This document summarizes research on mutations in the KRAS gene that are associated with various gynecological cancers. It first provides background on KRAS, describing it as a proto-oncogene involved in cell signaling pathways. It then reviews studies finding specific KRAS mutations linked to cervical cancer (e.g. G12D), ovarian cancer (e.g. G12 mutations), endometrial cancer (10-30% of cases have KRAS mutations), and breast cancer (18% of breast cancer cell lines have KRAS mutations, often at codon 12). The document concludes that focusing on KRAS variants may help early cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and guide therapeutic approaches.
This document discusses vitamin D and its potential relationship to ovarian cancer risk. It notes that vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression is higher in ovarian cancer cells than normal ovarian cells. Studies have found that vitamin D administration can inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines. The document reviews several studies that found associations between the VDR Fok1 polymorphism and increased ovarian cancer risk. In particular, there is evidence that women with the CT and TT genotypes may have higher risk. Based on these findings, the document calls for larger studies to further evaluate the relationship between the VDR Fok1 polymorphism and epithelial ovarian cancer risk, as well as measuring serum vitamin D levels in ovarian cancer patients.
The study of genetic alterations of the signal transducing molecules and their role in the development and progression of Colorectal Cancer in Kashmir Valley
A 3′-untranslated region KRAS variant and triple-negative breast cancer: a ca...UCLA
The KRAS-variant might be a genetic marker for development of triple negative breast cancer in premenopausal women, and altered gene and miRNA expression signatures should enable molecular and biological stratification of patients with this subgroup of
breast cancer.
hMSH2 Gly322Asp (rs4987188) Single nucleotide polymorphism and the risk of br...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Aim: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women both in the developed and less developed world. The reported study was designed to explore associations between hMSH2 - Gly322Asp (1032G>A, rs4987188) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the risk of breast carcinoma in the Polish women.
Material and methods: Blood samples were obtained from women with breast cancer (n=225), treated at the Department of Oncological Surgery and Breast Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute between the years 2005 and 2012. A control group included 220 cancer-free women. Genomic DNA was isolated and the SNP Gly322Asp of hMSH2 was determined by High-Resolution Melter method. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each genotype and allele.
Results: This study revealed that single nucleotide polymorphism Gly322Asp of hMSH2 is associated with both breast cancer risk and grading. Moreover, it can be linked with breast carcinoma tumor size and lymph node status. The Asp allele in patients may be a risk factor for breast carcinoma (OR 5.12; 95% CI 3.77 –6.97, p<.0001).
Conclusions: Gly322Asp single nucleotide polymorphism of hMSH2 may be a risk factor of breast cancer in the Polish women.
Austin Biochemistry is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Biochemistry.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in all the areas of Biochemistry. Austin Biochemistry accepts original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of biochemistry.
Austin Biochemistry strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Breast cancer is caused by heterogeneous tumor cells whose behavior depends on biological features. Molecular subtyping through gene expression profiling can classify tumor types, recognize hereditary implications, identify appropriate therapies, determine prognosis, and avoid unnecessary treatment. The major subtypes are luminal A/B, HER2-enriched, and basal-like, which differ in gene expression, sensitivity to therapies, and clinical outcomes. Understanding the molecular biology of breast cancer is crucial for precision medicine approaches to management.
This document discusses gene therapy as a promising treatment for breast cancer. It begins by providing background on breast cancer prevalence and current treatment options. It then describes how gene therapy could target mutated genes, cancer cell markers, block metastasis, and induce apoptosis. The document focuses on gene therapy approaches for breast cancer, including using antisense technology to inhibit pathogenic genes, RNA interference to downregulate genes like c-myc, and suicide genes to make cancer cells more sensitive to chemotherapy.
This document discusses vitamin D and its potential relationship to ovarian cancer risk. It notes that vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression is higher in ovarian cancer cells than normal ovarian cells. Studies have found that vitamin D administration can inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines. The document reviews several studies that found associations between the VDR Fok1 polymorphism and increased ovarian cancer risk. In particular, there is evidence that women with the CT and TT genotypes may have higher risk. Based on these findings, the document calls for larger studies to further evaluate the relationship between the VDR Fok1 polymorphism and epithelial ovarian cancer risk, as well as measuring serum vitamin D levels in ovarian cancer patients.
The study of genetic alterations of the signal transducing molecules and their role in the development and progression of Colorectal Cancer in Kashmir Valley
A 3′-untranslated region KRAS variant and triple-negative breast cancer: a ca...UCLA
The KRAS-variant might be a genetic marker for development of triple negative breast cancer in premenopausal women, and altered gene and miRNA expression signatures should enable molecular and biological stratification of patients with this subgroup of
breast cancer.
hMSH2 Gly322Asp (rs4987188) Single nucleotide polymorphism and the risk of br...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Aim: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women both in the developed and less developed world. The reported study was designed to explore associations between hMSH2 - Gly322Asp (1032G>A, rs4987188) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the risk of breast carcinoma in the Polish women.
Material and methods: Blood samples were obtained from women with breast cancer (n=225), treated at the Department of Oncological Surgery and Breast Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute between the years 2005 and 2012. A control group included 220 cancer-free women. Genomic DNA was isolated and the SNP Gly322Asp of hMSH2 was determined by High-Resolution Melter method. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each genotype and allele.
Results: This study revealed that single nucleotide polymorphism Gly322Asp of hMSH2 is associated with both breast cancer risk and grading. Moreover, it can be linked with breast carcinoma tumor size and lymph node status. The Asp allele in patients may be a risk factor for breast carcinoma (OR 5.12; 95% CI 3.77 –6.97, p<.0001).
Conclusions: Gly322Asp single nucleotide polymorphism of hMSH2 may be a risk factor of breast cancer in the Polish women.
Austin Biochemistry is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Biochemistry.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in all the areas of Biochemistry. Austin Biochemistry accepts original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of biochemistry.
Austin Biochemistry strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Breast cancer is caused by heterogeneous tumor cells whose behavior depends on biological features. Molecular subtyping through gene expression profiling can classify tumor types, recognize hereditary implications, identify appropriate therapies, determine prognosis, and avoid unnecessary treatment. The major subtypes are luminal A/B, HER2-enriched, and basal-like, which differ in gene expression, sensitivity to therapies, and clinical outcomes. Understanding the molecular biology of breast cancer is crucial for precision medicine approaches to management.
This document discusses gene therapy as a promising treatment for breast cancer. It begins by providing background on breast cancer prevalence and current treatment options. It then describes how gene therapy could target mutated genes, cancer cell markers, block metastasis, and induce apoptosis. The document focuses on gene therapy approaches for breast cancer, including using antisense technology to inhibit pathogenic genes, RNA interference to downregulate genes like c-myc, and suicide genes to make cancer cells more sensitive to chemotherapy.
The KRAS-Variant and miRNA Expression in RTOG Endometrial Cancer Clinical Tri...UCLA
The KRAS-variant may be a genetic marker of risk for type 2 endometrial cancers. In addition, tumor miRNA expression appears to be associated with patient age, lymphovascular invasion and the KRAS-variant, supporting the hypothesis that altered tumor biology can be measured by miRNA expression, and that the KRAS-variant likely impacts endometrial tumor biology.
This document discusses molecular profiling of breast cancer. It begins by introducing breast cancer as the most common cancer in women. It then discusses traditional classifications based on histological and clinical features. However, up to half of hormone receptor positive cancers do not respond to treatment, showing clinical classifications are insufficient. Molecular profiling uses high-throughput techniques to better understand breast cancer biology and refine classifications. Gene expression profiling has identified major molecular subtypes, like luminal A/B, HER2-positive, and basal-like. Multigene assays provide prognostic and predictive information beyond traditional clinics-pathological factors. Several common assays are discussed, including Oncotype DX, Mammaprint, and PAM50. Next generation sequencing is also discussed for
CCO Rational Options in Breast Cancer : How Molecular Understanding Informs T...Adonis Guancia
This document summarizes a presentation on rational options in breast cancer treatment informed by molecular understanding. It discusses the complexity of breast cancer at the molecular level, with every cancer being genetically unique and composed of multiple evolving clones. Standard adjuvant therapies do not fully address all the hallmarks of cancer. For HER2-positive breast cancer, the BCIRG 006 trial showed the TCH regimen of docetaxel, carboplatin and trastuzumab resulted in superior disease-free survival and fewer adverse effects compared to the AC→TH and AC→T regimens, suggesting TCH provides the best risk-benefit ratio.
EXPRESSION OF CK5 BASAL CYTOKERATIN DURING METASTATIC DEVELOPMENT OF BREAST C...ANCA MARIA CIMPEAN
Objective. Breast cancer is a one of the most common cancers in females worldwide. Basal cytokeratin CK5 represent the marker of progenitors for glandular and myoepithelial lineages of mammary epithelium. During epithelial differentiation there is a gradual decrease of CK5 expression. The purpose of this study was to compare the expression of basal cytokeratin CK5 vs hormone receptors, HER2, Ki67 and molecular subtypes immunohistochemically defined in the primary breast carcinoma of NST type and axillar lymph node metastasis. Material and Methods. We processed immunohistochemically 91 invasive breast carcinomas of NST type and their ipsilateral axillar lymph node metastasis (LNM). Results. The majority of primary tumors were evaluated as CK5 negative (78 cases/85.7%). The majority of cases were evaluated as Luminal B (50 cases/54.9%) and Luminal A (28 cases/30.8%) tumors. The HER2 subtype was confirmed in 8 cases/8.8%, 5NP in 3 cases/3.3% and Basal-like in 2 cases/2.2%. The parallel comparison of CK5 expression at both sites, primary and metastatic, revealed that this marker is not stable during metastatic progression. The molecular subtypes were not stable during metastatic process in 21 cases/23.1%. Conclusions. The majority of NST invasive ductal breast carcinomas are CK5 negative. The molecular subtypes and CK5 are not stable during metastatic process. Cancerous cells prefer to lose this marker in the lymph node environment. The presence of cases with simultaneous expression of CK5 and hormone receptors is an open field to debate the existence of other, transient molecular subtypes. We expect a further confirmation in larger study groups.
Key Words: molecular subtypes, invasive carcinoma NST type, basal cytokeratin.
This document discusses the genetics and epigenetics of breast and colorectal cancer. It outlines several high-penetrance genes associated with increased risk of breast cancer such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. It also discusses moderate and low-penetrance genes and their roles in DNA damage response pathways. For colorectal cancer, it describes hereditary syndromes like Lynch syndrome caused by mutations in mismatch repair genes and familial adenomatous polyposis caused by APC gene mutations. It concludes by briefly mentioning the role of epigenetics in cancer development.
This document discusses how tissue biomarker data can help tailor treatment pathways for colorectal cancer. It defines biomarkers and describes different types including diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and surveillance. It outlines several molecular markers analyzed in CRC like extended RAS testing, BRAF mutations, microsatellite instability, tumor location, circulating tumor DNA, HER2 amplification, fusions, consensus molecular subtypes, and circulating tumor DNA for minimal residual disease. Several molecular markers are associated with prognosis and predictive of treatment response including anti-EGFR therapies. Analyzing these tissue and blood-based biomarkers is important for precision oncology in colorectal cancer.
A germline mutation in the brca1 3'utr predicts stage iv breast cancerDavid W. Salzman
1) A variant in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the BRCA1 gene was found to predict increased risk of stage IV breast cancer.
2) In vitro luciferase assays showed the variant reduced BRCA1 expression and altered response to stimuli compared to the normal 3'UTR.
3) Analysis of breast tumor tissue found reduced BRCA1 expression in patients with the variant, and patients with the variant had a 4-fold increased risk of stage IV disease.
Vitamin D may play a role in prostate cancer development and progression. It requires metabolic activation to become biologically active. Epidemiological evidence on vitamin D's relationship to prostate cancer risk and mortality has been inconsistent, with some studies finding an inverse association and others finding no association or a positive association. While vitamin D may prevent progression of early-stage prostate cancer, there is no clear evidence it prevents prostate cancer development.
Transcriptome Analysis of Spontaneous PDFJanaya Shelly
This document summarizes an analysis of gene expression in mouse lung tumors using RNA sequencing. Five mouse lung tumors - two spontaneous and three genetically engineered - were analyzed along with normal lung tissue. The top expressing genes in each tumor type were identified and their biological functions analyzed. Spontaneous tumors were associated with homeostatic processes while engineered tumors exhibited genes related to metastasis and immune response. The study aims to gain insights into lung cancer genetics using mouse models.
Cytogenetic and Molecular Characterization of Hematological Neoplasm in an Ec...Andresz26
This study characterized the cytogenetic and molecular features of hematological malignancies in an Ecuadorian population. The researchers analyzed over 4,000 patients between 1984-2012, detecting chromosome abnormalities in around 46% via conventional cytogenetics. Specific genetic fusions were also identified, including BCR-ABL (present in 95% of CML patients as the b2/a2 transcript), PML-RARA (showing the bcr2 and bcr3 transcripts but not bcr1), CBFB-MYH11 (all cases exhibited the F transcript), and MLL-AF4 (all cases displayed the e7-e8 transcript). The frequencies of some fusion gene subtypes differed from
This document provides an overview of molecular testing in breast cancer. It discusses several tests including hormone receptor testing for ER and PR, HER2 testing, Ki67 proliferation index testing, next-generation sequencing, multi-analyte assays, and germline testing. These tests help classify breast cancer into molecular subtypes, provide prognostic information, predict response to therapies, and identify genetic predispositions. The tests utilize various methodologies like IHC, FISH, gene expression profiling, and DNA sequencing. The results of molecular testing guide treatment decisions and clinical management of breast cancer patients.
Prognostic & predictive factors of breast cancerMohammed Fathy
1) Prognostic factors provide information about a patient's outcome without treatment, while predictive factors provide information about how a patient may respond to a specific treatment.
2) Many clinical factors, pathological features, tissue markers, and genomic expression profiles can provide prognostic and predictive information for breast cancer patients.
3) Key prognostic factors include age, tumor stage, tumor size, nodal involvement, histological grade, hormone receptor status, and intrinsic subtypes. Predictive factors include hormone receptor and HER2 status.
This document summarizes research targeting metastatic triple negative breast cancer using phage display nanotechnology. Key points:
- Triple negative breast cancer, which lacks estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors, has poor survival rates and few treatment options. The goal is to target cancer stem cells that initiate metastases.
- Phage display was used to select peptide sequences that bind specifically to triple negative breast cancer cells. Over 3 rounds of selection and amplification, binding peptides were increasingly enriched.
- Isolated phage clones were sequenced to identify binding peptide sequences for further development of targeted nanomedicines to treat metastatic triple negative breast cancer. Future work will modify pre-existing cancer nanomedicines with the selected peptides.
The document discusses the molecular pathology of breast carcinoma. It describes the cellular types in the mammary gland, identification of mammary stem cells, and the epithelial cell hierarchy model. It also covers molecular classification of breast cancer, luminal and basal-like phenotypes, mechanisms of E-cadherin inactivation in lobular carcinoma, breast cancer in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer patients, and morphological and immunohistochemical features of BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast carcinomas.
This document discusses new classifications of colorectal cancer based on molecular markers and gene expression profiling. It summarizes that traditional staging is not enough to predict outcomes or therapy responses, as cancer is heterogeneous. Early classifications used markers like microsatellite instability, DNA methylation and mutations in genes like KRAS and BRAF, identifying subtypes, but had significant overlap. New research using genomic techniques like microarrays now allows a robust classification of colorectal cancer into four consensus molecular subtypes, providing a basis for personalized treatment.
This document compares risk factors and molecular analysis of right-sided colon cancer and left-sided colon cancer. It discusses that:
- Right-sided colon cancer predominantly follows a MSI pathway while left-sided colon cancer follows a CIN pathway.
- There are differences in the embryonic development, function, and gene expression between the right and left colon that influence cancer risk.
- Certain risk factors like family history, inflammatory bowel disease, diet, and geographic location are associated with increased rates of either right-sided or left-sided colon cancers.
Association of common palb2 polymorphisms with ovarian cancer a case control ...IJARIIT
Background: The partner and localizer of breast cancer 2 (PALB2) has an essential role in BRCA2 mediated DNA
double-strand break repair by serving as a bridging molecule and acting as the physical and functional link between BRCA1&
2 proteins. Truncating mutations in the PALB2 gene are rare but are thought to be associated with increased risk of developing
breast and /or ovarian cancer in different populations. The present study was designed to investigate the variants of PALB2 and
their association with OC.
Material &Methods: A total of 150 histopathologically confirmed ovarian cancer patients and 250 healthy age matched controls
were collected. Three SNPs c.2794 G/A( rs45624036), c.1010 T/C(rs45494092), and c.1676A/G(rs152451) of PALB2 gene were
selected and genotyped by ARMS-PCR followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Appropriate statistical tests were applied to test
for the significance of the results.
Results: A significant association of G/A (rs45624036) in inheritance models was observed & at the allelic level, the A allele
conferred four-fold increased risk compared to G allele. Regarding T/C (rs45494092) polymorphism all the models revealed an
association with OC and C allele showing eight-fold increased risk. With respect to A/G (rs152451) polymorphism, the protective
role was observed in tested inheritance models in OC patients.
The Haplo analysis for the combination of all the three variants revealed increased risk with A-T-A and G-C-G
haplotypes.(OR=4.50 ;95%CI 1.85-10.94;p=0.001,OR=26.36 ;95%CI 2.33 -297.91;p= 0.0085), whereas other haplotypes
conferred a protective role in OC.
Conclusions: The present study suggests an essential role of PALB2 in the etiology of ovarian cancer.
This document discusses a study analyzing the distribution of promoter hypermethylation of the p16 gene in male and female colorectal cancer patients in Kashmir, India. The study found different p16 promoter hypermethylation profiles in male and female patients, with occurrence being more frequent in males than females, though not statistically significant. Promoter hypermethylation of p16 was significantly associated with colorectal cancer in both sexes. The study aimed to contribute to understanding the role of epigenetic changes in colorectal cancer development and progression.
Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells Conditioned Media Suppress Epithelial Ovari...ijtsrd
MSC CM suppresses epithelial ovarian cancer cells in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. When ovarian cancer cells were treated with MSC CM at concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% for 72 hours, cell morphology changes were observed including cell shrinkage, debris and reduced cell numbers compared to control. MTT assays showed reduced proliferation and Annexin V testing demonstrated increased early and late apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis found an increased sub-G1 phase, indicating apoptosis. Expression of embryonic stemness genes was also progressively suppressed in cancer cells treated with MSC CM compared to control. Therefore, MSC CM has potential as an ovarian cancer inhibitor by creating new treatment modalities.
This study investigated the role of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in bladder cancer invasion and progression. The researchers found that invasive bladder cancer cells have high ILK expression, which plays a role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by regulating E-cadherin expression. Knocking down ILK in invasive bladder cancer cells suppressed cell invasion by regulating E-cadherin and MMP-9. Analysis of human bladder cancer samples also showed that high ILK expression correlates with increased invasiveness. Therefore, this study suggests that ILK is important for EMT in bladder cancer and could be a new therapeutic target to suppress tumor progression.
The KRAS-Variant and miRNA Expression in RTOG Endometrial Cancer Clinical Tri...UCLA
The KRAS-variant may be a genetic marker of risk for type 2 endometrial cancers. In addition, tumor miRNA expression appears to be associated with patient age, lymphovascular invasion and the KRAS-variant, supporting the hypothesis that altered tumor biology can be measured by miRNA expression, and that the KRAS-variant likely impacts endometrial tumor biology.
This document discusses molecular profiling of breast cancer. It begins by introducing breast cancer as the most common cancer in women. It then discusses traditional classifications based on histological and clinical features. However, up to half of hormone receptor positive cancers do not respond to treatment, showing clinical classifications are insufficient. Molecular profiling uses high-throughput techniques to better understand breast cancer biology and refine classifications. Gene expression profiling has identified major molecular subtypes, like luminal A/B, HER2-positive, and basal-like. Multigene assays provide prognostic and predictive information beyond traditional clinics-pathological factors. Several common assays are discussed, including Oncotype DX, Mammaprint, and PAM50. Next generation sequencing is also discussed for
CCO Rational Options in Breast Cancer : How Molecular Understanding Informs T...Adonis Guancia
This document summarizes a presentation on rational options in breast cancer treatment informed by molecular understanding. It discusses the complexity of breast cancer at the molecular level, with every cancer being genetically unique and composed of multiple evolving clones. Standard adjuvant therapies do not fully address all the hallmarks of cancer. For HER2-positive breast cancer, the BCIRG 006 trial showed the TCH regimen of docetaxel, carboplatin and trastuzumab resulted in superior disease-free survival and fewer adverse effects compared to the AC→TH and AC→T regimens, suggesting TCH provides the best risk-benefit ratio.
EXPRESSION OF CK5 BASAL CYTOKERATIN DURING METASTATIC DEVELOPMENT OF BREAST C...ANCA MARIA CIMPEAN
Objective. Breast cancer is a one of the most common cancers in females worldwide. Basal cytokeratin CK5 represent the marker of progenitors for glandular and myoepithelial lineages of mammary epithelium. During epithelial differentiation there is a gradual decrease of CK5 expression. The purpose of this study was to compare the expression of basal cytokeratin CK5 vs hormone receptors, HER2, Ki67 and molecular subtypes immunohistochemically defined in the primary breast carcinoma of NST type and axillar lymph node metastasis. Material and Methods. We processed immunohistochemically 91 invasive breast carcinomas of NST type and their ipsilateral axillar lymph node metastasis (LNM). Results. The majority of primary tumors were evaluated as CK5 negative (78 cases/85.7%). The majority of cases were evaluated as Luminal B (50 cases/54.9%) and Luminal A (28 cases/30.8%) tumors. The HER2 subtype was confirmed in 8 cases/8.8%, 5NP in 3 cases/3.3% and Basal-like in 2 cases/2.2%. The parallel comparison of CK5 expression at both sites, primary and metastatic, revealed that this marker is not stable during metastatic progression. The molecular subtypes were not stable during metastatic process in 21 cases/23.1%. Conclusions. The majority of NST invasive ductal breast carcinomas are CK5 negative. The molecular subtypes and CK5 are not stable during metastatic process. Cancerous cells prefer to lose this marker in the lymph node environment. The presence of cases with simultaneous expression of CK5 and hormone receptors is an open field to debate the existence of other, transient molecular subtypes. We expect a further confirmation in larger study groups.
Key Words: molecular subtypes, invasive carcinoma NST type, basal cytokeratin.
This document discusses the genetics and epigenetics of breast and colorectal cancer. It outlines several high-penetrance genes associated with increased risk of breast cancer such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. It also discusses moderate and low-penetrance genes and their roles in DNA damage response pathways. For colorectal cancer, it describes hereditary syndromes like Lynch syndrome caused by mutations in mismatch repair genes and familial adenomatous polyposis caused by APC gene mutations. It concludes by briefly mentioning the role of epigenetics in cancer development.
This document discusses how tissue biomarker data can help tailor treatment pathways for colorectal cancer. It defines biomarkers and describes different types including diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and surveillance. It outlines several molecular markers analyzed in CRC like extended RAS testing, BRAF mutations, microsatellite instability, tumor location, circulating tumor DNA, HER2 amplification, fusions, consensus molecular subtypes, and circulating tumor DNA for minimal residual disease. Several molecular markers are associated with prognosis and predictive of treatment response including anti-EGFR therapies. Analyzing these tissue and blood-based biomarkers is important for precision oncology in colorectal cancer.
A germline mutation in the brca1 3'utr predicts stage iv breast cancerDavid W. Salzman
1) A variant in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the BRCA1 gene was found to predict increased risk of stage IV breast cancer.
2) In vitro luciferase assays showed the variant reduced BRCA1 expression and altered response to stimuli compared to the normal 3'UTR.
3) Analysis of breast tumor tissue found reduced BRCA1 expression in patients with the variant, and patients with the variant had a 4-fold increased risk of stage IV disease.
Vitamin D may play a role in prostate cancer development and progression. It requires metabolic activation to become biologically active. Epidemiological evidence on vitamin D's relationship to prostate cancer risk and mortality has been inconsistent, with some studies finding an inverse association and others finding no association or a positive association. While vitamin D may prevent progression of early-stage prostate cancer, there is no clear evidence it prevents prostate cancer development.
Transcriptome Analysis of Spontaneous PDFJanaya Shelly
This document summarizes an analysis of gene expression in mouse lung tumors using RNA sequencing. Five mouse lung tumors - two spontaneous and three genetically engineered - were analyzed along with normal lung tissue. The top expressing genes in each tumor type were identified and their biological functions analyzed. Spontaneous tumors were associated with homeostatic processes while engineered tumors exhibited genes related to metastasis and immune response. The study aims to gain insights into lung cancer genetics using mouse models.
Cytogenetic and Molecular Characterization of Hematological Neoplasm in an Ec...Andresz26
This study characterized the cytogenetic and molecular features of hematological malignancies in an Ecuadorian population. The researchers analyzed over 4,000 patients between 1984-2012, detecting chromosome abnormalities in around 46% via conventional cytogenetics. Specific genetic fusions were also identified, including BCR-ABL (present in 95% of CML patients as the b2/a2 transcript), PML-RARA (showing the bcr2 and bcr3 transcripts but not bcr1), CBFB-MYH11 (all cases exhibited the F transcript), and MLL-AF4 (all cases displayed the e7-e8 transcript). The frequencies of some fusion gene subtypes differed from
This document provides an overview of molecular testing in breast cancer. It discusses several tests including hormone receptor testing for ER and PR, HER2 testing, Ki67 proliferation index testing, next-generation sequencing, multi-analyte assays, and germline testing. These tests help classify breast cancer into molecular subtypes, provide prognostic information, predict response to therapies, and identify genetic predispositions. The tests utilize various methodologies like IHC, FISH, gene expression profiling, and DNA sequencing. The results of molecular testing guide treatment decisions and clinical management of breast cancer patients.
Prognostic & predictive factors of breast cancerMohammed Fathy
1) Prognostic factors provide information about a patient's outcome without treatment, while predictive factors provide information about how a patient may respond to a specific treatment.
2) Many clinical factors, pathological features, tissue markers, and genomic expression profiles can provide prognostic and predictive information for breast cancer patients.
3) Key prognostic factors include age, tumor stage, tumor size, nodal involvement, histological grade, hormone receptor status, and intrinsic subtypes. Predictive factors include hormone receptor and HER2 status.
This document summarizes research targeting metastatic triple negative breast cancer using phage display nanotechnology. Key points:
- Triple negative breast cancer, which lacks estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors, has poor survival rates and few treatment options. The goal is to target cancer stem cells that initiate metastases.
- Phage display was used to select peptide sequences that bind specifically to triple negative breast cancer cells. Over 3 rounds of selection and amplification, binding peptides were increasingly enriched.
- Isolated phage clones were sequenced to identify binding peptide sequences for further development of targeted nanomedicines to treat metastatic triple negative breast cancer. Future work will modify pre-existing cancer nanomedicines with the selected peptides.
The document discusses the molecular pathology of breast carcinoma. It describes the cellular types in the mammary gland, identification of mammary stem cells, and the epithelial cell hierarchy model. It also covers molecular classification of breast cancer, luminal and basal-like phenotypes, mechanisms of E-cadherin inactivation in lobular carcinoma, breast cancer in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer patients, and morphological and immunohistochemical features of BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast carcinomas.
This document discusses new classifications of colorectal cancer based on molecular markers and gene expression profiling. It summarizes that traditional staging is not enough to predict outcomes or therapy responses, as cancer is heterogeneous. Early classifications used markers like microsatellite instability, DNA methylation and mutations in genes like KRAS and BRAF, identifying subtypes, but had significant overlap. New research using genomic techniques like microarrays now allows a robust classification of colorectal cancer into four consensus molecular subtypes, providing a basis for personalized treatment.
This document compares risk factors and molecular analysis of right-sided colon cancer and left-sided colon cancer. It discusses that:
- Right-sided colon cancer predominantly follows a MSI pathway while left-sided colon cancer follows a CIN pathway.
- There are differences in the embryonic development, function, and gene expression between the right and left colon that influence cancer risk.
- Certain risk factors like family history, inflammatory bowel disease, diet, and geographic location are associated with increased rates of either right-sided or left-sided colon cancers.
Association of common palb2 polymorphisms with ovarian cancer a case control ...IJARIIT
Background: The partner and localizer of breast cancer 2 (PALB2) has an essential role in BRCA2 mediated DNA
double-strand break repair by serving as a bridging molecule and acting as the physical and functional link between BRCA1&
2 proteins. Truncating mutations in the PALB2 gene are rare but are thought to be associated with increased risk of developing
breast and /or ovarian cancer in different populations. The present study was designed to investigate the variants of PALB2 and
their association with OC.
Material &Methods: A total of 150 histopathologically confirmed ovarian cancer patients and 250 healthy age matched controls
were collected. Three SNPs c.2794 G/A( rs45624036), c.1010 T/C(rs45494092), and c.1676A/G(rs152451) of PALB2 gene were
selected and genotyped by ARMS-PCR followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Appropriate statistical tests were applied to test
for the significance of the results.
Results: A significant association of G/A (rs45624036) in inheritance models was observed & at the allelic level, the A allele
conferred four-fold increased risk compared to G allele. Regarding T/C (rs45494092) polymorphism all the models revealed an
association with OC and C allele showing eight-fold increased risk. With respect to A/G (rs152451) polymorphism, the protective
role was observed in tested inheritance models in OC patients.
The Haplo analysis for the combination of all the three variants revealed increased risk with A-T-A and G-C-G
haplotypes.(OR=4.50 ;95%CI 1.85-10.94;p=0.001,OR=26.36 ;95%CI 2.33 -297.91;p= 0.0085), whereas other haplotypes
conferred a protective role in OC.
Conclusions: The present study suggests an essential role of PALB2 in the etiology of ovarian cancer.
This document discusses a study analyzing the distribution of promoter hypermethylation of the p16 gene in male and female colorectal cancer patients in Kashmir, India. The study found different p16 promoter hypermethylation profiles in male and female patients, with occurrence being more frequent in males than females, though not statistically significant. Promoter hypermethylation of p16 was significantly associated with colorectal cancer in both sexes. The study aimed to contribute to understanding the role of epigenetic changes in colorectal cancer development and progression.
Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells Conditioned Media Suppress Epithelial Ovari...ijtsrd
MSC CM suppresses epithelial ovarian cancer cells in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. When ovarian cancer cells were treated with MSC CM at concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% for 72 hours, cell morphology changes were observed including cell shrinkage, debris and reduced cell numbers compared to control. MTT assays showed reduced proliferation and Annexin V testing demonstrated increased early and late apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis found an increased sub-G1 phase, indicating apoptosis. Expression of embryonic stemness genes was also progressively suppressed in cancer cells treated with MSC CM compared to control. Therefore, MSC CM has potential as an ovarian cancer inhibitor by creating new treatment modalities.
This study investigated the role of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in bladder cancer invasion and progression. The researchers found that invasive bladder cancer cells have high ILK expression, which plays a role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by regulating E-cadherin expression. Knocking down ILK in invasive bladder cancer cells suppressed cell invasion by regulating E-cadherin and MMP-9. Analysis of human bladder cancer samples also showed that high ILK expression correlates with increased invasiveness. Therefore, this study suggests that ILK is important for EMT in bladder cancer and could be a new therapeutic target to suppress tumor progression.
This document provides a review of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations found globally in breast cancer patients. It discusses the structure and role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes/proteins in DNA repair. The review summarizes common polymorphisms and the most frequent mutations identified in different populations worldwide. It aims to provide quick access to high-risk alterations that can help with BRCA screening programs. The review covers mutations in BRCA1 exon 11, which harbors the most common mutations, as well as BRCA2 mutations commonly found in exons 10-11.
This document provides an update on the genetics of colorectal cancer. It discusses recent developments in understanding hereditary colorectal tumor syndromes like MYH-associated polyposis and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. It also reviews evidence for low-penetrance genetic factors and modifier genes that may influence colorectal cancer risk and severity. Future strategies discussed for continuing the search for predisposition genes include choosing the most appropriate methods like linkage analysis, association studies, and searches for modifier genes.
Bilateral Gonadblastoma and Dysgerminoma in an 18-Year-Old Female Patient wit...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
This case report describes a rare case of an 18-year-old female patient with 46XY, SRY gene mutation who was found to have bilateral gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma during a planned prophylactic gonadectomy. Additional imaging found no signs of metastasis. After multidisciplinary consultation, an expectant management approach was chosen without additional surgery or chemotherapy given the controversial need for these treatments and the ability to effectively treat recurrence with chemotherapy. During 1.5 years of follow-up so far, there have been no signs of recurrence. This case contributes limited data on managing this rare type of germ cell tumor.
This document discusses hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, which is caused by mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Carriers of these mutations have significantly increased risks of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer. The document provides estimates of cancer risks associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and discusses clinical management recommendations, including who should be referred for genetic counseling and testing. Genetic counseling is important to discuss test results, cancer risks, and risk reduction options like increased screening and preventative surgeries.
This document provides an overview of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and their role in cancer initiation and progression. It discusses how mutations in proto-oncogenes can activate them into oncogenes, causing increased or altered protein production and stimulating cell proliferation. Tumor suppressor genes normally inhibit cell growth but mutations can repress them, deregulating the cell cycle. The interactions between oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation are required for full malignant transformation. Understanding these genetic factors involved in carcinogenesis can provide insights into cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
This document discusses the etiopathogenesis of prostate carcinoma. It covers epidemiology, risk factors, genetics, and the molecular and pathological characteristics of prostate cancer. Some key points include:
- Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in American men and the second leading cause of cancer death.
- Risk increases with age and is highest in African Americans and Jamaicans.
- Family history, genetics, inflammation, infections, hormones and lifestyle factors like smoking can increase risk.
- Precancerous conditions like proliferative inflammatory atrophy and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia are associated with increased risk of prostate cancer.
A KRAS-variant is a Biomarker of Poor Outcome, Platinum Chemotherapy Resistan...UCLA
Germ-line variants in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of cancer genes disrupting microRNA (miRNA) regulation have recently been associated with cancer risk. A variant in the 3′UTR of the KRAS oncogene, referred to as the KRAS-variant, is associated with both cancer risk and altered tumor biology. Here we test the hypothesis that the KRAS-variant can act as a biomarker of outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and investigate the cause of altered outcome in KRAS-variant positive EOC patients. As this variant appears to be associated with tumor biology, we additionally test the hypothesis that this variant can be directly targeted to impact cell survival.
EOC patients with complete clinical data were genotyped for the KRAS-variant and analyzed for outcome (n=536), response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n=125), and platinum resistance (n=306). Outcome was separately analyzed for women with known BRCA mutations (n=79). Gene expression was analyzed on a subset of tumors with available tissue. Cell lines were employed to confirm altered sensitivity to chemotherapy with the KRAS-variant. The KRAS- variant was directly targeted through siRNA/miRNA oligonucleotides in cell lines and survival was measured.
Post-menopausal EOC patients with the KRAS-variant were significantly more likely to die of ovarian cancer by multivariate analysis (HR=1.67, 95% CI=1.09–2.57, p=0.019, n=279). Possibly explaining this finding, EOC patients with the KRAS-variant were significantly more likely to be platinum resistant (OR=3.18, CI=1.31–7.72, p=0.0106, n=291). Additionally, direct targeting of the KRAS-variant led to a significant reduction in EOC cell growth and survival in vitro.
These findings confirm the importance of the KRAS-variant in EOC, and indicate that the KRAS- variant is a biomarker of poor outcome in EOC likely due to platinum resistance. In addition, this work supports the hypothesis that these tumors have continued dependence on such 3′UTR lesions, and that direct targeting may be a viable future treatment approach.
- The document summarizes a seminar presentation on the molecular pathophysiology of colorectal cancer.
- Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and its incidence is rising rapidly in Asia. It is the 4th most common cancer globally and the 2nd leading cause of cancer death.
- The molecular basis of colorectal cancer is complex, with different genetic and epigenetic pathways contributing to tumor development and progression, including chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, and CpG island methylation. A better understanding of these pathways may help improve prevention and treatment strategies.
This document summarizes research on the effect of bacteria on healthy and cancerous cells. It finds that while most bacteria do not cause disease, some types of bacteria can increase the risk of cancer, such as Helicobacter pylori which increases the risk of stomach cancer. The document also discusses how some bacterial infections can transform into malignant tumors through genetic mutations. It provides background on cancer development and the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in normal cells transforming into cancerous cells.
This document provides an overview of left and right colon cancer, discussing differences in their phenotypic presentation and the gradient and local factors involved. It summarizes that left colon cancer predominantly follows a CIN molecular pathway, while right colon cancer follows a MSI pathway, reflecting biological differences in the proximal and distal colonic mucosa. The document also discusses differences in epidemiology, risk factors, genetics, and topography between left and right colon cancers.
This document describes a study investigating the role of the protein Morgana in breast cancer metastasis. The study found that knocking down Morgana impaired migration, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, Morgana was found to increase the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, leading to increased expression of metastasis-promoting genes like MMP-9. Overexpressing Morgana had the opposite effect of increasing NF-κB target gene expression. Therefore, Morgana appears to promote breast cancer metastasis by activating the NF-κB pathway and increasing expression of pro-metastatic genes.
This document summarizes breast cancer risk factors, etiology, pathogenesis, classification, and carcinogenesis. It notes that breast cancer is most common in women over 30 and risk increases with age. The majority are estrogen receptor positive. Risk factors include family history, age of first birth, obesity, and hormone exposure. Cancers arise from genetic mutations in cells like luminal cells and can follow hereditary or sporadic pathways. Cancers are classified as either carcinoma in situ, confined to ducts/lobules, or invasive carcinoma penetrating the basement membrane. Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process as cells acquire mutations driving proliferation.
- The study examined malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and hematological parameters in 31 newly diagnosed cervical cancer patients at a hospital in India.
- MDA levels, which indicate oxidative stress, were found to be significantly higher in cervical cancer patients compared to healthy volunteers. MDA levels also differed between cancer grades.
- Hematological analysis found reduced red blood cell count and hemoglobin levels and increased white blood cell count in cervical cancer patients relative to normal levels.
- The results suggest that oxidative stress and hematological abnormalities are present at the initial clinical presentation of cervical cancer patients and that MDA may be a predictive marker for disease progression. Controlling oxidative stress and improving nutrition could help cervical cancer treatment
This document summarizes several breast cancer risk assessment models. It discusses two main types of risk assessment: the chances of developing breast cancer over time, and the chances of carrying a mutation in a high-risk gene like BRCA1/2. Several models are described that assess these risks, including the Gail model, Claus model, BRCAPRO, and Cuzick-Tyrer models. Each model incorporates different sets of risk factors and has varying levels of validation and ability to predict cancer risk. The document advocates that improved models integrating more genetic and lifestyle risk factors could achieve more accurate individualized risk prediction.
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This document discusses molecular parameters that have prognostic or predictive value in colorectal cancer. It summarizes that microsatellite instability (MSI) confers a favorable prognosis while chromosome instability (CIN) indicates an unfavorable prognosis. Certain gene mutations like KRAS and BRAF also have prognostic or predictive significance. Molecular testing for markers like methylated DNA in stool samples shows potential as a noninvasive screening method for early detection of colorectal cancer.
This document provides an overview of the molecular foundations of cancer. It discusses how cancer arises from genetic and epigenetic aberrations that accumulate in cells and lead to altered gene expression and the acquisition of hallmark capabilities that allow tumors to form and progress. Key points covered include the types of genomic changes like mutations and chromosome defects that occur; the roles of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes; how cancer risk can be inherited; and the uses of genomics in cancer diagnosis and targeted treatment.
Similar to Effects of KRAS Gene Mutations in Gynaecological Malignancies_ Crimson Publishers (20)
This editorial discusses the risks of Brazilian butt lift procedures:
1) They are the deadliest aesthetic procedures, with 1 in 3000 patients dying from a fat embolism caused by injecting fat into the buttocks.
2) Most of the 33 reported deaths have been attributed to unqualified doctors performing the procedures, though underreporting is likely.
3) Other risks include sepsis, gangrene, and in rare cases lymphoma from breast implants used in butt augmentations.
4) The risks of butt augmentations outweigh the benefits, as enhancing the brain is preferable to enhancing the buttocks.
Exploring Young People’s Views on Emergency Contraceptives_ Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishers-IGRWH
1) The document explores young people's views on emergency contraceptives through interviews with 22 undergraduate students in Ghana.
2) While all students understood regular contraceptives, only 4 could define emergency contraceptives, showing a lack of clarity on the distinction.
3) Views on emergency contraceptives varied, but many agreed they were appropriate to prevent unplanned pregnancies from rape or naivety. However, some had concerns about availability, authenticity, and religious opposition.
Evaluation of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitory Potential of Biofield Energy Tre...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
Evaluation of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitory Potential of Biofield Energy Treated DMEM by Determining cGMP Level in Human Endothelial Cell Line by Snehasis Jana
Rate of Different Types of Abortion in Madinah Maternity and Children Hospita...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
This document discusses a retrospective study conducted at Madinah Maternity and Children Hospital (MMCH) in Saudi Arabia in 2016 to determine the rates of different types of abortion. The study found that abortion accounted for 95% of early pregnancy bleeding cases at MMCH. The most common type of abortion was incomplete abortion, which was likely due to the advanced age and high parity of many of the patients. Over half of abortion patients were aged 38-45 years old and had 5 or more pregnancies. The second most common type was missed abortion. The study concludes that incomplete abortion is the most frequent type of abortion seen at MMCH, likely due to social norms contributing to older age and high parity among patients in the region.
Indications and Outcomes of Emergency Caesarean Section at St Paul’s Hospital...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
Indications and Outcomes of Emergency Caesarean Section at St Paul’s HospitalMedical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2017: (Afoul Month Retrospective Cohort Study) by Bizuneh Ayano in Womens Health Journal
This document summarizes research on the relationship between childhood abuse and obesity/food addiction. It finds that adverse childhood experiences like physical, emotional, or sexual abuse are associated with higher risks of obesity in adulthood, possibly due to induced stress, inflammation, and metabolic disturbances. Studies also find similarities between addictive-like eating behaviors and substance abuse disorders. The concept of "food addiction" is discussed and operationalized using the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Prevalence of food addiction varies in studies but is higher in obese individuals, particularly those with binge eating disorder. Childhood abuse is strongly linked to reports of food addiction in adulthood.
Two Useful Safe Products for Maintaining Healthy Vagina and Prevention of Inf...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
Two Useful Safe Products for Maintaining Healthy Vagina and Prevention of Infection with Human Papilloma Virus leading to Carcinoma of Cervix by Talwar GP in Womens Health Journal
Effect of Antenatal Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise on Postnatal Stress Urinary ...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
Effect of Antenatal Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise on Postnatal Stress Urinary Incontinence in Primigravida - An Comparative Experimental Study by Rejisha TR in Womens health Journal
The Pregnancy Microbiome: The Link Between Maternal Periodontitis and Adverse...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
The Pregnancy Microbiome: The Link Between Maternal Periodontitis and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Opinion by Irosha Rukmali Perera in Gynecology journal
Old Wine in a New Bottle-Focus on Candidial Vaccine_ Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishers-IGRWH
This document discusses the development of a vaccine for Candida infections. It first provides background on vaginal anatomy and how Candida normally lives commensally but can cause infection. Risk factors for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis include excessive carbohydrates, hormonal therapy, douching, antibiotics, and immunosuppressants. Candida species produce various virulence factors like adhesion molecules and enzymes that contribute to pathogenesis. Current antifungal treatments can fail due to drug resistance. Researchers are working to develop a vaccine targeting Candida proteins like Sap that are involved in virulence and may help prevent recurrent infections. Phase I trials of vaccines containing Sap and Als proteins have shown promise.
The Level of Expression of Ki-67 in Invasive Cervical Cancers and Cervical I...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
The Level of Expression of Ki-67 in Invasive Cervical Cancers and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Ghanaian Women by Ama Afrah in Womens Health Journal
Phyllodes Tumors: What is the Best Therapeutic Option?_ Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishers-IGRWH
1) Phyllodes tumors of the breast are rare fibroepithelial tumors that resemble fibroadenomas. They are classified as benign, borderline, or malignant based on histological features.
2) Surgical resection is considered the best therapeutic option due to the high recurrence rate of 27% for malignant phyllodes tumors. For small (<5cm) benign tumors, tumor resection with 1-2cm margins is recommended, while mastectomy is recommended for malignant tumors or those >5cm.
3) The role of adjuvant therapies after surgery is still unclear due to limited studies with small sample sizes. Individualization of adjuvant treatment based on tumor characteristics may be considered.
Endometrioid Borderline Tumor Related to Ovarian Endometriosis_ Crimson publi...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
This case report describes a 26-year-old woman diagnosed with an endometrioid borderline tumor (EBT) in her left ovary that was related to ovarian endometriosis. She presented with chronic pelvic pain and was found to have a large cystic mass in her left ovary. Pathological examination after surgery confirmed the presence of both an EBT showing early stage cancerous changes without invasion, as well as typical endometriosis lesions. Immunohistochemical staining supported the diagnosis. She received postoperative hormone therapy and had no recurrence after 3 years of follow-up. This case implies an association between endometriosis and EBT and highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and treatment to preserve fertility in
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.