Asia ranks third among eight regions in total e-learning documents, citable documents, citations, and self-citations from 1996-2018. It ranks fourth in citations per document and second in Hirsch index. The 28 Asian countries contributed around 20% of over 60 thousand global e-learning publications. The top ten countries, including China, South Korea, and Taiwan, accounted for over 36,000 documents.
Relationship among Economic Growth, Internet Usage and Publication Productivi...University of Malaya
Relationship among Economic Growth, Internet Usage and Publication Productivity: Comparison among ASEAN and World’s Best Countries
Hossein Gholizadeh, Hadi Salehi, Mohamed Amin Embi, Mahmoud Danaee, Seyed Mohammad Motahar, Nader Ale Ebrahim, Farid Habibi Tanha, Noor Azuan Abu Osman
Abstract
Publication productivity, as measured by the number of papers, has been regarded as one of the main indicators of reputation of countries and institutions. Nevertheless, the relationship among research publications, economic growth and World Wide Web in ASEAN countries is still unclear. The main intention of this study was to identify publication productivity among ASEAN and the world’s top ten countries in the last 16 years (1996-2011). This study also aimed at finding the relationship among publication, gross domestic product (GDP) and internet usage. Furthermore, the publication trend in the 10 first Malaysian universities was evaluated for the same periods. Scopus database was used to find the overall documents, overall citations, citations per document and international collaboration from 1996 to 2011 for each country. The World Bank database (World Data Bank) was used to collect the data for GDP and the number of internet users. Moreover, to evaluate 10 top Malaysian universities, the number of published articles, conferences, reviews, and letters for the same periods was collected. The results of this study showed significant differences among ASEAN and top 10 countries regarding publication productivity. Moreover, a positive and significant relationship was observed between indices, GDP and internet usage for these countries. Surprisingly, international collaboration had a significant and negative relationship with economic growth. Malaysia had fewer citations per document (7.64) and international collaboration (36.9%) among ASEAN countries. In conclusion, international collaboration between academic institutes and researchers is influenced by economic growth and access to internet in the countries. Furthermore, publication trends in ASEAN countries are promising. However, policy makers and science managers should try to find different ways to increase the quality of the research publication and to raise citation per document.
Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.5539/mas.v8n2p160
Learning Management System LMS Challenges During Pandemic A Case Study of Goo...ijtsrd
The recent transitions of online learning during crisis have changed the entire perception of e learning. Learning Management System LMS has occupied a major role in providing resources on learning due to the advancement in technology. There should a qualitative approach towards learning through online in these services with the aim of sustainable education. This research paper is trying to critically analyse two major platforms for online learning Google classroom and Talent LMS by stressing the areas like the content management, compliance management, evaluation system, participatory platform, customised learning. The study also brings out the significance of various models and theories including TAM, diffusion of innovation, blended learning in connection to online learning. The researcher has done a case study on the relationship between two major LMS and their role on better education for future generation. There is an area in the study which gave special reference and suggestions for better usability and utilisation of these online platforms. Dr. Saranya Thaloor "Learning Management System (LMS) Challenges During Pandemic: A Case Study of Google Class Room versus Talent LMS" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31228.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/journalism/31228/learning-management-system-lms-challenges-during-pandemic-a-case-study-of-google-class-room-versus-talent-lms/dr-saranya-thaloor
In our third annual Vision Project Report, Degrees of Urgency, we highlight the "Big Three" Completion Plan to increase the number of students graduating with degrees and certificates.
For more, visit www.mass.edu/visionproject
THE EFFECTS OF COMMUNICATION NETWORKS ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: THE ...IJITE
Social networks, as the most important communication tools, have had a profound impact on social aspects of community user interactions and they are used widely in various fields, such as education. Student interaction through different communication networks can affect individual learning and leads to improved academic performance. In this study, a combined approach of social network analysis and educational data mining (decision tree method) was used to study the impact of communication networks, behavior networks
and the combination of these two networks on students’ academic performance considering the role of factors such as computer self-efficacy, age, gender and university. The results of this study, which included 139 students, indicate gender is highly prioritised in all three models. Moreover, according to the results all three models had enough confidence level that among them communication networks with higher
confidence, accuracy and precision had significant impacts on the prediction of academic performance.
TWO DECADES OF RESEARCH ON EARLY CAREER FACULTIES (ECFs): A BIBLIOMETRIC ANAL...Nader Ale Ebrahim
Early Career Faculties (ECFs) are an important demographic of university faculty population shaping the future of the institution and higher education, despite the challenges they face as new academics. Analysis of scholarly output on ECFs offers useful data to inform and aid both national policy formulations and institutional planning decisions especially in ECFs’ support and development. Peer-reviewed high impact journals and academic databases provide highly valid and reliable sources of data and information on ECFs. This study examines the trend of ECFs research over two decades comparing scholarly output and research impact across global regions, in Web of Science and Scopus Elsevier. The bibliometric analysis highlights key topics of research and publications related to ECFs and identify the regions and countries most actively research on the topic. The trend of research on ECFs has been found to increase exponentially beginning the 1990s worldwide, mostly from western institutions (76%). Publications after the year 2012 focused more on issues related to ECFs’ preparation towards life in academia, their motivation, and challenges, the support structure for ECFs and strategies to adapt to life as faculty members. Such bibliometric analysis findings can be a useful reference for policy formulation within national or regional systems of higher education, and institutional strategic planning.
ON THE USAGE OF DATABASES OF EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS IN MACEDONIAN EDUCATIONIJITE
Technologies have become important part of our lives. The steps for introducing ICTs in education vary from country to country. The Republic of Macedonia has invested with a lot in installment of hardware and software in education and in teacher training. This research was aiming to determine the situation of usage of databases of digital educational materials and to define recommendation for future improvements. Teachers from urban schools were interviewed with a questionnaire. The findings are several: only part of the interviewed teachers had experience with databases of educational materials; all teachers still need capacity building activities focusing exactly on the use and benefits from databases of educational materials; preferably capacity building materials to be in Macedonian language; technical support and upgrading of software and materials should be performed on a regular basis. Most of the findings can be applied at both national and international level – with all this implemented, application of ICT in education will have much
bigger positive impact
Relationship among Economic Growth, Internet Usage and Publication Productivi...University of Malaya
Relationship among Economic Growth, Internet Usage and Publication Productivity: Comparison among ASEAN and World’s Best Countries
Hossein Gholizadeh, Hadi Salehi, Mohamed Amin Embi, Mahmoud Danaee, Seyed Mohammad Motahar, Nader Ale Ebrahim, Farid Habibi Tanha, Noor Azuan Abu Osman
Abstract
Publication productivity, as measured by the number of papers, has been regarded as one of the main indicators of reputation of countries and institutions. Nevertheless, the relationship among research publications, economic growth and World Wide Web in ASEAN countries is still unclear. The main intention of this study was to identify publication productivity among ASEAN and the world’s top ten countries in the last 16 years (1996-2011). This study also aimed at finding the relationship among publication, gross domestic product (GDP) and internet usage. Furthermore, the publication trend in the 10 first Malaysian universities was evaluated for the same periods. Scopus database was used to find the overall documents, overall citations, citations per document and international collaboration from 1996 to 2011 for each country. The World Bank database (World Data Bank) was used to collect the data for GDP and the number of internet users. Moreover, to evaluate 10 top Malaysian universities, the number of published articles, conferences, reviews, and letters for the same periods was collected. The results of this study showed significant differences among ASEAN and top 10 countries regarding publication productivity. Moreover, a positive and significant relationship was observed between indices, GDP and internet usage for these countries. Surprisingly, international collaboration had a significant and negative relationship with economic growth. Malaysia had fewer citations per document (7.64) and international collaboration (36.9%) among ASEAN countries. In conclusion, international collaboration between academic institutes and researchers is influenced by economic growth and access to internet in the countries. Furthermore, publication trends in ASEAN countries are promising. However, policy makers and science managers should try to find different ways to increase the quality of the research publication and to raise citation per document.
Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.5539/mas.v8n2p160
Learning Management System LMS Challenges During Pandemic A Case Study of Goo...ijtsrd
The recent transitions of online learning during crisis have changed the entire perception of e learning. Learning Management System LMS has occupied a major role in providing resources on learning due to the advancement in technology. There should a qualitative approach towards learning through online in these services with the aim of sustainable education. This research paper is trying to critically analyse two major platforms for online learning Google classroom and Talent LMS by stressing the areas like the content management, compliance management, evaluation system, participatory platform, customised learning. The study also brings out the significance of various models and theories including TAM, diffusion of innovation, blended learning in connection to online learning. The researcher has done a case study on the relationship between two major LMS and their role on better education for future generation. There is an area in the study which gave special reference and suggestions for better usability and utilisation of these online platforms. Dr. Saranya Thaloor "Learning Management System (LMS) Challenges During Pandemic: A Case Study of Google Class Room versus Talent LMS" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31228.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/journalism/31228/learning-management-system-lms-challenges-during-pandemic-a-case-study-of-google-class-room-versus-talent-lms/dr-saranya-thaloor
In our third annual Vision Project Report, Degrees of Urgency, we highlight the "Big Three" Completion Plan to increase the number of students graduating with degrees and certificates.
For more, visit www.mass.edu/visionproject
THE EFFECTS OF COMMUNICATION NETWORKS ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: THE ...IJITE
Social networks, as the most important communication tools, have had a profound impact on social aspects of community user interactions and they are used widely in various fields, such as education. Student interaction through different communication networks can affect individual learning and leads to improved academic performance. In this study, a combined approach of social network analysis and educational data mining (decision tree method) was used to study the impact of communication networks, behavior networks
and the combination of these two networks on students’ academic performance considering the role of factors such as computer self-efficacy, age, gender and university. The results of this study, which included 139 students, indicate gender is highly prioritised in all three models. Moreover, according to the results all three models had enough confidence level that among them communication networks with higher
confidence, accuracy and precision had significant impacts on the prediction of academic performance.
TWO DECADES OF RESEARCH ON EARLY CAREER FACULTIES (ECFs): A BIBLIOMETRIC ANAL...Nader Ale Ebrahim
Early Career Faculties (ECFs) are an important demographic of university faculty population shaping the future of the institution and higher education, despite the challenges they face as new academics. Analysis of scholarly output on ECFs offers useful data to inform and aid both national policy formulations and institutional planning decisions especially in ECFs’ support and development. Peer-reviewed high impact journals and academic databases provide highly valid and reliable sources of data and information on ECFs. This study examines the trend of ECFs research over two decades comparing scholarly output and research impact across global regions, in Web of Science and Scopus Elsevier. The bibliometric analysis highlights key topics of research and publications related to ECFs and identify the regions and countries most actively research on the topic. The trend of research on ECFs has been found to increase exponentially beginning the 1990s worldwide, mostly from western institutions (76%). Publications after the year 2012 focused more on issues related to ECFs’ preparation towards life in academia, their motivation, and challenges, the support structure for ECFs and strategies to adapt to life as faculty members. Such bibliometric analysis findings can be a useful reference for policy formulation within national or regional systems of higher education, and institutional strategic planning.
ON THE USAGE OF DATABASES OF EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS IN MACEDONIAN EDUCATIONIJITE
Technologies have become important part of our lives. The steps for introducing ICTs in education vary from country to country. The Republic of Macedonia has invested with a lot in installment of hardware and software in education and in teacher training. This research was aiming to determine the situation of usage of databases of digital educational materials and to define recommendation for future improvements. Teachers from urban schools were interviewed with a questionnaire. The findings are several: only part of the interviewed teachers had experience with databases of educational materials; all teachers still need capacity building activities focusing exactly on the use and benefits from databases of educational materials; preferably capacity building materials to be in Macedonian language; technical support and upgrading of software and materials should be performed on a regular basis. Most of the findings can be applied at both national and international level – with all this implemented, application of ICT in education will have much
bigger positive impact
Increasing university publication and citation rateNader Ale Ebrahim
Despite the vital role of paper publication and citation in higher education institutions (HEIs), literature on publication exercises is relatively scarce. There are a number of factors which influence the rate of university publications and citations. Accordingly, with a focus on policy perspectives, this paper discusses publication exercises by addressing the factors that can increase or decrease the rate of publication and citation in HEIs. The investigated zones are divided into two macro and micro levels, in which macro level deals with global policy and micro level is related to local and university policies. The effective factors and their relevant criteria are traced in all the aforementioned policies.
Student Preference and Perception towards Online Education in Hyderabad Cityijtsrd
The purpose of study an online education industry in its totality and appreciate the use of an integrated approach in understanding the environmental issues and problems. From the last few years the technological advancement and increased users of internet made everything's easier for everyone. If you want to purchase anything you will access online Shopping sites and order product to get at your hand. Whereas new way of getting education is online education virtual education E learning. Like shopping sites, internet also made easier to get education via online. This is really made easy for those who want to work as well as study further. In this report I compared both online education and traditional way of education. We also listed out top 10 international educational sites as well as top 5 Indian online educational sites. Mr. Anjum Pasha | Jarupla Gorya ""Student Preference and Perception towards Online Education in Hyderabad City"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22876.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/22876/student-preference-and-perception-towards-online-education-in-hyderabad-city/mr-anjum-pasha
Attitude of Secondary School Students towards Online Education during Covid 1...ijtsrd
In the present study the investigator attempted to find out the secondary students’ attitude towards online education in West Bengal. 240 secondary school students were taken as a representative sample of the whole population. For selecting higher secondary students as a sample, the purposive sampling method was adopted. The investigator has adopted the survey research method for this study. A self made attitude scale consists of 40 items was developed and used for collecting the data. For analyzing and interpreting the data the investigator used to mean, S.D, t test, ANOVA. The study revealed that there is no significant difference in attitude between male and female students towards online education. The study also revealed that there is a significant difference in attitude towards online education concerning their locality and stream of study. Nilay Mondal | Dr. Arjun Chandra Das "Attitude of Secondary School Students towards Online Education during Covid-19 in West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38381.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38381/attitude-of-secondary-school-students-towards-online-education-during-covid19-in-west-bengal/nilay-mondal
The Vision Project is the strategic initiative through which the Massachusetts Public Higher Education System as come together to focus on producing the best-educated citizenry and workforce in the nation by achieving national leadership on seven key outcomes, including Research and Economic Activity, meaning the research activity and resulting economic impact by the five campuses of the state's public research university, the University of Massachusetts. This presentation gives a preview of data showing where Massachusetts stands in these outcomes at the outset of the Vision Project. More information at www.mass.edu/visionproject. Original presentation date: May 3, 2011
iSchools and It’s Need for Promoting Information-Technology-Social Interacti...Scientific Review SR
Information is treated as most important and valuable domain these days. There are many domains and fields which
are closely related with information such as Information Science, Communication Science, Media Studies, Archival,
Library Science, Information Technology, and Information Studies and so on. Hence a full-fledged association and
foundation is established on such fields or more clearly on information fi elds (like the establishment of Information
Schools / I-School caucus). The I-School has its own strength and specialization; together they share a fundamental
interest in the relationships between information, people, and technology. The main aim and objective of this paper
include Information Foundation and the domain surrounding by it. Paper talks about I -School organization, their
main aim and objective and current activities in a brief manner. I-School caucus foundation plays an important role
for healthy Information and Technological Infrastructure building by promoting education and research in the
domain of information and technologies and allied fields. The paper is conceptual in nature and also helpful for the
formulation of educational policies in the field of Information Sciences and allied fields
Socio Economic Status and Female Enrollment in Engineering and Technology Pro...ijtsrd
Educational goals and systems around the world differ in many respects. The concerns to meet up with the science educational goals regarding the supply of human resources originate from the decreasing number of qualified female candidates for admission into the field of science and engineering in tertiary education in Cameroon. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of socio economic status on female enrolment in Engineering and Technology programmes in Anglo Saxon state universities of Cameroon. The study used a cross sectional research design, and multi stage sampling technique was used to randomly select 276 respondents from the universities of Bamenda and Buea. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using structured questionnaire and interview schedules with 10 parents whose children are admitted in engineering and technology programs in the English speaking state universities. Descriptive statistics, point biserial and binary logit regression analysis were performed to achieve the stated specific objectives of the study. Content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. The findings revealed that, socio economic status of parents correlate significantly to students’ enrolment in engineering and technology. The null hypothesis tested was rejected. It is recommended that parents should feature prominently in future educational activities of their children. Nfor Julius Cheny "Socio-Economic Status and Female Enrollment in Engineering and Technology Programmes in Anglo-Saxon State Universities of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30789.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/30789/socioeconomic-status-and-female-enrollment-in-engineering-and-technology-programmes-in-anglosaxon-state-universities-of-cameroon/nfor-julius-cheny
Intercultural Understanding in the New Mobile Learning EnvironmentCITE
CHUN, Daniel J Y (CSALT - Faculty of Social Science, Lancaster University)
http://citers2013.cite.hku.hk/en/paper_611.htm
---------------------------
Author(s) bear(s) the responsibility in case of any infringement of the Intellectual Property Rights of third parties.
---------------------------
CITE was notified by the author(s) that if the presentation slides contain any personal particulars, records and personal data (as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance) such as names, email addresses, photos of students, etc, the author(s) have/has obtained the corresponding person's consent.
Learning Analytics and Libraries: A Natural PartnershipWiLS
Presented at WiLSWorld 2016 on August 2nd, 2016 by Kimberly Arnold, Evaluation Consultant, UW-Madison
Learning analytics has recently burst onto the educational scene. A process that helps optimize the teaching and learning environment for students, educators, and administrators, learning analytics has proven it is more than a passing trend. This session will offer a primer on learning analytics and share examples of how libraries are getting involved.
Major trends in distance education research: a combination of bibliometric an...Nader Ale Ebrahim
This study intends to explore the current trends in the field of distance education research catalogued in Web of Science (WoS) database during 1980-2016. Mainly bibliographic description and social network analysis was employed to investigate the structure and patterns of information exchanged within the field of distance education research and also to interpret the interrelationship between keywords indicated in these articles. A total of 500 most cited articles (out of 6,141 relevant to the topic) were reviewed to examine the impact of factors such as journal DOI and keywords on the number of citations that they received. We also identified major trends in distance education literature including variation across publication and citation year, top ranking of institutions and top ranking of published papers based on authors, subject area and co-authorship collaboration between countries. Our results show that the most cited articles are from two institutions of United States and United Kingdom and the most prolific years in terms of number of published articles and citations are 2013.We also found non-significant and very small correlation between the number of citation and DOI number of the journals. Our study serves as a resource for future studies by indicating how trends in distance education research have gradually developed over time and demonstrating the characteristics of the most cited articles in this literature.
"Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Study on its Imp...eraser Juan José Calderón
"Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Study on its Impact in the Scientific Literature " de Francisco-Javier Hinojo-Lucena, Inmaculada Aznar-Díaz , María-Pilar Cáceres-Reche and José-María Romero-Rodríguez * Department of Didactics and School Organization, University of Granada,
Increasing university publication and citation rateNader Ale Ebrahim
Despite the vital role of paper publication and citation in higher education institutions (HEIs), literature on publication exercises is relatively scarce. There are a number of factors which influence the rate of university publications and citations. Accordingly, with a focus on policy perspectives, this paper discusses publication exercises by addressing the factors that can increase or decrease the rate of publication and citation in HEIs. The investigated zones are divided into two macro and micro levels, in which macro level deals with global policy and micro level is related to local and university policies. The effective factors and their relevant criteria are traced in all the aforementioned policies.
Student Preference and Perception towards Online Education in Hyderabad Cityijtsrd
The purpose of study an online education industry in its totality and appreciate the use of an integrated approach in understanding the environmental issues and problems. From the last few years the technological advancement and increased users of internet made everything's easier for everyone. If you want to purchase anything you will access online Shopping sites and order product to get at your hand. Whereas new way of getting education is online education virtual education E learning. Like shopping sites, internet also made easier to get education via online. This is really made easy for those who want to work as well as study further. In this report I compared both online education and traditional way of education. We also listed out top 10 international educational sites as well as top 5 Indian online educational sites. Mr. Anjum Pasha | Jarupla Gorya ""Student Preference and Perception towards Online Education in Hyderabad City"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22876.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/22876/student-preference-and-perception-towards-online-education-in-hyderabad-city/mr-anjum-pasha
Attitude of Secondary School Students towards Online Education during Covid 1...ijtsrd
In the present study the investigator attempted to find out the secondary students’ attitude towards online education in West Bengal. 240 secondary school students were taken as a representative sample of the whole population. For selecting higher secondary students as a sample, the purposive sampling method was adopted. The investigator has adopted the survey research method for this study. A self made attitude scale consists of 40 items was developed and used for collecting the data. For analyzing and interpreting the data the investigator used to mean, S.D, t test, ANOVA. The study revealed that there is no significant difference in attitude between male and female students towards online education. The study also revealed that there is a significant difference in attitude towards online education concerning their locality and stream of study. Nilay Mondal | Dr. Arjun Chandra Das "Attitude of Secondary School Students towards Online Education during Covid-19 in West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38381.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38381/attitude-of-secondary-school-students-towards-online-education-during-covid19-in-west-bengal/nilay-mondal
The Vision Project is the strategic initiative through which the Massachusetts Public Higher Education System as come together to focus on producing the best-educated citizenry and workforce in the nation by achieving national leadership on seven key outcomes, including Research and Economic Activity, meaning the research activity and resulting economic impact by the five campuses of the state's public research university, the University of Massachusetts. This presentation gives a preview of data showing where Massachusetts stands in these outcomes at the outset of the Vision Project. More information at www.mass.edu/visionproject. Original presentation date: May 3, 2011
iSchools and It’s Need for Promoting Information-Technology-Social Interacti...Scientific Review SR
Information is treated as most important and valuable domain these days. There are many domains and fields which
are closely related with information such as Information Science, Communication Science, Media Studies, Archival,
Library Science, Information Technology, and Information Studies and so on. Hence a full-fledged association and
foundation is established on such fields or more clearly on information fi elds (like the establishment of Information
Schools / I-School caucus). The I-School has its own strength and specialization; together they share a fundamental
interest in the relationships between information, people, and technology. The main aim and objective of this paper
include Information Foundation and the domain surrounding by it. Paper talks about I -School organization, their
main aim and objective and current activities in a brief manner. I-School caucus foundation plays an important role
for healthy Information and Technological Infrastructure building by promoting education and research in the
domain of information and technologies and allied fields. The paper is conceptual in nature and also helpful for the
formulation of educational policies in the field of Information Sciences and allied fields
Socio Economic Status and Female Enrollment in Engineering and Technology Pro...ijtsrd
Educational goals and systems around the world differ in many respects. The concerns to meet up with the science educational goals regarding the supply of human resources originate from the decreasing number of qualified female candidates for admission into the field of science and engineering in tertiary education in Cameroon. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of socio economic status on female enrolment in Engineering and Technology programmes in Anglo Saxon state universities of Cameroon. The study used a cross sectional research design, and multi stage sampling technique was used to randomly select 276 respondents from the universities of Bamenda and Buea. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using structured questionnaire and interview schedules with 10 parents whose children are admitted in engineering and technology programs in the English speaking state universities. Descriptive statistics, point biserial and binary logit regression analysis were performed to achieve the stated specific objectives of the study. Content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. The findings revealed that, socio economic status of parents correlate significantly to students’ enrolment in engineering and technology. The null hypothesis tested was rejected. It is recommended that parents should feature prominently in future educational activities of their children. Nfor Julius Cheny "Socio-Economic Status and Female Enrollment in Engineering and Technology Programmes in Anglo-Saxon State Universities of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30789.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/30789/socioeconomic-status-and-female-enrollment-in-engineering-and-technology-programmes-in-anglosaxon-state-universities-of-cameroon/nfor-julius-cheny
Intercultural Understanding in the New Mobile Learning EnvironmentCITE
CHUN, Daniel J Y (CSALT - Faculty of Social Science, Lancaster University)
http://citers2013.cite.hku.hk/en/paper_611.htm
---------------------------
Author(s) bear(s) the responsibility in case of any infringement of the Intellectual Property Rights of third parties.
---------------------------
CITE was notified by the author(s) that if the presentation slides contain any personal particulars, records and personal data (as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance) such as names, email addresses, photos of students, etc, the author(s) have/has obtained the corresponding person's consent.
Learning Analytics and Libraries: A Natural PartnershipWiLS
Presented at WiLSWorld 2016 on August 2nd, 2016 by Kimberly Arnold, Evaluation Consultant, UW-Madison
Learning analytics has recently burst onto the educational scene. A process that helps optimize the teaching and learning environment for students, educators, and administrators, learning analytics has proven it is more than a passing trend. This session will offer a primer on learning analytics and share examples of how libraries are getting involved.
Major trends in distance education research: a combination of bibliometric an...Nader Ale Ebrahim
This study intends to explore the current trends in the field of distance education research catalogued in Web of Science (WoS) database during 1980-2016. Mainly bibliographic description and social network analysis was employed to investigate the structure and patterns of information exchanged within the field of distance education research and also to interpret the interrelationship between keywords indicated in these articles. A total of 500 most cited articles (out of 6,141 relevant to the topic) were reviewed to examine the impact of factors such as journal DOI and keywords on the number of citations that they received. We also identified major trends in distance education literature including variation across publication and citation year, top ranking of institutions and top ranking of published papers based on authors, subject area and co-authorship collaboration between countries. Our results show that the most cited articles are from two institutions of United States and United Kingdom and the most prolific years in terms of number of published articles and citations are 2013.We also found non-significant and very small correlation between the number of citation and DOI number of the journals. Our study serves as a resource for future studies by indicating how trends in distance education research have gradually developed over time and demonstrating the characteristics of the most cited articles in this literature.
"Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Study on its Imp...eraser Juan José Calderón
"Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Study on its Impact in the Scientific Literature " de Francisco-Javier Hinojo-Lucena, Inmaculada Aznar-Díaz , María-Pilar Cáceres-Reche and José-María Romero-Rodríguez * Department of Didactics and School Organization, University of Granada,
Social Media Based Courseware for ASEAN Open Education: Opportunity and New C...Jintavee Khlaisang
Khlaisang, J. (2013). Social Media Based Courseware for ASEAN Open Education: Opportunity and New Challenge. The Asia Regional OpenCourseWare and Open Education Conference 2012, organized by Japan Opencourseware Consortium and Office of the Higher Education Commission, Thailand, January 21-22, 2013.
BARRIERS FOR FEMALES TO PURSUE STEM CAREERS AND STUDIES AT HIGHER EDUCATION I...IJCSES Journal
Background and context: Even when the modern world is transitioning quickly into the digital age, the
gender gap continues to be more acute. Social scientists note the low number of women in Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Maths (STEM) as a scientific, creative, economic, and innovative potential
loss. The importance of women’s participation in technical sciences and technical production is also
recognized as a factor for stable social development. Objective and method: A scoping review has been
conducted to study females’ reasonings and society-based explanations for females to choose STEM
studies at the Higher Education Institutions (HEI) level. The goal is to understand the reasons for the low
number of females in STEM careers related to education in STEM and to reveal the underlying
phenomenon. Results: The gender attitudes and stereotypes inherent in boy and girl children’s spare time
and school life narrow the children's possibilities from what specific education and career direction they
can choose. But only a few genetics and physical differences could postulate and explain this status quo.
Humans have formed a particular social framework; in the process, we have socialized childhood and
education. When choosing a future specialization, the society in which the child grew up, the family that
brought him up, and what traditions they invested in are much more important than his gender.
Implications: Based on our results, we summarise the scattered knowledge base and utilize the analyzed
summary for recommendations to further the development of HEI programs to make them more fitting for
both genders and help reduce the gender gap. The universities should cover the achievements of females,
more often in their media channels, related to the previously mentioned interest in STEM, based on the
presence of a role model. When choosing a university, girls can see a real example and be inspired to study
STEM majors
Barriers for Females to Pursue Stem Careers and Studies at Higher Education I...IJCSES Journal
Background and context: Even when the modern world is transitioning quickly into the digital age, the gender gap continues to be more acute. Social scientists note the low number of women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Maths (STEM) as a scientific, creative, economic, and innovative potential loss. The importance of women’s participation in technical sciences and technical production is also recognized as a factor for stable social development. Objective and method: A scoping review has been conducted to study females’ reasonings and society-based explanations for females to choose STEM studies at the Higher Education Institutions (HEI) level. The goal is to understand the reasons for the low number of females in STEM careers related to education in STEM and to reveal the underlying phenomenon. Results: The gender attitudes and stereotypes inherent in boy and girl children’s spare time and school life narrow the children's possibilities from what specific education and career direction they can choose. But only a few genetics and physical differences could postulate and explain this status quo. Humans have formed a particular social framework; in the process, we have socialized childhood and education. When choosing a future specialization, the society in which the child grew up, the family that brought him up, and what traditions they invested in are much more important than his gender. Implications: Based on our results, we summarise the scattered knowledge base and utilize the analyzed summary for recommendations to further the development of HEI programs to make them more fitting for both genders and help reduce the gender gap. The universities should cover the achievements of females, more often in their media channels, related to the previously mentioned interest in STEM, based on the presence of a role model. When choosing a university, girls can see a real example and be inspired to study STEM majors.
The work context and the society’s dynamism of the century XXI require - professionals who possess high qualification, skills of communication, with the handling of technological tools, the capacity of adaptation and consciousness of contribution for the social and economic development of its environment, with a vision of a globalized world. Developing these profiles marks a milestone for higher education institutions, what make them focus in the search of strategies for their graduates to achieve a successful inclusion in different professional, academic and multicultural contexts (Luchilo, 2006). Between such strategies highlights the implementation of programs of student mobility, which give place to a contemporary migratory phenomenon in response to the internationalization of the information, the knowledge and the technology (Fittipaldi et al., 2012). This article presents the results of a study conducted on the experiences of the students of the Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería campus Guanajuato (UPIIG), belonging to the Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), that have participated in calls of student mobility, analyzing the advantages, disadvantages, challenges and areas of opportunity for the institutional program.
Media and Information Literacy Skills of Senior High School Students of Andre...YogeshIJTSRD
Media and Information Literacy MIL refers to the essential capabilities embodying knowledge, skills and attitude that permits people to actively participate with media and other information providers effectively and enhance skills in critical thinking and lifelong learning to socialize and participate in various societal activities. The research determined the level of Media and Information Literacy among Grade 12 students of Andres Bonifacio College. Using the Iranian Media and Information Literacy Questionnaire IMILQ , a descriptive survey research was used in the collection of data. Out of 289 Grade 12 students of Andres Bonifacio College, only 168 students were taken as a sample and were further grouped according to gender and career strand. Sampling method was categorized random sampling. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that the mean level of Media and Information Literacy among Grade 12 students of Andres Bonifacio College students was 3.01 interpreted as Good, and is higher than average . The highest mean was learning new subjects with 3.25 and the lowest mean was the use of Boolean operations in the research with 2.54. There was a significant mean difference in the levels of media and information literacy when participants were grouped according to career strand. The results showed that the students especially from the Technical Vocational Livelihood track – Information and Communication Technology did not have enough skills in starting the research, finding references and other media and other information resources, defining the research subject as well as the use of Boolean operations in the search. Generally, students, librarians and education practitioners should pay special attention to factors affecting in improving Media and Information Literacy level of students as a main capability in using printed and electronic resources for research and for other academic purpose. Mark C. Rusiana | Leo C. Naparota "Media and Information Literacy Skills of Senior High School Students of Andres Bonifacio College" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd40007.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/40007/media-and-information-literacy-skills-of-senior-high-school-students-of-andres-bonifacio-college/mark-c-rusiana
Importance of internet in the learning and teaching process of education in t...IJARIIT
The present research work IMPORTANCE OF INTERNET IN THE LEARNING AND TEACHING PROCESS OF
EDUCATION IN THE RURAL AND URBAN AREAS was conducted in Nagarjuna Degree College, Neelagiri Degree & PG
College and Kakatiya Degree & PG College in Nalgonda Telangana state during the month January 2017 by survey method. In
this survey, the teachers and the students participated. The survey was involved with a well-designed questionnaire. The
participants were made into four groups and every group had their own way of a questionnaire. All the participants were given
each copy of the questionnaire and they had given their opinions, experiences, and suggestions as per the questions.
The results revealed that maximum students and teachers from both rural and urban area said that the internet is important in
their learning and teaching process. And maximum number students and teachers from both rural and urban area are suggesting
the internet as an important tool in their learning and teaching process. And 76.51 % of students said that internet is an important
tool in the learning process, among them 45.55 % are from rural area and 30.96% are from the urban area. And 81.63 % of
teachers said that internet is an important tool in the teaching process, among them 57.14 % are from urban area 24.48 % are
from the rural area. As the maximum number of students and teachers said that the internet is an important tool in the teaching
and the learning process of education, the internet recommended as an important tool in the teaching and the learning process
of education.
Digital transformation in German higher education: student and teacher percep...eraser Juan José Calderón
Digital transformation in German higher
education: student and teacher perceptions
and usage of digital media. Melissa Bond* , Victoria I. Marín, Carina Dolch, Svenja Bedenlier and Olaf Zawacki-Richter
Graduate students' attitude towards e learning a study case at imam universityDr. Ahmed Farag
In the past few years, a new wave of many technologies, particularly the Internet has emerged with the potential to further enhance the teaching and learning environment in higher education. Many studies in the recent years have shown that E-learning use in the classrooms has increased over the past years. However, the process of E-learning and its applications is limited in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Through this empirical study, a limited research was initiated to track the perceptions of the students toward the E-learning. The results indicate an overall positive attitude towards the E-learning
THE ROLES OF INFORMAL INTERNET TOOLS IN SUPPORTING FORMAL LEARNING IN SAUDI A...caijjournal
The study explores the applications of informal Internet tools on improving the learning outcomes, academic achievements and career advancement of the Saudi Arabian university students. A systematic review of studies conducted on various institutions of higher learning across Saudi Arabia enabled the researcher to evaluate the trends in the use of informal digital learning tools. The paper pools evidences from multiple studies of similar design to examine the strengths, weaknesses and gaps in the applications of digital technology in improving the learning outcomes, skills and knowledge acquisition among the university students.The internet tools present the best platform for reflective practice, exhaustive knowledge sharing, skills upgrade and accessing unlimited support services. The students capitalize on the autonomy resulting from the informal environment to source multiple data from as many stakeholders as possible thereby gaining holistic perspective of their areas of interest, career and other value adding co curricular activities.The informal internet technologies have not only grown to become essential tools for reinforcing the formal learning activities but also critical requirements for developing social competence, interpersonal skills, and creativity.
The Roles of Informal Internet Tools in Supporting Formal Learning in Saudi A...caijjournal
The study explores the applications of informal Internet tools on improving the learning outcomes, academic achievements and career advancement of the Saudi Arabian university students. A systematic review of studies conducted on various institutions of higher learning across Saudi Arabia enabled the researcher to evaluate the trends in the use of informal digital learning tools. The paper pools evidences from multiple studies of similar design to examine the strengths, weaknesses and gaps in the applications of digital technology in improving the learning outcomes, skills and knowledge acquisition among the university students.The internet tools present the best platform for reflective practice, exhaustive knowledge sharing, skills upgrade and accessing unlimited support services. The students capitalize on the autonomy resulting from the informal environment to source multiple data from as many stakeholders as possible thereby gaining holistic perspective of their areas of interest, career and other value adding co curricular activities.The informal internet technologies have not only grown to become essential tools for reinforcing the formal learning activities but also critical requirements for developing social competence, interpersonal skills, and creativity.
Evaluación de t-MOOC universitario sobre competencias digitales docentes medi...eraser Juan José Calderón
Evaluación de t-MOOC universitario sobre competencias
digitales docentes mediante juicio de expertos
según el Marco DigCompEdu.
Julio Cabero-Almenara
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
cabero@us.es
Julio Barroso--‐Osuna
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
jbarroso@us.es
Antonio Palacios--‐Rodríguez
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
aprodriguez@us.es
Carmen Llorente--‐Cejudo
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
karen@us.es
REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONIS...eraser Juan José Calderón
Proposal for a
REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION
LEGISLATIVE ACTS
Predicting Big Data Adoption in Companies With an Explanatory and Predictive ...eraser Juan José Calderón
Predicting Big Data Adoption in Companies With an Explanatory and Predictive Model
Predecir la adopción de Big Data en empresas con un modelo explicativo y predictivo. @currovillarejo @jpcabrera71 @gutiker y @fliebc
Ética y Revolución Digital
Revista Diecisiete nº 4 2021. Investigación Interdisciplinar para los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.
PANORAMA
Ética y Derecho en la Revolución Digital
Txetxu Ausín y Margarita Robles Carrillo
artículoS
¿Cuarta Revolución Industrial? El reto de la digitalización y sus consecuencias ambientales y antropológicas
Joaquín Fernández Mateo
Hacia una ética del ecosistema híbrido del espacio físico y el ciberespacio
Ángel Gómez de Ágreda y Claudio Feijóo
Aprendizaje-Servicio y Agenda 2030 en la formación de ingenieros de la tecnología inteligente
Angeles Manjarrés y Simon Pickin
Tecnología Humanitaria como catalizadora de una nueva arquitectura de Acción Exterior en España: Horizonte 2030
Raquel Esther Jorge Ricart
Revolución digital, tecnooptimismo y educación
Ricardo Riaza
Desafíos éticos en la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial a los sistemas de defensa
Juan A. Moliner González
notas y colaboraciones
Hacerse viral: las actividades artísticas y su respuesta ante los retos que impone la transformación digital
Marta Pérez Ibáñez
Salud digital: una oportunidad y un imperativo ético
Joan Bigorra Llosas y Laura Sampietro-Colom
El futuro digital del sector energético
Beatriz Crisóstomo Merino y María Luz Cruz Aparicio
Innovación y transformación digital en las ONG. La visión de Acción contra el Hambre
Víctor Giménez Sánchez de la Blanca
El impacto de la inteligencia artificial en la Sociedad y su aplicación en el sector financiero
María Asunción Gilsanz Muñoz
La ética en los estudios de ingeniería
Rafael Miñano Rubio y Gonzalo Génova Fuster
An ethical and sustainable future of work
David Pastor-Escuredo, Gianni Giacomelli, Julio Lumbreras y Juan Garbajosa
Los datos en una administración pública digital - Perspectiva Uruguay
María Laura Rodríguez Mendaro
Ciudades y digitalización: construyendo desde la ética
David Pastor-Escuredo, Celia Fernandez-Aller, Jesus Salgado, Leticia Izquierdo y María Ángeles Huerta
#StopBigTechGoverningBigTech . More than 170 Civil Society Groups Worldwide O...eraser Juan José Calderón
#StopBigTechGoverningBigTech: More than 170 Civil Society Groups Worldwide Oppose Plans for a
Big Tech Dominated Body for Global Digital Governance.
Not only in developing countries but also in the US and EU, calls for stronger regulation of Big Tech
are rising. At the precise point when we should be shaping global norms to regulate Big Tech, plans
have emerged for an ‘empowered’ global digital governance body that will evidently be dominated
by Big Tech. Adding vastly to its already overweening power, this new Body would help Big Tech
resist effective regulation, globally and at national levels. Indeed, we face the unbelievable prospect
of ‘a Big Tech led body for Global Governance of Big Tech’.
PACTO POR LA CIENCIA Y LA INNOVACIÓN
8 de febrero de 2021.
El conocimiento y la innovación son esenciales para mantener y mejorar el bienestar social y el crecimiento
económico. La competitividad y la productividad del tejido económico depende, casi en exclusiva, de la
cantidad de conocimiento avanzado incorporado por la actividad productiva y, por ende, de su continua
renovación. La investigación en las ciencias naturales, sociales y humanas es fuente de valores y
enriquecimiento cultural.
Desigualdades educativas derivadas del COVID-19 desde una perspectiva feminis...eraser Juan José Calderón
Desigualdades educativas derivadas del COVID-19 desde una perspectiva feminista. Análisis de los discursos de profesionales de la educación madrileña.
Melani Penna Tosso * Mercedes Sánchez SáinzCristina Mateos CasadoUniversidad Complutense de Madrid, España
Objetivos: Especificar las principales dificultades percibidas por las profesoras y los departamentos y equipos de orientación en relación con la atención a las diversidades en la actual situación de pandemia generada por el COVID-19. Exponer las prácticas educativas implementadas por dichas profesionales para disminuir las desigualdades. Visibilizar desigualdades de género que se dan en el ámbito educativo, relacionadas con la situación de pandemia entre el alumnado, el profesorado y las familias, desde una perspectiva feminista. Analizar las propuestas de cambio que proponen estas profesionales de la educación ante posibles repeticiones de situaciones de emergencia similares.
Resultados: Los docentes se han visto sobrecargados por el trabajo en confinamiento, en general el tiempo de trabajo ha tomado las casas, los espacios familiares, el tiempo libre y los fines de semana. Las profesionales entrevistadas se ven obligadas a una conexión permanente, sin limitación horaria y con horarios condicionados por las familias del alumnado. Se distinguen dos períodos bien diferenciados, en que los objetivos pasaron de ser emocionales a académicos. Como problemática general surge la falta de coordinación dentro los centros educativos.
Método: Análisis de entrevistas semiestructuradas a través de la metodología de análisis crítico de discurso.
Fuente de datos: Entrevistas
Autores: Melani Penna Tosso, Mercedes Sánchez Sáinz y Cristina Mateos Casado
Año: 2020
Institución: Universidad Complutense de Madrid
País al que refiere el análisis: España
Tipo de publicación: Revista arbitrada
"Experiencias booktuber: Más allá del libro y de la pantalla"
Maria Del Mar Suárez
Cristina Alcaraz Andreu
University of Barcelona
2020, R. Roig-Vila (Coord.), J. M. Antolí Martínez & R. Díez Ros (Eds.), XARXES-INNOVAESTIC 2020. Llibre d’actes / REDES-INNOVAESTIC 2020. Libro de actas (pp. 479-480). Alacant: Universitat d'Alacant. ISBN: 978-84-09-20651-3.
Recursos educativos abiertos (REA) en las universidades españolas. Open educational resources (OER) in the Spanish universities. Gema Santos-Hermosa; Eva Estupinyà; Brigit Nonó-Rius; Lidón París-Folch; Jordi Prats-Prat
Pensamiento propio e integración transdisciplinaria en la epistémica social. ...eraser Juan José Calderón
Pensamiento propio e integración
transdisciplinaria en la epistémica social
Arlet Rodríguez Orozco.
Resumen. La educación evoluciona en la vida del estudiante
(ontogenia) y en la vida del sistema escolar (filogenia). Estas
rutas pueden consolidar la continuidad o producir un cambio en la formación del pensamiento propio como estrategia
pedagógica. La experiencia que expongo sucedió durante los
ciclos 2015-1 y 2016-1 al dictar la materia Epistemología de
la Investigación a nivel licenciatura en Estudios Sociales y Gestión Local en la unidad enes (unam) de Morelia. He basado la
praxis educativa en dinámicas de colaboración, buscando arraigar la formación cognitiva del pensamiento propio en jóvenes
aprendices del estudio social. El descubrimiento constante, la
recuperación del pensamiento en tiempo presente y el reconocimiento recíproco produjeron resultados sintéticos dispuestos
aquí para la develación reflexiva.
Escuela de Robótica de Misiones. Un modelo de educación disruptiva. 2019, Ed21. Fundación Santillana.
Carola Aideé Silvero
María Aurelia Escalada
Colaboradores:
Alejandro Piscitelli
Flavia Morales
Julio Alonso
Covid-19 and IoT: Some Perspectives on the Use of IoT Technologies in Prevent...eraser Juan José Calderón
Covid-19 and IoT: Some Perspectives on the Use of
IoT Technologies in Preventing and Monitoring
COVID-19 Like Infectious Diseases & Lessons
Learned and Impact of Pandemic on IoT
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
E-Learning Research in Asia during 1996–2018 and the Four Country Indicators. Abdul Syahid
1. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344170615
E-Learning Research in Asia during 1996-2018 and the Four Country Indicators
Article · May 2020
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2. University of Nebraska - LincolnUniversity of Nebraska - Lincoln
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - LincolnDigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln
5-20-2020
E-Learning Research in Asia during 1996-2018 and the FourE-Learning Research in Asia during 1996-2018 and the Four
Country IndicatorsCountry Indicators
Abdul Syahid
abdul.syahid@iain-palangkaraya.ac.id
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac
Part of the Library and Information Science Commons, and the Online and Distance Education
Commons
Syahid, Abdul, "E-Learning Research in Asia during 1996-2018 and the Four Country Indicators" (2020).
Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 4234.
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/4234
3. E-LEARNING RESEARCH IN ASIA DURING 1996-2018
AND THE FOUR COUNTRY INDICATORS
Abdul Syahid
abdul.syahid@iain-palangkaraya.ac.id
Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya
Jalan G. Obos, Kompleks Islamic Center, Palangka Raya 73112, Indonesia
Abstract
This study views the Asian research performance in e-learning during 1996-2018
from the number of documents, citable documents, citations, and self-citations
along with the citations per document and Hirsch index. It also measures the
correlation between the six research indicators and the four country indicators
commonly associated with research performance of some countries, i.e. the Gross
Domestic Product per capita, Research and Development expenditure along with
the numbers of university and internationally indexed journals. The data on the six
research indicators and journals were obtained from the SCImago Journal and
Country Rank. Whereas those on the first two country indicators were downloaded
from the Word Bank, those on the third one were from the World Higher Education
Database. Asia ranked third among the eight regions in the first four research
indicators, fourth in the citations per document, and second in the Hirsch index. The
28 Asian countries were responsible for around 20% of over 60 thousand global e-
learning publications. All of the research indicators were significantly correlated
with all of the country indicators but the citations per document. This work could
describe the pattern of research performance and its relationship with the four
country indicators in the knowledge area of e-learning.
Keywords: e-learning, research, Asia, metrics, country indicators.
As never before, e-learning has gained its momentum globally from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Both teachers and learners were rushed into the e-learning. The rushed shift from face-to-face/
offline to face-to-screen/online learning was commonly ill prepared and designed under the
emergency considerations, not the pedagogic ones. It undoubtedly posed some problems such
as poor teaching results and unsatisfactory autonomous learning (Zhou et al., 2020). However,
the emergency e-learning is the only key unlocking the educational activities for over 1,7
billion students around the globe when most of the educational institutions from pre-primary
to tertiary levels were temporarily closed (UNESCO, 2020). The pandemic has made e-learning
neither peripheral nor supplemental as it used to be. E-learning thus could direct many more
researchers’ attentions to its important attributes than ever.
In fact, e-learning has widely been investigated. Defined as the teaching learning model
from face-to-face to blended to face-to-screen modes through the use of electronic media,
especially the internet, and tools to widen educational access along with promote education
and training (Sangrà et al., 2011), e-learning is inter- and multidisciplinary in nature, i.e.,
technology, accessibility, communication, and education. E-learning research therefore dealt
with the use of varied research methods such as the case study for a vast array of topics from
the educators’ roles to the e-learning design and adoption in educational and professional
contexts (Molas-Castells & Fuertes-Alpiste, 2018).
Since the first scientific paper on e-learning was published in 1967 (Chiang et al., 2010),
e-learning has grown as an emerging scientific domain of the Social Sciences in the SCImago
4. 2 Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)
Journal and Country Rank/ SJR (SCImago, n.d.; Tibaná-Herrera, Fernández-Bajón, & De
Moya-Anegón, 2018), a reputable database of journal citation metrics. Research on e-learning
has demonstrated its huge social growth and scientific production (Tibaná-Herrera, Fernández-
Bajón, & de Moya-Anegón, 2018). It offers a noteworthy contribution to the quality e-learning
with its enormous potentials for social and educational transformation by widening educational
access, enriching educational experiences, and reduce educational cost around the globe
(Tibaná-Herrera, Fernández-Bajón, & de Moya-Anegón, 2018). The quantity and quality of
research and development in the e-learning area undoubtedly greatly important in order to
enable the e-learning keep its promises of affordability, accessibility, and flexibility.
The dynamics of research efforts in e-learning have been mapped in a large body of
literature over the last decades. The assessment of research productivity and performance could
provide some theoretical and practical insights into the developing trends and future directions
of e-learning across institution, country, region, and the world. The research metrics were used
to analyze the scientific performance on the basis of some databases such as Web of Science
(Chiang et al., 2010; Hung, 2012; Surulinathi, 2015) and Scopus (Tibaná-Herrera, Fernández-
Bajón, & de Moya-Anegón, 2018) for varying timespans from five (Maurer & Khan, 2010) to
42 years (Chiang et al., 2010). The productivity was also viewed from the global to individual
author levels.
Interestingly, one of the salient points of the earlier analyses was that Asia contributed
greatly to the research production of e-learning. Some Asian countries, i.e. Taiwan, Japan, and
China, ranked among, at least the top ten, if not the big five prolific countries in the e-learning
research. At the institutional level from 2003 to 2016 four out of the top five universities
contributing to the worldwide e-learning research were Asian universities (Tibaná-Herrera,
Fernández-Bajón, & De-Moya-Anegón, 2018). At the individual author level between 1989
and 2018 seven out of ten most productive authors in the e-learning domain were also from
Asian countries, i.e., Israel (1), South Korea (1), Taiwan (4), and Turkey (1) (Fatima & K.S,
2019).
Consisting of 48 countries and three dependent territories or Areas of Special Sovereignty
(Worldometer, 2020), Asia as whole offering its techno, socio, economy, and cultural diversity
relevant to the huge growth of e-learning in the region (Belawati, 2016) cannot be ignored in
the worldwide landscape of e-learning research. For example, Asia is the home to not only over
half of the global population (55,1%) but also the global internet users (50.3%) (Miniwatts
Marketing Group, 2020). While the national population was in the range of around 400
thousand people in Brunei Darussalam to over 1,4 billion people in China, the national internet
penetration ranged from less than 1% in North Korea to approximately 96% in South Korea
(Miniwatts Marketing Group, 2020). The Asian countries also scattered from the low human
development countries such as Afghanistan to the very high human development one such as
Singapore (Human Development Report 2019 Team, 2019). Finally, the largest and most
diverse continent, Asia with its five sub regions (Worldometer, 2020) is the home to not only
researchers and institutions highly productive in the e-learning but also the highest e-learning
growth rates in the world (ReportLinker, 2020). In fact, paying more attention to Asia in the
big enterprise of e-learning research has been voiced since 2010 (Maurer & Khan, 2010).
Investigating the e-learning research ambience in Asia could thus fulfill one of the lacunas.
Moreover, the previous work on the e-learning research have tended to focus on the
research metrics per se. The research productivity of any country, on the other hand, does not
take place in a vacuum. Several published studies on cross-national research productivity
(Jamjoom & Jamjoom, 2016; Meo, Al Masri, et al., 2013; Meo, Usmani, et al., 2013; Meo &
Usmani, 2014; Rahman & Fukui, 2003) in such different subject areas as medicine and social
sciences spanning over at least 15 years show some factors commonly found behind the
research productivity, i.e., Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, Research and
5. Syahid, E-learning Research in Asia 3
Development (R & D) expenditure (% of GDP) along with the number of universities and
internationally indexed scientific journals. Examining the relationship between the four
country-specific factors and the Asian scientific performance in the e-learning domain would
enliven the portrait of e-learning research productivity in Asia.
The scientific performance in the field of e-learning across Asian countries has relatively
been neglected. Moreover, the factors related to the regional variation in the e-learning research
productivity remain unclear. This study therefore examines the Asian research performance in
the e-learning domain between 1996 to 2018 from the total documents, citable documents,
citations, self-citations along with the average citations per document (CPD) and H index.
Besides, it measures the correlation between the six research performance indicators and the
four country specific factors.
Method
To examine the research performance in the e-learning domain, this study obtained the
data from the SJR on the subject categories of e-learning in the Asiatic region from 1996 to
2018, the earliest and latest years available in the database. The data included six research
performance indicators, i.e. total documents, citable documents, citations, self-citations along
with the average CPD and H index (SCImago, n.d.). Whereas the data on the GDP per capita
and R & D expenditure for the same timespan were obtained from the World Bank
(https://www.worldbank.org/), those on the number of universities in Asian countries were
accessed from the World Higher Education Database (https://www.whed.net/). The data on the
number of academic journals in Asian countries were also downloaded from the Journal
Rankings of the SJR for all subject areas and categories in the Asiatic region limited to journals
in 2018 (SCImago, n.d.). All of the data were downloaded in the first week of April 2020.
Microsoft Excel 2016 (http://office.microsoft.com/excel) was used to describe
statistically the research productivity and the four country-specific factors along with to
provide their figures. As some of the data in Table 2 and 3 violated the normality assumption
and many scores had the same rank, the relationship between the four national factors and the
six scientific research performance indicators were non-parametrically analyzed by running
Kendall’s tau (Akoglu, 2018) in IBM SPSS Statistics Version 22.
Results
Research Performance
Table 1 shows the global and regional scientific performance in the e-learning domain
from 1996 to 2018 by using the six indicators of the SJR. Out of the eight regions, the Asiatic
one ranked third behind the Western Europe and Northern America in terms of total documents,
citable documents along with citations and so did it below the Northern America and Western
Europe in terms of total self-citation. Other than the three regions, only the Pacific one got a
place in the top ten productive countries of e-learning research.
As regards to the CPD, the Asiatic region sat in the fourth place after the Northern
America, Pacific region, and Western Europe. With the H index ranged from 2 to 95, the Asiatic
region could be placed in the second position after the Northern America having the H index
between 1 to 141 and before the Western Europe with the H index ranging from 0 to 93.
During the study period, the Western Europe and Northern America contributed over
one-third and roughly a quarter of the worldwide e-learning documents, respectively. Around
20% of over 60 thousand e-learning documents in the world was published by the 28 Asian
countries. The three regions could total over 78% of the world’s e-learning documents. The
remaining five regions had documents in the range of 2%-6%.
Table 2 shows the top ten countries in e-learning research ranked by the total documents
with the data on the six research indicators. The top ten countries contributed 36,752 documents
7. Syahid, E-learning Research in Asia 5
Indicators Africa
(n = 37)
America Asia
(n = 28)
Europe Middle
East
(n = 16)
Pacific
(n = 8)
World
(N = 170)Latin
(n = 32)
Northern
(n = 2)
Eastern
(n = 23)
Western
(n = 24)
Md 2.98 4.25 13.45 4.55 3.49 8.19 5.22 2.84 4.37
H index
Minimum 0 0 80 1 1 0 2 0 0
Maximum 33 28 141 95 21 93 49 72 141
Table 2
E-learning Documents by the Top Ten Countries from 1996 to 2018
Country Region Documents Citations H index
n Citable n Self- per document
United States Northern America 12,869 12,211 155,940 61,037 12.12 141
United Kingdom Western Europe 5,278 4,981 65,563 15,140 12.42 93
Australia Pacific 3,073 2,891 32,363 7,251 10.53 72
Taiwan Asiatic 2,543 2,471 47,531 14,612 18.69 95
China Asiatic 2,418 2,367 10,724 2,857 4.44 40
Spain Western Europe 2,343 2,250 20,396 5,564 8.71 62
Canada Northern America 2,308 2,200 34,091 5,186 14.77 80
Germany Western Europe 2,180 2,099 17,760 4,344 8.15 51
Japan Asiatic 2,147 2,119 11,181 4,686 5.21 35
Italy Western Europe 1,593 1,532 10,338 2,447 6.49 44
8. 6 Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)
(M = 3,675.20, SD = 3,380.84) of which 35,121 (M = 3,512.10, SD = 3,193.44) were citable.
They received 405,887 citations (M = 40,588.70, SD = 44,332.62) of which 123,124 (M =
12,312.40, SD = 17,694.01) were self-citations. Overall, the CPD by the top ten countries was
11.04, higher than the world’s one but lower than the Northern America’s one as demonstrated
in Table 1. The range (median) for the last indicator was 35-141 (67).
Table 2 highlights the dominance of the United States in the universe of e-learning
research with an over twofold productivity compared to the United Kingdom as the second
rank. Nearly 60% of the total e-learning documents in the world were published by the top ten
countries. Interestingly, three Asian countries could rank among them, i.e., Taiwan, China, and
Japan.
Table 3 lists the Asian countries ranked by their total e-learning documents with the data
on the six scientific performance indicators. The description of the Asian research performance
as a whole could be seen Table 1. The total papers published by the top three Asian countries
represent over half of the regional productivity and over 11% of the global one. The other eight
countries could contribute about 39% regionally and approximately 8% globally in the range
of 1% to 9%. The regional and global shares of the remaining 17 countries with less than 1%
contribution were about 3% and less than 1%, respectively.
Table 3
E-learning Documents in the Asiatic Region in the SJR from 1996-2018
Country Documents Citations H index
n Citable n Self- per document
Taiwan 2,543 2,471 47,531 14,612 18.69 95
China 2,418 2,367 10,724 2,857 4.44 40
Japan 2,147 2,119 11,181 4,686 5.21 35
India 1,096 1,071 4,324 1,214 3.95 26
Malaysia 905 892 6,219 1,492 6.87 35
South Korea 723 700 8,373 744 11.58 42
Hong Kong 676 642 8,305 976 12.29 43
Singapore 565 546 10,622 1,300 18.80 53
Thailand 403 399 1,638 268 4.06 19
Indonesia 271 266 877 313 3.24 16
Pakistan 193 188 926 180 4.80 16
Philippines 75 73 272 22 3.63 9
Bangladesh 63 58 293 50 4.65 10
Kazakhstan 54 53 191 19 3.54 3
Viet Nam 49 49 302 32 6.16 8
Sri Lanka 46 45 176 4 3.83 8
Macao 39 36 322 8 8.26 8
Brunei Darussalam 34 34 304 54 8.94 8
Mongolia 11 11 36 - 3.27 3
Bhutan 9 9 23 4 2.56 3
Nepal 7 7 7 1 1.00 2
Uzbekistan 5 5 2 - 0.40 1
Kyrgyzstan 5 5 3 - 0.60 1
Cambodia 5 5 97 2 19.40 5
Myanmar 3 3 5 - 1.67 2
Laos 1 1 8 - 8.00 1
North Korea 1 1 2 - 2.00 1
Afghanistan 1 1 15 - 15.00 1
9. Syahid, E-learning Research in Asia 7
As shown in Figure 1, the world and Asia’s scientific productivity in the e-learning
domain was at its peak in 2012. During the analyzed timespan, the e-learning research grew
more rapidly in the Asiatic region than in the world. The average annual and compound annual
growth rates in Asia were 51.32% and 13.67% whereas those in the world were just 12.24%
and 6.50%.
Figure 1. Annual Growth of E-learning Documents in the World and Asia
Country Indicators
Table 4 shows the 28 Asian countries involved in the e-learning domain, ranked in
accordance with Table 1, with the four national factors. The average GDP per capita (current
US$) of the 27 Asian countries during the 23-year time span ranged from 440 to 44,565.37
with a mean of 9843.52 (SD = 14,250.28). Between 1996 and 2018 the average percentage of
the GDP spent by the 27 countries on R & D ranged 0.02 to 3.11with a mean of 0.72 (SD =
1.00). A total of 5,858 universities (M = 209.21, SD = 326.12) in the 28 countries were
registered in the WHED. However, only 17 countries could index 2, 383 journals (M = 140.18,
SD = 197.85) in the SJR.
The Four Country Indicators and the Six Research Performance Indicators
It can be noticed in Table 3 and 4 that the data on documents, D(16) = .204, p = .073,
citable documents, D(16) = .207, p = .065, and H index, D(16) = .148, p = .200 did not deviate
significantly from normal. However, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was significant, D(16) =
.297, p = .001 for citations, D(16) = .346, p < .001 for self-citations, D(16) = .266, p = .004 for
CPD, D(16) = .284, p = .001 for GDP per capita, D(16) = .243, p = .012 for spending on R &
D, D(16) = .290, p = .001 for number of universities, and D(16) = .307, p < .001 for number
of journals. As the data set was non-normal, a non-parametric test was appropriate. Because
the data set was small with many scores having the same rank, Kendall’s correlation was
suitable.
10. 8 Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)
Table 4
Four National Indicators of Asian Countries from 1996 to 2018
Country Sub region Income Group GDP/capita R& D expenditure Universities Journals
(current US$)* (% of GDP)* in WHED in SJR
Taiwan Eastern High 23,516.00 2.75 148 87
China Eastern Upper middle 3,862.09 1.4 736 628
Japan Eastern High 38,150.35 3.11 765 460
India Southern Lower middle 1,020.47 0.75 809 499
Malaysia South-Eastern Upper middle 7,238.39 0.85 80 90
South Korea Eastern High 19,622.36 3.09 248 249
Hong Kong Eastern High 32,152.07 0.69 11 22
Singapore South-Eastern High 39,384.27 2.01 9 119
Thailand South-Eastern Upper middle 4,063.33 0.34 146 39
Indonesia South-Eastern Lower middle 2,144.45 0.15 549 38
Pakistan Southern Lower middle 887.68 0.27 153 96
Philippines South-Eastern Lower middle 1,823.29 0.13 1,340 23
Bangladesh Southern Lower middle 748.89 120 16
Kazakhstan Central Upper middle 6,230.66 0.2 116 4
Viet Nam South-Eastern Lower middle 1,134.14 0.34 172
Sri Lanka Southern Upper middle 2,132.25 0.14 26 6
Macao Eastern High 44,565.37 0.09 9
Brunei Darussalam South-Eastern High 27,945.31 0.02 4 1
Mongolia Eastern Lower middle 2,064.64 0.22 52
Bhutan Southern Lower middle 1,724.42 3
Nepal Southern Low 481.48 0.21 12 6
Uzbekistan Central Lower middle 1,223.88 0.22 64
Kyrgyzstan Central Lower middle 747.20 0.17 24
Cambodia South-Eastern Lower middle 700.63 0.08 45
Myanmar South-Eastern Lower middle 729.46 0.07 99
Laos South-Eastern Lower middle 1,041.90 0.04 11
11. Syahid, E-learning Research in Asia 9
Country Sub
region
Income
Group
GDP/capita
(current US$)*
R& D Universities
in WHED
Journals
in SJRexpenditure
(% of GDP)*
North Korea Eastern Low 72
Afghanistan Southern Low 440.00 35
Note. * Data expressed as Mean from 1996 to 2018.
Table 5 summarizes the correlation between the four national indicators and six research
performance ones in the Asiatic region during the time span of 23 years. The GDP per capita
was the only national indicator significantly correlated with all of research performance ones.
The spending on R & D along with the number of universities and internationally indexed
journals were not significantly related to the CPD only.
Table 5
The Correlation between the Four National Indicators and Six Research Indicators.
National Indicators Research
performance
indicators
Τ p Strenth of
Relationshipa
GDP per capita Documents .461** .000 Strong
(N = 27) Citable documents .461** .000 Strong
Citations .516** .000 Strong
Self-citations .464** .000 Strong
CPD .299* .014 Weak
H index .500** .000 Strong
R & D expenditure Documents .645** .000 Strong
(N = 24) Citable documents .645** .000 Strong
Citations .565** .000 Strong
Self-citations .576** .000 Strong
CPD .181 .107
H index .568** .000 Strong
Universities in the WHED Documents .374** .003 Moderate
(N = 28) Citable documents .374** .003 Moderate
Citations .274* .021 Weak
Self-citations .306* .013 Moderate
CPD -.058 .332
H index .273* .023 Weak
Journals in the SJR Documents .686** .000 Strong
(N = 17) Citable documents .686** .000 Strong
Citations .568** .001 Strong
Self-citations .539** .001 Strong
CPD .214 .116
H index .522** .002 Strong
Note. T = Kendall’s correlation coefficient. GDP = gross domestic product. CPD = citations
per document. R & D = research and development. WHED = World Higher Education
Database. ns = not significant (p > 0.05).
12. 10 Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)
a
Interpretation of correlation coefficients in the research areas of politics (Akoglu, 2018).
* p < 0.05 (1-tailed). ** p < 0.01 (1-tailed).
Discussion
Viewed from the total documents, citable documents, citations, and self-citations in the
e-learning domain, the Asiatic region held 3rd position ahead of the Pacific region, Middle
East, Africa, Eastern Europe, and Latin America. The same position was also reported by
Maurer and Khan (2010) along with Tibaná-Herrera, Fernández-Bajón, and de Moya-Anegón
(2018) each analyzing the scientific development of e-learning in the Web of Science database
during 2003-2008 and the Scopus database during 2003–2015. Using the SJR, one of the few
databases which acknowledged e-learning as a newly consolidated discipline (Tibaná-Herrera,
Fernández-Bajón, & De Moya-Anegón, 2018) and a longer study period, i.e., 23 years, this
work could prove that Asia was one of the big players in the e-learning arena.
Viewed from the CPD and H index, the 28 Asian countries as a whole could maintain
4th place behind the Northern America, Pacific region, and Western Europe along with 2nd
place behind the Northern America. Contributing to over 20% documents in the e-learning
subject category of the SJR, over the last two decades the Asiatic region has demonstrated a
huger growth of e-learning research than the world has. The region garnered considerable
success in the worldwide e-learning research in terms of quality and quality.
Taiwan, China, and Japan, which held 4th, 5th, and 9th places respectively in the world
ranking, have contributed greatly to the success. Together their share was more than 50% at
the regional level and about 12% at the global one. Their scientific productivity in the e-
learning area has wholly or partially been acknowledged by several researchers (Chiang et al.,
2010; Hung, 2012; Surulinathi, 2015; Tibaná-Herrera, Fernández-Bajón, & De-Moya-Anegón,
2018).
For example, Chiang et al. (2010) placed Taiwan, the only Asian country in their list, the
third among the top ten countries in their investigation into the trends of e-learning publications
in the Web of Science database during 1967-2009. That Taiwan is “the only country that
consistently ranks among the first places of production and impact on e-learning” (p. 1087) and
“a point of reference and focus on e-learning, ahead of the United States and Western Europe”
(p. 1092) could be tracked from the national and international programs to develop e-learning
and digital education in the Taiwanese national policy since 2003 (Tibaná-Herrera, Fernández-
Bajón, & De-Moya-Anegón, 2018). However, Asia does not consist of Taiwan, China, Japan
or other countries/ territories 27 countries listed in this study.
The e-learning research productivity and performance in Asia, unfortunately, has not
been equal for all sub regions and countries. Based on the regional division in the Worldometer
(2020), there were still 23 Asian countries left in the analysis. All of the eight countries in the
Eastern Asia were actively involved in the e-learning knowledge area but no publication could
be recorded from all of the 18 countries in the Western Asia. Moreover, two countries in the
Central and Southern Asia respectively along with one country in the South-Eastern Asia could
index no single e-learning document in the database, either.
However, the invisibility of nearly half of the Asian countries in the scientific
development of e-learning by combining the regional division in the Worldometer
(Worldometer, 2020) and the SJR (SCImago, n.d.) must be treated with considerable caution.
In the SJR database of contributing countries in the e-learning field, one country in the Southern
Asia, i.e. Iran, and 14 countries in the Western Asia such as Turkey and Israel are listed in the
Middle East. In this study, if over 3,000 research documents by the 15 countries (please refer
Table 1 for the research performance in the Middle East) had been added to the existing data,
the Asian contribution to the e-learning research enterprise would have been much huger, i.e.
15,662 documents, second only to the Western Europe. The Asian relative standing in this
13. Syahid, E-learning Research in Asia 11
study thus must be read as the position in the SJR database only. Now it could be argued that
the e-learning research productivity and performance in Asia was relatively equal at the sub
regional but not national levels.
The gap amongst the Asian countries in terms of e-learning research during the period of
study is important to note. The challenging heterogeneity could be used as a starting point to
improve the intra- and inter-governmental, institutional, and individual research collaborations
in the scientific development of e-learning to improve the scientific quantity, quality, and
visibility in the knowledge area of e-learning in the Asiatic region. Another thing to do is to
improve some existing initiatives such as an e-literacy development for rural areas (Belawati,
2016) along with the Taiwanese international e-learning programs (Tibaná-Herrera,
Fernández-Bajón, & De-Moya-Anegón, 2018). Within this in mind, Asia could also be the
region having not only the highest growth of global e-learning market (Belawati, 2016) but
also the highest scientific contribution at the global level.
Among the first to pay greater attention to the e-learning publications at the Asian level,
this study not only describes the e-learning research in Asia but also measures the correlation
between the six research indicators and the four national indicators. With a few exceptions, the
Asia’s favorable standing in the scientific enterprise of e-learning was shared by all of the four
national indicators. As the GDP per capita increased, so did so did the quality (the number of
documents, citable documents) and the quality (the citations, self-citations, CPD, and H index)
of e-learning research in the Asiatic region. The same pattern could be observed between the
other three country indicators and all of the research performance indicators but the CPD.
Regarding the strength of relationship, only three out of 21 positive correlations belong
to the weak one. These results offer relatively vital evidence for the four country indicators
accounted for the e-learning research in Asia during the investigated timespan. They also
suggest that the funding dynamics and related educational policy as reflected in the four country
indicators could share the research productivity and performance.
The results differ to some extent from those of Meo, Al Masri, et al. (2013), Meo,
Usmani, et al. (2013), Jamjoom and Jamjoom (2016) and Meo et al. (2019). In the first study,
the GDP per capita was not significantly correlated with the documents, CPD, and H index in
the subject categories of various sciences and social science in the SJR during from 1996 to
2011 but the R & D expenditure along with the number of universities and indexed journals
were. The difference could be explained in part by the different subject categories under
investigation. Meo, Al Masri, et al. (2013) examined broad subject categories, not only some
various sciences but also social sciences. Moreover, they viewed the Asian research
performance in many research fields from the three out of six indicators in the SJR. This study,
on the other hand, not only concentrated on one of sub level of social sciences in the SJR, i.e.
e-learning, but also viewed the research performance from all of the six indicators.
In the second study, no significant correlation could be found between the GDP per capita
and all of the four research indicators under investigation, i.e. documents, citable documents,
CPD, and H index. The significant correlation could be observed between the spending on
R&D and the third along with fourth indicators, between the number of universities and the
first, second, along with third indicators, and between the number of journals of
pharmacological sciences indexed in the Institute of Scientific Information during 1996-2011
and all of the four research indicators. Involving 16 countries in the Middle East, the study also
examined the research performance at the level of subject category including such varied
subject areas as pharmacology, toxicology, drug discovery and pharmaceutical science.
In the third study, Jamjoom and Jamjoom (2016) could observed positive associations
between the GDP per capita and only three out of six indicators, i.e. the citations, CPD, and H
index. The spending on R & D was significantly correlated with four indicators, i.e., the total
documents and citable documents along with the CPD and H index. Viewing the research
14. 12 Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)
productivity and performance at the level of subject category in the SJR database, they reported
that the number of universities joining the world top 500 and the number of journals indexed
in the SJR were significantly correlated with each of the 6 indicators of research on clinical
neurology in the top 50 countries in the field from 1996 to 2014.
In the last study, Meo et al. (2019) concentrated on research into medical education in 49
Asian countries. They could find positive associations between the number of medical schools
and medical education publications in the Institute of Scientific Information between 1965 to
2015. The number of medical schools was also positively correlated with the number of
journals indexed in the same database.
Among the first to investigate the welcoming ambience of e-learning research in Asia,
this study combined the strengths of the previous studies. Firstly, the data on the research
performance in the knowledge area of e-learning were accessed form the SJR with
scientometric indicators of journals indexed in Scopus, one of the most reputable indexing
service. The SJR is one of the few citation databases, if not the only one, that establishes e-
learning as a distinguishable discipline (Tibaná-Herrera, Fernández-Bajón, & De Moya-
Anegón, 2018) among its 313 subject categories under the 27 subject areas (SCImago, n.d.). In
other databases, research output in e-learning is possibly indexed under the categories of
education and educational research, information science and library science, or computer
science/interdisciplinary applications (Chiang et al., 2010). Through a more rigorous
viewfinder, this study could portray the scientific development of e-learning, especially in Asia,
more convincingly.
Secondly, Kendall’s correlation was run because the small data set with many scores
having the same rank was not normal and linear. In this study, the use of non-parametric
statistics, according to Akoglu (2018), could measure the correlation between the variables
more accurately. The findings would thus seem to be defensible, at least in terms of data
collection and analysis.
This study captures the bibliometric portrait of e-learning research in Asia before most
of the worldwide educational institutions sprung out of e-learning because of the COVID-19
outbreak. It would be of interest to draw a comparison between the productivity and visibility
of e-learning research at the global and regional levels before and after the COVID-19
outbreak. The next years is likely to witness a considerable rise in e-learning research. Further
studies, which take other indices such as Co-Authorship Index and Relative Research Effort
into account, will need to performed.
CONCLUSION
During the 23-year period e-learning research grew faster in the Asiatic region than in
the world. Behind the Western Europe and Northern America, Asia with over one-fifth of the
global e-learning documents was favorably in the third position followed by the Pacific region,
Middle East, Africa, Eastern Europe, and Latin America. The marked tendency for
centralization of intellectual efforts into e-learning in Taiwan and China in the Eastern Asia
could be the driving force behind higher productivity and visibility of e-learning research in
Asia. The relative standing of Asian research into e-learning during the 23-year period could
be explained by the GDP per capita, R & D expenditure along with the number of universities
and Scopus-indexed journals. Continuing efforts from policy to ground levels must be taken to
increase the productivity and visibility of scientific development in the e-learning enterprise
across Asian countries. In this view, the transforming potentials of e-learning could widen
educational access, enrich educational experiences, and reduce educational barriers not only in
Asia but also around the globe especially when the significance of e-learning during the
COVID-19 pandemic are undisputed.
15. Syahid, E-learning Research in Asia 13
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