This study intends to explore the current trends in the field of distance education research catalogued in Web of Science (WoS) database during 1980-2016. Mainly bibliographic description and social network analysis was employed to investigate the structure and patterns of information exchanged within the field of distance education research and also to interpret the interrelationship between keywords indicated in these articles. A total of 500 most cited articles (out of 6,141 relevant to the topic) were reviewed to examine the impact of factors such as journal DOI and keywords on the number of citations that they received. We also identified major trends in distance education literature including variation across publication and citation year, top ranking of institutions and top ranking of published papers based on authors, subject area and co-authorship collaboration between countries. Our results show that the most cited articles are from two institutions of United States and United Kingdom and the most prolific years in terms of number of published articles and citations are 2013.We also found non-significant and very small correlation between the number of citation and DOI number of the journals. Our study serves as a resource for future studies by indicating how trends in distance education research have gradually developed over time and demonstrating the characteristics of the most cited articles in this literature.
Teaching and Research Quality in Nigerian Public Polytechnics: Evidence from ...NAAR Journal
This paper examined the relationship between teaching and research performance of lecturers in the context of federal polytechnics in North-Eastern Nigeria. A simple random sampling method was used in selecting a total of 320 lecturers and 600 students from the polytechnics. For this study t-Test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and percentage were used to carry out the analysis. Our results show that there is zero or no relationship between been active researcher and been a qualitative teacher. We also suggest that the institution should employ astute researchers as well as passionate teachers in order to satisfy the mission of tertiary institutions and meet societal and industry expectations.
Publication Trends in Physics Education: A Bibliometric studyMahboobeh Jamali
A publication trend in Physics Education by employing bibliometric analysis leads the researchers to describe current scientific movement. This paper tries to answer “What do Physics education scientists concentrate in their publications?” by analyzing the productivity and development of publications on the subject category of Physics Education in the period 1980–2013. The Web of Science databases in the research areas of “EDUCATION - EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH” was used to extract the publication trends. The study involves 1360 publications, including 840 articles, 503 proceedings paper, 22 reviews, 7 editorial material, 6 Book review, and one Biographical item. Number of publications with “Physical Education” in topic increased from 0.14 % (n = 2) in 1980 to 16.54 % (n = 225) in 2011. Total number of receiving citations is 8071, with approximately citations per papers of 5.93. The results show the publication and citations in Physic Education has increased dramatically while the Malaysian share is well ranked.
<a><img src="https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.801889.svg"></a>
This list of resources is one of the outputs of the HEA Social Sciences funded project 'The role of assessment in teaching research methods' led by Anesa Hosein (University of Surrey) and Namrata Rao (Liverpool Hope University).
For further details of this project, please see HEA Social Sciences blog post:
EVALUATION OF SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE AMONG STUDENT TEACHERSS. Raj Kumar
attitude and scientific temper among them, which will be enormously supportive in teaching scientific
attitude to their students during the classroom teaching. The present investigation is an attempt has
been made to study the Scientific Attitude of student Teacher in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India.
The tool scientific attitude inventory developed and standardized by Asokan and it was slightly
modified by the researcher. The result reveals that the student Teachers have moderate level of
Scientific Attitude and the Scientific Attitude differs significantly with respect to their Arts and Science
stream and Parents occupation.
I N T E R N A T I O N A L E D U C A T I O N A L S C I E N T I F I C R E S E A...S. Raj Kumar
Present scenario, E-learning resources gain access to classrooms around the world at an extremely rapid pace. In the wake of this influx, educators face growing challenges as they teach a much “wired” and more and more “wireless” generation of students using technology that is evolving every day. This paper deals with the electronic resources (E-Resources) and their different types. The information seeking behavior of students, researchers and faculty in the electronic milieu are thrashing out in detail, looks at the E- resources created by some organizations are highlighted for access. The main objective of the present Study is to find out the study on E-learning Resources Access and Academic Performance among Under Graduate Students. Normative Survey method was adopted to collect the relevant data for the present study. The tool E-learning Resources Scale (ELRAS) developed and standardized by S. Raja kumar and P. Pachaiyappan, was used to collect data for the present study. The Researcher randomly selected 330 Under Graduate Students studying in Government, Government Aided and Private Colleges in and around Vellore and Thiruvallur District of Tamilnadu. The result existing study was done in order to find the E-Learning Resources Access and Academic Performance of under Graduate Students on the whole it perceived the data explores several factors which are significant in parenteral annual income of E-learning Resources Access and the study Academic performance is significant in Stream and E-device using hours of undergraduate students. Keywords: E-learning, E-resources, E- Access, Academic performance, Under-graduate Students.
Teaching and Research Quality in Nigerian Public Polytechnics: Evidence from ...NAAR Journal
This paper examined the relationship between teaching and research performance of lecturers in the context of federal polytechnics in North-Eastern Nigeria. A simple random sampling method was used in selecting a total of 320 lecturers and 600 students from the polytechnics. For this study t-Test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and percentage were used to carry out the analysis. Our results show that there is zero or no relationship between been active researcher and been a qualitative teacher. We also suggest that the institution should employ astute researchers as well as passionate teachers in order to satisfy the mission of tertiary institutions and meet societal and industry expectations.
Publication Trends in Physics Education: A Bibliometric studyMahboobeh Jamali
A publication trend in Physics Education by employing bibliometric analysis leads the researchers to describe current scientific movement. This paper tries to answer “What do Physics education scientists concentrate in their publications?” by analyzing the productivity and development of publications on the subject category of Physics Education in the period 1980–2013. The Web of Science databases in the research areas of “EDUCATION - EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH” was used to extract the publication trends. The study involves 1360 publications, including 840 articles, 503 proceedings paper, 22 reviews, 7 editorial material, 6 Book review, and one Biographical item. Number of publications with “Physical Education” in topic increased from 0.14 % (n = 2) in 1980 to 16.54 % (n = 225) in 2011. Total number of receiving citations is 8071, with approximately citations per papers of 5.93. The results show the publication and citations in Physic Education has increased dramatically while the Malaysian share is well ranked.
<a><img src="https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.801889.svg"></a>
This list of resources is one of the outputs of the HEA Social Sciences funded project 'The role of assessment in teaching research methods' led by Anesa Hosein (University of Surrey) and Namrata Rao (Liverpool Hope University).
For further details of this project, please see HEA Social Sciences blog post:
EVALUATION OF SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE AMONG STUDENT TEACHERSS. Raj Kumar
attitude and scientific temper among them, which will be enormously supportive in teaching scientific
attitude to their students during the classroom teaching. The present investigation is an attempt has
been made to study the Scientific Attitude of student Teacher in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India.
The tool scientific attitude inventory developed and standardized by Asokan and it was slightly
modified by the researcher. The result reveals that the student Teachers have moderate level of
Scientific Attitude and the Scientific Attitude differs significantly with respect to their Arts and Science
stream and Parents occupation.
I N T E R N A T I O N A L E D U C A T I O N A L S C I E N T I F I C R E S E A...S. Raj Kumar
Present scenario, E-learning resources gain access to classrooms around the world at an extremely rapid pace. In the wake of this influx, educators face growing challenges as they teach a much “wired” and more and more “wireless” generation of students using technology that is evolving every day. This paper deals with the electronic resources (E-Resources) and their different types. The information seeking behavior of students, researchers and faculty in the electronic milieu are thrashing out in detail, looks at the E- resources created by some organizations are highlighted for access. The main objective of the present Study is to find out the study on E-learning Resources Access and Academic Performance among Under Graduate Students. Normative Survey method was adopted to collect the relevant data for the present study. The tool E-learning Resources Scale (ELRAS) developed and standardized by S. Raja kumar and P. Pachaiyappan, was used to collect data for the present study. The Researcher randomly selected 330 Under Graduate Students studying in Government, Government Aided and Private Colleges in and around Vellore and Thiruvallur District of Tamilnadu. The result existing study was done in order to find the E-Learning Resources Access and Academic Performance of under Graduate Students on the whole it perceived the data explores several factors which are significant in parenteral annual income of E-learning Resources Access and the study Academic performance is significant in Stream and E-device using hours of undergraduate students. Keywords: E-learning, E-resources, E- Access, Academic performance, Under-graduate Students.
TEACHER’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS UTILISING FUTURE GADGETS IN EDUCATION ijcax
Today’s era is an era of modernization and globalization. Everything is happening at a very fast rate whether it is politics, societal reforms, commercialization, transportation, or educational innovations. In every few second, technology grows either in the form of arrival of the new devices/gadgets with millions of apps and these latest technological objects may be in the form of hardware/software devices. We are the
educationists, teachers, students and stakeholders of present Indian educational system. These gadgets/devices are partly being used by us or most of them are still unaware of these innovative technologies due to the mass media or economical factor. So, there is a need to improvise ourselves towards utilizing the future gadgets in order to explore the educational uses, barriers and preparatoryneeds of these available devices for educational purposes. This paper aims to study the opinion of the teacher-educators about the usage of future gadgets in higher education. It will also contribute towards establishing the list of latest technological devices, and how it can enhances the process of teachinglearning system.
AI in Education Amsterdam Data Science (ADS) What have we learned after a dec...Bart Rienties
The Open University UK (OU) has been implementing learning analytics and learning design on a large scale since 2012. With its 170+ students and 4000+ teaching staff, the OU has been at the forefront of testing, implementing, and evaluating the impact of learning analytics and learning design on students outcome and retention. A range of reviews and scholarly repositories (e.g., Web of Science) indicate that the OU is the largest contributor to academic output in learning analytics and learning design in the world. However, despite the large uptake of learning analytics at the OU there are a range of complex issues in terms of buy-in from staff, data infrastructures, ethics and privacy, student engagement, and perhaps most importantly how to make sense of big and small data in a complex organisation like the OU. During his talk Bart will be presenting on the implementation and learnings.
"The Influence of Online Studies and Information using Learning Analytics"Fahmi Ahmed
This research will help people with inadequate knowledge to get
a better understanding of online study or e-learning. Through this
study, the social impact of online users or learners can be
increased, and the users can have a clear idea of online study. In
this research, the graphs will be presented according to country,
gender, age, online resources, etc. showing the impact of online
study and information on online users. The learners will get an
understandable knowledge of the type of sources, what is their
purpose, and resources people can use in online study. From this,
the learners will get a guide or path that how easily they can learn
online for study in a more flexible way. The outcomes are
visualized using the R language and Tableau with pre-processed
data.
RESEARCH TRENDS İN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY İN TURKEY: 2010-2018 YEAR THESIS AN...ijcax
The purpose of this research is the analysis using meta-analysis of studies in the field of Educational
Technology in Turkey and in the field is to demonstrate how to get to that trend. For this purpose, a total of
263 studies were analyzed including 98 theses and 165 articles published between 2010-2018. Purpose
sampling method was used when selecting publications. In the research, while selecting articles and theses;
Turkey addressed; YOK Tez Tarama Database, Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Education,
Educational Sciences : Theory & Practice Journal, Education and Science Journal, Elementary Education
Online Journal, The Turkish Online Journal of Education and The Turkish Online Journal of Educational
Technology used in journals. Publications have been reviewed under 11 criteria. Index, year of
publication, research scope, method, education level, sample, number of samples, data collection methods,
analysis techniques, and research tendency, research topics in Educational Technology Research in Turkey
has revealed. The data is interpreted based on percentage and frequency and the results are shown using
the table.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This is a draft of the presentation that will be given at the HEA Social Sciences annual conference - Teaching forward: the future of the Social Sciences.
For further details of the conference: http://bit.ly/1cRDx0p
Bookings open until 14 May 2014 http://bit.ly/1hzCMLR or external.events@heacademy.ac.uk
ABSTRACT
This paper provides an overview of a HEA funded project on communicating quantitative methods. The project seeks to explain how psephology - the analysis of voting data, opinion polls and similar electoral statistical data – can be used to develop active learning pedagogies. It explores how psephology can be embedded into the British Politics curriculum to introduce learners to quantitative methods and show the relevance of these approaches. The project is aimed at first year undergraduates and seeks simulate interest in data analysis as well as develop basic skills such as the ability to read tables, graphs and charts.
E-Learning Research in Asia during 1996–2018 and the Four Country Indicators....eraser Juan José Calderón
E-Learning Research in Asia during 1996–2018 and the Four Country Indicators.
Abdul Syahid
Este estudio analiza el desempeño de la investigación asiática en e-learning durante 1996–2018 a partir del número de documentos, documentos citables, citas y autocitas junto con las citas por documento y el índice de Hirsch. También mide la correlación entre los seis indicadores de investigación y los cuatro indicadores de país comúnmente asociados con el desempeño de la investigación de algunos países, es decir, el Producto Interno Bruto per cápita, el gasto en Investigación y Desarrollo junto con el número de revistas universitarias e indexadas internacionalmente. Los datos de los seis indicadores de investigación y revistas se obtuvieron de SCImago Journal y Country Rank. Mientras que los de los dos primeros indicadores de países se descargaron del Banco Mundial, los del tercero fueron de la Base de datos mundial de educación superior. Asia ocupó el tercer lugar entre las ocho regiones en los primeros cuatro indicadores de investigación, el cuarto en las citas por documento y el segundo en el índice de Hirsch. Los 28 países asiáticos fueron responsables de alrededor del 20% de más de 60 mil publicaciones mundiales de aprendizaje electrónico. Todos los indicadores de la investigación se correlacionaron significativamente con todos los indicadores del país, excepto las citas por documento. Este trabajo podría describir el patrón de desempeño de la investigación y su relación con los cuatro indicadores de país en el área de conocimiento del e-learning.
Using Learning analytics to support learners and teachers at the Open UniversityBart Rienties
In this seminar Prof Bart Rienties will reflect on how the Open University UK has become a leading institution in implementing learning analytics at scale amongst its 170K students and 5K staff. Furthermore, he will discuss how learning analytics is being adopted at other UK institutions, and what the implications for higher education might be in these Covid19 times.
https://www.kent.ac.uk/cshe/news-events.html
The Development and Factor Structure of the Faculty Perceptions of Statistics (FPS) Scale........................................ 1
Laura Taylor, Kirsten Doehler and Jessalyn Smith
Teachers who Attract or Repel: A Glimpse at Student Expectations of their Tertiary-Level Teachers .................... 21
Dr Stephen Joseph
The Effects of Goal Type, Learning Interest, and Task Difficulty on Learning English Words ................................ 32
Pengcheng Zhang and Zhe Wang, Olusola Adesope
An ICT Approach for Implementing Emerging Technologies for Teaching and Learning in Low Resource
Communities: Lessons Learnt from Namibia .................................................................................................................. 47
Shehu M and Jere N.R
Descriptive Study on Grade 2 Pupils Relationship Behavior and School Adjustment As Perceived By Teachers:
The Case of Jimma Zone, Oromia ...................................................................................................................................... 65
Fisseha Mikre and Nasser Aba-Milki
The Magnitude of Teacher Expectation Effects: Differences in Students, Teachers and Contexts ............................ 76
Zheng Li
Principles and Practices of ESP Course Design—A Case Study of a University of Science and Technology .......... 94
Chin-Ling Lee
Escalating Ability to Write Papers: To Make Use of Direct Instruction....................................................................... 106
Ismail Marzuki
Students’ Attitudes and English Language Performance in Secondary Schools in Tanzania ................................. 117
Gilman Jackson Nyamubi, Ph.D
Learning analytics adoption in Higher Education: Reviewing six years of exper...Bart Rienties
In this webinar, Prof Bart Rienties will reflect on the process of implementing learning analytics solutions within the UK higher education setting, its implications, and the key lessons learned in the process. The talk will specifically focus on the Open University UK (OU) experience of implementing learning analytics to support its 170k students and 5k staff. Its flagship OU Analyse has been hailed as one of the largest applications of predictive learning analytics at scale for the last five years, making OU one of the leading institutions in learning analytics domain. The talk will reflect on the strong connections between research and practice, educational theory and learning design, scholarship and professional development, and working in multi-disciplinary teams to explain why the OU is at the forefront of implementing learning analytics at scale. At the same time, not all innovations and interventions have worked. During this webinar, Prof Rienties will discuss the lessons learned from implementing learning analytics systems, how learning analytics has been adopted at OU and other UK institutions, and what the implications for higher education might be.
TEACHER’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS UTILISING FUTURE GADGETS IN EDUCATION ijcax
Today’s era is an era of modernization and globalization. Everything is happening at a very fast rate whether it is politics, societal reforms, commercialization, transportation, or educational innovations. In every few second, technology grows either in the form of arrival of the new devices/gadgets with millions of apps and these latest technological objects may be in the form of hardware/software devices. We are the
educationists, teachers, students and stakeholders of present Indian educational system. These gadgets/devices are partly being used by us or most of them are still unaware of these innovative technologies due to the mass media or economical factor. So, there is a need to improvise ourselves towards utilizing the future gadgets in order to explore the educational uses, barriers and preparatoryneeds of these available devices for educational purposes. This paper aims to study the opinion of the teacher-educators about the usage of future gadgets in higher education. It will also contribute towards establishing the list of latest technological devices, and how it can enhances the process of teachinglearning system.
AI in Education Amsterdam Data Science (ADS) What have we learned after a dec...Bart Rienties
The Open University UK (OU) has been implementing learning analytics and learning design on a large scale since 2012. With its 170+ students and 4000+ teaching staff, the OU has been at the forefront of testing, implementing, and evaluating the impact of learning analytics and learning design on students outcome and retention. A range of reviews and scholarly repositories (e.g., Web of Science) indicate that the OU is the largest contributor to academic output in learning analytics and learning design in the world. However, despite the large uptake of learning analytics at the OU there are a range of complex issues in terms of buy-in from staff, data infrastructures, ethics and privacy, student engagement, and perhaps most importantly how to make sense of big and small data in a complex organisation like the OU. During his talk Bart will be presenting on the implementation and learnings.
"The Influence of Online Studies and Information using Learning Analytics"Fahmi Ahmed
This research will help people with inadequate knowledge to get
a better understanding of online study or e-learning. Through this
study, the social impact of online users or learners can be
increased, and the users can have a clear idea of online study. In
this research, the graphs will be presented according to country,
gender, age, online resources, etc. showing the impact of online
study and information on online users. The learners will get an
understandable knowledge of the type of sources, what is their
purpose, and resources people can use in online study. From this,
the learners will get a guide or path that how easily they can learn
online for study in a more flexible way. The outcomes are
visualized using the R language and Tableau with pre-processed
data.
RESEARCH TRENDS İN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY İN TURKEY: 2010-2018 YEAR THESIS AN...ijcax
The purpose of this research is the analysis using meta-analysis of studies in the field of Educational
Technology in Turkey and in the field is to demonstrate how to get to that trend. For this purpose, a total of
263 studies were analyzed including 98 theses and 165 articles published between 2010-2018. Purpose
sampling method was used when selecting publications. In the research, while selecting articles and theses;
Turkey addressed; YOK Tez Tarama Database, Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Education,
Educational Sciences : Theory & Practice Journal, Education and Science Journal, Elementary Education
Online Journal, The Turkish Online Journal of Education and The Turkish Online Journal of Educational
Technology used in journals. Publications have been reviewed under 11 criteria. Index, year of
publication, research scope, method, education level, sample, number of samples, data collection methods,
analysis techniques, and research tendency, research topics in Educational Technology Research in Turkey
has revealed. The data is interpreted based on percentage and frequency and the results are shown using
the table.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This is a draft of the presentation that will be given at the HEA Social Sciences annual conference - Teaching forward: the future of the Social Sciences.
For further details of the conference: http://bit.ly/1cRDx0p
Bookings open until 14 May 2014 http://bit.ly/1hzCMLR or external.events@heacademy.ac.uk
ABSTRACT
This paper provides an overview of a HEA funded project on communicating quantitative methods. The project seeks to explain how psephology - the analysis of voting data, opinion polls and similar electoral statistical data – can be used to develop active learning pedagogies. It explores how psephology can be embedded into the British Politics curriculum to introduce learners to quantitative methods and show the relevance of these approaches. The project is aimed at first year undergraduates and seeks simulate interest in data analysis as well as develop basic skills such as the ability to read tables, graphs and charts.
E-Learning Research in Asia during 1996–2018 and the Four Country Indicators....eraser Juan José Calderón
E-Learning Research in Asia during 1996–2018 and the Four Country Indicators.
Abdul Syahid
Este estudio analiza el desempeño de la investigación asiática en e-learning durante 1996–2018 a partir del número de documentos, documentos citables, citas y autocitas junto con las citas por documento y el índice de Hirsch. También mide la correlación entre los seis indicadores de investigación y los cuatro indicadores de país comúnmente asociados con el desempeño de la investigación de algunos países, es decir, el Producto Interno Bruto per cápita, el gasto en Investigación y Desarrollo junto con el número de revistas universitarias e indexadas internacionalmente. Los datos de los seis indicadores de investigación y revistas se obtuvieron de SCImago Journal y Country Rank. Mientras que los de los dos primeros indicadores de países se descargaron del Banco Mundial, los del tercero fueron de la Base de datos mundial de educación superior. Asia ocupó el tercer lugar entre las ocho regiones en los primeros cuatro indicadores de investigación, el cuarto en las citas por documento y el segundo en el índice de Hirsch. Los 28 países asiáticos fueron responsables de alrededor del 20% de más de 60 mil publicaciones mundiales de aprendizaje electrónico. Todos los indicadores de la investigación se correlacionaron significativamente con todos los indicadores del país, excepto las citas por documento. Este trabajo podría describir el patrón de desempeño de la investigación y su relación con los cuatro indicadores de país en el área de conocimiento del e-learning.
Using Learning analytics to support learners and teachers at the Open UniversityBart Rienties
In this seminar Prof Bart Rienties will reflect on how the Open University UK has become a leading institution in implementing learning analytics at scale amongst its 170K students and 5K staff. Furthermore, he will discuss how learning analytics is being adopted at other UK institutions, and what the implications for higher education might be in these Covid19 times.
https://www.kent.ac.uk/cshe/news-events.html
The Development and Factor Structure of the Faculty Perceptions of Statistics (FPS) Scale........................................ 1
Laura Taylor, Kirsten Doehler and Jessalyn Smith
Teachers who Attract or Repel: A Glimpse at Student Expectations of their Tertiary-Level Teachers .................... 21
Dr Stephen Joseph
The Effects of Goal Type, Learning Interest, and Task Difficulty on Learning English Words ................................ 32
Pengcheng Zhang and Zhe Wang, Olusola Adesope
An ICT Approach for Implementing Emerging Technologies for Teaching and Learning in Low Resource
Communities: Lessons Learnt from Namibia .................................................................................................................. 47
Shehu M and Jere N.R
Descriptive Study on Grade 2 Pupils Relationship Behavior and School Adjustment As Perceived By Teachers:
The Case of Jimma Zone, Oromia ...................................................................................................................................... 65
Fisseha Mikre and Nasser Aba-Milki
The Magnitude of Teacher Expectation Effects: Differences in Students, Teachers and Contexts ............................ 76
Zheng Li
Principles and Practices of ESP Course Design—A Case Study of a University of Science and Technology .......... 94
Chin-Ling Lee
Escalating Ability to Write Papers: To Make Use of Direct Instruction....................................................................... 106
Ismail Marzuki
Students’ Attitudes and English Language Performance in Secondary Schools in Tanzania ................................. 117
Gilman Jackson Nyamubi, Ph.D
Learning analytics adoption in Higher Education: Reviewing six years of exper...Bart Rienties
In this webinar, Prof Bart Rienties will reflect on the process of implementing learning analytics solutions within the UK higher education setting, its implications, and the key lessons learned in the process. The talk will specifically focus on the Open University UK (OU) experience of implementing learning analytics to support its 170k students and 5k staff. Its flagship OU Analyse has been hailed as one of the largest applications of predictive learning analytics at scale for the last five years, making OU one of the leading institutions in learning analytics domain. The talk will reflect on the strong connections between research and practice, educational theory and learning design, scholarship and professional development, and working in multi-disciplinary teams to explain why the OU is at the forefront of implementing learning analytics at scale. At the same time, not all innovations and interventions have worked. During this webinar, Prof Rienties will discuss the lessons learned from implementing learning analytics systems, how learning analytics has been adopted at OU and other UK institutions, and what the implications for higher education might be.
Relationship among Economic Growth, Internet Usage and Publication Productivi...University of Malaya
Relationship among Economic Growth, Internet Usage and Publication Productivity: Comparison among ASEAN and World’s Best Countries
Hossein Gholizadeh, Hadi Salehi, Mohamed Amin Embi, Mahmoud Danaee, Seyed Mohammad Motahar, Nader Ale Ebrahim, Farid Habibi Tanha, Noor Azuan Abu Osman
Abstract
Publication productivity, as measured by the number of papers, has been regarded as one of the main indicators of reputation of countries and institutions. Nevertheless, the relationship among research publications, economic growth and World Wide Web in ASEAN countries is still unclear. The main intention of this study was to identify publication productivity among ASEAN and the world’s top ten countries in the last 16 years (1996-2011). This study also aimed at finding the relationship among publication, gross domestic product (GDP) and internet usage. Furthermore, the publication trend in the 10 first Malaysian universities was evaluated for the same periods. Scopus database was used to find the overall documents, overall citations, citations per document and international collaboration from 1996 to 2011 for each country. The World Bank database (World Data Bank) was used to collect the data for GDP and the number of internet users. Moreover, to evaluate 10 top Malaysian universities, the number of published articles, conferences, reviews, and letters for the same periods was collected. The results of this study showed significant differences among ASEAN and top 10 countries regarding publication productivity. Moreover, a positive and significant relationship was observed between indices, GDP and internet usage for these countries. Surprisingly, international collaboration had a significant and negative relationship with economic growth. Malaysia had fewer citations per document (7.64) and international collaboration (36.9%) among ASEAN countries. In conclusion, international collaboration between academic institutes and researchers is influenced by economic growth and access to internet in the countries. Furthermore, publication trends in ASEAN countries are promising. However, policy makers and science managers should try to find different ways to increase the quality of the research publication and to raise citation per document.
Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.5539/mas.v8n2p160
SAAIR: Implementing learning analytics at scale in an online world: lessons l...Bart Rienties
Workshop objectives:
Explore how institutions like Open University UK have implemented learning analytics at scale. Workshop activities:
Presentation from the facilitator and interactive with questions via pollev, chat, and Zoom. Facilitator biography:
Dr. Bart Rienties is Professor of Learning Analytics and programme lead of the learning analytics and learning design research programme at the Institute of Educational Technology at the Open University UK. He leads a group of academics who provide university-wide learning analytics and learning design solutions and conduct evidence-based research of how students and professionals learn. As educational psychologist, he conducts multi-disciplinary research on work-based and collaborative learning environments and focuses on the role of social interaction in learning, which is published in leading academic journals and books. His primary research interests are focussed on Learning Analytics, Professional Development, and the role of motivation in learning. Furthermore, Bart is interested in broader internationalisation aspects of higher education. He has successfully led a range of institutional/national/European projects, and has received a range of awards for his educational innovation projects. He has published over 250 academic outputs, and is the 4th most cited author and contributor in Learning Analytics in the period 2011-2018 (Adeniji, 2019), the 5th most published author on internationalisation in the period 1900-2018 (Jing et al. 2020) and the 3rd most cited author on higher education internationalisation in Asia in the period 2013-2018 (Can & Hou, 2021), the 7th most published author on social network analysis in social sciences in the period 1999-2018 (Su et al. 2020), and the 14th most published author on educational technology in the period 2015-2018 (West & Bodily, 2020). More info at https://iet.open.ac.uk/people/bart.rienties
Keynote Data Matters JISC What is the impact? Six years of learning analytics...Bart Rienties
The Open University (OU) was an early adopter of learning analytics, and after six years has had the opportunity to reflect on the impact of large scale adoption across the institution.
Has there been an impact on student retention/progress/completion?
How are the positives (or negatives) reflected in student satisfaction surveys?
What worked, what didn't, and with this benefit of hindsight what is, or should be, next?
Social research methods and open educational resources: a literature review (...CSAPSubjectCentre
A literature review written by Kate Orton-Johnson and Ian Fairweather as part of the C-SAP (Higher Education Academy's Centre for Sociology, Anthropology and Politics) project "Discovering Collections of Social Science Open Educational Resources".
Assessment 3: Essay
Length: 1500 words
Weighting: 45%
This last assessment builds on the annotated bibliography completed as Assessment 1 and your Assessment 2 essay plan. Use the feedback from your Assessment 2 to write an essay developing an argument for or against your chosen topic. The essay choices are as already presented:
1. Educational institutions should incorporate mobile technology for the benefit of students.
1. Using social media enhances adolescent well-being.
1. Mobile technology will continue to transform health care in positive ways.
You need to:
· Take a position and argue your case with supporting evidence. You may support or argue against the topic. Include a counterargument either in a separate paragraph or within your supporting point(s).
· Remember to include at least six sources of evidence to support your argument.
· Be sure to include a reference list on a separate page, using APA referencing.
· Go through the marking criteria carefully to ensure you have addressed all the marking criteria for your essay.
Marking criteria – see over the page
Davison, C. B. Lazaros, E. J. (2015). Adopting mobile technology in the higher education classroom. Journal of Technology Studies, 41:1, 30-39. Retrieved from https://www.ebsco.com
This 2015 article looks at the discoveries from a study of an Indiana research and teaching university, focusing on the student’s practices with mobile technologies. The findings were based on, and cross examined with a previous similar study of British students that was undertaken 9 years prior. Key ideas demonstrated are the technological influence of mLearning in the tertiary education environment, carried out with intentions of providing infrastructure integration techniques and insight to educators, by identifying characteristics and patterns within the mobile technology utilization of the student body. The study touches on student perceptions of mobile learning, the most popular method of communicating and the benefits. A limitation to this study include lack of personal interviews with students to provide concurrent opinions of findings presented, and an uncertain means of accumulating data by use of an anonymous online poll. A further limitation includes lack of an in-depth explanation to the conclusion that laptops are the most preferred tool amongst the participants. The piece itself has been published in the peer-reviewed Journal of Technology Studies, which is owned by an international honor society of technology professions. In particular this article will be helpful in providing a comparison between the study a decade previously, to monitor what the sequences of mLearning in the classroom has demonstrated, and to collate with new evidence between this article and now.
Henderson, M. Selwyn, N. Aston, R. (2015). What works and why? Student perceptions of ‘useful’ digital technology in university teaching and learning. Studies in Higher Education, 42:8, 1567-1579, DOI: 10.1080/030 ...
Panagiotis Zervas and Demetrios G. Sampson, Supporting the assessment of problem solving competences through inquiry-based teaching in school science education: The Inspiring Science Education tools, Webinar Slides, eTwinning Creative Classroom Group, 28 April 2015
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Major trends in distance education research: a combination of bibliometric and thematic analyze
1. Cite as: Amoozegar, A., Khodabandelou, R., & Ale Ebrahim, N. (2018). Major trends in distance education research: a combination of
bibliometric and thematic analyze. International Journal of Information Research and Review, 5(2), 5352-5359.
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6210536.v1
MAJOR TRENDS IN DISTANCE EDUCATION RESEARCH: A COMBINATION OF BIBLIOMETRIC AND
THEMATIC ANALYZE
*1Azadeh Amoozegar, 2Rouhollah Khodabandelou and 3Nader Ale Ebrahim
1Department of Foundation Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, 43300 UPM
Serdang, Selangor,Malaysia
2Department of Education, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Alzahra University, Iran
3Centre for Research Services, Institute of Research Management and Monitoring (IPPP), University of Malaya
(UM), Jalan Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, 50603, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: Azadeh Amoozegar,
Department of Foundation Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, 43300 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
ABSTRACT
This study intends to explore the current trends in the field of distance education research catalogued in Web of Science (WoS)
database during 1980-2016. Mainly bibliographic description and social network analysis was employed to investigate the
structure and patterns of information exchanged within the field of distance education research and also to interpret the
interrelationship between keywords indicated in these articles. A total of 500 most cited articles (out of 6,141 relevant to the topic)
were reviewed to examine the impact of factors such as journal DOI and keywords on the number of citations that they received.
We also identified major trends in distance education literature including variation across publication and citation year, top
ranking of institutions and top ranking of published papers based on authors, subject area and co-authorship collaboration
between countries. Our results show that the most cited articles are from two institutions of United States and United Kingdom and
the most prolific years in terms of number of published articles and citations are 2013.We also found non-significant and very
small correlation between the number of citation and DOI number of the journals. Our study serves as a resource for future
studies by indicating how trends in distance education research have gradually developed over time and demonstrating the
characteristics of the most cited articles in this literature.
Keywords:
Online Learning, Distance Education, Bibliometric, Social Network Analysis, Trends in Distance Education, Highly cited
INTRODUCTION
Technology has influenced dramatic changes within the higher
education learning environment. According to Harasim (2000),
the invention of the Web technologies made online education
increasingly accessible, open, flexible; allowed new
pedagogical models to emerge and reasoned the revolution in
digital knowledge age that enabled greater and faster human
communication and collaboration (Bozkurt, Ozbek, et al.,
2015). In other words, with the rapid development of
technology, online instruction has emerged as an alternative
mode of teaching and learning and a substantial supplement to
traditional teaching (Tallent-Runnels et al., 2006). Historically,
distance education has always relied on technology for reaching
learners (Allan, 2004). A national survey from the Sloan
consortium reported that the majority of the faculty members in
colleges and universities viewed distance education as capable
of providing equal or superior learning experiences compared
to those from traditional classroom instruction (Chahino, 2011).
Therefore, distance education is a very popular and intriguing
area in the present realm of education (Schulte, 2011),
specially, it is providing to be a viable option in higher
education (Freitas et al., 1998). Paradigm shift in education has
resulted in: new modes of educational delivery, new learning
domains, new principles of learning, new learning processes
and outcomes and new educational roles and entities (Bozkurt,
Ozbek, et al., 2015). Hence, educators and students often
believe that using distance education promotes the concept of
“green revolution” (Lei and Gupta, 2010). Distance education
(DE) as a multidisciplinary field has reacted to these changes; it
has and is still evolving and orienting itself to fulfill this
demand. Thus, as the demands of educators and learners
evolve, it is crucial to understand and get a deeper insight of
trends and issues in DE so as to keep abreast of these constant
changes (Bozkurt, Ozbek, et al., 2015). Therefore, with the
opportunities confronting distance education, there are a
number of studies that highlights an increase of distance
programs in higher education (Boston, Diaz, Gibson, Ice,
Richardson, and Swan, 2010; Daniel, 2012; Ferguson and
DeFelice, 2010; Glassmeyer, Dibbs, and Jensen, 2011; Shea,
Vickers, and Hayes, 2010; Macon, 2011).
Through the application of quantitative and qualitative analysis,
this paper provides a mapping of publications related to
distance education, aiming to offer researchers interested about
the subject of a systematic review of the main publications,
source of scientific information, authors and geographical
origin of those studies (Zancanaro, Todesco, and Ramos, 2015).
However, bibliometric analysis which refers to combining
different frameworks, tools, and methods to study and analyze
citations of scholarly publications, has led to development of
different metrics to gain insights into the intellectual structure
of a broad academic discipline and evaluate the impact of
scientific journals, studies, and researchers according
(Akhavan, Ale Ebrahim, Fetrati, and Pezeshkan, 2016), and
literature review deals with the collecting of publications on a
2. Cite as: Amoozegar, A., Khodabandelou, R., & Ale Ebrahim, N. (2018). Major trends in distance education research: a combination of
bibliometric and thematic analyze. International Journal of Information Research and Review, 5(2), 5352-5359.
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6210536.v1
specific subject (Zancanaro et al., 2015). Hence, the recoveries
of this kind of analysis are very useful to find out research
trends in many research fields (Ming, Hui and Yuh, 2011).
Literature review analyses have been vastly adopted by prior
studies in distance education research (Means, Toyama,
Murphy, Bakia, and Jones, 2009;Bozkurt et al., 2015; Stein,
Wanstreet, and Krisch, 2011; Zawacki-Richter, 2009; Zawacki-
richter, Bäcker, and Vogt, 2009; Simonson and Schlosser,
2011). For instance, Cheng et al. (2014) presented a
bibliometric analysis of 324 articles on workplace e-learning
published in academic journals and conference proceedings
from 2000 to 2012 into four dimensions: e-learning for
continuing education and professional development, e-learning
in the healthcare sector, use of social media for e-learning, and
the integration of knowledge management with e-learning to
demonstrate a comprehensive picture and a holistic view of the
workplace e-learning domain. In addition to review analysis,
prior research has utilized other methods and approaches to
study the major trends, findings, and implications of distance
education studies. For example, Zawacki-Richter (2009)
conducted a study by using a Delphi technique to develop a
classification of research areas. Similarly, U.S. Department of
Education (2009) applied meta-analysis and review of 51
studies to provide a state-of-the-research report on the
effectiveness of online/distance education (Means, Toyama,
Murphy, Bakia, and Jones, 2009).
Although, all of these studies enhance our understanding of
distance education research, but brief overview of these works
reveals that some of reports are misleading. However, as
distance learning becoming one of the fastest growing trends in
educational uses of technology and emergence of journals such
as American Journal of Distance Education (AJDE) dedicated
to DE studies, there is a need to mirror the distance education
field to be able to understand and interpret the new dynamics,
namely distance education trends (Bozkurt, Akgun-Ozbek, et
al., 2015). Therefore, this study intend to explore the current
trends in the field of distance education research during the
period of 1980-2016 by an extensive review of Thomson
Reuter’ Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection , which is a
structured database that indexes selected publications from
various disciplines (Akhavan et al., 2016). A total of 6,141
samples of distance education publications were reviewed.
Mainly content analysis was employed to be able to analyze the
current research. Hence, according to previous research articles
published in accepted journal in the field, the main important
trends were organized into the following categories: research
topics, indicated keywords, chosen research area, number of
publication per year, theoretical/conceptual backgrounds, most
cited publications, cited references, cited authors, institutions
and countries with more publications and focused variables but
the articles reviewed do not reflect current data. Thus, the result
of this study aims to help educators and researchers spot recent
distance education trends by studying written scholarly
documents that may be useful in the exploration of potential
research areas.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Researchers use different methods to identify papers to consider
for a literature review (Ellis 1989; Ellis and Haugan, 1997):
Methods include searching in databases or search engines and
chaining from known research papers (Liyanagunawardena,
Adams, and Williams, 2013). As has been suggested by Lee,
Driscoll, and Nelson (2004), understanding trends is pivotal in
advancement of research on distance education. Qualitative and
quantitative method enables us to do this. We collected data
from the “Web of Science Core Collection” database that
includes “SCI-EXPANDED”, “SSCI”, “A&HCI”, “CPCI-S”,
and “CPCI-SSH” to include articles with an acceptable level of
quality (Akhavan et al., 2016). This paper reviewed articles
published from period 1980 until 2016, then utilized Education
Resources Information Center (ERIC) thesaurus of distance
education keywords and also used Boolean combination of
distance education to retrieve relevant articles. We identified 24
different keywords that had frequently appeared in the title of
papers in our samples and were directly related to distance
education. We based our search on this inclusive set of
keywords, which resulted in a sample of 6,141 articles:
Distance learning, online learning, distance education, online
education, virtual Learning, virtual classrooms, virtual
university, online courses, distance courses, online university,
online study, online study, web-based learning, web-based
instruction, web-based course, learning management system
(LMS), E-learning, distance based training, Internet based
training, course management system, correspondence
education, asynchronous communication, asynchronous online
class, synchronous communication.
For the purpose of this study, the software tool VOSviewer
Version 1.6.2) (van Eck and Waltman, 2010; 2013; 2014) was
used for constructing and visualizing bibliometric analysis from
titles and abstract of articles published in the WoS over the
period 1980-2016. The journals indexed in Web of Science
journal has been selected for this purpose because it covers all
scientific areas. Titles and abstracts of peer-reviewed articles
were used for the purposes of this analysis because they are
usually lexically dense and focus on the core concepts, themes
and results of research (Zawacki-Richter and Naidu, 2016).
Furthermore, we designed our measurement of the number of
citations studies have received from our sample. Thereafter, we
designed and calculated a citation index for each study as the
average number of citations per year. Then, we ranked the
studies in our sample based on this index to identify top 500
articles with highest citation index. We used this sub-sample for
our core analyses. However, for more general analyses full
sample (i.e., 6,141 studies) has been used as described in the
result section. The following discussion included two sections
to determine the scientific performances and research activity
trends. The first section dealt with number of publication and
citation in each year, top ranking of institution, author and
subject area. The other section focused on the research
emphases and trends by document type, author keywords and
characteristic of countries, as well as the correlation of Journal
DOI and number of pages with citation.
3. Cite as: Amoozegar, A., Khodabandelou, R., & Ale Ebrahim, N. (2018). Major trends in distance education research: a combination of
bibliometric and thematic analyze. International Journal of Information Research and Review, 5(2), 5352-5359.
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6210536.v1
RESULTS
The first trend that we describe is the time trend of distance
education publications and their annual citations in our sample.
The earliest research on distance education was published in
1987. Figure 1 and 2 presents the number of articles on distance
education published in each year from 1987 to 2016. The bar
chart and the interpolation line on the bars show that the
number of articles on distance education continued to increase
in general, and the field was growing and attracting more
research interests, especially during 2004-2015. During the
study period, the cumulative number of articles grew from 12 in
1987 to 624 in 2013. The number of publications in 2013
accounts for 10% of the entire sample.
Fig.1. Number of published papers in distance education
Fig.2. Citation in each year (WoS database, data retrieved on 26
July 2016 access from University of Malaya)
However, it appears that distance education has received much
attention from researchers, which leads to a rapid growth of
related papers and citations, as illustrated in Figure 1 and 2.
According to numerical data, a large amount of research papers
published during 2008-2015 have been catalogued in the web
of science database, with the distribution rate of 534(8.696),
498 (8.109), 475 (7.735), 519 (8.451), 574 (9.347), 624
(10.161), 521 (8.484), 410(6.676) respectively, against the total
number of papers indexed. Between these number of
publications there is a sudden significant surge in 2013 (624)
indicating that in a short period around 2013, distance
education topics drown much attention among online scholars.
Table 1 offers a closer look at the distribution of academic
institutions by which the indexed papers were submitted. Based
on the published studies related to distance education, England
is the most productive country. And its institution Open
University UK received the highest record of published papers
(122, 1.987% of 6141). Also, FLORIDA STATE
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM, which belongs to USA, is among the
top ten countries for publication (0.896 % of 6141).
Furthermore, among these top ten universities, four institutions
are from United States and two institutions are from England.
Table 2 offer an investigation into the authors who have written
the most papers related to distance education.
The Table reports that 0.44 % of 6141 published papers belong
to Richardson, which shows high position of publication,
followed by Deeson. E (17, 0.277), that ten times is lower than
Richardson. But the numbers of published papers by other
authors are in the same range respectively. With a view to
provide insight into the future directions of distance learning
research, the discussion now turns to the application of distance
learning. Table 3 shows the top 10 subject areas in which
distance learning is most widely utilized based on our retrieval
runs of WoS database. Among all the subject matters listed
here, Education and Educational Research takes the lead with
6107 papers (99.446) against the total of 1641 papers retrieved.
Computer science ensues, with 1769 papers recorded
(28.806).Following that, the top ranking of published papers
based on subject area is by Engineering (352), Information
Science and library Science (214; 3.485%) and Social
science(143;2.329). Referring to Figure 3, Education and
Educational Research in compare to Computer Science,
Engineering, Information Science and Library Science and
Social Science has highest rate of publication every year and
peaking in 2013, but other subject areas have slight fluctuation
between these years.
Document types
Based on our data set information, there were 6141 information
sources published in distance education area from 1980 to 2015
Table 1. The top ranking of institutions with records of publication in distance education
Institution Name Count % of 6141 Country
Open university uk 122 1.987 England
Florida state university system 55 0.896 USA
University of north carolin 47 0.765 USA
Athabasca university 46 0.749 Canada
University of london 41 0.668 England
University of south africa 37 0.603 South Africa
University system of georgia 36 0.586 USA
National distance education
Univversity (ndeu)
33 0.537 SPAIN
Anadolu university 33 0.537 TURKEY
Pennsylvania commonwealth
System of higher education pcshe
31 0.505 USA
4. Cite as: Amoozegar, A., Khodabandelou, R., & Ale Ebrahim, N. (2018). Major trends in distance education research: a combination of
bibliometric and thematic analyze. International Journal of Information Research and Review, 5(2), 5352-5359.
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6210536.v1
(Table 4) within 12 document types.
Table 2. The top ranking of published papers in distance
education based on authors
Rank Subject Area Count % of 6141
1 Richardson jte 27 0.44
2 Deeson e 17 0.277
3 Colibaba a 16 0.261
4 Cook da 15 0.244
5 Tsai cc 14 0.228
6 Harden rm 14 0.228
7 Kinshuk 13 0.212
8 Castro m 13 0.212
9 Mishra s 12 0.195
10 Chen cm 12 0.195
Table 3. The top ranking of published papers in distance
education based on subject areas
Rank Subject Area Count % of 6141
1 Education & educational research 6107 99.446
2 Computer science 1769 28.806
3 Engineering 352 5.732
4 Information science & library science 214 3.485
5 Social sciences 143 2.329
6 Health care sciences services 126 2.052
7 Business economics 125 2.035
8 Psychology 101 1.645
9 Social issues 88 1.433
10 Telecommunications 65 1.058
Fig.3. Yearly Distribution of Top 5 Subject Areas
Table 4. Document types of the distance education in the 35
selected years
Document types Number of total articles %
Proceedings paper 3597 58.57
Article 2091 34.05
Book review 341 5.55
Editorial material 96 1.56
Review 46 0.75
News item 18 0.29
Letter 16 0.26
Meeting abstract 10 0.16
Note 8 0.13
Correction 5 0.08
Discussion 1 0.01
Bibliography 1 0.01
Among them, there were 3597(58.57 per cent) proceedings
paper and 2091 (34.05 per cent) original articles which,
consequently, mean that proceedings paper articles were the
dominant document type comprising 92.62 per cent of the total
distance education literature. The next document type was book
review (n = 341; 5.55 per cent), followed by editorial material
(n = 96; 1.56 per cent), review (n = 46; 0.75 per cent).
Minimum numbers of information sources have been published
within the biographical items (n = 1; 0.01 percent) and
discussion paper (n = 1; 0.01 percent) document types.
Journal DOI and number of citations
To conduct a deeper analysis, the researchers focus on the top
500 most cited papers to investigate the relationship between
journal DOI and number of citations of articles in our sample.
Although, there is no evidence in literature to show this kind of
relationship, data analysis has been done by researcher to figure
it out. Hence, we calculated Spearman’ Rho correlation which
resulted in the value of 0.034 (p value 0.44). This non-
significant and very small correlation demonstrates that there is
no significant relationship between the number of citations and
DOI number of the journals. That is not surprising because
there is no research to show any relationship between these two
items.
Number of pages and number of citations
In this part of the research, the researchers were willing to
know whether there is a significant relationship between the
length of the publications in their sample and the number of
citations that they have received. The minimum, maximum,
mean value, and standard deviation of number of pages are 2,
60, 15.15, and 6.32, respectively. In this section, the researchers
calculated the Pearson correlation. The Pearson’s value is 0.17
(p value 0.0001), which implies a significant and positive
impact for the number of pages in a publication on the number
of citations that a study is likely to receive. The greater length
can reflect scientific complexity and rigorous methodological
quality of a publication (Ale Ebrahim et al., 2013, Falagas et al.
2013). Additionally, longer articles provide more information
that can be cited and referred to by other studies.
Keywords indicated
In this part of the study, in order to have comprehensive view
of distance education, the researchers conducted some analysis
on the most frequently used keywords in the articles. In this
study a total of 7,113 keywords were included in the study and
ranked according to their frequency of appearance in the
articles in general. The frequency count presents a descriptive
analysis of the top 40 keywords.
Hence, in order to recognize and quantify the influence and
importance of the relationship among frequently used
keywords, social network analysis (SNA) was conducted for
the top 40 keywords and a complete network model was
visualized based on their relations using centrality
distribution.Fig.4 illustrates top 40 keywords indicated in our
data set. Social network analysis is a technique that deal with
mapping and measuring of relationships between information
and knowledge processing entities and even people, groups,
organizations, computers (Bozkurt et al., 2015). Based on this
5. Cite as: Amoozegar, A., Khodabandelou, R., & Ale Ebrahim, N. (2018). Major trends in distance education research: a combination of
bibliometric and thematic analyze. International Journal of Information Research and Review, 5(2), 5352-5359.
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6210536.v1
definition, the main goal of SNA is “detecting and interpreting
patterns of social ties among actors” (De Nooy, Mrvar and
Batagelj, 2011, p. 5). A widespread SNA tool is Visualization
of Similarities (VOS) (van Eck and Waltman, 2010; 2013;
2014). The VOSviewer visualizes SNA data in various ways to
emphasize different aspects of the literature production in this
study, VOSviewer Version 1.6.2 used to create landscapes in
which keywords are colored the keyword's appearance in the
scientific literature.
As mentioned earlier, for the purpose of this study, the most
important keywords which are used in our sample were
recognized and relationships of top used keywords (nodes)
were identified. Then these nodes were tied to each other by
using VOSviewer) (van Eck and Waltman, 2010; 2013; 2014)
as SNA software. Following that, the raw data was visualized
applying centrality measure analysis. As a result of this
analysis, 40 nodes and 672 ties
(edges) were observed. Analyze the data displayed that
keywords such as “e-learning”, “learning” and “education”
appeared as crucial nodes.
Fig.4. Top 40 keywords indicated more often than others (N=7113)
Fig 5. Keywords network
6. Cite as: Amoozegar, A., Khodabandelou, R., & Ale Ebrahim, N. (2018). Major trends in distance education research: a combination of
bibliometric and thematic analyze. International Journal of Information Research and Review, 5(2), 5352-5359.
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6210536.v1
Fig.5 shows that as the circle gets bigger, the importance of
keyword will enhance also. Further, the ties display the strength
of connection between keywords which is used in articles. The
finding of this analysis confirms perivous studies findings such
as Zawacki-Richter and Anderson (2014) and Bozkurt et al.,
(2015). They also found that the majority of published research
deals with topics and issues with regard to “teaching” and
“learning” in distance education.
Characteristics of countries: To provide a comprehensive
picture of distance education research across different
countries,
Fig.6 specifies various countries based on total number of
citations that articles from each country have received. Hence,
with regard to the distribution of nationalities of the 6141
papers indexed for this research, top rated nations with the most
publications catalogued in WoS database during 1987-2016 are
elicited, as illustrated in Figure 6. According to the statistics,
the United States outnumbers all the other nations in terms of
number of papers, with a total of 926 papers (15,097%)
retrieved. It is then followed by England (526 papers; 8.565),
Romania (386 papers; 6.286), Spain (379 papers; 6.172), China
(374 papers; 6.09), Taiwan (292 papers; 4.755), Australia (256
papers; 4.169), Turkey (200 papers; 3.257), Canada (199
papers; 3.241) and Germany (169 papers; 2.752).
Fig.6. Distribution of Top 10 productive country
Fig. 7. Co-authorship collaboration between the 20 most
collaboration intensive countries
Fig. 7 presents the co-authorship collaboration between
countries. Collaboration was identified between 118 countries
and the 20 most connected countries are shown in Fig. 7. The
USA is far the most active in co-authorship collaboration (seen
from the size of the circle), while they collaborate with several
countries. As the figure shows, the frequency of co-authorship
collaboration with each country is evident from the thickness of
the line, meaning that the USA collaborates most intensively
with Canada, the People's Republic of China, Taiwan and UK
(England). Similarly, the UKis also quite active in co-
authorship collaboration. As figure shows, the collaboration is
concentrated all around the world and countries such as Spain,
Romania, Germany and Scotland collaborate very intensively
with England. In contrast, some countries, like Czech Republic,
Mexico, Malaysia, South Africa and Brazil, are showing a
smaller number of co-authorship collaboration (1 to 6).
In addition, Australia and Taiwan favored cooperation with the
People's Republic of China. Thus, the result shows that most
important countries have close collaboration with China.
DISCUSSION
Distance learning environments make intensive use of
information and communication technologies (ICTs) to
underpin the delivery of basic higher education institution
functions and are a characteristic feature of today’s educational
context. The spread of distance learning and of competence in
this field has given rise to growing concerns about the quality
of this service (Jesús and Per-, 2013). However, it is essential to
conduct qualitative and quantitative research for enabling
curriculum developers, instructors, and instructional designers
to come up with advisable strategies to create a more conducive
learning environment and provide a way to determine the future
success of students in the online environment (Gebara, 2010).
Therefore, by combining quantitative, qualitative, and graphic
techniques, educators can not only address comparability
issues, but also can increase our knowledge about teaching in
distance education courses (Schoech and Helton, 2002).
Accordingly, the purpose of our study was to conduct a
qualitative and quantitative analysis on distance education to
reveal research trends and issues in distance education
emerging from scholarly publishing in WoS database. This
study intends to present past and current situation and provides
a research direction for future research. However, after
conducting a comprehensive search process, we found 6141
relevant articles.
Then following prior studies (e.g., Akhavan et al., 2016), the
researchers focused on the most influential studies and
conducted our core analysis on the 500 most cited articles.
From the results of this study we can assume that, the number
of citations has a positive and significant relationship with
number of pages of the articles in our sample but we did not
find any significant relationship between journals DOI and
number of citations. In addition to these results, years between
2004 and 2015 have witnessed the highest number of
publication and citation in distance education articles.
Moreover, two top ranked institutions belong to UK and USA
with records of publication and the most published papers
based on subject area relate to education and educational
research followed by computer science. Finally, the most
published authors who have been presented in Table 2 are
Richardson JTE and Deeson E. The novelty of our study is
7. Cite as: Amoozegar, A., Khodabandelou, R., & Ale Ebrahim, N. (2018). Major trends in distance education research: a combination of
bibliometric and thematic analyze. International Journal of Information Research and Review, 5(2), 5352-5359.
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6210536.v1
using the application of VOSviewer) (van Eck and Waltman,
2010; 2013; 2014) to conduct analysis of most frequently used
keywords in the articles. A holistic analysis of these keywords
through social network analysis demonstrates that “e-learning”
is the major topic in the field naturally. Then “learning” and
“education” appeared as important keyword used in distance
education articles. Further, as illustrated by Table 4, only a
small number of articles in our samples are review (46, 0.75%).
In contrast, high number of publications belong to proceeding
(3597) and article (2091). Another issue which analyzed with
this application is the characteristics of countries based on
number of citations and then co-authorship collaboration
between countries. The results show that developed countries
such as US and UK produce the majority of highly published
papers of distance education, also these two countries are the
most active countries in co-authorship collaboration.
In this respect, USA collaborates most intensively with Canada,
China, Taiwan and UK. Additionally, Spain, Romania,
Germany and Scotland collaborate very intensively also with
UK. Additionally, Spain, Romania, Germany and Scotland
collaborate very intensively with UK. Several limitations of this
study can be identified to help drive future research. First, we
drew our sample from WoS to enhance the quality and
reliability of studies but there are other sources and outlets that
have been growing in recent years and are not indexed by WoS.
In fact, several distance education journals such as MERLOT
Journal of Online Learning and Teaching have not been
indexed by WoS. Therefore, in order to create consistency and
enhance the quality of studies included in our sample, we might
have missed several distance education specific outlets. Second,
we only focused on 500 most cited papers in our analysis. If we
include more studies the result, which is a viable venue for
future studies, may be changed. Third, while we identified the
relationships between some characteristics of the studies and
number of citations that they have received, we, by no means,
argue for a causation relationship. Future studies using primary
data from distance education scholars can investigate what
characteristics lead them to cite an article and compare the
results with those of our study to uncover the true causal
relationships. However, with knowledge of the past and present
data of distance education, the researchers and practitioners
would be able to foresee the future.
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