The purpose of this study was to examine EFL students’ perceptions and attitudes towards Facebook as an educational learning tool.Participants were twenty eight undergraduate female students who experienced teaching and learning through Facebook and some classroom and face-to-face sessions. The researcher, to collect data, prepared and used two instruments; The first was face-to-face interview, while the second was Facebook Perception and Attitudes Questionnaire. Having conducted interviews, and administered the Facebook Perception and Attitudes Questionnaire, data were analyzed quantatively and qualitatively. The findings revealed that students had high and positiveperceptions of Facebook and its activities as a learning environment. Also, students had good and favourable attitudes towards using Facebook on teaching and learning.
Student-initiated Use of Facebook for Academic Learning: A Case StudyCITE
SONG, Yang (Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong)
http://citers2013.cite.hku.hk/en/paper_607.htm
---------------------------
Author(s) bear(s) the responsibility in case of any infringement of the Intellectual Property Rights of third parties.
---------------------------
CITE was notified by the author(s) that if the presentation slides contain any personal particulars, records and personal data (as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance) such as names, email addresses, photos of students, etc, the author(s) have/has obtained the corresponding person's consent.
A literature review of the impact of online social neyworking sites on student engagement and achievement; as partial completion of the Masters of Education program at menorial Univesity of Newfoundland.
The Social Media Use and the Study Habits of MillennialsAJHSSR Journal
Social media use and social networking poured internationally in the present that no academic
institutions could stop its impact on education. Researches were conducted on the impact of these technologies
and its effectivity to certain school conditions. Hence, this study aimed at describing the extent of the usage of
social media as a vehicle to the improvement of study habits of the Carolinians especially to the stratified
proportionate and randomly chosen 50 Grade Ten students of the University of San Carlos, Basic Education
Department – South Campus in Cebu City, Philippines. Descriptive survey research using simple percentage,
mean and standard deviation was done using an adapted survey questionnaire which was tested for face and
content validity. To obtain reliability, the tool was pilot tested and was proven to be reliable (α = 0.891) using
Cronbach‘s Alpha. Based on the gathered data, students spent most of their time in social networking sites
whether on a typical day (28%) or weekend (46%) and they usually do this inside their bedroom (46%) or in an
internet café (54%) outside. They usually use their mobile phones (76%) to visit social sites and the majority
(34%) received less parental support. In terms of the students‘ level of study habit, it was rated average ( x =
3.32, SD = 0.33). This means that the use of social media does not give a negative influence on the study habits
of the students in this study. Even if most of them utilized whatever available technology they have such as their
mobile phones and they spend most of their time on internet cafés, it was recommended that parental
involvement and teachers‘ wise use of technology, pedagogy, and content should be strengthened for these
partners still play a significant role in achieving success both in instruction and education.
Student-initiated Use of Facebook for Academic Learning: A Case StudyCITE
SONG, Yang (Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong)
http://citers2013.cite.hku.hk/en/paper_607.htm
---------------------------
Author(s) bear(s) the responsibility in case of any infringement of the Intellectual Property Rights of third parties.
---------------------------
CITE was notified by the author(s) that if the presentation slides contain any personal particulars, records and personal data (as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance) such as names, email addresses, photos of students, etc, the author(s) have/has obtained the corresponding person's consent.
A literature review of the impact of online social neyworking sites on student engagement and achievement; as partial completion of the Masters of Education program at menorial Univesity of Newfoundland.
The Social Media Use and the Study Habits of MillennialsAJHSSR Journal
Social media use and social networking poured internationally in the present that no academic
institutions could stop its impact on education. Researches were conducted on the impact of these technologies
and its effectivity to certain school conditions. Hence, this study aimed at describing the extent of the usage of
social media as a vehicle to the improvement of study habits of the Carolinians especially to the stratified
proportionate and randomly chosen 50 Grade Ten students of the University of San Carlos, Basic Education
Department – South Campus in Cebu City, Philippines. Descriptive survey research using simple percentage,
mean and standard deviation was done using an adapted survey questionnaire which was tested for face and
content validity. To obtain reliability, the tool was pilot tested and was proven to be reliable (α = 0.891) using
Cronbach‘s Alpha. Based on the gathered data, students spent most of their time in social networking sites
whether on a typical day (28%) or weekend (46%) and they usually do this inside their bedroom (46%) or in an
internet café (54%) outside. They usually use their mobile phones (76%) to visit social sites and the majority
(34%) received less parental support. In terms of the students‘ level of study habit, it was rated average ( x =
3.32, SD = 0.33). This means that the use of social media does not give a negative influence on the study habits
of the students in this study. Even if most of them utilized whatever available technology they have such as their
mobile phones and they spend most of their time on internet cafés, it was recommended that parental
involvement and teachers‘ wise use of technology, pedagogy, and content should be strengthened for these
partners still play a significant role in achieving success both in instruction and education.
THE SUITABILITY OF SELECTED SOCIAL MEDIA FOR LANGUAGE EDUCATIONijejournal
This study determined the factors that influence the application of social media to teaching-learning process; investigated applicable choice of social media relevant in the teaching-learning process and; determined the impact of social media on students’ language learning. Descriptive survey research design was employed. The population consist all Basics 6-9 school pupils in Osun State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was adopted. 670 pupils were sampled using stratified sampling procedure. A selfdeveloped instrument titled ‘Social Media Teach (SMT)’ with reliability coefficient of 0.762 was used to collect data. Pearson correlation and simple percentages were used in analysis. The study found the factors influencing application of social media to teaching-learning process include ease of access to learning materials (77.5%); freedom of expression (62.5%); increase interaction (language use) between peers (60%) and; improving pupils’ language skills (55%). The factors accentuated that social media has a place in language education. Study also found some social media applications appealing to learners in language education in the study area to include Google+, YouTube, WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. The study further revealed positive relationship between the integration of social media into language education and performances in school (r = 0.245, p ˂ 0.05). Study concludes that the integration of social media in language education will improve language skills, expressions and school performance at basic schools.
Facebook application is already pre-loaded in any smartphone, making it a typical conversation mode almost anytime and anywhere. Its unique feature called "Facebook group" allows anyone to post images, documents, pdf files, PowerPoint presentations, and video clips. Even polls can also be posted where members of the group can simply click their response to a given poll question. Indeed, the Facebook group is already utilized by almost any organization. Many mathematics educators have already taken advantage of its utility to deliver learning materials to their students. This research study utilized the Facebook group in the mathematics teaching-learning process and students' cooperative learning experience. It is an avenue to discuss topics and other issues relevant to their existence. The students learned a new lesson through this phenomenal and modernized communication tool. Results of the investigation are presented in this paper.
Interaction on distance education in virtual social networks a case study wit...Carolina Schmitt Nunes
Reference:
NUNES, CAROLINA SCHMITT; Palomino, Cecilia Giuffra ; NAKAYAMA, Marina Keiko ; Silveira, Ricardo Azambuja . Interaction on Distance Education in Virtual Social Networks: A Case Study with Facebook. In: Mauro Caporuscio; Fernando De la Prieta; Tania Di Mascio; Rosella Gennari; Javier Gutiérrez Rodríguez; Pierpaolo Vittorini. (Org.). Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 1ed.Berlin: Springer International Publishing, 2016, v. 478, p. 61-70.
Impact of Social Media of Student’s Academic Performanceinventionjournals
The focus of the study is to determine the effect of growing use of social media sites on the academic performance of the students of universities and colleges. On the basis of random sampling a sample of 300 students was selected. Questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection.97% questionnaire received back from respondents on which descriptive statistics apply for data analysis. Results indicate that the effect of social media can be positive as in this study closely determined the real effect of social media sites. In recent time itencourage the carrier and future of students’ .The social media sites like Facebook, twitter, Google+ .And Skype capturethe attention of students for study and affecting positively their academic Grade points.
Social media, social media pedagogy, public relations education
Carolyn Kim, Biola University
Karen Freberg, University of Louisville
Journal of Public Relations Education - JPRE Vol 2 Issue 2 2016
The major findings from the 2013 Social Media Higher Education Survey jointly conducted by Pearson Learning Solutions & The Babson Survey Research Group.
Extent of social media usage by students for improved learning in Tertiary In...iosrjce
This study was carried out to ascertain the perception of students on the use of social media for
educational purposes. It was conducted in three tertiary institutions in Rivers State. The sample comprised 200
respondents randomly selected from three tertiary institutions in Rivers State. Five research objectives and four
null hypotheses were used for the study. Mean scores, ANOVA, multiple comparison test using schaffer model,
and Correlational Analysis were the statistical tools used in the study. The study found that social media is used
in the study. The study found that social is used for educational purposes in terms of communication, sharing
and exchanging ideas with improved engagement with technology. The study also revealed that social media is
frequently used for interactions with friends for classroom assignment, communication in and outside
classroom, promoting interactions during lectures, promoting informal learning, enhance course grades,
facilitating language exchange, video conferencing, creating room for educational and video sharing. In terms
of attitude of students, respondents generally have favourable attitude towards use of social media. The study
revealed significant differences exist in social media usage across the three universities involved in the study
and significant differences exist in usage of social media between male and female respondents; and in attitude
of students towards social media. Based on these findings, the study recommend that the use of social media
should be incorporated into the curriculum for enhanced universities education.
Public relations, writing, instructors, management theory, faculty classification
Douglas F. Cannon, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Damion Waymer, University of Cincinnati
Journal of Public Relations Education - JPRE Vol 2 Issue 2 2016
Rethinking the Theories Geopoliticses for One Hegemonic Of World Power for Bricsinventionjournals
The interpretation theories of the geographical reality of the contemporary world, in front of a perspective geopolitics, in its great majority, are restricted to a model based on French traditional regionalism, in principle, based on interpretative theoretical framework of the geographical French school, of century XIX, in this sense, necessary the intellectual search is done for overcoming of this paradigm, for the interpretation of the geographical and geopolitics phenomena, in function of the new world reality, in the powers new centers perspective. Therefore, the construction still in course of a world multipolar rebounds in the new centers emergency, like BRICS, it should think then, to the new possibilities light linked to the new bias theoretical and a new interpretative action, to objectify this goal, have as point of central reflection the theories neoeurasian and meridionalista, like compensation, was boarded the theory proposition of the multi-function geographicalgeopolitics scales. The ways thrashed for that goal were: The thought organization through the interpretative methodology of the two theories, soon after, an interpretation of a new possibility, where the central point are BRICS, followed by the new interpretative possibility of the proposition of multi-function scales geopolitics and result in a new theoretical cutting and of action in the world arena for this group in function of the current theories eurasian and meridionalista only attend a partial interpretation of the world reality.
PRESENTACION DE TALLER DE OBRAS 2012
INDETERMINACION:CONSTRUIR SIN EDIFICAR
Prof: Blanca Zúñiga
Estudiantes:
katherine valenzuela
belen verdugo
hugo bravo
karen
yordana andaur
felipe figueroa
ma jesus molina
yorka parra
paz orellana
carolina olave
laura carrasco
angela zuñiga
solange gaete
juan carlos orellana
jose valladares
jose miguel rivera
yuvitza mora
claudia aviles
carolina orellana
carolina valenzuela
carolina guerra
nathalie hyde
The Impact of ICT on Students of The Preparatory Academic Unit 14 of The Auto...inventionjournals
For the following investigation was taken as study area High Academic Unit 14, belonging to the Autonomous University of Nayarit, which aims to determine the level of knowledge and management of Information Technology and Communication -ICT- by students, applying these technologies in various activities inside and outside school. Also, the collection of information involved with the lifting of 101 surveys, consisting of the following questions, 1. How old are you? 2. What is your sex? 3. Do you make use of technologies such as computer, internet, programs, email, social networks, etc.? 4. What place make use of the internet for your questions and / or tasks? 5. In providing Internet services, which often use? 6. To which social networks you connect constantly? 7. Do you think anyone can handle technological tools? 8. Which of these programs you constantly use to your academic activities? 9. The level of use of information technologies and communication - ICT- at your school is? applied to groups of first year for which the data were processed statistically using contingency tables in SPSS 19 program, obtaining as main result a moderate about knowledge and use of ICT impact.
THE SUITABILITY OF SELECTED SOCIAL MEDIA FOR LANGUAGE EDUCATIONijejournal
This study determined the factors that influence the application of social media to teaching-learning process; investigated applicable choice of social media relevant in the teaching-learning process and; determined the impact of social media on students’ language learning. Descriptive survey research design was employed. The population consist all Basics 6-9 school pupils in Osun State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was adopted. 670 pupils were sampled using stratified sampling procedure. A selfdeveloped instrument titled ‘Social Media Teach (SMT)’ with reliability coefficient of 0.762 was used to collect data. Pearson correlation and simple percentages were used in analysis. The study found the factors influencing application of social media to teaching-learning process include ease of access to learning materials (77.5%); freedom of expression (62.5%); increase interaction (language use) between peers (60%) and; improving pupils’ language skills (55%). The factors accentuated that social media has a place in language education. Study also found some social media applications appealing to learners in language education in the study area to include Google+, YouTube, WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. The study further revealed positive relationship between the integration of social media into language education and performances in school (r = 0.245, p ˂ 0.05). Study concludes that the integration of social media in language education will improve language skills, expressions and school performance at basic schools.
Facebook application is already pre-loaded in any smartphone, making it a typical conversation mode almost anytime and anywhere. Its unique feature called "Facebook group" allows anyone to post images, documents, pdf files, PowerPoint presentations, and video clips. Even polls can also be posted where members of the group can simply click their response to a given poll question. Indeed, the Facebook group is already utilized by almost any organization. Many mathematics educators have already taken advantage of its utility to deliver learning materials to their students. This research study utilized the Facebook group in the mathematics teaching-learning process and students' cooperative learning experience. It is an avenue to discuss topics and other issues relevant to their existence. The students learned a new lesson through this phenomenal and modernized communication tool. Results of the investigation are presented in this paper.
Interaction on distance education in virtual social networks a case study wit...Carolina Schmitt Nunes
Reference:
NUNES, CAROLINA SCHMITT; Palomino, Cecilia Giuffra ; NAKAYAMA, Marina Keiko ; Silveira, Ricardo Azambuja . Interaction on Distance Education in Virtual Social Networks: A Case Study with Facebook. In: Mauro Caporuscio; Fernando De la Prieta; Tania Di Mascio; Rosella Gennari; Javier Gutiérrez Rodríguez; Pierpaolo Vittorini. (Org.). Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 1ed.Berlin: Springer International Publishing, 2016, v. 478, p. 61-70.
Impact of Social Media of Student’s Academic Performanceinventionjournals
The focus of the study is to determine the effect of growing use of social media sites on the academic performance of the students of universities and colleges. On the basis of random sampling a sample of 300 students was selected. Questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection.97% questionnaire received back from respondents on which descriptive statistics apply for data analysis. Results indicate that the effect of social media can be positive as in this study closely determined the real effect of social media sites. In recent time itencourage the carrier and future of students’ .The social media sites like Facebook, twitter, Google+ .And Skype capturethe attention of students for study and affecting positively their academic Grade points.
Social media, social media pedagogy, public relations education
Carolyn Kim, Biola University
Karen Freberg, University of Louisville
Journal of Public Relations Education - JPRE Vol 2 Issue 2 2016
The major findings from the 2013 Social Media Higher Education Survey jointly conducted by Pearson Learning Solutions & The Babson Survey Research Group.
Extent of social media usage by students for improved learning in Tertiary In...iosrjce
This study was carried out to ascertain the perception of students on the use of social media for
educational purposes. It was conducted in three tertiary institutions in Rivers State. The sample comprised 200
respondents randomly selected from three tertiary institutions in Rivers State. Five research objectives and four
null hypotheses were used for the study. Mean scores, ANOVA, multiple comparison test using schaffer model,
and Correlational Analysis were the statistical tools used in the study. The study found that social media is used
in the study. The study found that social is used for educational purposes in terms of communication, sharing
and exchanging ideas with improved engagement with technology. The study also revealed that social media is
frequently used for interactions with friends for classroom assignment, communication in and outside
classroom, promoting interactions during lectures, promoting informal learning, enhance course grades,
facilitating language exchange, video conferencing, creating room for educational and video sharing. In terms
of attitude of students, respondents generally have favourable attitude towards use of social media. The study
revealed significant differences exist in social media usage across the three universities involved in the study
and significant differences exist in usage of social media between male and female respondents; and in attitude
of students towards social media. Based on these findings, the study recommend that the use of social media
should be incorporated into the curriculum for enhanced universities education.
Public relations, writing, instructors, management theory, faculty classification
Douglas F. Cannon, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Damion Waymer, University of Cincinnati
Journal of Public Relations Education - JPRE Vol 2 Issue 2 2016
Rethinking the Theories Geopoliticses for One Hegemonic Of World Power for Bricsinventionjournals
The interpretation theories of the geographical reality of the contemporary world, in front of a perspective geopolitics, in its great majority, are restricted to a model based on French traditional regionalism, in principle, based on interpretative theoretical framework of the geographical French school, of century XIX, in this sense, necessary the intellectual search is done for overcoming of this paradigm, for the interpretation of the geographical and geopolitics phenomena, in function of the new world reality, in the powers new centers perspective. Therefore, the construction still in course of a world multipolar rebounds in the new centers emergency, like BRICS, it should think then, to the new possibilities light linked to the new bias theoretical and a new interpretative action, to objectify this goal, have as point of central reflection the theories neoeurasian and meridionalista, like compensation, was boarded the theory proposition of the multi-function geographicalgeopolitics scales. The ways thrashed for that goal were: The thought organization through the interpretative methodology of the two theories, soon after, an interpretation of a new possibility, where the central point are BRICS, followed by the new interpretative possibility of the proposition of multi-function scales geopolitics and result in a new theoretical cutting and of action in the world arena for this group in function of the current theories eurasian and meridionalista only attend a partial interpretation of the world reality.
PRESENTACION DE TALLER DE OBRAS 2012
INDETERMINACION:CONSTRUIR SIN EDIFICAR
Prof: Blanca Zúñiga
Estudiantes:
katherine valenzuela
belen verdugo
hugo bravo
karen
yordana andaur
felipe figueroa
ma jesus molina
yorka parra
paz orellana
carolina olave
laura carrasco
angela zuñiga
solange gaete
juan carlos orellana
jose valladares
jose miguel rivera
yuvitza mora
claudia aviles
carolina orellana
carolina valenzuela
carolina guerra
nathalie hyde
The Impact of ICT on Students of The Preparatory Academic Unit 14 of The Auto...inventionjournals
For the following investigation was taken as study area High Academic Unit 14, belonging to the Autonomous University of Nayarit, which aims to determine the level of knowledge and management of Information Technology and Communication -ICT- by students, applying these technologies in various activities inside and outside school. Also, the collection of information involved with the lifting of 101 surveys, consisting of the following questions, 1. How old are you? 2. What is your sex? 3. Do you make use of technologies such as computer, internet, programs, email, social networks, etc.? 4. What place make use of the internet for your questions and / or tasks? 5. In providing Internet services, which often use? 6. To which social networks you connect constantly? 7. Do you think anyone can handle technological tools? 8. Which of these programs you constantly use to your academic activities? 9. The level of use of information technologies and communication - ICT- at your school is? applied to groups of first year for which the data were processed statistically using contingency tables in SPSS 19 program, obtaining as main result a moderate about knowledge and use of ICT impact.
Challenges Facing the Adoption of Information Technology in the Management of...inventionjournals
The economic growth of any country depends, to a certain degree, on the ability of the country’s business community to maximize their growth potential. One of the biggest contributors from the business community of any nation, to the nation’s economic development, is the small and medium sized enterprise (SME) sector. Studies have shown that SMEs and indeed, large and multi-national organizations can improve their productive capacity by using the benefits of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT). This paper explores how the Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the developing economies such as Nigeria can achieve their own growth through the adoption of information communication technology. This study relies on secondary data from various sources to examine the availability, accessibility and affordability to relevant ICT facilities and challenges facing SMEs in the use of information technology. The study recommends that agencies that regulate SMEs should formulate policies that will facilitate the adoption of ICT facilities by SMEs because of its potential in improving firms growth performance; SMEs owners should invest in ICT and its components because they have been proven to significantly influence organizational performance.
Contemporary Theory of Management: A Comparative Study on Quantitative Approa...inventionjournals
This study inspects the contemporary theories of management contextually quantitative approach, system approach and contingency approach since the comparison mode of the study, quantitative approach treaties with mathematical tools and methods use for managerial decision, system approach divulged the interaction and interrelationship from the contemplation of whole as a system and contingency designate not the specification or particular issues of management or organizationally but the basis on situation or contingent. This study is formulated on the historical data of the contemporary issues of management that find three streaming based on findings of the Management modern theories. By the descriptive type study of the theories, it has been tried to acquaint with the distinctive and related focuses on these theories.
Discourse and Dis-course: Revisiting Black Identity through Milkman’s Quest i...inventionjournals
: The quest for identity has been of concern to Black people in America since slavery. Oppressed and gagged, their history has always been distorted. That distortion denied Blacks’ identity and dignity. The fight they undertook had as goal to reject misconceptions and destroy stereotyped images ascribed to them. The restoring of their history in its veracity shows that Blacks have a valuable culture enabling them to analyze and understand social events that happen in their new living environment. Blacks’ culture gives a real meaning to their existence and endows them with an identity that brings them dignity and pride allowing them to express American citizenship and assert themselves
The effect of organizational culture and reward on civil servants performance...inventionjournals
This research aims at investigating the effect of organizational culture and reward on civil servants performance mediate motivation and job satisfaction. The design of this research using by survey method with a questionnaire based cross-sectional study. Simple random sampling is used in the determination of the sample with a total of 170 civil servants. Data analysis methods used in testing the hypothesis is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Organizational culture and rewards positive and significant effect on work motivation and job satisfaction, work motivation positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, further more organizational culture, reward and work motivation positive and significant effect on civil servants performance. Work motivation and job satisfaction is not as mediating variable to explain the effect of the organizational culture and rewards on the civil servants performance. The practical implications of this research by providing improved understanding of civil servants in improving the individual performance. The limitations of this study on the sample size using only civil servants, thus limiting the ability to generalize the results of the research findings. Originality of research provides basic configuration against the development of modeling by using Structural Equation Modeling and conceptual models that proved the effect of organizational culture and reward on civil servants performance using motivation and job satisfaction as a mediating variables, which in previous studies carried out partially.
Opportunities and Challenges Inherent In Technical and Vocational Schools; Co...inventionjournals
Present study is to evaluate quality and quantity of technical and vocational courses to study the present status and improve activities regarding centers' manager and employers' thoughts in Alborz province. Considering the fact that centers' manager at commence and employers at the end deal with probationers; their needs analysis and adaptation of training policies with their need is one of the important aspect of evaluation and their comments regarding students' knowledge level, acquired skill and capability in assigned tasks is important. This research has evaluated the quality and quantity of technical and vocational courses in Alborz province and girl students and graduated students success in these courses as an unofficial training system. Method of this research is qualitative and quantitative (mixed) and population for this study is technical and vocational training centers' manager and employers. Instrument of study includes a questionnaire that it is provided with Servqual model by researcher. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics, coding and SPSS software were used. Findings showed that the mean of physical services, validity, accountability, reassurance and empathy in girl technical and vocational training centers are in optimal level in centers' manager thought and whereas employers' thought different
The Implication of Financial Compensation and Performance Appraisal System to...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study is to analyze and prove the influence of the system of financial compensation and performance appraisal on job satisfaction and job motivation and its implications on the performance of employee. The research type is explanatory research. The research population is all employees of PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur. The sample in this research is 140 employees. The sampling technique is ladder population of proportional with amount of population in every stratum. The data is analyzed by using the approach of Smart Partial Least Square (SmartPLS). The research result indicates that financial compensation has an effect on job satisfaction. Financial compensation does not have an effect on job motivation. Performance appraisal system of employee has an effect on job satisfaction. Performance appraisal system of employee has an effect on job motivation. Financial compensation does not have an effect on employee performance. Performance appraisal system of employee does not have an effect on employee performance. Job satisfaction has an effect on job motivation of employee. Job satisfaction does not have an effect on employee performance. Motivation has an effect on employee performance. Performance appraisal system of employee is stronger in influencing employee performance than financial compensation. Performance appraisal system of employee that is applied by PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur can change the job climate in the company.
ssessment of the Spaces between the Developed and Undeveloped Areas in Rongo ...inventionjournals
The establishment of any urban centres is always characterised by either commercial, industrial or administrative activities. Rongo Town is one of the towns that has attracted a large population and this has led to inadequate houses for the residents and general stress in the provision of social amenities. The general objective of the study was to analyse the socio-economic impacts of Rongo urban sprawl. The specific objective of the study was to assess the spaces between the developed and undeveloped area of Rongo Town. This was important because it projected the causes of inadequate housing units in Rongo Town. Concentric Urban Theory was used to guide the study. Cross sectional design method was used in the study. Quantitative and qualitative design methods were used to give the study a structure. The target population was 27,759. From this 6,095 households were used as respondents. Primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data was collected by use of questionnaires, observation checklist, photographs and sketches. Secondary data involved written articles by experts in urban growth and information in government offices and non-governmental organisations. This data was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences which yielded descriptive and inferential statistics. This data was also analysed by content analysis through description. The spaces between the developed and undeveloped areas were found to be so large. The study recommended the construction of high density houses by filling in the spaces between the developed and undeveloped areas in Rongo Town with houses and other necessary infrastructures
Quality Assurance and Acreditation in Religious Higher Education:Indonesian C...inventionjournals
This study aims at examining whether the Higher Religious Education (Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan/PTK) as an educational sub-system in Indonesia has implemented a quality assurance system. Practically, the quality control system in the Higher Religious Education illustrates that its units have udertaken synergic and systematic performance and have completed it according to the agreed standards. In addition, they have implemented and have continuously assessed the quality indicators, and have used the results of the assessment to the quality standards as basis for policy making. In the meantime, the Religious Higher Education management has undergone proper quality management which is implemented as it should be and has become a culture. According to the study of documents, accreditation data, and the Higher Education Database (PDDIKTI), the study shows that most Religious Higher Educations have applied a good quality assurance system and have made quality control as a culture. Similarly, they have realized that the accreditation is important for the reputation of their Higher Education itself and their study programs. They have even regarded accreditation as a way to give a guarantee on their services in the terms of educational systems to students and community. Overall, the increasing awareness of quality among Higher Educations and Religious Higher Educations in Indonesia has not only started achieving national standards for Higher Education, but has also begun adopting international standards as given opportunity by the state (Indonesia).
We here try to apply the concept of Possible/Parallel Worlds from Logic, which came to our knowledge through the hands of Graham Priest, and through a French movie, to Psychiatry. We think this concept is ideal because we can make use of mathematical elements to draw theories of control, and diagnosis, and therefore also therapeutic theories. We will make use of the new model of psyche proposed by us to expand on a few items. Perhaps the best use of this paper is empowering the professionals of Psychiatry, and Psychology by providing new tools for their studies, and work. The main focus is the human psyche. In order to explain the World of God, Inner Reality, and Outer Reality, which are divisions that are obtained from applying the concept of parallel worlds to the studies on the human psyche, we end up paying a light, and perhaps, an enlightening, visit to the concepts of schizophrenia, autism, Down Syndrome, and psychopathy.
Social Representations of Learning in Mexican High School Students: A Compara...inventionjournals
The quantity of studies of social representations in the field of Education in Mexico, is still lacking, then, understanding and interpreting the images and conceptions built by the Knowledge Society is a crucial point to make a more assertiveness Teaching intervention in students. The aim of this study was to compare the social representations on Mexican High School students by using the technique and theory of Natural Semantic Network (NSN). A cross-sectional and mixed paradigm study was made, it was used the method of research-action. There were included 77Mexican students from the first and second quarter of high school, which were divided into two different groups: first quarter and second quarter (FQ and SQ). Results showed that it exists similarities between the FQ and SQ social representations about the meaning of learn, with the words: learning, school and life (FQ and SQ M value = 71,40; 38,30; 30,13). The conclusion of the study was that students share social representations about learning, in three different categories: learn as a process, school and life.
Analysis Factors of Hospital Services Quality and User Satisfactioninventionjournals
This study aims to identify the factors of service quality and user satisfaction Hospital type B in East Java and constraints the government's efforts in improving the quality of hospital services. Technique of the analysis of data in this study using descriptive analysis and factor analysis and also obtained by interview to director of hospitals. The results showed that hospital users are women with the quality of hospital services is good, but there is still an effort to improve and based on that service quality established by 5 factors; clarity of procedures, employee competence, professionalism, effectiveness and competence. While user satisfaction built by 3 factors are tangible, reliability and empathy. Constraints faced by the government in improving service quality is the limited medical and paramedical personnel, facilities and infrastructure, including the availability of medical equipment, low public awareness of service and the poor public image of hospital services.
The Affect Of Psychologıcal Contract To The Level Of Burnout Amongst The Admı...inventionjournals
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The social media use and the study habits of millennialsAJHSSR Journal
Social media use and social networking poured internationally in the present that no academic
institutions could stop its impact on education. Researches were conducted on the impact of these technologies
and its effectivity to certain school conditions. Hence, this study aimed at describing the extent of the usage of
social media as a vehicle to the improvement of study habits of the Carolinians especially to the stratified
proportionate and randomly chosen 50 Grade Ten students of the University of San Carlos, Basic Education
Department – South Campus in Cebu City, Philippines. Descriptive survey research using simple percentage,
mean and standard deviation was done using an adapted survey questionnaire which was tested for face and
content validity. To obtain reliability, the tool was pilot tested and was proven to be reliable (α = 0.891) using
Cronbach‘s Alpha. Based on the gathered data, students spent most of their time in social networking sites
whether on a typical day (28%) or weekend (46%) and they usually do this inside their bedroom (46%) or in an
internet café (54%) outside. They usually use their mobile phones (76%) to visit social sites and the majority
The Social Media Use and the Study Habits of MillennialsAJHSSR Journal
Social media use and social networking poured internationally in the present that no academic
institutions could stop its impact on education. Researches were conducted on the impact of these technologies
and its effectivity to certain school conditions. Hence, this study aimed at describing the extent of the usage of
social media as a vehicle to the improvement of study habits of the Carolinians especially to the stratified
proportionate and randomly chosen 50 Grade Ten students of the University of San Carlos, Basic Education
Department – South Campus in Cebu City, Philippines. Descriptive survey research using simple percentage,
mean and standard deviation was done using an adapted survey questionnaire which was tested for face and
content validity. To obtain reliability, the tool was pilot tested and was proven to be reliable (α = 0.891) using
Cronbach‘s Alpha. Based on the gathered data, students spent most of their time in social networking sites
whether on a typical day (28%) or weekend (46%) and they usually do this inside their bedroom (46%) or in an
internet café (54%) outside. They usually use their mobile phones (76%) to visit social sites and the majority
(34%) received less parental support. In terms of the students‘ level of study habit, it was rated average (
x =
3.32, SD = 0.33). This means that the use of social media does not give a negative influence on the study habits
of the students in this study. Even if most of them utilized whatever available technology they have such as their
mobile phones and they spend most of their time on internet cafés, it was recommended that parental
involvement and teachers‘ wise use of technology, pedagogy, and content should be strengthened for these
partners still play a significant role in achieving success both in instruction and education
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Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
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An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
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EFL Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes towards Facebook as anEducational Learning Tool
1. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714
www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 5 Issue 9||September. 2016 || PP.15-25
www.ijhssi.org 15 | Page
EFL Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes towards Facebook as
anEducational Learning Tool
Hanan Ahmed ElsayyedSanad
Ph.D. in Curricula and Instruction, Al-Ghat College of Humanities, Majmaah University
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to examine EFL students’ perceptions and attitudes towards
Facebook as an educational learning tool.Participants were twenty eight undergraduate female students who
experienced teaching and learning through Facebook and some classroom and face-to-face sessions. The
researcher, to collect data, prepared and used two instruments; The first was face-to-face interview, while the
second was Facebook Perception and Attitudes Questionnaire. Having conducted interviews, and administered
the Facebook Perception and Attitudes Questionnaire, data were analyzed quantatively and qualitatively. The
findings revealed that students had high and positiveperceptions of Facebook and its activities as a learning
environment. Also, students had good and favourable attitudes towards using Facebook on teaching and
learning.
Keywords: Facebook, e-learning,perceptions,attitudes,EFL students
I. INTRODUCTION
The rapid growth of social media, mainly due to technological factors such as increased broadband
availability, the improvement of software tools, and the development of more powerful computers and mobile
devices, has been phenomenal.Social media seem to have greatly influenced the way we teach and learn. Online
learning platform is playing an important role higher education. The maturity of Internet and emergence of
various cloud services catalyze the development of these platforms and student learning behaviour. An example
is Facebook, online social network sites, which changes the interaction, communication and interrelation of
students and their daily life.Students get used to communicate on Facebook. The phenomenon enables teachers
to think whether Facebook can be incorporated in teaching so as to facilitate student learning.
What is e-learning?
E-learningis commonly referred to the intentional use of networked information and communications
technology in teaching and learning. All definitions refer to educational processes that utilize information and
communications technology to mediate asynchronous as well as synchronous learning and teaching activities
(Naidu, 2006).Graham (2006, 3) points out that the essence of blended learning is the combination of face-to-
face instruction and computer-mediated instruction. The goal of blended learning should be to unite the best
features of in class teaching with the best features of online learning, to promote active, self-directed learning
opportunities for students.
Learning Management System (LMS)
Central to e-learning approaches are learning management systems (LMS). Phillipo and
Krongard(2016) argue that educators need a web-enabled relational database that links curriculum, instructional
resources, assessment strategies, student data, and staff proficiencies. It is also a tool that will empower teachers
to guide and manage student achievement more effectively by contextualizing the learning experience.
According to McIntosh (2015) LMSs manage learners and facilities, launch and track online learning and keep
records of the activity.
The learning process is connected and contextual. Teachers can document, record, and electronically
share classroom lessons that have been successful in achieving specific student outcomes with unique and
diverse student needs.
According to McIntosh (2015) common features of Learning Management Systems are:
1. Online course launching and tracking.
2. Classroom instruction management is included in most full-fledged corporateLMSs but not in all and is not
normally included in education LMSs.
3. Talent management includes tools for recruitment, performance management, compensation and benefits,
succession, retention and career planning.
4. Communication and collaboration (Web 2.0) tools have long been included as part of education LMSs and
more and more corporate LMSs are including them now.
2. EFL Students’ Perceptions And Attitudes TowardsFacebook as An Educational Learning Tool
www.ijhssi.org 16 | Page
Past research on online social network sites revealed that there are several benefits including the
improved student participation, social relationship, interaction, communication and facilitation. The emerge of
social networking service creates a new paradigm of internet usage. Lam (2012) reported.A reliable online
platform can facilitate the communication and interaction between that Facebook is widely adopted by people
all round the world and the number of user increases over time teacher and student and also allow student to
download learning materials and submit assignments. Thus, it is also crucial to learning success because an
ease-of-use system improves student usability in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction.
Social media in higher education:
Social media technologies have the potential to support and enhance teaching and learning in higher
education (Ajjan and Hartshorne, 2008). According to Faizi et al (2013: 50) ,a social network is an online
community that brings people with common interests, opinions, activities and experiences together by sharing
their news, photos, videos, and events. Facebook is one of the categories of social network sites.Rutherford
(2012) states that as the social features of social media resources have attracted the attention of millions of
people around the globe, these same features are also capable of drawing the attention of students to the learning
opportunities provided by their academic institutions. Students who hardly ever participatein class may get
actively engaged in co-constructing his learning experience with his teachers, collaborating with their fellow
colleagues, and may feel more comfortable to express themselves and to share their resources and ideas on
Facebook. Facebook may be used to engage or re-engage bored or shy students to become active participants or
even co-producers rather than passive consumers of content (Mc Loughlin et al, 2007 ).
Ferdig (2007) illustrated that beyond interaction with peers, social networking sites can connect
students with more knowledgeable others within students‟ zones of proximal development. According to
Mayfield (2008, 5), social media tools share most or all of the following characteristics:
1. Participation - social media encourages contributions and feedback from everyone who is interested. It blurs
the line between media and audience.
2. Openness - most social media services are open to feedback and participation. They encourage voting,
comments, and sharing of information.
3. There are rarely any barriers to accessing and making use of content
4. Password-protected content is frowned on.
5. Conversation - whereas traditional media is about “broadcast” (content transmitted or distributed to an
audience) social media is better seen as a two-way conversation.
6. Community - social media allows communities to form quickly and
7. Communicate effectively. Communities share common interests, such as a love of photography, a political
issue or a favorite TV show.
8. Connectedness - most kinds of social media thrive on their connectedness, making use of links to other
sites, resources and people.
Hrastinski (2009) argues that social media give learners a chance to manipulate their learning
environment and to participate actively in the learning process. According to Yazzie-Mint (2010), experience
has shown that instructional methods that involve working and learning with peers are the most highly rated of
all the instructional methods that teachers use. The core element of collaborativelearning is that emphasis is on
student interactions ratherthan on learning as a solitary activity.
Student engagement
Student engagement is commonly construed as having two dimensions, social and academic.Student
engagement has been identified as a significant predictor of academic performance (Astin, 1984/1999;
Pascarella&Terenzini, 2005; Zhao &Kuh, 2004). According to Wise et al (2011), There are (at least) two broad
meaning of the term engagement; the first encompasses a student„s willingness to participate in learning
activities and do what the institution asks (academic engagement), and second is an affective component which
deals with the emotional and social regard the student has toward the institution and the act of studying (social
engagement).
Facebook
Online learning platform is playing an important role higher education. The maturity of Internet and
emergence of various cloud services catalyze the development of these platforms and student learning behavior.
An example is Facebook, online social network sites, which changes the interaction, communication and
interrelation of students and their daily life. Facebook has been suggested as a vehicle for promoting academic
engagement with the digitally-proficient cohort of students (Wise et al ,2011). Previous papers indicated that the
3. EFL Students’ Perceptions And Attitudes TowardsFacebook as An Educational Learning Tool
www.ijhssi.org 17 | Page
adoption rates of Facebook in universities and colleges are remarkable - 85% of college students that have a
college network within Facebook have adopted it (Arrington, 2005; Thompson, 2007).
According to Petrovicet.al. (2012) ,Facebook as a learning tool have the following characteristics:
1. Fostering positive relationships among students and encompassing students‟ motivation and engagement.
2. Involving students in achieving the learning tasks and successful transfer of knowledge.
3. Developing a positive attitude towards learning and improving the quality of learning.
4. Developing interpersonal intelligence, as well as critical thought.
5. Developing of communications and interactions on the relationship between students and outside the
classes.
II. RELATED STUDIES
Reviewing literature in the field of the use of Facebook as an educational tool , reveals that there are
several studies conducted in social networking and Facebook as follows;
Montoneri„s (2015) study discussed the benefits of using social network in the classroom. It aims at
assessing the impact of Facebook on students' motivation and scores in a course of European Literature in a
university of central Taiwan. A class of students was taught during the first semester of academic year
2013-2014 (September-January) using a traditional way of teaching. During the second semester (February-
June 2014), the teacher used multimedia and Facebook to teach to the same students. They joined a "secret
group", that is a group in which only students from the class can join, post, view posts, like, and comment.
Montoneri (2015)conducted a study that compared various data from the first and second semester to
measure students' improvement in motivation, their participation to the group and their scores. The data
collected from the Facebook group during the whole second semester and students' evaluation of the
educator at the end of each semester. Students are expected to make some progress and teacher's evaluation
should improve. Even though Taiwanese students generally read and write in Chinese on Facebook, it is
expected that they exclusively use English to read, share, and comment texts and information concerning the
books studied during the second semester, thus increasing their chances to improve their reading and writing
skills.
Gamble and Wilkins‟ (2014) research provides insight into Japanese students‟ perceptions and attitudes
of participating in activities through Facebook for language learning. In addition, the authors discuss the overall
implications of and potential uses for Facebook in the field of second language learning and teaching. Ninety-
seven students from three private universities in Japan participated in this study. A 26-item quantitative
questionnaire using a 7-point Likert scale and an open-ended qualitative questionnaire were used in this study.
he results showed a small increase in positive attitudes toward most activities for language learning following
the completion of the study compared to prior perceptions, but there were mixed attitudes toward using
Facebook in an educational environment. Many studies support the advantages of utilizing Facebook for
language learning. Since a number of studies have already reported on Facebook‟s positive impact on student
motivation, satisfaction, and investment, the present study looked to further support this body of research
by exploring the perceptions and attitudes of students regarding Facebook and L2 learning.
Aljasir et al. (2013) undertaken as part of a wider study of Facebook usage in Saudi Arabia, uses a self-
report survey, and includes a thorough analysis of some aspects of Facebook usage by Saudi university
students. The participants were 372 students (188 male and 184 female) at one university in Saudi Arabia. A
self-reported survey was used to ask the participants where and how they like to access Facebook, the people
whom they would not want to see their Facebook profile, and the number of Facebook friends they have.
In addition, this study measures the differences between male and female university students in these
variables. The study has revealed several significant results that contribute to the current knowledge of social
network site.
Huang‟s (2012) study explored college students‟ perceptions of Facebook, focusing on their views of
Facebook as an informal learning environment, how the features of Facebook motivate students‟ learning, and
the relationship between motivation and interest triggered when using Facebook. Participants were surveyed via
an online survey program in order to examine whether their perceptions and experiences with Facebook
(Madge, Wellens, & Hooley, 2009) and how the features of Facebook motivated users‟ learning. This study
provides evidence to support the idea that interest and motivated actions on Facebook are related. For example,
students mostly read (click) posts that are related to things they are learning and therefore they are mostly self-
motivated to reply to posts in which they are interested. In addition, in support of the four-phase model of
interest development (Hidi&Renninger, 2006), students‟ positive feelings, which is interest, plays a crucial role
in developing individual interest which leads to self-regulated learning.
Hunter-Brown‟s (2012)purpose of his study was to describe how social media networks impact
secondary students when utilized as an instructional tool . The problem this study seeks to address isexploring
the roles that social media play in the lives of high school students and the experiences they encounter by
4. EFL Students’ Perceptions And Attitudes TowardsFacebook as An Educational Learning Tool
www.ijhssi.org 18 | Page
utilizing these networks academically and socially. A case study approach was utilized to evaluate the impact of
technology integration via social media networks in a secondary English classroom. The focus of the study was
to determine the academic and social impact the social media network, more specifically Facebook, has on these
students. The theoretical framework driving this study is motivational theory. Participants in this study
completed surveys and interviews and participated in a series of classroom observations. Data collected was
then used to tell the story of Facebook as an instructional tool in a secondary classroom. Findings revealed that
teacher and student perceptions aligned in relation to student behavior academically and socially when
Facebook was utilized as an instructional tool.
Context of the study:
One major challenge to be considered in the implementation of e- learning in university educationis the
adoption of social media environment in the traditional university culture. Some instructors as well as students
are against new technological advances as a replacement for face-to-face instruction that resulted in a type of
instructor resistance that should be taken into consideration. Conservative families considered social media,
especially the Facebook as a danger to societal norms because some of unethical content. Using Facebook as an
environment to enhance learning and teaching may affect students‟ perceptionsand attitudes towards e-learning
in general and social media in particular.
Aim of the study:
The main aim of the present study was to investigate EFL students‟ perceptions and attitudes towards
Facebook as an educational learning tool.
Research questions
The study attempted to find answers to the following main questions:
“What are EFL students‟ perceptions and attitudes towards Facebook as a learning tool?”
From this question, the following questions emerged:
a) What areEFL Students‟ Perceptions of Using Facebook in learning and teaching?
b) What are EFL Students‟ Perceptions of Facebook and its activities?
c) What are EFL Students‟Attitudes towardsFacebook?
Hypotheses:
1. Students hold positive perceptions towards the use of Facebook as a learning environment.
2. Students hold positive perceptions towards the use of Facebookactivities.
3. Students hold positive attitudes towards Facebook as a learning tool.
III. METHOD
1. Participants
Participants of the study consisted of a group of (28)undergraduate students from three different levels
studying three different courses. Students from Level 5, (N = 11)are studying Applied Linguistics, students
from level 6 (N =7) are studying Language evaluation and students from level seven (N = 10 )are studying
History of English language . All students are females studying English language alAlghat college of Sciences
and Humanities ,Majmaah University.
2. Instruments
A. A questionnaire on EFL students Perceptions and Attitudes towards Facebook (Appendix A).
It was adopted from Gamble and Wilkins (2014) and validated making some minor modifications as
required by jury members.
B.Interviews: Some structured interviews with EFL students were conducted (Appendix B).
Procedures:
After using the Facebook environment for three months(the second semester of the academic year
2014-2015), participants were asked to complete the Facebook perceptions and attitudes questionnaire. The
questionnaire was distributed to participants. They were asked to respond to the questionnaire after informing
that that this is very confidential. Questions were answered using a 5-point Likert scales (ranging from 1 which
means „„strongly disagree‟‟ to 5 which means „„strongly agree‟‟).This lasted for about 15 weeks. Different
Classes met face to face once a week for two hours in two courses , History of English Language and Language
evaluation and three times inApplied Linguistics. The participants used face book as their home assignments.
Facebook tasks included posting articles , videos , diagrams and responding to quizzes and discussions.
5. EFL Students’ Perceptions And Attitudes TowardsFacebook as An Educational Learning Tool
www.ijhssi.org 19 | Page
Data collection and Analysis
Descriptive analyses of the quantitative data were conducted using SPSS version 15.0 .Reliability
analysis was used to investigate the internal consistency reliability of the 37 statement items within the
questionnaire. The questionnaire had a Cronbach Alpha value of .95 indicating a high degree of reliability.
IV. RESULTS
Hypotheses
Hypothesis 1:Students hold positive perceptions towards the use of Facebook as a learning environment.
In order to present a better understanding of perceptionsof participants toward Facebook in EFL
learning and teaching, qualitative data were collected, analyzed, and interpreted. Frequency data of the
participants‟ opinions for section one about students‟ perceptions of using Facebook means and standard
deviations are shown in the following table:
Table (1): Students‟ Perceptions of Using Facebookand their means and standard deviations
Section 1: Students‟
Perceptions of Using
Facebook.
scale Strongly
Disagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
Agree
M SD Result
1 Facebook can be used
both socially and for
educational purposes
Freq.
%
0 1
3.6
1
3.6
18
64.3
8
28.6
4.18 .67
agree
2 Facebook is safe to
use both socially and
for educational
purposes.
Freq
%
0 1
3.6
1
3.6
21
75
5
17.9
4.07 .60
agree
3 Facebook is easier to
access from my
mobile phone than
my own university’s
website.
Freq
%
0 0 1
3.6
18
64.3
9
32.1
4.29 .53
Strongly
agree
4 Facebook is easier to
find school-related
information than my
own university
website
Freq
%
0 2
7.1
4
14.3
12
42.9
10
35.7
4.07 .90
agree
5 It’s easy to make
posts, upload
pictures and videos
on Facebook.
Freq
%
0 1
3.6
2
7.1
13
46.4
12
42.9
4.29 .76
Strongly
agree
6 Facebook is a good
place to keep in
contact with other
students from class
Freq
%
0 1
3.6
3
10.7
14
50
10
35.7
4.18 .77
agree
7 Facebook is a good
place to contact my
teacher outside of
class.
Freq
%
0 0 4
14.3
15
53.6
9
32.1
4.18 .67
agree
8 Facebook is a good
place to check class
notes or homework
assignments posted
by the teacher.
Freq
%
0 0 4
14.3
13
46.42
11
39.28
4.25 .70
Strongly
agree
9 Facebook is a good
place to ask for help
about homework
assignments
Freq
%
0 4
14.3
1
3.6
14
50
9
32.1
4.00 .98
agree
10 Facebook is a good
place to check for
school related
updates and notices
Freq.
%
0 4
14.3
0
0
14
50
10
35.7
4.07 .97
agree
Result of section 1 Freq.
%
0 10
3.57
18
6.42
52
18.57
93
33.21
6. EFL Students’ Perceptions And Attitudes TowardsFacebook as An Educational Learning Tool
www.ijhssi.org 20 | Page
Table(1) indicates that the means and standard deviations for the whole items are high. Students
responses varied from „agree‟ to „strongly agree‟. These results showed that most students responded positively
to using Facebook as an educational and social tool. Their responses showed that they enjoyed the use of most
of the tools of face book as downloading, uploading and discussion with classmates. Thus, the first hypothesis
was accepted.
Hypothesis2:Students hold positive perceptions towards the use of Facebookactivities .
Table (2). Means and standard deviationsof Students‟ Perceptions of Facebook Activities
Table ( 2 ) shows that students are highly interested in using Facebook as a source of classroom related
activities specially video posts and access to links . It provided them with opportunities to confer with native
speakers. Although responses ranged from agree to strongly agree, a few number of students expressed neutral
responses to items of the questionnaire. They expressed their inability to use Facebook .They may not be able to
use Facebookpreferring twitter as a social media.
Hypothesis 3: Students hold positive attitudes towards facebook as a learning tool.
Table (3):Means and standard deviations of EFL students‟ attitudes towards Facebook
Students Attitudes Towards
Facebook
scale
Strongly
Disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly
Agree
M SD
Result
20 Facebook is part of my
everyday activity
Freq
%
3
10.7
3
10.7
7
25
14
50
1
3.6
3.25 1.07
neut
ral
21 I am proud to tell people
I‟m on Facebook
Freq
%
4
14.3
3
10.7
7
25
10
35.7
4
14.3
3.25 1.26
neut
ral
22 I dedicate a part of my
daily schedule to Facebook
Freq
%
4
14.3
6
21.4
8
28.6
8
28.6
2
7.1
3.93 1.18
neut
ral
23 I feel out of touch when I
haven‟t logged on to
Facebook for awhile
Freq
%
4
14.3
4
14.3
6
21.4
13
46.4
1
3.6
3.11 1.16
neutral
24 I feel I am part of the
Facebook community
Freq
%
4
14.3
4
14.3
7
25
12
42.9
1
3.6
3.07 1.15
neut
ral
25 I would be sad if Facebook
shut down
Freq
%
2
7.1
4
14.3
1
3.6
14
50
7
25
3.71 1.21
agre
e
Section 2. Students‟
Perceptions of Activities on
Facebook
scale Strongly
Disagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
Agree M SD Result
11 Facebook is a good place to
make video posts as
assignments.
Freq
%
0 0 1
3.6
12
42.9
15
53.6
4.50 .57
Strongly
agree
12 Facebook is a good place to
read articles and take notes
to prepare for next class.
Freq
%
0 1
3.6
4
14.3
15
53.6
8
28.6
4.07 .76
agree
13 Facebook is a good place to
listen to audio files and take
notes to prepare for next
class.
Freq
%
0 1
3.6
4
14.3
13
46.4
10
35.7
4.14 .80
agree
14 Facebook is a good place to
access links to resources
provided by the teacher.
Freq
%
0 0 2
7.1
14
50
12
42.9
4.36 .62
Strongly
agree
15 Facebook is a good place to
have discussions with “guest
speakers” like international
students.
Freq
%
0 2
7.1
2
7.1
17
6.7
7
27
4.04 .79
agree
16 Facebook is a good place to
post writing assignments
like short stories or essays.
Freq
%
0 0 4
14.3
15
53.6
6 4.18 .67
Strongly
agree
17 Facebook is a good place to
peer review or peer edit
classmates‟ writing
assignments
Freq
%
0 0 5
17.9
17
6.7
6
21.4
4.04 .64
agree
18 Facebook is a good place to
watch YouTube videos and
discuss comprehension
questions with classmates.
Freq
%
0 0 3
10.7
17
6.7
8
28.6
4.18 .61
Strongly
agree
19 Facebook is a good place to
post and respond to surveys
Freq
%
0 0 4
14.3
11
39.3
13
46.4
4.32 .72
Strongly
agreeResult of section 2 0 4 29 132 79
7. EFL Students’ Perceptions And Attitudes TowardsFacebook as An Educational Learning Tool
www.ijhssi.org 21 | Page
26 Facebook for classroom
discussions is very
convenient
Freq
%
0 3
10.7
5
17.9
15
53.6
5
17.9
3.79 .876
agree
27 Facebook improved the
quality of my course
Freq
%
0 7
25
3
10.7
12
42.9
6
21.4
3.61 1.10
agre
e
28 Facebook should be
introduced in more courses
Freq
%
1
3.6
6
21.4
3
10.7
10
35.7
8
28.6
3.64 1.22
agre
e
29 Facebook changed my
overall view of the course
Freq
%
0 2
7.1
8
28.6
11
39.3
7
25
3.82 .90
agre
e
30 Facebook was well
integrated into the course
Freq
%
0 2
7.1
7
25
13
46.4
6
21.4
3.82 .86
agre
e
31 Facebook was more
effective than face to face
instruction
Freq
%
1
3.6
2
7.1
7
25
12
42.9
6
21.4
3.71 1.01
agree
32 I preferred using Facebook
over face to face instruction
Freq
%
1
3.6
4
14.3
6
21.4
11
39.3
6
21.4
3.61 1.10
agree
33 Overall experience using
Facebook was very positive
Freq
%
1
3.6
2
7.1
5
17.9
13
46.4
7
25
3.82 1.02
agree
34 I felt more connected to
fellow students using
Facebook
Freq
%
3
10.7
5
17.9
12
42.9
8
28.6
3.79 1.19
agree
35 I acquired personal or
professional growth using
Facebook
Freq
%
1
3.6
414.3 5
17.9
15
53.6
3
10.7
3.54 .99
agree
36 Facebook enabled me to
contact my instructor more
often
Freq
%
0 2
7.1
2
7.1
17
60.7
7
25
3.04 .79
neutral
37 Facebook enhanced my
experience of participation
in this course.
Freq
%
0 1
3.6
3
10.7
12
42.9
12
42.9
3.25 .79
neutral
Table (3) indicates that the means of the whole items was medium according to 5-point scale. Other
responses ranged from low to high for all items. Thus, the second hypothesis was accepted.
B. Interviews (Appendix B)
The face-to-face interviews revealed that students experienced a number of benefits from Facebook .
Their answers to the interview questions revealed that they have not used Facebook very often before having
this experience. But as soon as they learned to use it, they found it a very beneficial experience. They reported
that they spent most of their time on Facebook uploading material and reading others‟. They said that most of
the activities they participated in were sharing instructional videos, uploading PowerPoint presentations and
content material on the topics. Their responses to the interview questions revealed that the most important points
that interested them were the interaction with their classmates and the teacher. The environment was highly
motivating. Quizzes submitted were motivating too. Besides, adding new friends from their class widened their
experience as thy followed others‟ participations and shared contents. Most of students preferred using
Facebook with face-to-face lectures to face-to-face only. That is because Facebookenabled all students to
participate freely without being shy or embarrassed, thus strengthening interaction with peers. Feedback was
immediate either from teacher or from peers at any time of the day. Students also added that the use of Facebook
as a learning environment created a very positive and strong relationship with peers and teachers. They
recommended thatFacebook be used in other courses.
V. DISCUSSION
EFL students‟ perceptions and positive attitudes towards Facebook were due to the ease of use at
anyplace and at any time. It is socially easier than face-to-face classroom environment. The qualitative data
accorded with the quantitative data in answering the first question because students showed positive opinions
about the ease and safety of using Facebook socially and educationally. They assured that Facebook is a good to
contact with teachers and peers and for checking homework and notes freely. Moreover, they are always
updated with new uploads and news because of the easy access through mobile phones.
Contrary to the researcher‟s expectations because of the special nature of the Saudi context, students
showed high perceptions of using Facebook as an educational tool. At first some students said that they prefer
using Twitter and they have no idea about Facebook. But after training them on using Facebook, their
perceptions changedfinding it an easy way to avoid shyness and problems of participating face to face with
peers and teachers. These results are expressed in figure (2).
8. EFL Students’ Perceptions And Attitudes TowardsFacebook as An Educational Learning Tool
www.ijhssi.org 22 | Page
Figure (2 ) . Students‟ Perceptions of Using Facebook
Regarding the second question of the study, results revealed that EFL students‟ perceptions towards
Facebook activities including video posts, articles, audio files, online resources provided by the teacher ,
discussions and assignments and surveys. Figure (3) shows their responses to such activities.
Figure ( 3 ) Means of students‟ perceptions of activities on Facebook
Figure (3) shows that students perceptions were very high towards video posts as assignments, online
links provided by the teacher and posts and surveys. While responses to other activities such as reading articles ,
listening to audio files and discussions are extremely high.
Four students only out of 28 responded negatively to some activities such as reading articles and taking
notes and listening to audio files and sharing in discussions . These negative responses were not due to
Facebook as a learning environment but as their interview answers revealed, were due to the inability to use or
share discussions as it was new environment to them.
Posting videos were very interesting and motivating for students because they were not allowed to be
used during face to face instruction due to the limited time. They allowed students to comment , answer
questions and post their own videos as well. Regarding reading articles and writing notes to prepare for next
class, students found it a very good place to do so and to obtain immediate feedback from teacher and from
peers. It was a very good opportunity to both teacher and students to be in contact all the time especially during
the time before exams.Extra resources are very important to use. While face to face instruction does not allow
access to extra resources , Facebook environment motivated students to have an access to those resources and
share their own . They may also answer questions based on these resources. Facebook is also good to get access
9. EFL Students’ Perceptions And Attitudes TowardsFacebook as An Educational Learning Tool
www.ijhssi.org 23 | Page
to native speaker guests from other groups in the same fields. So using Facebook in sharing videos and listening
to native speakers helped greatly in developing other skills such as listening and speaking.
Regarding the third question of the present study, results showed moderateresponses towards their
attitudes towards Facebook. Figure (4) assures these results. Eleven responses out of seventeen showed that
students were actively participating. Their engagement improved the quality of their work. Also, this
engagement changed the overall views of the courses. They agreed that using Facebook environment was very
positive as it helped them connect with others anddevelop professionally.
Figure ( 4 ) Means of students‟ attitudes towards Facebook
These results are in line with previous studies such as Huang‟s Montoneri„s (2015),Johnston et al.
(2015) , Gamble and Wilkins‟ (2014),Graham (2014),Duncan and Barczyk (2013), Mims and Lanes (2013), ,
Aljasir et al. (2013), Huang (2012) and Hunter-Brown‟s (2012).Their findings, consistent with those previous
studies, confirmed students‟ good perceptions and favourable attitudes towards Facebook and its activities.
To conclude, Facebook has become a fact in our lives. So students should make the best use of it
specially as an educational tool. Program designers should pair in mind the positive effect of this online tool on
students‟ perceptions and attitudes as well as social development. They should direct it to achieve goals and
objectives of courses and programs.
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Appendix A
Facebook Perception and Attitudes Questionnaire
Please choose the answer that best reflects your view for each item. Answer each item as truthfully as
possible using the following rating scale.
Section 1: Students‟ Perceptions of Using Facebook. Strongly
Disagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
Agree
1 Facebook can be used both socially and for educational
purposes
2 Facebook is safe to use both socially and for educational
purposes.
3 Facebook is easier to access from my mobile phone than
my own university‟s website.
4 Facebook is easier to find school-related information
than my own university website
5 It‟s easy to make posts, upload pictures and videos on
Facebook.
6 Facebook is a good place to keep in contact with other
students from class
7 Facebook is a good place to contact my teacher outside
of class.
8 Facebook is a good place to check class notes or
homework assignments posted by the teacher.
9 Facebook is a good place to ask for help about
homework assignments
10 Facebook is a good place to check for school related
updates and notices
This next set of questions asks for your opinion on activities that could be done through Facebook.
Please choose the answer that best reflects your view for each item. Answer each item as truthfully as possible
using the rating scale from above.
Section 2. Students‟ Perceptions of Activities on
Facebook
Strongly
Disagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
Agree
1 Facebook is a good place to make video posts as
assignments.
2 Facebook is a good place to read articles and take notes to
prepare for next class.
3 Facebook is a good place to listen to audio files and take
notes to prepare for next class.
4 Facebook is a good place to access links to resources
provided by the teacher.
5 Facebook is a good place to have discussions with “guest
speakers” like international students.
6 Facebook is a good place to post writing assignments like
short stories or essays.
7 Facebook is a good place to peer review or peer edit
classmates‟ writing assignments
11. EFL Students’ Perceptions And Attitudes TowardsFacebook as An Educational Learning Tool
www.ijhssi.org 25 | Page
Section 3. Personal Information
21. Gender: 1. Female 2. Male
22. Year level: 1. first 2. 2nd 3.3rd 4. 4th
5. 5th
6. 6th
7.7th
8. 8th
23. I have been using Facebook for: 1. 0-2 years 2. 3-5 years 3. 6-8 years
24. How often, on average, do you access Facebook per week?
25. How frequently do you access your Group Facebook page?
Students Attitudes Towards Facebook Strongly
Disagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
Agree
1 Facebook is part of my everyday activity
2 I am proud to tell people I‟m on Facebook
3 I dedicate a part of my daily schedule to Facebook
4 I feel out of touch when I haven‟t logged on to Facebook for awhile
5 I feel I am part of the Facebook community
6 I would be sad if Facebook shut down
7 Facebook for classroom discussions is very convenient
8 Facebook improved the quality of my course
9 Facebook should be introduced in more courses
10 Facebook changed my overall view of the course
11 Facebook was well integrated into the course
12 Facebook was more effective than face to face instruction
13 I preferred using Facebook over face to face instruction
14 Overall experience using Facebook was very positive
15 I felt more connected to fellow students using Facebook
16 I acquired personal or professional growth using Facebook
17 Facebook enabled me to contact my instructor more often
18 Facebook enhanced my experience of participation in this course.
Appendix B
Interview Questions
8 Facebook is a good place to watch YouTube videos and
discuss comprehension questions with classmates.
9 Facebook is a good place to post and respond to surveys