Syndrome differentiation is a method in traditional Chinese medicine to analyze and recognize disease patterns based on clinical data. It identifies the location, nature, development and condition of pathogenic factors and healthy qi. Correct differentiation is essential for effective treatment. There are various methods for differentiation, including examining yin/yang, exterior/interior, cold/heat, and deficiency/excess patterns. Deficiency patterns involve insufficient healthy qi, while excess patterns involve pathogenic factors overwhelming healthy qi. Identifying the pattern guides the principle of treatment, such as warming for cold syndrome or nourishing for deficiency.
Lingua diagnostico na MTC- MEDICINA TRADICIONAL CHINESA-ViralityMarcos Dias
Na medicina chinesa, o exame da língua é uma parte importante da propedêutica. A metodologia e os pontos de importância deste tipo de exame são: a língua deve ser exteriorizada de uma maneira ampla, com as bordas relaxadas, de forma a apresentar uma superfície convexa. Se o exame for feito à noite, deve-se usar um bom foco de luz.
É importante que nada possa alterar a cor da língua, como alimentos muito frios ou quentes, frutas corantes, enfim, nada que venha influenciar esta característica.
O Qi, Xue e Jin Ye são ao mesmo tempo base necessária ao funcionamento dos Zang Fu e o resultado de sua atividade.
Doenças dos Zang Fu podem suscitar modificações patológicas no Qi, Xue e Jin Ye.
As enfermidades de Qi, Xue e Jin Ye podem ser causa de perturbações dos Zang Fu.
O Qi, Xue e Jin Ye são ao mesmo tempo base necessária ao funcionamento dos Zang Fu e o resultado de sua atividade.
Doenças dos Zang Fu podem suscitar modificações patológicas no Qi, Xue e Jin Ye.
As enfermidades de Qi, Xue e Jin Ye podem ser causa de perturbações dos Zang Fu.
O Qi, Xue e Jin Ye são ao mesmo tempo base necessária ao funcionamento dos Zang Fu e o resultado de sua atividade.
Doenças dos Zang Fu podem suscitar modificações patológicas no Qi, Xue e Jin Ye.
As enfermidades de Qi, Xue e Jin Ye podem ser causa de perturbações dos Zang Fu.
Acupuncture originates from China and has been practiced there for thousands of years. It is really beneficial to treat diseases like Anxiety , Depression, Infertility, Weight loss , Insomnia , Asthma, Nausea, Digestive problems, Pregnancy care and many other conditions. The practitioners of Northside Acupuncture in Northern Beaches treat these problems very successfully. So If you are looking for the best Acupuncture clinic then feel free to contact us.
O Qi, Xue e Jin Ye são ao mesmo tempo base necessária ao funcionamento dos Zang Fu e o resultado de sua atividade.
Doenças dos Zang Fu podem suscitar modificações patológicas no Qi, Xue e Jin Ye.
As enfermidades de Qi, Xue e Jin Ye podem ser causa de perturbações dos Zang Fu.
Lingua diagnostico na MTC- MEDICINA TRADICIONAL CHINESA-ViralityMarcos Dias
Na medicina chinesa, o exame da língua é uma parte importante da propedêutica. A metodologia e os pontos de importância deste tipo de exame são: a língua deve ser exteriorizada de uma maneira ampla, com as bordas relaxadas, de forma a apresentar uma superfície convexa. Se o exame for feito à noite, deve-se usar um bom foco de luz.
É importante que nada possa alterar a cor da língua, como alimentos muito frios ou quentes, frutas corantes, enfim, nada que venha influenciar esta característica.
O Qi, Xue e Jin Ye são ao mesmo tempo base necessária ao funcionamento dos Zang Fu e o resultado de sua atividade.
Doenças dos Zang Fu podem suscitar modificações patológicas no Qi, Xue e Jin Ye.
As enfermidades de Qi, Xue e Jin Ye podem ser causa de perturbações dos Zang Fu.
O Qi, Xue e Jin Ye são ao mesmo tempo base necessária ao funcionamento dos Zang Fu e o resultado de sua atividade.
Doenças dos Zang Fu podem suscitar modificações patológicas no Qi, Xue e Jin Ye.
As enfermidades de Qi, Xue e Jin Ye podem ser causa de perturbações dos Zang Fu.
O Qi, Xue e Jin Ye são ao mesmo tempo base necessária ao funcionamento dos Zang Fu e o resultado de sua atividade.
Doenças dos Zang Fu podem suscitar modificações patológicas no Qi, Xue e Jin Ye.
As enfermidades de Qi, Xue e Jin Ye podem ser causa de perturbações dos Zang Fu.
Acupuncture originates from China and has been practiced there for thousands of years. It is really beneficial to treat diseases like Anxiety , Depression, Infertility, Weight loss , Insomnia , Asthma, Nausea, Digestive problems, Pregnancy care and many other conditions. The practitioners of Northside Acupuncture in Northern Beaches treat these problems very successfully. So If you are looking for the best Acupuncture clinic then feel free to contact us.
O Qi, Xue e Jin Ye são ao mesmo tempo base necessária ao funcionamento dos Zang Fu e o resultado de sua atividade.
Doenças dos Zang Fu podem suscitar modificações patológicas no Qi, Xue e Jin Ye.
As enfermidades de Qi, Xue e Jin Ye podem ser causa de perturbações dos Zang Fu.
Modern Revelations of how the "Meridians Created Us" - We have to look at the Embryological evidence instead of scientific proof for Morphogenetic Intelligence which brought us from the sperm and ovum into this world.
A acupuntura é uma técnica da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa, onde precisamos levar em conta muitos fatores ao realizar um diagnóstico.
O que é realmente importante, não é dar um nome a uma determinada patologia, mas sim identificar a causa ou causas que teriam produzido em um paciente esta ou aquela doença.
O Qi, Xue e Jin Ye são ao mesmo tempo base necessária ao funcionamento dos Zang Fu e o resultado de sua atividade.
Doenças dos Zang Fu podem suscitar modificações patológicas no Qi, Xue e Jin Ye.
As enfermidades de Qi, Xue e Jin Ye podem ser causa de perturbações dos Zang Fu.
Modern Revelations of how the "Meridians Created Us" - We have to look at the Embryological evidence instead of scientific proof for Morphogenetic Intelligence which brought us from the sperm and ovum into this world.
A acupuntura é uma técnica da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa, onde precisamos levar em conta muitos fatores ao realizar um diagnóstico.
O que é realmente importante, não é dar um nome a uma determinada patologia, mas sim identificar a causa ou causas que teriam produzido em um paciente esta ou aquela doença.
O Qi, Xue e Jin Ye são ao mesmo tempo base necessária ao funcionamento dos Zang Fu e o resultado de sua atividade.
Doenças dos Zang Fu podem suscitar modificações patológicas no Qi, Xue e Jin Ye.
As enfermidades de Qi, Xue e Jin Ye podem ser causa de perturbações dos Zang Fu.
TCM - Traditional Chinese Medicine based on TAO philosophy had given the world 'Acupuncture' and Moxibustion which are challenging Non Invasive Energy Balancing methods, and a huge ratio of the total world population (including the advanced countries) is enjoying the benefits of this treatment. At this juncture I would share the idea that this Traditional Wisdom was present in the Sangam Literature of the South of India.
In application of this Landscape Idea (the Geographical depths of the meridians in TCM), All the experts can gain more protocols for the future treatments - I have pleasure in sharing my experiences which had given me a bigger family of my treated clients.
Balancing the meridians - The ancient way to a more healthier way of life! Learn about the main meridians, their basic functions, common used acupuncture points and how we can use them to treat ourselves in our daily life!
Qigong is an ancient art over 6,000 years old, that builds health in body, mind and spirit. This talk outlines the history of Qigong, its common threads with modern science, how it tunes the body to the rhythms of Nature to cultivate health, and why it is relevant in modern times.
Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of an Aedes mosquito infected with a dengue virus. The mosquito becomes infected when it bites a person with dengue virus in their blood. It can’t be spread directly from one person to another person.In this file you will get to know the signs, symptoms, treatments and prevention technque on the dengue fever. This kind of illness and disease can be treated and cured significantly
Medical college of wasit
Department of medicine
Case sheet history
Thing to remember :-
1) Stand on the right side of the patient with good confidence .
2) Introduce yourself as a medical student not as a doctor . ( you may face difficult question ).
3) Talk the patient gently with clear comprehensible words .
4) Remember don’t hurt the patient in your speak & touch .
Student Name:
Course Name:
Assignment Due Date:
Week 3 SOAP Note
Subjective Data:
Chief Complaint: coughing, follow-up lab results.
History of Present Illness: 37 year-old- Hispanic male, , who presents to the clinic for a follow up visit on abnormal triglyceride levels that were done 2 weeks ago, and a complaint of intermittent non-productive coughing x 2 weeks with mild clear nasal drainage and watery eyes. Cough worsens at night in supine position interfering with his sleep and is decreased during the day. Denies any. Constitutional symptoms or associated symptoms such as nasal congestion, headache, dyspnea or chest pain. Does anything make it better? Any OTC remedies? That all goes below.
Medications:
Lisinopril 20 mg once a day
Simvastatin 20 mg once a day
Metformin 1000 mg twice a day
Glimepiride 4 mg once a day
OTC- Loratadine 10mg once a day
Allergies: No known drug allergies or food allergies. Has seasonal allergies during spring and summer.Possibly environmental as well.
Past Medical History: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and seasonal allergies.
Past Surgical History: No past surgical history.
Personal/Social History: smokes one pack of cigarettes per day for 7 years. Still currently smoking. Drinks alcohol on occasion. Denies any drug use. States he does not exercise regularly and is not on any special diet, but is trying to start a diet and exercise program.
Immunizations: Up-to-date. Last DTAP was 2 years ago, flu shot was in November 2012.
Family History:. His father has diabetes and hypertension. His mother has hypertension and arthritis. He has one brother, still living with no medical problems. He is single, and has no children.
Review of Systems:
General: admits he is mildly obese, no recent weight change or loss, no fever, fatigue, or weakness.
Skin: reports no rashes, mumps, sores, itching, dryness.
Eyes: No changes in vision. No vertigo. No eye pain. Has watery eyes. Need to explain positive finding using the 7 variables
Ears: No recent hearing loss. No tinnitus. No ear discharge or ear pressure.
Nose: Seasonal allergies for which he takes Claritin but has been out for two months. Now symptoms are worsening. No nasal congestion. Has mild watery clear nasal discharge intermittently for three months with occasional cough at night. No epistaxis.
Throat: Denies sore throat. No hoarseness. No bleeding gums or dry mouth.
Neck: Denies neck pain or stiffness.
Respiratory: See HPI. Non-productive cough. No hemoptysis. No wheeze.
Cardiovascular: No palpitations, chest pain, edema, shortness of breath. States having history of diet controlled hypertension. Takes periodic readings at local pharmacy and ranges 130-140 systolic and 70 to 80 systolic. Has had difficulty controlling hyperlipedimia due to diet- likes eating fried food.
Gastrointestinal: No nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.
Endocrine: History DM type 2 which is control via diet and medication. Does not recall l.
ARSENICUM IODATUM Homoeopathic materia medica slide show presentation by Dr.H...Dr.hansraj salve
ARSENICUM IODATUM Homoeopathic materia medica slide show presentation by Dr.Hansraj salve.Learn whole homoeopathic materia medica in new style with Dr.hansraj salve click on the link To start study And For daily new drug update visit to our Website – http://hmmslideshow.esy.es
Similar to Eight Principle Theory in Chinese Medicine (20)
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Time must come that mankind will finally understand the deadly mechanics of the so-called therapeutic effect or pain killing and what damage this deception has done to the human race
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The Churches are up to teaching about personal sin committed by individuals. But kept from the people is the definition of systemic sin or gang crime committed by a hierarchy or organization, who has managed to appear as legal or harmless but in reality is a wolf in sheep's clothing. The Pharmaceutical industry is a classic example.
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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2. Outline
Syndrome differentiation in TCM is a method
to analyses and recognize the syndrome of
disease.
In other words, it is also a process in which
the location, nature, occurrence and
development of a disease as well as the
condition of health Qi and pathogenic factors
are identified according to the clinical data
obtained from the four diagnostic methods.
3. From the above it becomes obvious that
syndrome differentiation is the premise
and foundation of treatment.
Correct differentiation and appropriate
treatment are the prerequisite for
achieving the hoped-for results.
4. There are a number of methods to
differentiation of syndromes in TCM,
such as
differentiation of syndromes according
to the eight principle;
differentiation of syndromes according
to the theory of Qi, blood and body fluid;
differentiation of syndromes according
to the Zang-Fu theory;
differentiation of syndromes according
to the theory of six meridians;
differentiation of syndromes according
to the theory of three jiao.
5. Each method, while having its own
features and laying stress.
They should be applied flexibly and
accurately so as to understand a
disease comprehensively,
thereby providing the basis for
treatment.
7. The eight principle syndromes
refer to Yang and Yin, exterior and
interior, cold and heat, deficiency and
excess.
Is the most important syndrome in TCM.
8. Complicated as the clinical manifestations of
diseases may be, they are classified under
the eight principles.
1. the classification of syndromes——Yin or
Yang;
2. the location of disease——exterior or interior;
3. the nature of disease——cold or heat;
4. the states of health Qi and pathogenic
factors——deficiency or excess
9. Exterior and interior
Are two principles for differentiating the
location and severity of diseases.
Exterior: the surface skin and body hair,
the muscle, the channels.
Interior: Zang-Fu organs, the blood
vessels, the bones marrow.
10. Exterior syndrome
indicates the exterior parts of body is
affected by exogenous pathogenic
factors and the disease is in its primary
stage and relatively mild.
11. Exterior syndrome
If the enemy invades
our border, our army
will go out for fight, and
then the border will
become the battlefield
at this moment.
the exterior parts of
body is affected by
exogenous pathogenic
factors and the disease
is in its primary stage
and relatively mild.
Battlefield
border
12. Exogenous pathogenic factors intrude
human body through body hair and skin,
muscle, and channels, or through mouth
and nose, characterized by rapid onset
and short duration.
13. Symptom
1. Fever, and superficial pulse, white thin
coat——a fright between health Qi and
pathogenic factors.
2. Aversion to cold ——the hindrance of the
defensive Qi fails to warm the body.
3. Nasal obstruction, nasal congestion, itching
and pain in the throat, and cough——lung is
impaired by pathogenic factors.
4. Headache——the unsmooth flow of Qi and
blood caused by pathogenic factors.
15. Interior syndrome
indicates the disease is in the interior
parts of the body, such as Zang-Fu
organs, Qi and blood, and marrow.
It is commonly seen in the intermediate
and late stages of diseases caused by
exogenous pathogenic factors or
diseases which result from internal
injury.
16. Interior syndrome
if our army are unable
to resist the enemy's
invasion, then the
enemy will invade into
our city, even the
capital, the condition is
more serious at this
time.
the disease is in the
interior parts of the
body.
Battlefield
capital
17. Symptom
Is characterized by a wide variety of
symptoms and with different disease
location.
Such as high fever, disphoria, coma,
thirst, abdominal pain, constipation, or
diarrhea, vomit, short micturition with
dark color urine, yellow or white, thick
and greasy tongue coat, deep pulse.
18. Principle of treatment
Different treatments according to the
various causative factors. Such as
1. Warm the interior
2. Clear away heat
3. Relieve constipation
4. Promote digestion
5. Reinforce Yang
19. Identification of exterior and
interior syndrome
Exterior syndrome Interior syndrome
New disease, short duration Old disease, long duration
Fever, aversion to cold, or
to wind
Fever caused by exogenous
pathogens but without aversion to
cold or to wind; or fever due to
endogenous damages
White thin tongue coat
(relatively normal)
Remarkable change in tongue and
tongue coat, e.g. yellow tongue
coat, thick and slimy coat, dark red
tongue, pale tongue, etc.
Superficial pulse Deep pulse, or full and rapid pulse,
etc.
20. Half-exterior and half-interior
syndrome
It indicates that during the penetration of
exogenous pathogenic factor from
exterior to interior,
Or the exteriorization of interior
syndrome, the pathogenic factors just
come to its half way
Disease location is neither exterior nor
interior, but in between.
21. Symptom
Alternating fever and chills, nausea,
vomit, distressing fullness in the chest
and hypochondriac region, restlessness,
bitter taste in the mouth, dry throat, no
desire for food and drink, vertigo, wiry
pulse.
22. Main points for distinguishing
exterior and interior syndrome
1. changes of cold and heat
Exterior syndrome——fever accompanied by aversion to cold
Interior syndrome——fever without aversion to cold, or
aversion to cold without fever
2. Tongue condition
Exterior syndrome——comparatively mild, and tongue coating
remains unchanged
Interior syndrome——relatively sever, with changes in the
tongue coating by the dysfunction of some Zang-Fu organs
3. Pulse condition
Exterior syndrome——superficial pulse
Interior syndrome——deep pulse
23. Heat and cold syndrome
Are two principles used to differentiate
the nature of diseases.
Heat and cold syndrome reflect the
states of Yin and Yang in the body.
Zhang Jingyue held that, “cold and heat
are mutations of Yin and Yang”.
24. Symbol of heat and cold syndrome
Heat syndrome Cold syndrome
25. Cold syndrome
is attributable to the
invasion of
pathogenic cold
factor, or depletion
of Yang, or excess
of Yin.
Cold
26. Symptom
1. Cold form, cold limbs, somber with white
complexion, curled-up recumbent posture, desire
for warmth——Yang Qi is insufficiency or
impaired by exogenous pathogenic factors and
fail to warm the organism.
2. Tasteless in the mouth——excess of Yin cold, do
not harm to body fluid, so there is not thirst.
3. Phlegm, saliva and nasal discharge, long
micturtion with clear urine, thin or watery stools —
—Yang being insufficient and incapable of
steaming the fluid.
4. Tense pulse——cold is congealing
5. Slow pulse——Yang being insufficient, not
enough strength to mobilize the circulation of Qi
and blood
27. Heat syndrome
denotes to symptom
complex that is
attributed to
invasion of
pathogenic heat, or
excess of Yang, or
depletion of Yin, or
hyperactivity of the
organism .
28. Symptom
1. Aversion to heat and preference for cold——
exuberance of Yang produce excessive heat
2. Thirst, desire for cold drink, short micturition with
dark colored urine——consumption of body fulid by
heat
3. Yellow, thick phlegm and nasal discharge——fluid
decocted by Yang heat
4. Flushed face——upflaming of fire
5. Restless——fire impaired the heart
6. Hemorrheage——fire burn the collateral veins
7. Dry stool——heat in the intestine
8. Dry tongue——Yin fulid is impaired
9. Red tongue with yellow coat, and rapid pulse——
indication of heat syndrome
29. Identification of cold and heat syndrome
Cold syndrome Heat syndrome
Aversion to cold, cold limbs,
preference for warmth
Fever, aversion to heat,
preference for cold
Testlessness, no thirst Dry mouth, thirst, desire for cold
fluid
Somber white complexion Flushed complexion, congested
eyes
Quiet Restlessness
Long micturition with clear urine Short micturition, with dark
coloured urine
Thin or watery stools Dry stools
Pale tongue with white moist coat Red tongue with yellow dry coat
Slow pulse or tense pulse Rapid pulse
30. Principle of treatment
Cold syndrome
Warm to expel cold
Heat syndrome
Clear away heat and
reduce fire
31. Main points for distinguishing
between cold and heat syndromes
Manifestation Cold syndrome Heat syndrome
Aversion to cold
or heat
Aversion to cold,
preference for heat
Aversion to heat,
preference for heat
Thirst Absence of thirst Thirst with preference
for cold drinks
Complexions Lightly pale Flushed
Four limbs Cold Warm
Stools Loose Constipation
Urine Clear and profuse Yellow and scanty
Tongue Pale tongue, white
and moist coating
Red tongue, yellow
coating
32. Deficiency and excess syndrome
Are two principles for differentiating the
states of pathogenic factors and health
Qi.
Deficiency syndrome chiefly denotes to
insufficiency of health Qi.
Excess syndrome denotes to excess of
pathogenic factors.
33. Deficiency syndromes
Include deficiency of
Yin, Yang, Qi, blood,
essence and body
fluid, Zang-Fu
organs.
Caused by
congenital
insufficiency or
postnatal
malnutrition.
Yellow river
34. There are two major types of deficiency
that are frequently observed in clinical
practice.
The etiology of deficiency is mainly the
damage of Yang and Yin.
35. 1.Yang deficiency
Impairment of Yang leads to warming,
moving, and containing dysfunction:
Manifestation: Pale or withered yellow
complexion, spiritlessness, lassitude,
palpitation, shortness of breath, cold form,
chills in the limbs, spontaneous sweat,
urinary and fecal incontinence, pale and
enlarged tongue, vacuous, deep, and slow
pulse;
Cold syndrome
36. 2.Yin deficiency
Deficiency Yin syndrome in which Yin is
damaged and unable to restrict Yang,and that
Yin fails to nourish and moisten the organism:
Manifestation: feverish, sensation in palms,
soles and chest, emaciation, flushed cheeks,
dry mouth, dry throat, night sweat, tidal fever,
red tongue with less coat, vacuous, thready
and rapid pulse.
Heat syndrome
37. Principle of treatment
Nourish the deficiency
Reinforce Yang in case of Yang
deficiency
Reinforce Yin in case of Yin deficiency
38. Excess syndrome
Is caused by attack
of exogenous
pathogenic factors
or dysfunction of the
viscera that leads to
interior retention of
phlegm, fluid,
dampness and
blood stasis.
39. Common manifestations
1. High fever——excessive heat
2. Dysphoria, coma, delirium——heat impaired the
function of the heart
3. Chest distress, abdominal distention pain that
aggravated by pressure——stagnation of Qi and
blood
4. Coarse breathing, rattling sound in the chest and
throat——accumulation of profuse phlegm block the
lung
5. Diarrhea or dribbling and pain urination, dry stools,
constipation——pathogenic dampness factor in the
body
6. repletion, forceful pulse——fierce struggle between
health Qi and pathogenic factor
7. Tongue with thick greasy coat——turbid damp
steaming up.
40. Principle of treatment
Reduce the excess
Different methods for reducing the
excess should be used depending on
different pathogenic factors.
41. Identification
Excess syndrome
Health Qi is not weak
Pathogenic factor is
strong
Conflict is fierce
Deficiency syndrome
Health Qi is weak
Pathogenic factor is
strong
pathogenic factors
prevail over health Qi
42. Main points for distinguishing between
excess and deficiency syndromes
Item Deficiency Excess
Duration of
disease
Chronic disease New disease
Constitution Weak Strong, in most
cases
Spirit Listlessness Restlessness
Voice and
breathing
Low voice, weak
breathing
Sonorous voice,
coarse breathing
Pain Alleviated by pressure Pain on pressure
Chest and
abdomen
No pain on pressure Aggravated by
pressure
Distention and
fullness
Sometimes alleviated Not alleviated
43. Fever Burning
sensation in the
chest, palms,
soles, and slight
afternoon fever
High fever
Aversion to cold Alleviated by
warmth
Not alleviated by
warmth
Tongue Flaccid with little
or no coating
Thick coating
Pulse Forceless Forceful
45. Yin and Yang (P82)
Yin and Yang is a pair of principle used
to summarize the other three pairs of
principle and are also the key principles
in the eight principles.
So the other three pairs of principles are
classified under either Yin or Yang.
46. Exterior, heat and excess syndromes are
classified into the category of Yang,
Interior, cold and deficiency syndromes fall
into the category of Yin.
47. 1.Yin syndrome
is characterized by deficiency of Yang-
Qi and excess of Yin in the body.
Different symptoms are show in
different Yin syndromes.
48. Manifestation
The Yin syndrome is a generalization of
interior, cold, and deficiency syndromes.
1. Listlessness, lassitude and low voice are the
manifestations of deficiency syndrome.
2. Cold form, chills in the limbs, absence of
thirst, ,foul stools and increased amount of
clear urine are the signs of exterior-cold.
3. Pale and enlarged tongue, deep and slow
pulse, or weak, thready and choppy pulse
indicate deficiency-cold.
49. 2.Yang syndrome
is characterized by the hyperactivity
of Yang-Qi and hyperfunctions of
the Zang-Fu organs, resulting from
excess of Yang-heat in the body.
Different symptoms are show in
different Yang syndromes.
50. Manifestation
The Yang syndrome is a generalization of
exterior, heat, and excess syndromes.
1. Aversion to cold and fever seen at the same
time are characteristics of the exterior
syndrome.
2. Flushed face, restlessness, dry mouth, desire
for drink, short micturition with dark color
urine are the manifestation of heat syndrome.
3. Loud voice, rough breathing, dry stools are
the symptoms of excess syndrome.
4. Dark red tongue with yellow dry coat, the
pulse may be superficial rapid, or full and big,
or rolling pulse indicate excess heat.
51. Differentiation between Yin and Yang
syndromes
Yin syndrome Yang syndrome
Inspection Pale or dim
complexion,
heaviness of the body,
lying in a curled-up
posture, lassitude,
listlessness, pale and
delicate tongue, moist
and slippery coating
Malar flushed face,
feverishness, preference for
cold, irritability, restlessness,
dry and cracked lips,
crimson tongue, yellow or
stale-yellow coating, even
dry, dracked, or dark and
thorny tongue
Auscultation
and olfaction
Low voice, quietness,
disinclination to talk,
weak breathing, short
breath
Sonorous voice, irritability,
polylogia, coarse and
asthmatic breathing, rattle in
the throat, shouting and
yelling
52. Differentiation between Yin and Yang
syndromes
Yin syndrome Yang syndrome
Interrogation Foul stools, loss of
appetite, tastlessness in
the mouth, absence of
irritability and thirst, or
preference for hot drinks,
and increased amounts of
clear urine or scanty urine
Dry or hard stools, or
constipation, stools
with foul smell, no
desire to eat, dry mouth,
irritability, preference
for drinking, yellow and
scanty urine
Palpation Abdominal pain alleviated
by pressure, chills, cold
feet, and deep, faint,
thready, unsmooth, and
forceless pulse
Abdominal pain
aggravated by pressure,
warm body and feet,
superficial, rapid,
smooth, and forceful
pulse
53. 3.Collapse of Yin and Yang
In a critical stage of
disease, Yin and Yang
may be exhausted
simultaneously,
Yin humor is dried up,
and Yang is collapsed,
both of them can no
longer support each
other.
Such dissociation of Yin
and Yang implies death. 0
10
20
30
40
50
normal
Yin
Yang
54. Conclusion
The eight principles are the guiding
principle for syndrome differentiation
and treatment.
55. Review
Exterior syndrome indicates the exterior parts of body
is affected by exogenous pathogenic factors and the
disease is in its primary stage and relatively mild.
Interior syndrome indicates the disease is in the
interior parts of the body.
Heat and cold syndrome reflect the states of Yin and
Yang in the body.
Deficiency syndrome chiefly denotes to insufficiency
of health Qi.
Excess syndrome denotes to excess of pathogenic
factors.
Yin and Yang is a pair of principle used to summarize
the other three pairs of principle and are also the key
principles in the eight principles.