incorporating insolation and temperature variation. It summarizes:
1) The photovoltaic module is modeled based on a single diode equivalent circuit model and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink.
2) A boost converter is used to increase the voltage from the PV module to a level that can be fed to the grid.
3) An inverter converts the DC output to AC voltage at 220V and 50Hz frequency matching the grid requirements.
4) The complete system model in MATLAB/Simulink shows the voltage output meets grid specifications.
IRJET- Modeling and Simulation of Electric Discharge Machine (EDM) and WEDM u...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used COMSOL Multiphysics software to simulate electric field distribution in electric discharge machining (EDM) and wire EDM processes. The study modeled electric fields using different dielectric systems, varying the inter-electrode gap and supply voltage. Results showed that maximum electric field depends on these parameters. In wire EDM, decreasing the frontal gap was found to increase the electric field angle and reduce side overcut in the workpiece. Overall, the simulation helped predict overcut and optimize process parameters to improve machining efficiency.
It is ultrathin electronics device attaches to the skin
like a sick on a tattoo which can measure electrical
the activity of heart, brain waves & other vital signals. There are various names of artificial skin in the biomedical field it is called as artificial skin, in our electronics field it is called as electronic skin, some scientist it called as sensitive skin, in other way it also called as synthetic skin, some people says that it is fake skin.
It is skin replacement for people who have suffered skin trauma, such as severe burns or skin diseases or Robotic application and so on.
Investigation of SLF-EMF effects on Human Body using Computer Simulation Tech...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used computer simulation to investigate the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) from high voltage power lines on the human body. Researchers created detailed 3D models of transmission line towers, power lines, and an anisotropic human body in CST simulation software. They simulated exposure from 750kV power lines and calculated the induced electric and magnetic fields and currents on the human body. Simulation results found that the maximum induced currents in the body were below internationally accepted safety limits from the ICNIRP, indicating that exposure from the transmission system would not harm humans. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of advanced computer modeling for safely investigating complex EMF-human body interactions.
Ieeepro techno solutions 2012 ieee embedded project development of wearable...srinivasanece7
This document describes the development of a 4x4 array of electromagnetic micro-actuators intended for dynamic tactile stimulation. Each actuator is 2.28mm in diameter and 7mm long, allowing integration into a dense array covering an area of 18mm by 21mm. Finite element analysis was used to optimize the design of a voice-coil type actuator that can produce over 26mN of force over a 2100μm stroke. Experimental evaluation showed no crosstalk between actuators spaced 3.3mm apart. The array exceeds the density of alternative designs and meets thresholds for human tactile perception.
Electric and magnetic field calculation software in transmission linesIJECEIAES
There is an interest in the biological effects of exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields issued by transmission lines on animals and humans. The fields generated by the lines are relevant for the design and operation of power systems. The study of the electric and magnetic fields in the transmission networks implemented commercial simulators bases on the finite element method. These commercial simulators are characterized by accuracy and high hardware and software requirements. This work presents CEM-LT, a tool that accurately precisely the electric and magnetic field in the transmission lines, with simple and intuitive handling and low processing times, making it ideal for being implemented together with optimization methods. The electric and magnetic field in the servant area for two case studies is analyzed to evaluate the accuracy and processing times. The level of accuracy is characterized by comparing the results with COMSOL obtaining errors of less than 2.4%. The case study with the highest computational requirement achieved a processing time of 3,027 seconds.
Emmy-awarded producer, director, and senior technologist with experience in startups, education, TV, VFX, and Fortune 500 companies. Lumiere-awarded storyteller specializing in AR and VR. Excel in creative partnerships, leading teams, and delivering high-quality content for brands, products, and visions. For a comprehensive review of my roles, with media, including technology research, analysis, and forecasting, please visit my LinkedIn profile.
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This document describes a new technology called RedTacton that uses the human body as a communication network or Human Area Network (HAN). It works by using the electric fields generated on the surface of the human body to transmit data wirelessly. Chips embedded in devices can send and receive digital files through contact with the body. RedTacton achieves duplex communication at speeds up to 10 Mbps using a photonic electric field sensor. It has applications for securely transferring data through natural touch-based interactions and movements of the human body. The document outlines the key features and safety of RedTacton as a new way to realize communication through physical human contact.
A Review Of The Skin Effect As Applied To Thin Film InterconnectionsSabrina Ball
This document provides a review of theoretical approaches that have been used to study the skin effect phenomenon in thin film interconnections. It discusses how the skin effect causes current to concentrate near the surface of a conductor at high frequencies. It surveys several common theoretical methods for modeling the skin effect, including incremental inductance, perturbational, and full wave analysis methods. These methods allow calculating the frequency-dependent resistance and current distribution in conductors. However, most are only valid when the skin effect is fully developed at high frequencies and assume transmission line modes that break down at very high frequencies relevant to digital signal propagation. Improved modeling approaches are needed that can accurately model skin effect behavior over broad digital signal frequency ranges.
This document describes a finite element model of a vibrating touch screen actuated by piezo patches for haptic feedback. The model was developed in ABAQUS to investigate different design configurations for the piezo patches and touch screen boundary conditions. The goal is to determine an optimal configuration that maximizes vibration amplitude on the screen surface while minimizing power consumption. Simulation results show that vibration amplitude varies across the screen depending on piezo patch location and orientation. Placing patches close to clamped screen edges produced higher amplitudes for a given applied charge.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on flexible electronic skin (e-skin). It discusses the history of e-skin development, how e-skin is constructed using circuits made of silicon with a filamentary serpentine shape. It describes how e-skin works using antennas, strain gauges and temperature sensors. Methods for fabricating e-skin are outlined using zinc oxide nanowires, gallium indium, organic transistors and OLEDs. Applications of e-skin include use in medical monitoring devices, robotics and interactive input devices. Future developments may include using e-skin to predict health issues in advance and integrating virtual screens.
IRJET- Assessment of Blood Vessel using Fat Cell AcousticsIRJET Journal
This document presents research on assessing blood vessels using fat cell acoustics. It discusses intra-body communication techniques using the human body as a transmission medium. Specifically, it proposes a novel technique called fat-intra body microwave communication that utilizes fat tissue between skin and muscle. The research aims to characterize wireless channels within the body using an electro-larynx scope to generate sound signals, an acoustic sensor to receive the signals, and signal processing algorithms like blind source separation and rational dilation wavelet transform. Experimental results on fat, muscle and combined fat-muscle tissue are presented and analyzed to evaluate the proposed technique.
Soft dielectric elastomer microactuator for robot locomotionjournalBEEI
This paper presents dielectric elastomer actuated robot locomotion and the development of a robotic model structure based using a dielectric elastomer actuator. A pre-stretched dielectric elastomer actuator is fabricated onto acrylic frames to form single and multiple robotic crawler models. The crawler models demonstrate forwards motion upon application of high voltage to the attached dielectric elastomer actuator. Characterizations revealed that the fabricated multiple crawler models showed results over the single crawler model in terms of locomotion potential. The maximum forward locomotion speed of the multiple crawler models is recorded as 1.2 mm/s. Nonetheless, precise results are highly attainable provided a structured and coherent fabrication technique of the dielectric elastomer actuator is implemented.
Analytical solution of 2d poisson’s equation using separation of variable met...IAEME Publication
This document presents an analytical solution to the 2D Poisson's equation for fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) MOSFETs. The solution is derived using the separation of variables method with appropriate boundary conditions. A simple and accurate analytical expression for the surface potential in the channel is obtained. The proposed model can help reduce short channel effects and drain-induced barrier lowering in FDSOI MOSFETs. Simulation results show the potential decreases with increasing SOI film thickness and channel length.
Analytical solution of 2d poisson’s equation using separation of variable met...IAEME Publication
This document presents an analytical solution to the 2D Poisson's equation for fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) MOSFETs. The solution is derived using the separation of variables method with appropriate boundary conditions. A simple and accurate analytical expression for the surface potential in the channel is obtained. The proposed model can help reduce short channel effects and drain-induced barrier lowering in FDSOI MOSFETs. Simulation results show the potential decreases with increasing SOI film thickness and channel length.
Redtacton the forward thinking of human area networkeSAT Journals
Abstract Human society is entering an era of ubiquitous computing, when networks are seamlessly interconnected and information is always accessible at our fingertips. In the world of computers, networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data. Red Tacton is emerging technology that enables the first practical HAN (Human Area Network)between body-centered electronic devices and PCs or other network devices embedded in the environment via a new generation of user interface based on totally natural human actions such as touching, holding, sitting, walking, or stepping on a particular spot. By making Human Area Networks feasible, Red Tacton will enable ubiquitous services based on human centered interactions and therefore more intimate and easier for people to use. Red Tacton is a break-through technology that uses the surface of the human body as a safe, high speed network transmission path. So we, in this paper are explaining the unique new functional features and enormous potential of Red Tacton as a Human Area networking technology. Technology is making many things easier; we can say that our concept is standing example for that. So far we have seen LAN, MAN, WAN, INTERNET & many more but here is new concept of “RED TACTON” which makes the human body as a communication network. Keywords: Electro sensor, Human area network, Redtacton
RedTacton is a new technology developed by NTT that enables communication through the human body using very weak electric fields on the skin's surface. It allows for a "Human Area Network" where electronic devices can connect and exchange data when touching different parts of the body. RedTacton uses a photonic electric field sensor combining an electro-optic crystal and laser to detect tiny fluctuations in the electric field caused by transmitting data. This powers duplex communication at speeds up to 10 Mbps. Potential applications include instantly sharing files between devices with a handshake, personalizing devices with a touch, and triggering alarms if the wrong medicine is touched.
THE EFFECT OF INTERFACE MODIFICATION BY PEDOT: PSS ON THE HOLE MOBILITY OF TH...ijoejournal
The purpose of the work is to understand how to effect the interface PEDOT: PSS on the hole mobility of
the LEC device by Space Charge Limited Current (SCLC) approaches technique. PEDOT: PSS plays a
significant role in organic electronics device as interface modification, particularly on Light-emitting
electrochemical cells (LEC) due to fundamental structure of hole only device. This study analyses the hole
mobility of the device based on current-voltage characteristic approach at room temperature. It has been
observed that the PEDOT: PSS interface increases the hole mobility of the LEC device by a factor of 108
.
Temperature dependent electrical response of orange dye complex basedIAEME Publication
The document summarizes research on temperature-dependent electrical properties of Orange-Dye complex based Schottky diodes. Schottky diodes were fabricated from Orange-Dye and Vinyl-Ehtynyl-Trimehyl-Piperiodole complex deposited via spin coating. Current-voltage measurements showed the diodes followed the space charge limited current model. Analysis of this data determined how parameters like mobility, trap density, and threshold voltage varied with temperature, improving at higher temperatures. The study provided insight into charge transport within the organic semiconductor complex.
1. The document describes a human-machine interface system that uses electrooculography (EOG) signals measured from eye movements to control assistive devices. Electrodes placed around the eyes measure the small voltage changes corresponding to eye movements.
2. The EOG signals are amplified, filtered, and digitized before being fed into a microcontroller. Pattern recognition algorithms in the microcontroller are used to classify the eye movement and control eight different assistive devices.
3. The system provides an effective and low-cost means for individuals with disabilities to control devices through natural eye movements. Evaluation results demonstrated the system's ability to accurately detect different eye positions and directions of movement.
Modeling & simulation of grid connected photovoltaic systemIAEME Publication
This document discusses modeling and simulation of a grid-connected photovoltaic system incorporating insolation and temperature variation. It summarizes:
1) The photovoltaic module is modeled based on a single diode equivalent circuit model and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink.
2) A boost converter is used to increase the voltage from the PV module to a level that can be fed to the grid.
3) An inverter converts the DC output to AC voltage at 220V and 50Hz frequency matching the grid requirements.
4) The complete system model in MATLAB/Simulink shows the voltage output meets grid specifications.
IRJET- Modeling and Simulation of Electric Discharge Machine (EDM) and WEDM u...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used COMSOL Multiphysics software to simulate electric field distribution in electric discharge machining (EDM) and wire EDM processes. The study modeled electric fields using different dielectric systems, varying the inter-electrode gap and supply voltage. Results showed that maximum electric field depends on these parameters. In wire EDM, decreasing the frontal gap was found to increase the electric field angle and reduce side overcut in the workpiece. Overall, the simulation helped predict overcut and optimize process parameters to improve machining efficiency.
It is ultrathin electronics device attaches to the skin
like a sick on a tattoo which can measure electrical
the activity of heart, brain waves & other vital signals. There are various names of artificial skin in the biomedical field it is called as artificial skin, in our electronics field it is called as electronic skin, some scientist it called as sensitive skin, in other way it also called as synthetic skin, some people says that it is fake skin.
It is skin replacement for people who have suffered skin trauma, such as severe burns or skin diseases or Robotic application and so on.
Investigation of SLF-EMF effects on Human Body using Computer Simulation Tech...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used computer simulation to investigate the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) from high voltage power lines on the human body. Researchers created detailed 3D models of transmission line towers, power lines, and an anisotropic human body in CST simulation software. They simulated exposure from 750kV power lines and calculated the induced electric and magnetic fields and currents on the human body. Simulation results found that the maximum induced currents in the body were below internationally accepted safety limits from the ICNIRP, indicating that exposure from the transmission system would not harm humans. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of advanced computer modeling for safely investigating complex EMF-human body interactions.
Ieeepro techno solutions 2012 ieee embedded project development of wearable...srinivasanece7
This document describes the development of a 4x4 array of electromagnetic micro-actuators intended for dynamic tactile stimulation. Each actuator is 2.28mm in diameter and 7mm long, allowing integration into a dense array covering an area of 18mm by 21mm. Finite element analysis was used to optimize the design of a voice-coil type actuator that can produce over 26mN of force over a 2100μm stroke. Experimental evaluation showed no crosstalk between actuators spaced 3.3mm apart. The array exceeds the density of alternative designs and meets thresholds for human tactile perception.
Electric and magnetic field calculation software in transmission linesIJECEIAES
There is an interest in the biological effects of exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields issued by transmission lines on animals and humans. The fields generated by the lines are relevant for the design and operation of power systems. The study of the electric and magnetic fields in the transmission networks implemented commercial simulators bases on the finite element method. These commercial simulators are characterized by accuracy and high hardware and software requirements. This work presents CEM-LT, a tool that accurately precisely the electric and magnetic field in the transmission lines, with simple and intuitive handling and low processing times, making it ideal for being implemented together with optimization methods. The electric and magnetic field in the servant area for two case studies is analyzed to evaluate the accuracy and processing times. The level of accuracy is characterized by comparing the results with COMSOL obtaining errors of less than 2.4%. The case study with the highest computational requirement achieved a processing time of 3,027 seconds.
Similar to Electronic Skin for Programmable Touch Operation Platform (20)
Emmy-awarded producer, director, and senior technologist with experience in startups, education, TV, VFX, and Fortune 500 companies. Lumiere-awarded storyteller specializing in AR and VR. Excel in creative partnerships, leading teams, and delivering high-quality content for brands, products, and visions. For a comprehensive review of my roles, with media, including technology research, analysis, and forecasting, please visit my LinkedIn profile.
"State of AI, 2019," from MMC Ventures, in partnership with Barclays.
The State of AI 2019: Divergence
As Artificial Intelligence (AI) proliferates, a divide is emerging. Between nations and
within industries, winners and losers are emerging in the race for adoption, the war
for talent and the competition for value creation.
The landscape for entrepreneurs is also changing. Europe’s ecosystem of 1,600 AI
startups is maturing and bringing creative destruction to new industries. While the
UK is the powerhouse of European AI, hubs in Germany and France are thriving and
may extend their influence in the decade ahead.
As new AI hardware and software make the impossible inevitable, we also face
divergent futures. AI offers profound benefits but poses significant risks. Which
future will we choose?
Our State of AI report for 2019 empowers entrepreneurs, corporate executives,
investors and policy-makers. While jargon-free, our Report draws on unique data
and 400 discussions with ecosystem participants to go beyond the hype and explain
the reality of AI today, what is to come and how to take advantage. Every chapter
includes actionable recommendations.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a source of both huge excitement
and apprehension. What are the real opportunities and threats
for your business? Drawing on a detailed analysis of the business
impact of AI, we identify the most valuable commercial opening in
your market and how to take advantage of them.
Meta: Four Predictions for the Future of Work
Discover the trends shaping the future of hybrid working and work in the metaverse, and how they’ll redefine inclusion in the workplace. We spoke to 2,000 employees and 400 business leaders in the US and UK to understand the impact.
How could machines learn as eciently as humans and animals? How could machines
learn to reason and plan? How could machines learn representations of percepts
and action plans at multiple levels of abstraction, enabling them to reason, predict,
and plan at multiple time horizons? This position paper proposes an architecture and
training paradigms with which to construct autonomous intelligent agents. It combines
concepts such as congurable predictive world model, behavior driven through intrinsic
motivation, and hierarchical joint embedding architectures trained with self-supervised
learning.
This document is not a technical nor scholarly paper in the traditional sense, but a position
paper expressing my vision for a path towards intelligent machines that learn more like
animals and humans, that can reason and plan, and whose behavior is driven by intrinsic
objectives, rather than by hard-wired programs, external supervision, or external rewards.
Many ideas described in this paper (almost all of them) have been formulated by many
authors in various contexts in various form. The present piece does not claim priority for
any of them but presents a proposal for how to assemble them into a consistent whole. In
particular, the piece pinpoints the challenges ahead. It also lists a number of avenues that
are likely or unlikely to succeed.
The text is written with as little jargon as possible, and using as little mathematical
prior knowledge as possible, so as to appeal to readers with a wide variety of backgrounds
including neuroscience, cognitive science, and philosophy, in addition to machine learning,
robotics, and other fields of engineering. I hope that this piece will help contextualize some
of the research in AI whose relevance is sometimes difficult to see.
InfiniteNature-Zero: Learning Perpetual View Generation of Natural Scenes from Single Images
Abstract. We present a method for learning to generate unbounded flythrough videos of natural scenes starting from a single view, where this capability is learned from a collection of single photographs, without requiring camera poses or even multiple views of each scene. To achieve this, we propose a novel self-supervised view generation training paradigm, where we sample and rendering virtual camera trajectories, including cyclic ones, allowing our model to learn stable view generation from a collection of single views. At test time, despite never seeing a video during training, our approach can take a single image and generate long camera trajectories comprised of hundreds of new views with realistic and diverse contents. We compare our approach with recent state-of-the-art supervised view generation methods that require posed multi-view videos and demonstrate superior performance and synthesis quality.
Dialing up the danger: Virtual reality for the simulation of riskAlejandro Franceschi
There is a growing interest the use of virtual reality (VR) to simulate unsafe spaces, scenarios, and behaviours. Environments that might be difficult, costly, dangerous, or ethically contentious to achieve in real life can be created in virtual environments designed to give participants a convincing experience of “being there.” There is little consensus in the academic community about the impact of simulating risky content in virtual reality, and a scarcity of evidence to support the various hypotheses which range from VR being a safe place to rehearse challenging scenarios to calls for such content creation to be halted for fear of irreversible harm to users. Perspectives split along disciplinary lines, with competing ideas emerging from cultural studies and games studies, from psychology and neuroscience, and with industry reports championing the efficacy of these tools for information retention, time efficiency and cost, with little equivalence in information available regarding impact on the wellbeing of participants. In this study we use thematic analysis and close reading language analysis to investigate the way in which participants in a VR training scenario respond to, encode and relay their own experiences. We find that participants overall demonstrate high levels of “perceptual proximity” to the experience, recounting it as something that happened to them directly and personally. We discuss the impact of particular affordances of VR, as well as a participant’s prior experience on the impact of high-stress simulations. Finally, we consider the ethical mandate for training providers to mitigate the risk of traumatizing or re-traumatizing participants when creating high-risk virtual scenarios.
- The metaverse is still being defined but has the potential to be the next iteration of the internet by seamlessly combining digital and physical lives through immersion, interactivity, and use cases beyond gaming.
- Large technology companies, venture capital, private equity, start-ups, and brands have already invested over $120 billion in the metaverse in 2022 alone, driven by expectations of its economic impact and opportunities.
- The metaverse's potential economic impact is estimated to reach up to $5 trillion by 2030, generating new business models and engagement channels across industries like e-commerce, education, healthcare, and more.
Bank of England Staff Working Paper No 605 The Macroeconomics of Central Bank...Alejandro Franceschi
Bank of England Staff Working Paper No 605 The Macroeconomics of Central Bank Issued Digital Currencies (CBDC).
A study on the macroeconomic consequences of issuing a central bank digital currency (CBDC) - a universally accessible and interest-bearing central bank liability, implemented via distributed ledgers, that competes with bank deposits as a medium of exchange. Some summary results are: a possible rise in GDP by 3%, reductions in real interest rates, distortionary taxes, and monetary transaction costs. As a second monetary policy instrument, which could substantially improve the central bank's ability to stabilize the business cycle.
THE METAVERSE IS POTENTIALLY AN $8 TRILLION TO $13 TRILLION OPPORTUNITY (Citibank):
We believe the Metaverse may be the next generation of the
internet — combining the physical and digital world in a persistent
and immersive manner — and not purely a Virtual Reality world.
A device-agnostic Metaverse accessible via PCs, game consoles, and
smartphones could result in a very large ecosystem. Based on our
definition, we estimate the total addressable market for the Metaverse
economy could grow to between $8 trillion and $13 trillion by 2030.
METAVERSE USE CASES:
Gaming is viewed as a key Metaverse use case for the next several years due to the immersive and multi-player
experience of the space currently. But we believe that the Metaverse will eventually help us find new enhanced ways to
do all of our current activities, including commerce, entertainment and media, education and training, manufacturing and
enterprise in general. Enterprise use cases of the Metaverse in the coming years will likely include internal collaboration,
client contact, sales and marketing, advertising, events and conferences, engineering and design, and workforce train
METAVERSE INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING:
the current state, the internet infrastructure is unsuitable for building a fully-immersive content streaming Metaverse
environment, that enables users to go seamlessly from one experience to another. To make the vision of Metaverse a reality, we
expect significant investment in a confluence of technology. Low latency — the time it takes a data signal to travel from one point
on the internet to another point and then come back — is critical to building a more realistic user experience.
MONEY IN THE METAVERSE:
We expect the next generation of the internet, i.e., the Metaverse, would encapsulate a range of form factors of money, including
the existing/traditional forms of money and also upcoming/digitally-native forms — cryptocurrency, stablecoins, central bank
digital currencies (CBDCs) — that were out of scope in a pre-blockchain virtual world
This document is the copyright of its respective holders. It is freely available on the Internet to anyone who searches for it independently. It is provided here under the "Fair Use Doctrine of U.S. Copyright Law."
Vitalik Buterin | Crypto Cities
In this whitepper, Vitalik outlines some concepts for how a new model of a city running on a blockchain, empoowers the community to essentially self-govern.
Everyone can vote on the blockchain, decisions are made as a collective on where to put monies to use, and work outside the community not unlike a centralized DAO (an oxymoron, but it is the proposal herein).
This is not science fiction. Thanks to a new law in Wisconsin that permits these types of collectives, or communities, etc., the radical (?), or rather, evolutionary step for this has already begun; and not just in Wisconsin, but Miami is a key location as well.
Mixed Reality: Pose Aware Object Replacement for Alternate RealitiesAlejandro Franceschi
This document explains how the technology involved, can semantically replace moving objects, humans, and other such visual input, and transform it, using mixed reality, into whatever the viewer would prefer the real world looks like instead.
From videogames to movies, to education, healthcare, commerce, communications, and industrial solutions, this will radically change the way we interact with the world, with others, and ourselves.
MaterialX has been integrated into MayaUSD and ArnoldUSD in the following ways:
- MaterialX definitions can be imported and exported from MayaUSD to enable interoperability via UsdShade and the MaterialX Preview Surface.
- The standard MaterialX shader generator is used to visualize MaterialX materials directly in Maya's viewport without translation, leveraging the same GLSL code generator as hdStorm.
- A plugin architecture allows custom MaterialX to Preview Surface translations to be defined and used for import and export between DCC tools and renderers.
Google Research Siggraph Whitepaper | Total Relighting: Learning to Relight P...Alejandro Franceschi
Google Research Siggraph Whitepaper | Total Relighting: Learning to Relight Portraits for Background Replacement
Abstract:
Given a portrait and an arbitrary high dynamic range lighting environment, our framework uses machine learning to composite the subject into a new scene, while accurately modeling their appearance in the target illumination condition. We estimate a high quality alpha matte, foreground element, albedo map, and surface normals, and we propose a novel, per-pixel lighting representation within a deep learning framework.
Intel, Intelligent Systems Lab: Syable View Synthesis WhitepaperAlejandro Franceschi
Intel, Intelligent Systems Lab:
Stable View Synthesis Whitepaper
We present Stable View Synthesis (SVS). Given a set
of source images depicting a scene from freely distributed
viewpoints, SVS synthesizes new views of the scene. The
method operates on a geometric scaffold computed via
structure-from-motion and multi-view stereo. Each point
on this 3D scaffold is associated with view rays and corresponding feature vectors that encode the appearance of
this point in the input images.
The core of SVS is view dependent on-surface feature aggregation, in which directional feature vectors at each 3D point are processed to produce a new feature vector for a ray that maps this point into the new target view.
The target view is then rendered by a convolutional network from a tensor of features synthesized in this way for all pixels. The method is composed of differentiable modules and is trained end-to-end. It supports spatially-varying view-dependent importance weighting and feature transformation of source images at each point; spatial and temporal stability due to the smooth dependence of on-surface feature aggregation on the target view; and synthesis of view-dependent effects such as specular reflection.
Experimental results demonstrate that SVS outperforms state-of-the-art view synthesis methods both quantitatively and qualitatively on three diverse realworld datasets, achieving unprecedented levels of realism in free-viewpoint video of challenging large-scale scenes.
PWC: Why we believe VR/AR will boost global GDP by $1.5 trillionAlejandro Franceschi
VR and AR have the potential to boost the global economy by $1.5 trillion by 2030. The document discusses how these technologies can transform business in areas like product development, training, process improvements, healthcare and retail. It provides examples of how different industries like automotive, energy, and healthcare are already using VR and AR to improve efficiency and customer experiences. The technologies are maturing and will be further enabled by 5G networks, with AR expected to have a bigger economic impact than VR through 2030. For businesses to fully realize the value, they need to address cultural concerns and privacy/security issues around the technologies.
This document provides an overview of 10 UK immersive technology companies that have raised significant funding. It discusses Anything World, a platform for creating 3D worlds using voice controls and AI; Bodyswaps, a VR platform for soft skills training that has worked with organizations like Save the Children; and Anthropic, an AI safety startup that has raised $50 million and works on techniques like constitutional AI. The document highlights the companies' technologies, customers, fundraising journeys, and growth opportunities in areas like enterprise training as immersive tech adoption increases.
1. The document presents an approach to enhance the realism of synthetic images rendered by game engines. A convolutional network is trained to modify rendered images using intermediate representations from the rendering process.
2. The network is trained with an adversarial objective to provide strong supervision at multiple perceptual levels. A new strategy is proposed for sampling image patches during training to address differences in scene layout distributions between datasets.
3. The approach significantly enhances photorealism over recent image-to-image translation methods and baselines, as shown in controlled experiments. It can add realistic details like gloss, vegetation, and road textures while keeping enhancements consistent with the input image content.
Stanford University: Artificial Intelligence Index Report, 2021
The AI Index is an effort to track, collate, distill and visualize data relating to artificial intelligence. It aspires to be a comprehensive resource of data and analysis for policymakers, researchers, executives, journalists, and the general public to develop intuitions about the complex field of AI.
Source: https://aiindex.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021-AI-Index-Report_Master.pdf
HAI Industry Brief: AI & the Future of Work Post Covid
Stanford University, Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence:
Researchers studying how AI can be used to help teams collaborate, improve workplace culture, promote employee well-being, assist humans in dangerous environments, and more.
Source: https://aiindex.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021-AI-Index-Report_Master.pdf
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during MigrationMydbops
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
Contact us: info@mydbops.com
Visit: https://www.mydbops.com/
Follow us on LinkedIn: https://in.linkedin.com/company/mydbops
For more details and updates, please follow up the below links.
Meetup Page : https://www.meetup.com/mydbops-databa...
Twitter: https://twitter.com/mydbopsofficial
Blogs: https://www.mydbops.com/blog/
Facebook(Meta): https://www.facebook.com/mydbops/
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...DanBrown980551
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
-Alex Thornton, LF Energy
-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
Three primary specifications will be discussed:
-Discovery and client registration, emphasizing transparent processes and secure and private access
-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
This talk will cover ScyllaDB Architecture from the cluster-level view and zoom in on data distribution and internal node architecture. In the process, we will learn the secret sauce used to get ScyllaDB's high availability and superior performance. We will also touch on the upcoming changes to ScyllaDB architecture, moving to strongly consistent metadata and tablets.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...Fwdays
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
We will focus special attention on the architectural patterns used in the design of the fintech system, microservices and event-driven architecture, which ensure scalability, fault tolerance, and consistency of the entire system.
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham HillLizaNolte
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) invited Taylor Paschal, Knowledge & Information Management Consultant at Enterprise Knowledge, to speak at a Knowledge Management Lunch and Learn hosted on June 12, 2024. All Office of Administration staff were invited to attend and received professional development credit for participating in the voluntary event.
The objectives of the Lunch and Learn presentation were to:
- Review what KM ‘is’ and ‘isn’t’
- Understand the value of KM and the benefits of engaging
- Define and reflect on your “what’s in it for me?”
- Share actionable ways you can participate in Knowledge - - Capture & Transfer
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
What is an RPA CoE? Session 2 – CoE RolesDianaGray10
In this session, we will review the players involved in the CoE and how each role impacts opportunities.
Topics covered:
• What roles are essential?
• What place in the automation journey does each role play?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin GoedeckeFwdays
How we managed to grow and scale a RAG application from zero to thousands of users in 7 months. Lessons from technical challenges around managing high load for LLMs, RAGs and Vector databases.
2. Zhao et al., Sci. Adv. 2020; 6 : eaba4294 8 July 2020
SCI ENCE ADVANCES | RESEARCH ARTICLE
2 of 7
Figure 1E shows the output voltage of the SUE-skin under sliding
touch stimuli. The schematics for the fabrication procedure of
the SUE-skin, as shown in Fig. 1F [note S1 and fig. S1 (B to D) for
synthesis and characterization of ZnS (ZnS: Cu, Al) phosphor
particles;MaterialsandMethodsfordetailsoftheSUE-skinfabrication].
The as-fabricated SUE-skin consists of a phosphor layer, an electrode
(Al), an insulating layer (Kapton), a shield layer (Al), and a substrate
[polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)]. The shield is grounded during
operation to minimize external interference during electrical signal
acquisition. Most of the traditional triboelectric-electroluminescent
devices are based on ZnS: Cu (32–35), and the ZnS: Cu, Al synthesized
here has higher luminous efficiency than ZnS: Cu because it is doped
with Al as a co-activator. As shown in fig. S1E, under the same
touch stimuli, the luminous brightness of ZnS: Cu, Al–based SUE-skin
is much higher than that of ZnS: Cu–based SUE-skin. Figure 1G
shows that the SUE-skin can be bent, rolled, and folded without any
mechanical failure, with a minimum bending radius of 2 mm and a
maximum folding pressure of 2 MPa. As shown in fig. S1 (F to K),
the luminous intensities have been recorded every 40 bending/rolling
cycles, and the time-lapse optical photos and surface scanning elec-
tron microscopy (SEM) images of SUE-skin have been taken every
400 bending/rolling cycles. The luminous intensity and surface
topography remain stable during and after 1200 bending/rolling
cycles, which demonstrate that the SUE-skin has excellent mechanical
stability.
The triboelectric-optical model
The SUE-skin’s ability to achieve touch visualization and mapping
at low-pressure thresholds is based on our proposed triboelectric-
optical model, which induces both electrostatic induction and
electroluminescence through triboelectrification, as shown in Fig. 2A
(contact-separation mode) and fig. S2 (sliding mode; note S2). The
charge transfer behaviors of the processes of contact-separation
mode and sliding mode are similar in the basic principle of the
triboelectrification. Here, it is assumed that the dielectric binder has
a larger surface work function than human skin.
When the human skin is in full contact with the SUE-skin
(Fig. 2Ai), the human skin and the dielectric adhesive acquire net
positive and net negative triboelectric charges, respectively. When
the human skin gradually separates from the SUE-skin (Fig. 2Aii),
the top surface of the dielectric adhesive is negatively charged, and
an induced current is generated in the external circuit. During this
process, there is a varying electric field between the top surface of
the dielectric binder and the electrode. The electrons produced within
Fig. 1. Concept and processing approach of the SUE-skin. (A) Schematic diagram of the SUE-skin, which can convert a touch stimulation into an optical signal visible
to the human eye and an electrical signal for machine control simultaneously. IoT, Internet of things. (B) The multiple frames at different timestamps (1 to 7) and the time-
lapse optical photo (8) of the visual output under the sliding touch. (C) The chromaticity diagram calculated from the emission spectrum of SUE-skin. (D) Stability and
repeatability test of the SUE-skin’s luminescence feature by 1000 cycles. (E) The voltage output of the SUE-skin under sliding touch stimuli. (F) Process flow diagram for
device fabrication. (G) The SUE-skin was subjected to different mechanical deformations sequentially, which was (i) original, (ii) bent, (iii) rolled, (iv) folded, and (v)
released. Scale bars, 1 cm. a.u., arbitrary units. Photo credit for (B) and (G): Xuan Zhao, University of Science and Technology Beijing.
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the lattice by the impact ionization move toward the bottom of the
ZnS phosphor particle under the induction of the above varying
electric field (36, 37). During the movement, some of the electrons
affect the luminescence centers, thereby exciting the luminescence
centers and causing electroluminescence. When the human skin is
completely separated (the threshold distance for complete separation
is about 1 to 2 mm) from the SUE-skin (Fig. 2Aiii), no current is
generated in the external circuit. At the same time, the electrons
have been concentrated at the bottom of the ZnS phosphor particle
under the electric field induction and will not affect the luminescence
centers, so the device does not emit light. When the human skin
approaches the SUE-skin again (Fig. 2Aiv), an induced current is
generated again in the external circuit. During this process, the electric
field between the upper surface of the dielectric binder and the elec-
trode gradually disappears. The electrons inside the ZnS that lose
the effect of the electric field move in reverse and impact with the
luminescence centers again to excite it and cause electroluminescence
again. As described in the model, there are two luminescence phe-
nomena in one contact-separation cycle (movie S3). Of course, for
sliding touch, since the time from the start of the contact to the
complete separation is short, and the electroluminescence of ZnS
has an afterglow of tens to hundreds of milliseconds, it is generally
difficult to distinguish the two luminescence phenomena during
the period.
The higher the pressure during the contact-separation process,
the greater the amplitude of the electrical and optical signals generated
by the SUE-skin, as shown in Fig. 2B. However, if a prestress is
applied in advance under the contact state, and then adding stress is
added to the prestress so that the final pressure is equal to 300 kPa,
as shown in Fig. 2C, then the amplitude of the output electrical and
optical signals decreases as the prestress increases. The details of the
prestress here are described in note S3 and fig. S3. Furthermore,
eventually, the optical outputs tend to zero when the prestress is
more than 160 kPa, and the electrical outputs tend to zero when the
Fig. 2. The triboelectric-optical model. (A) Schematic diagram of the physical model of the triboelectric-optical effect in contact-separation mode. (B) Light intensity
and output voltage of the SUE-skin under different pressures. (C) Light intensity and output voltage of the SUE-skin under different prestress. (D) The spectrogram of tri-
boluminescence (TL) of the SUE-skin. (E) The spectrogram of electroluminescence (EL) of the synthesized ZnS: Cu, Al powder. (F) The spectrogram of room temperature
photoluminescence (PL) of the synthesized ZnS: Cu, Al powder.
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prestress is more than 240 kPa. The reason for this phenomenon is
that the contact is not tight when the prestress is small, and tribo
electricity is generated because the contact becomes tighter in the
subsequent pressure increase. When the prestress is large, then the
adding stress will not produce triboelectricity, and thus, there will
be no electrical and optical output. From another point of view,
although the sphalerite-ZnS having piezoelectricity is used here
(fig. S1D), the outputs of the SUE-skin under touch stimuli are
not caused by the piezoelectric effect. It also proves that the optical
signal output generated by the SUE-skin here is not from the
mechanoluminescence caused by lattice distortion or material cracking.
The comparisons of Fig. 2 (D to F) reveal that the triboluminescence
(TL) of the SUE-skin under touch stimuli is from electroluminescence
(EL) rather than room temperature photoluminescence (PL). A
detailed explanation is given in note S4 and fig. S4.
Besides, we have found that when the liquid flows through
the surface of the SUE-skin, the output optical signals can also be
generated (note S5, fig. S5, and movie S4). This previously unknown
phenomenon can further prove the above working principle of the
SUE-skin. In summary, the total intensity of the electrical output and
light output of the SUE-skin depends on the strength of the tribo
electrification, and the intensity of the two outputs is mutually con-
strained when the strength of the triboelectrification is constant.
Performance optimization of the SUE-skin
In the process of touching, the contact area and pressure of the
human skin and the SUE-skin are difficult to precisely control. So,
in all quantitative tests on the outputs of SUE-skin (fig. S6 for the
schematic of the testing equipment), glass was used instead of human
skin, which is close to the human skin in the triboelectric series
(Fig. 3A). As mentioned above, the outputs of the SUE-skin, whether
electrical or optical, are induced by the triboelectrification. Therefore,
enhancing the strength of frictional electrification is the fundamental
method to optimize the performance of the SUE-skin. Two of the
most recognized methods for improving triboelectrification are the
selection of suitable friction materials and surface treatment, such
as the fabrication of microstructures to increase the surface area and
change the excited state concentration of the surface (38, 39). As
shown in Fig. 3B, the effect of various binders [ethyl cellulose (EC),
methylcellulose (MC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PDMS, and Ecoflex
00-20 (Ecoflex)] on device output was compared. The results are
consistent with the triboelectric series, and the output performances
are best when Ecoflex is used as the binder. As shown in Fig. 3C,
after the surface treatment of Ecoflex by reactive ion etching (RIE),
the output performance of the device is significantly improved.
Characterization of Ecoflex surface morphology before and after
RIE treatment is shown in fig. S7 (A to D). In the above comparison,
the mass ratio of ZnS to Ecoflex is 1:1, and the thickness of the ZnS
and Ecoflex composite is 500 m. For practical interactive applications,
the higher the intensity of the output optical signal, the easier it will
be recognized by the human eye. Therefore, on the premise that the
output voltage can be directly identified by the microcontroller
(without filtering and amplification), we want the intensity of the
output optical signal to be as high as possible. In other words, after
increasing the total output of the SUE-skin by material selection
and surface treatment, the strength of the electrical output and the
light output has to be coordinated.
The main factors affecting the relative strength of the two outputs
are the mass ratio of ZnS to Ecoflex and the thickness of the com-
posite, as shown in Fig. 3 (D and E). When the mass ratio of ZnS to
Ecoflex is increased (as the thickness of the composite is 500 m),
the density of the luminescent center in the same rubbing region is
Fig. 3. Performance optimization of the SUE-skin. (A) The position of different materials in the triboelectric series. (B) The output electrical and optical signals of the
SUE-skin when different materials are used as binders. (C) The output electrical and optical signals of the SUE-skin before and after the reactive ion etching (RIE) process.
(D) The output electrical and optical signals of the SUE-skin when the mixing ratio of ZnS and Ecoflex is different. (E) The output electrical and optical signals of the SUE-
skin when the thickness of the composite is different.
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increased, so the intensity of the output optical signal of the device
is increased. At the same time, since ZnS is a semiconductor, it will
have a shielding effect on the electrostatic induction process of the
SUE-skin. Therefore, as the ratio of ZnS to Ecoflex increases, the
output electrical signal strength of the device will decrease. When
the thickness of the composite is increased (as the mass ratio of ZnS
to Ecoflex is 1:1), the density of the luminescent center in the same
friction region is also increased, so the intensity of the output optical
signal of the device is also increased. Besides, when the mass ratio of
ZnS to Ecoflex is more than 1:1, the composite film is easily cracked
and has reduced elasticity (fig. S7, E to H). However, the higher the
thickness, the longer the electrostatic induction distance for the
SUE-skin, so the output electrical signal is smaller.
To realize that the electrical signal can be accurately recognized by
the microcontroller, the electrical signal must be larger than a certain
thresholdtoensuresufficientanti-interferenceperformanceandsmaller
than the reference voltage inside the microcontroller to avoid break-
down.Forourintegratedcontrolplatform,whentheanaloginputsignal
of the analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) is higher than 0.5 V, it can
achieveverygoodinterferenceimmunity.Also,theanalogvoltageinput
range of the microcontroller is 0 to 3.3 V. In actual tests, when the out-
put voltage of the SUE-skin is about 40 V, the corresponding divided
voltage of the ADC module is about 2.7 V, which just meets the above
requirements. So, the relevant parameters of the SUE-skin are deter-
mined as, friction material (binder), Ecoflex; surface treatment, RIE;
the mass ratio of ZnS and Ecoflex, 1:1; and the thickness of the ZnS
Fig. 4. Demonstration of the programmable touch operation platform by tracks recognition. (A) Schematic diagram of the four-electrode SUE-skin. (B) Optical
photograph and electrodes schematic of the SUE-skin. (C) Schematic diagram of the programmable control module. (D) Touch operation demonstration for audio play-
back. (E) Touch operation demonstration for the characters displaying. Photo credit for (B), (D), and (E): Xuan Zhao, University of Science and Technology Beijing.
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and Ecoflex composite, 500 m. Movie S5 demonstrates the lumines-
cence of the ZnS-Ecoflex composite film rubbed by hand.
Demonstration of the programmable touch
operation platform
Because of its good intuitiveness, the interactive operation has
essential application value in the fields of wearable electronic devices,
industrial Internet, and smart home. We combined the SUE-skin
with a microcontroller to build a programmable touch operation
platform, which can recognize different touch tracks for easy control
of consumer electronics. As shown in Fig. 4 (A to C), each channel
from the SUE-skin is connected to the low-pass resistor-capacitance
filter to decrease electrical noise. Using 10-megohm resistor and
1-nF capacitor, the corresponding cutoff frequency is 15.9 Hz.
The electrical signals generated by the four-electrode SUE-skin
are input to the MCU (STM32F407) and converted into digital
signals by the built-in ADC of the MCU. The MCU is programmed
in LabVIEW embedded by advanced reduced instruction set com-
puting machine to recognize electrical signals of the SUE-skin and
control external devices through drive circuits. The signal process-
ing details and flowcharts are shown in fig. S8. First, the MCU
collects input voltage signals of the SUE-skin by ADC from four pins
(PA0, PA1, PA2, and PA3) and then checks if signals are above the
threshold value. Once signals that exceed the threshold are acquired,
the MCU records the pins that were triggered during a time period
and converts them into a one-dimensional array and then checks if
the array is a preset instruction. If yes, then it converts the resulting
one-dimensional array to a control variable. Different control vari-
ables correspond to different output instructions to control the pe-
ripheral equipment. Because of the intuitive touch lighting and signal
processing technology, this interactive programmable touch operation
platformcansupportmorethan156touchinteractionlogics(seefig.S9).
Figure 4 (D and E) is interactive operation demonstrations of the
control of the external audio module and display module (movies
S6 to S8). As shown in Fig. 4D, when the finger is swiped from the
region 1 to 2, the audio is turned on for music (Hotel California)
playback; when the finger is swiped from the region 1 to 3, the music
is played at 2× speed; and when the finger is swiped from the region 3
to 1, the standard rate is resumed. When the finger is swiped from
the region 2 to 4, the music is played at 0.5× speed; when the finger
is swiped from the region 4 to 2, the standard rate is resumed; and
when the finger is swiped from the region 2 to 1, the music is paused.
The inset map in the lower-left corner of each process shows the
illuminating tracks during the operation. Figure 4E is the photographs
of the luminescence at different touches, the characters displayed
on the external LCD screen, and the real-time electrical signals were
acquired in the four channels. In addition, finger sliding velocity
sensing may be useful for the application of HMI. Here, from the
distance between the center points of different electrodes and the
time difference between the electrical signals generated by different
channels, the sliding speed of the fingertips can be calculated easily.
Moreover, we explored the possibility of high-robust touch track
monitoring with the superposition of electrical and optical signals,
as shown in note S6 and fig. S10.
DISCUSSION
In this work, we demonstrated the concept of SUE-skin, which is
capable of interactive luminescence and tactile-sensing properties
without external power supply. The theoretical basis for realizing
this concept is the triboelectric-optical model, which is effective in
illustrating the mechanism of touch light emission at low trigger
pressure threshold (20 kPa, only 1% compared to the traditional
mechanoluminescence). On the basis of the triboelectric-optical
model, a seamless integration of visual and electrical mapping of
touch stimuli is achieved. The perception of touch stimuli can be
achieved through the observation of human eyes, and the touch
stimuli can be monitored through electrical readout. This work
feature is not only the core of user-interactive e-skin but also a good
solution to poor practicality caused by only optical signal output in
the previous strain visualization. Moreover, by integrating with a
MCU, the SUE-skin can also be used as a programmable touch
operation platform that supports more than 156 interactive logics.
Last, we explored the possibility of high-robust touch track monitor-
ing with the superposition of electrical-optical dual signals. Future
work will involve introducing other electroluminescent materials in
a variety of colors and array designs to achieve higher luminous
intensity, contrast, and resolution. This SUE-skin is suitable for
applications in interactive wearable devices, military applications,
artificial prosthetics, and intelligent robots.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Preparation of composite film
The synthesized ZnS particles are mixed with the binder in proportion
and stirred well. The mixture was then poured into a homemade
mold. After the adhesive is cured in a vacuum environment, the
composite film is obtained by demolding. The PDMS elastomer
base (Sylgard 184, Dow Corning) was mixed with a 10:1 mixture of
curing agents, and ZnS particles were added and stirred well. The
mixture was then heated at 50°C for 12 hours to cure the PDMS. The
components A and B of Ecoflex (00-20, Smooth-on) were mixed 1:1,
and ZnS particles were added and stirred uniformly. The mixture of
Ecoflex, EC, MC, PVA, and ZnS particles was allowed to stand at
room temperature for 18 hours for curing. The top surface of the
ZnS-Ecoflexcompositefilmwasetched(O2 plasma,100mTorr,100W)
using a reactive ion etcher (Ke Mao, RIE-100).
Fabrication of the SUE-skin
First, an Al electrode (thickness, 300 nm) was evaporated at the bottom
of the composite film, and the wires were taken out. Then, a Kapton
film (thickness, 50 m; DuPont) was pasted as an insulating layer.
A layer of Al (thickness, 150 nm) is further evaporated as a shielding
layer (the shielding layer is always grounded during the use of
the SUE-skin). Last, a layer of PDMS having a thickness of about
0.5 mm was pasted as a substrate.
Device characterization
SEM images were characterized using a JEOL JSM-7001F FEG SEM
operated at 10-kV beam voltage. The contact pressure was measured
by a pressure sensor (SBT671), which is tied to the stepping motor.
Spectrometers (NanoLOG-TCSPC, QE65pro Ocean Optics) in the
range of 300 to 800 nm were carried out to analyze the spectral curve
of the emission light in the touching process, and a multichannel
measurement system (PXIe-4300, National Instruments Corporation)
was used to collect the electric signal. Time-lapse optical photo-
graphs and videos of optical output under sliding touch were
collected by Nikon 7000D (18 to 140 mm). The brightness of
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luminescence under touch stimuli was recorded using a spectro
radiometer (PR-655).
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
Supplementary material for this article is available at http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/
content/full/6/28/eaba4294/DC1
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Acknowledgments
Funding: This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of
China (nos. 2018YFA0703500 and 2016YFA0202701), National Natural Science Foundation of
China (nos. 51991340, 51722203, 51672026, and 51527802), the Overseas Expertise Introduction
Projects for Discipline Innovation (B14003), and the Fundamental Research Funds for Central
Universities (FRF-TP-18-001C1). Author contributions: X.Z., Z.Z., Q.L., and Y.Z. conceived the
concept, processing, and structure details. X.Z., Z.Z., and Q.L. prepared and purified the
materials. X.X. and Z.K. assisted in carrying out the SUE-skin fabrication. X.X., F.G., and X.X.
assisted in the SUE-skin performance measurements. X.Z. built the programmable touch
operation platform. X.Z., Q.L., and Y.Z. co-wrote the paper. All authors discussed the results
and commented on the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have
no competing interests. Data and materials availability: All data needed to evaluate the
conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials.
Additional data related to this paper may be requested from the authors.
Submitted 3 December 2019
Accepted 22 May 2020
Published 8 July 2020
10.1126/sciadv.aba4294
Citation: X. Zhao, Z. Zhang, Q. Liao, X. Xun, F. Gao, L. Xu, Z. Kang, Y. Zhang, Self-powered user-
interactive electronic skin for programmable touch operation platform. Sci. Adv. 6, eaba4294
(2020).
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