Description of Effluent treatment plant ,its process,types of waste water discharge , Regulations And Guideline Overview , Designing of ETP , special test for tretment of water , etc

1. Presented By:
Assistant Professor
Miss. Priyanka Kandhare
Dept:-Pharmaceutical Quality
Assurance
1
EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

2. INTRODUCTION
• WATER is essential part of manufacturing industry process and
domestic use
• Water is used as coolant, solvent, in chemical based reactions
• After manufacturing process is completed, wastewater is
produced as byproduct
• This wastewater is called EFFLUENT which contain both toxic
and nontoxic materials
• Effluent cannot be disposed to environment because of the
harmful material it contains
• Here, Effluent treatment procedure comes into play.
2

3. • ETP is simple procedure to purify industrial wastewater
safely reuse to recycle it / dispose of it
 Different companies have different ETP because have different
wastewater.
3

4. Pharmaceutical wastewater contain 99.99 % water and
0.01% other material in the form of dissolved solids ( other
solids- API & drug, chemicals, solvents, oil and grease)
Therefore it is necessary to treat wastewater and purify to
recommended level because pharmaceuticals wastewater
pollutants are great source of water pollution
4

5. Types of waste water discharge
5

6. 6
ENVIRONMENT
PROTECTION AGENCY
National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination
System

7. 7
• Zero discharge - no discharge of pollutants to waters as
a result of either reuse of process water back into the
product, no water use, recycle off site or within the plant in
other processes, or disposal on or off site (e.g., by
incineration, evaporation, or deep-well injection) that does
not result in discharge to waters.
• Indirect discharge - the discharge of pollutants indirectly to
waters. ( FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT)

8. Regulations And Guideline Overview
• EPA (Environment protection Agency) promulgated the pharmaceutical
manufacturing effluent guideline and standards ( 40 CFR PAR 439) in 1976
• Amendment of the regulation in 1983, 1998, 2003
• Regulation applies to:
A. fermentation product operation
B. Extraction products operation apply to regulation
C. Domestic synthesis product operation
D. Mixing and formulation operation do not apply
E. Research operation
8

9. ACTS
• LEGAL AUTHORITY: The pharmaceutical manufacturing
category effluent limitation guideline and standard has been
finalised under clean water act 1972
• CLEAN WATER ACT : the federal water pollution control act
amendment of 1972 established a program to “ restore & maintain
the chemical, physical, biological, integrity of nation water”. To
implement the act EPA is to issue effluent limitation guidelines
9

10. DESIGNING OF ETP
A. PHYSICAL PARAMETERS
B. CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
C. BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
10

11. A. PHYSICAL PARAMETERS
• Physical property of wastewater includes: suspended solids ( soil, fibres)
Turbidity of effluent
• Temperature of WW: increase in temperature of WW lead to increase in
toxicity
11

12. B. CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
1. Total dissolved solids
2. Inorganic substance present
3. Wastewater alkalinity
4. Hardness of water
5. Nutrient availabe
6. Organic matter
7. Heavy metals
8. Fluorides and chlorides present in ww
9. Dissolved oxygen and nitrogen : increase in amount of salts lower
the % of O 2 and nitrogen
12

13. C. BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
13
• Presence of microbial pathogen in wastewater,
some microorganism survive in wastewater and can
transmit dangerous diseases like typhoid, cholera,
dysentry.
• Test for Bacteria – some are harmful and safe to
environment.
• Test for viruses and protozoa.

14. LEVELS OF ETP
14

15. 15

16. ETP PROCESS
16
1. PRELIMNARY TREATMENT:
The WW is passed through the BAR SCREEN chamber, where a FINE bar
screen is provided to remove the floating particles from WW. The water is
collected in collection tank.
2.AERATION:
Now collected water is aerated by BLOWING AIR through air blower for
24 hours , after aeration water is transferred to neutralization tank.

17. 3. NEUTRALIZATION:
In neutralization tank pH of WW is adjusted between 6-7 by adding
‘Aluminium Bisulphate’ or lime solution. If effluent is acidic then add lime
solution ( 2kg in 100 L ) if basic the add aluminium bisulphate ( 2kg in
100 L) to maintain pH and transfer to settling tank.
4. FLOCCULATION AND COAGULATON:
Flocculating agent ( alum) is added to effluent to flocculate suspended
material. Alum solution is added to the continuous mixing by aeration.
Polyelectrolyte solution is added to coagulate the flock of suspended
materials in form of SLUDGE at BOTTOM OF TANK. Effluent
transferred to septic tank.
17

18. 5. BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION:
Nutrients are added to septic tank for growth of bacteria that degrade
the organic matter of effluent. Urea and diammonium phosphate
solution is added and aerated for 24hrs and transferred to settling
tank. Sludge is seperated from settling tank and water is filtered
through activated carbon filter
6. FILTRATION:
Treated effluent is then passed through the activated carbon filter to
remove coloring material and find clean water
18

19. SPECIAL TEST FOR TREATMENT OF WATER
19

20. BOD
20

21. SAFETY MEASURES
21
• Safety in Handling of Corrosive substances such as Acids, Alkalis
General Chemicals used in Effluent Treatment:
• 1. Neutralization / pH correction: Hydrochloric acid, Sodium Hydroxide /
Lime
• 2. Coagulant / Settling Aids: Aluminium Sulphate, Ferric Aluminium
Sulphate, Ferric
• 3. Sulphate, Ferric Chloride
• 4. Nutrients: Urea, Di-ammonium Phosphate
• 5. Disinfectant: Chlorine, Bleaching Powder (Sodium Hypo-chlorite), Ozone
• 6. Adsorption / Absorption: Activated Carbon

22. PARAMETER AND LIMITS
22

23. WASTE EFFLUENT TREATMENT
23

24. ETP
24

25. CYCLE OF ETPAND RECYCLING OF WASTE WATER 25

26. References
• Environmental Protection Agency. "Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care
Products (PPCPs): Frequent Questions." U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
• A. Deegan, B Shaik. "Treatment options for wastewater effluents from
pharmaceutical companies ." International Journal of Environmental Science
& Technology . 8.3 (2011): 649-666.Environmental Protection Agency.
• Wastes-Hazardous Waste: Management of Hazardous Waste
Pharmaceuticals." United States Environmental Protection Agency.
• https://www.pharmaguideline.com
26

27. 27