About electromagnetic spectrum and waves. Relationship between Wavelength, Frequency, and Energy.
How frequency changes with wavelength. Visible Spectrum, Radio waves, Infra-Red, Ultra Violet, Gama Rays, etc.
A. Electromagnetic waves travel as vibrations in electrical and magnetic fields at the speed of light without a medium. They have properties of both waves and particles.
B. The electromagnetic spectrum orders electromagnetic waves from radio waves to gamma rays based on increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength. Different electromagnetic waves are used for technologies like WiFi, infrared devices, MRI, and X-rays.
A. Electromagnetic waves travel as vibrations in electric and magnetic fields at the speed of light in a vacuum. They have properties of both waves and particles.
B. The electromagnetic spectrum orders electromagnetic waves from radio to gamma rays based on increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
C. Each type of electromagnetic wave has different applications including global positioning systems, microwave ovens, night vision goggles, visible light, sunbathing, medical imaging, and nuclear power.
Electromagnetic waves have different wavelengths and frequencies. They range from radio waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies to gamma rays with the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies. All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed of 300,000,000 meters/second in a vacuum. The higher the frequency, the higher the energy of the electromagnetic wave. Examples are given of how different electromagnetic waves are used such as radio waves for communication, microwaves for cooking, infrared for night vision, visible light for sight, ultraviolet for sterilization, x-rays for medical imaging, and gamma rays for radiation therapy.
Light can be described as both a wave and a particle. As a wave, it travels at 300 million meters per second and is characterized by its wavelength and frequency. The different wavelengths of light make up the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves to gamma rays. As the frequency increases, so does the energy of the electromagnetic waves. Light also behaves as particles called photons, which are emitted or absorbed in specific wavelengths by electrons in atoms. This allows spectroscopy to be used to determine the composition of different objects by their emission or absorption spectra.
Electromagnetic waves travel as vibrations in electric and magnetic fields and include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. They are arranged in order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic waves have various properties including speed, frequency, wavelength, and energy level, with higher frequency waves having higher energy. Different types of electromagnetic waves are used for various applications such as communication technologies, cooking, medical imaging, sterilization, and radiation therapy.
1. Electromagnetic waves have different wavelengths and frequencies, with longer wavelengths corresponding to lower frequencies and vice versa.
2. They all travel at the same speed of 300,000,000 meters/second in a vacuum.
3. Electromagnetic waves include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays, ordered from longest to shortest wavelength.
1. The document defines electromagnetic waves as waves of electric and magnetic fields that propagate perpendicularly to each other and to the direction of propagation at speeds of 300 million meters per second.
2. Electromagnetic waves have different propagation mechanisms depending on their frequency, including ground waves, space waves, and skywaves which propagate through the ionosphere.
3. Key properties of electromagnetic waves include their transverse wave nature, reflection, refraction, diffraction, polarization, and ability to behave as both waves and particles such as photons.
This document provides an overview of the nature of light. It begins by describing light as an electromagnetic wave that consists of vibrating electric and magnetic fields and does not require matter to travel through. It then discusses key characteristics of light, including its speed, the importance of light from the sun as an energy source, and the electromagnetic spectrum. The document proceeds to describe different types of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet light, x-rays, and gamma rays. It provides examples of uses for each type of wave and notes both beneficial and harmful effects of exposure.
A. Electromagnetic waves travel as vibrations in electrical and magnetic fields at the speed of light without a medium. They have properties of both waves and particles.
B. The electromagnetic spectrum orders electromagnetic waves from radio waves to gamma rays based on increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength. Different electromagnetic waves are used for technologies like WiFi, infrared devices, MRI, and X-rays.
A. Electromagnetic waves travel as vibrations in electric and magnetic fields at the speed of light in a vacuum. They have properties of both waves and particles.
B. The electromagnetic spectrum orders electromagnetic waves from radio to gamma rays based on increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
C. Each type of electromagnetic wave has different applications including global positioning systems, microwave ovens, night vision goggles, visible light, sunbathing, medical imaging, and nuclear power.
Electromagnetic waves have different wavelengths and frequencies. They range from radio waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies to gamma rays with the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies. All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed of 300,000,000 meters/second in a vacuum. The higher the frequency, the higher the energy of the electromagnetic wave. Examples are given of how different electromagnetic waves are used such as radio waves for communication, microwaves for cooking, infrared for night vision, visible light for sight, ultraviolet for sterilization, x-rays for medical imaging, and gamma rays for radiation therapy.
Light can be described as both a wave and a particle. As a wave, it travels at 300 million meters per second and is characterized by its wavelength and frequency. The different wavelengths of light make up the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves to gamma rays. As the frequency increases, so does the energy of the electromagnetic waves. Light also behaves as particles called photons, which are emitted or absorbed in specific wavelengths by electrons in atoms. This allows spectroscopy to be used to determine the composition of different objects by their emission or absorption spectra.
Electromagnetic waves travel as vibrations in electric and magnetic fields and include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. They are arranged in order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic waves have various properties including speed, frequency, wavelength, and energy level, with higher frequency waves having higher energy. Different types of electromagnetic waves are used for various applications such as communication technologies, cooking, medical imaging, sterilization, and radiation therapy.
1. Electromagnetic waves have different wavelengths and frequencies, with longer wavelengths corresponding to lower frequencies and vice versa.
2. They all travel at the same speed of 300,000,000 meters/second in a vacuum.
3. Electromagnetic waves include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays, ordered from longest to shortest wavelength.
1. The document defines electromagnetic waves as waves of electric and magnetic fields that propagate perpendicularly to each other and to the direction of propagation at speeds of 300 million meters per second.
2. Electromagnetic waves have different propagation mechanisms depending on their frequency, including ground waves, space waves, and skywaves which propagate through the ionosphere.
3. Key properties of electromagnetic waves include their transverse wave nature, reflection, refraction, diffraction, polarization, and ability to behave as both waves and particles such as photons.
This document provides an overview of the nature of light. It begins by describing light as an electromagnetic wave that consists of vibrating electric and magnetic fields and does not require matter to travel through. It then discusses key characteristics of light, including its speed, the importance of light from the sun as an energy source, and the electromagnetic spectrum. The document proceeds to describe different types of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet light, x-rays, and gamma rays. It provides examples of uses for each type of wave and notes both beneficial and harmful effects of exposure.
Electromagnetic waves have different wavelengths and frequencies depending on their position in the electromagnetic spectrum. They all travel at the same speed of 300 million meters per second in a vacuum. Waves with longer wavelengths have lower frequencies while those with shorter wavelengths have higher frequencies. The higher the frequency, the higher the energy carried by the electromagnetic wave.
This document discusses electromagnetic waves and their classification according to frequency. Electromagnetic waves include radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light and differ in frequency and wavelength, with higher frequency waves having shorter wavelengths and higher energy. Examples are given of how each type of electromagnetic wave is used technologically and occurs naturally.
Electromagnetic waves come in a spectrum ranging from radio waves to gamma rays. They differ in wavelength and frequency, with shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies carrying more energy. All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum and transfer energy as they propagate. Common uses of different types of electromagnetic waves include using microwaves for communication and cooking, infrared for night vision, ultraviolet for sterilization, X-rays for medical imaging, and gamma rays for radiation treatment.
Electromagnetic waves combine electric and magnetic fields that oscillate perpendicular to each other and travel through space. The electromagnetic spectrum includes many types of waves such as visible light, X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves. These different types of electromagnetic waves are distinguished by their varying frequencies and wavelengths. Sound waves are not considered electromagnetic waves.
The document discusses the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes different types of electromagnetic waves that transfer energy, including visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, microwaves, radio waves, X-rays, and gamma rays. These waves have different wavelengths and frequencies and travel through space at the speed of light. Visible light is the only part of the electromagnetic spectrum that humans can see, but all types are forms of radiation. The document provides examples of how different types of electromagnetic waves are used, such as radio waves for communication, microwaves for cooking, and X-rays for medical imaging.
Electromagnetic radiation consists of electrical and magnetic fields that oscillate perpendicular to each other and travel together at the speed of light. Wavelength is the distance between wave peaks, and is inversely related to frequency, which is the number of waves that pass a point per unit time. Electromagnetic waves include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays, with decreasing wavelengths and increasing frequencies and energies in that order.
Electromagnetic Spectrum-Dr AZ UET.pptxssuser9c8c75
The document discusses properties of the electromagnetic spectrum and optical properties of solids, specifically metals. It defines electromagnetic waves and describes the different types of electromagnetic radiation that make up the electromagnetic spectrum. It then discusses how photons interact with matter, explaining that photons can be absorbed, reflected, or transmitted when interacting with materials. Metals are described as opaque due to photons exciting electrons into higher energy states, but thin metallic films can transmit light.
Red light has a longer wavelength than blue light. Light behaves as a wave and the color we see depends on the wavelength. Visible light is a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. A photometer is a device that measures light intensity as perceived by the human eye, taking into account the eye's sensitivity to different wavelengths. There are different types of photometry including differential, which compares the brightness of an object to others, and absolute, which measures an object's actual brightness without comparison.
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and its application in remote sensing. EMR travels as waves and includes gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves. Multispectral sensors on satellites measure the reflected and emitted EMR from Earth's surface to detect spectral signatures that characterize different materials and surfaces. Spectral signatures show the wavelengths of light each surface absorbs and reflects. Remote sensing uses these signatures collected from orbit to identify and monitor features on Earth.
Electromagnetic waves are formed by vibrating electric charges and can travel through space, transferring energy between electric and magnetic fields (1). They include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays, which make up the electromagnetic spectrum (2). Different parts of the spectrum interact with matter in different ways and have various applications like communication, imaging and heating (3).
Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that are created by oscillating electric and magnetic fields. They exhibit properties of reflection, refraction, and energy transfer. Electromagnetic waves vary in wavelength from long radio waves to very short gamma rays, with shorter wavelengths corresponding to higher energy. The electromagnetic spectrum maps all electromagnetic waves according to their frequency and wavelength, ranging from radio to gamma rays. Examples of uses of different electromagnetic waves include communication with radio waves, cooking with microwaves, infrared for TV remotes, visible light, ultraviolet from the sun, x-rays for medical imaging, and gamma rays for cancer treatment.
Electromagnetic waves are formed by vibrating electric charges and can transfer energy through space by vibrating electric and magnetic fields. They include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. The electromagnetic spectrum orders these waves by increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength. Different parts of the spectrum interact with matter in different ways and have various applications including communication technologies like radio, television, cell phones and GPS.
Electromagnetic waves are formed by vibrating electric charges and can transfer energy through space by vibrating electric and magnetic fields. They include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. All objects emit EM waves depending on their temperature, with shorter wavelengths emitted at higher temperatures. EM waves can behave as both particles and waves, transferring energy and momentum. Various technologies like radio, cell phones, WiFi, and GPS use different parts of the EM spectrum to transmit information wirelessly.
Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that are produced by oscillating electric and magnetic fields. They can propagate through empty space and do not require a medium. As the electric field oscillates, it generates a changing magnetic field, and vice versa, with the fields perpendicular to each other and the direction of travel. All objects emit electromagnetic waves as a function of their temperature. The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses waves with different wavelengths and frequencies, from radio waves to gamma rays. Devices like radios, microwaves, MRI machines, and telescopes detect different parts of the spectrum.
Electromagnetic waves are formed by vibrating electric charges and can transfer energy through space by vibrating electric and magnetic fields. They include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. The electromagnetic spectrum orders these waves by increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength. Different parts of the spectrum interact with matter in different ways and have various applications including communication technologies like radio, television, cell phones and GPS.
Electromagnetic waves are formed by vibrating electric charges and can transfer energy through space by vibrating electric and magnetic fields. They include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. All objects emit EM waves depending on their temperature, and the waves have different properties depending on their frequency and wavelength. Radio communication systems like radio, television, cell phones and satellites transmit information by modulating EM carrier waves.
Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that are produced by oscillating electric and magnetic fields. They can propagate through empty space and do not require a medium. As the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases. The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all possible frequencies of electromagnetic waves, from radio waves to gamma rays. Different devices are used to detect various types of electromagnetic waves, like antennas for radio waves and infrared detectors for infrared waves.
Electromagnetic waves are formed by vibrating electric charges and can transfer energy through space. They include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. The electromagnetic spectrum orders these waves by increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength. Radio waves are used for communication technologies like radio, television, cell phones and WiFi through modulation of carrier waves.
Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that are produced by oscillating electric and magnetic fields. They can propagate through empty space and do not require a medium. As the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases. The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all possible frequencies of electromagnetic waves, from radio waves to gamma rays. Different devices are used to detect various types of electromagnetic waves, like antennas for radio waves and infrared detectors for infrared waves.
Acids and bases
What is acids and bases? pH of acids.
Conjugate acids and conjugate bases. Hydrogen ion and hydronium ion. Hydroxide ion concentration. Acid-Base theory. Arrhenius Theory of acids and bases.
Electromagnetic waves have different wavelengths and frequencies depending on their position in the electromagnetic spectrum. They all travel at the same speed of 300 million meters per second in a vacuum. Waves with longer wavelengths have lower frequencies while those with shorter wavelengths have higher frequencies. The higher the frequency, the higher the energy carried by the electromagnetic wave.
This document discusses electromagnetic waves and their classification according to frequency. Electromagnetic waves include radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light and differ in frequency and wavelength, with higher frequency waves having shorter wavelengths and higher energy. Examples are given of how each type of electromagnetic wave is used technologically and occurs naturally.
Electromagnetic waves come in a spectrum ranging from radio waves to gamma rays. They differ in wavelength and frequency, with shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies carrying more energy. All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum and transfer energy as they propagate. Common uses of different types of electromagnetic waves include using microwaves for communication and cooking, infrared for night vision, ultraviolet for sterilization, X-rays for medical imaging, and gamma rays for radiation treatment.
Electromagnetic waves combine electric and magnetic fields that oscillate perpendicular to each other and travel through space. The electromagnetic spectrum includes many types of waves such as visible light, X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves. These different types of electromagnetic waves are distinguished by their varying frequencies and wavelengths. Sound waves are not considered electromagnetic waves.
The document discusses the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes different types of electromagnetic waves that transfer energy, including visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, microwaves, radio waves, X-rays, and gamma rays. These waves have different wavelengths and frequencies and travel through space at the speed of light. Visible light is the only part of the electromagnetic spectrum that humans can see, but all types are forms of radiation. The document provides examples of how different types of electromagnetic waves are used, such as radio waves for communication, microwaves for cooking, and X-rays for medical imaging.
Electromagnetic radiation consists of electrical and magnetic fields that oscillate perpendicular to each other and travel together at the speed of light. Wavelength is the distance between wave peaks, and is inversely related to frequency, which is the number of waves that pass a point per unit time. Electromagnetic waves include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays, with decreasing wavelengths and increasing frequencies and energies in that order.
Electromagnetic Spectrum-Dr AZ UET.pptxssuser9c8c75
The document discusses properties of the electromagnetic spectrum and optical properties of solids, specifically metals. It defines electromagnetic waves and describes the different types of electromagnetic radiation that make up the electromagnetic spectrum. It then discusses how photons interact with matter, explaining that photons can be absorbed, reflected, or transmitted when interacting with materials. Metals are described as opaque due to photons exciting electrons into higher energy states, but thin metallic films can transmit light.
Red light has a longer wavelength than blue light. Light behaves as a wave and the color we see depends on the wavelength. Visible light is a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. A photometer is a device that measures light intensity as perceived by the human eye, taking into account the eye's sensitivity to different wavelengths. There are different types of photometry including differential, which compares the brightness of an object to others, and absolute, which measures an object's actual brightness without comparison.
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and its application in remote sensing. EMR travels as waves and includes gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves. Multispectral sensors on satellites measure the reflected and emitted EMR from Earth's surface to detect spectral signatures that characterize different materials and surfaces. Spectral signatures show the wavelengths of light each surface absorbs and reflects. Remote sensing uses these signatures collected from orbit to identify and monitor features on Earth.
Electromagnetic waves are formed by vibrating electric charges and can travel through space, transferring energy between electric and magnetic fields (1). They include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays, which make up the electromagnetic spectrum (2). Different parts of the spectrum interact with matter in different ways and have various applications like communication, imaging and heating (3).
Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that are created by oscillating electric and magnetic fields. They exhibit properties of reflection, refraction, and energy transfer. Electromagnetic waves vary in wavelength from long radio waves to very short gamma rays, with shorter wavelengths corresponding to higher energy. The electromagnetic spectrum maps all electromagnetic waves according to their frequency and wavelength, ranging from radio to gamma rays. Examples of uses of different electromagnetic waves include communication with radio waves, cooking with microwaves, infrared for TV remotes, visible light, ultraviolet from the sun, x-rays for medical imaging, and gamma rays for cancer treatment.
Electromagnetic waves are formed by vibrating electric charges and can transfer energy through space by vibrating electric and magnetic fields. They include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. The electromagnetic spectrum orders these waves by increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength. Different parts of the spectrum interact with matter in different ways and have various applications including communication technologies like radio, television, cell phones and GPS.
Electromagnetic waves are formed by vibrating electric charges and can transfer energy through space by vibrating electric and magnetic fields. They include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. All objects emit EM waves depending on their temperature, with shorter wavelengths emitted at higher temperatures. EM waves can behave as both particles and waves, transferring energy and momentum. Various technologies like radio, cell phones, WiFi, and GPS use different parts of the EM spectrum to transmit information wirelessly.
Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that are produced by oscillating electric and magnetic fields. They can propagate through empty space and do not require a medium. As the electric field oscillates, it generates a changing magnetic field, and vice versa, with the fields perpendicular to each other and the direction of travel. All objects emit electromagnetic waves as a function of their temperature. The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses waves with different wavelengths and frequencies, from radio waves to gamma rays. Devices like radios, microwaves, MRI machines, and telescopes detect different parts of the spectrum.
Electromagnetic waves are formed by vibrating electric charges and can transfer energy through space by vibrating electric and magnetic fields. They include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. The electromagnetic spectrum orders these waves by increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength. Different parts of the spectrum interact with matter in different ways and have various applications including communication technologies like radio, television, cell phones and GPS.
Electromagnetic waves are formed by vibrating electric charges and can transfer energy through space by vibrating electric and magnetic fields. They include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. All objects emit EM waves depending on their temperature, and the waves have different properties depending on their frequency and wavelength. Radio communication systems like radio, television, cell phones and satellites transmit information by modulating EM carrier waves.
Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that are produced by oscillating electric and magnetic fields. They can propagate through empty space and do not require a medium. As the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases. The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all possible frequencies of electromagnetic waves, from radio waves to gamma rays. Different devices are used to detect various types of electromagnetic waves, like antennas for radio waves and infrared detectors for infrared waves.
Electromagnetic waves are formed by vibrating electric charges and can transfer energy through space. They include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. The electromagnetic spectrum orders these waves by increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength. Radio waves are used for communication technologies like radio, television, cell phones and WiFi through modulation of carrier waves.
Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that are produced by oscillating electric and magnetic fields. They can propagate through empty space and do not require a medium. As the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases. The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all possible frequencies of electromagnetic waves, from radio waves to gamma rays. Different devices are used to detect various types of electromagnetic waves, like antennas for radio waves and infrared detectors for infrared waves.
Acids and bases
What is acids and bases? pH of acids.
Conjugate acids and conjugate bases. Hydrogen ion and hydronium ion. Hydroxide ion concentration. Acid-Base theory. Arrhenius Theory of acids and bases.
Bacteria come in two kingdoms - Eubacteria and Archaebacteria. Bacteria are unicellular and prokaryotic, lacking a nucleus. They exist virtually everywhere and take on several forms, including pathogens, decomposers, and nitrogen-fixers. Bacteria reproduce through binary fission and genetic exchange. Their cells contain DNA and other structures enclosed by cell walls with various chemical compositions. Gram staining tests bacteria based on cell wall differences and is important for determining appropriate antibiotic treatment.
The document outlines assignments on atomic structure that are due on September 22nd. It lists the TEKS topics of C.6 B and C regarding atomic structure and particles. Students must complete assignments on atomic structure, chemical symbols, and atomic theory to demonstrate their understanding of subatomic particles, atomic number, mass, and isotopes.
The document provides information and exercises on analyzing skeletal remains to determine gender, race, age, and estimated height. It discusses key indicators for each category, such as examining the pelvis to determine gender 95% accurately, and looking at skull and dental features to determine race. Exercises guide identifying these characteristics for various bone images and estimating height from bone measurements using formulas.
This document provides examples of content and formatting for a PowerPoint presentation template. It includes quotes, full page images, title slides with bullet points, and examples of splitting content across columns. The document demonstrates using images and concepts to convey information visually and efficiently, and concludes with a thank you slide.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
3. • They travel as vibrations in
electrical and magnetic fields.
– Have some magnetic and some
electrical properties to them.
4. When an electric field changes, so does the
magnetic field. The changing magnetic field
causes the electric field to change. When one
field vibrates—so does the other.
RESULT-An electromagnetic wave.
5. Electromagnetic waves travel VERY
FAST – around 300,000
kilometres per second (the speed
of light).
At this speed they
can go around the
world 8 times in one
second.
6. Waves or Particles?
• Electromagnetic radiation has properties of
waves but also can be thought of as a stream
of particles.
– Example: Light
• Light as a wave: Light behaves as a transverse
wave which we can filter using polarized lenses.
• Light as particles (photons): When directed at a
substance light can knock electrons off of a
substance (Photoelectric effect)
7. Electromagnetic Spectrum—name for the
range of electromagnetic waves when
placed in order of increasing frequency
RADIO
WAVES
MICROWAVES
INFRARED
RAYS
VISIBLE LIGHT
ULTRAVIOLET
RAYS
X-RAYS
GAMMA
RAYS
10. RADIO WAVES
Have the longest
wavelengths and
lowest
frequencies of
all the
electromagnetic
waves.
11. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) measure the
time it takes a radio wave to travel from
several satellites to the receiver, determining
the distance to each satellite.
12. A radio picks up radio waves through an
antenna and converts it to sound waves.
– Each radio station in an area broadcasts at a
different frequency.
• # on radio dial tells frequency.
15. Used in microwave
ovens.
• Waves transfer
energy to the
water in the food
causing them to
vibrate which in
turn transfers
energy in the
form of heat to
the food.
16. RADAR (Radio
Detection and
Ranging)
• Used to find the
speed of an object
by sending out radio
waves and measuring
the time it takes
them to return.
18. You can feel the
longest ones as
warmth on your
skin
Warm objects
give off more
heat energy than
cool objects.
19. Thermogram—a picture that shows regions of different
temperatures in the body. Temperatures are calculated by
the amount of infrared radiation given off.
Therefore people give
off infrared rays.
Heat lamps give off
infrared waves.
20. VISIBLE LIGHT
Shorter wavelength and
higher frequency than
infrared rays.
Electromagnetic waves we
can see.
Longest wavelength= red
light
Shortest wavelength=
violet (purple) light
21. When light enters
a new medium it
bends (refracts).
Each wavelength
bends a different
amount allowing
white light to
separate into it’s
various colors
ROYGBIV.
34. Brief SUMMARY
A. All electromagnetic waves travel at the same
speed. (300,000,000 meters/second) in a
vacuum.
B. They all have different wavelengths and
different frequencies.
– Long wavelength-lowest frequency
– Short wavelength highest frequency
– The higher the frequency the higher the
energy.