This study examined the effects of humanistic-existential therapy (HET) on the self-control of rehabilitated female sex workers in Nigeria. The study used a pretest-posttest experimental design with 64 rehabilitated female sex workers randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 6 weeks of HET while the control group received no therapy. Results showed that HET significantly improved self-control in the experimental group compared to the control group. Additionally, demographic variables like age, family background, and marital status were not found to significantly impact the effectiveness of HET on improving self-control. The study concluded that HET is an effective therapy for treating self-control issues in rehabilitated female
This document summarizes a journal article that studied the effectiveness of training according to the welfare organization's pattern in cognitive empowerment, self-regulation, and self-efficacy of mentally and physically disabled individuals. The study used a pretest-posttest design with 40 participants randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Psychological empowerment, self-efficacy, and self-regulation questionnaires were administered before and after the training. The results showed that the training had a significant positive impact on improving self-regulation, self-efficacy, and psychological empowerment. The conclusion recommends widely using the welfare training center's educational programs in interventions and training related to disabled individuals.
Milen xx philippines mental health promotion and practice strategiesMilen Ramos
The document discusses strategies to promote mental health for women in celebration of International Women's Day. It outlines approaches at the individual, community, and national levels. At the individual level, it discusses prevention through mental health promotion and actual intervention strategies. At the community level, it proposes staging mental health interventions through prevention, early identification of issues, and promoting physical and mental well-being. At the national level, it mentions surveys, policies, services, and awareness campaigns to address issues like violence against women and trafficking.
The document discusses the goals and concepts related to nursing. It defines basic human needs according to Maslow's hierarchy which includes physiological, safety, love, esteem and self-actualization. It also explains the World Health Organization's vision and mission in promoting health equity. The nursing process is introduced as a systematic problem-solving approach used in nursing practice involving assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation. Its historical development and goals of providing organized care to address clients' needs are outlined.
Nursing and challenges for geriatric care in acute hospitalsgrace lindsay
The presentation provides an overview of issues and challenges for nursing in dealing with the health needs of older people in an acute care health care setting. Some of the specific considerations are highlighted including assumptions and stereotyping.
Nola Pender developed the Health Promotion Model in nursing care. She taught nursing for over 40 years at various universities. Pender's model focuses on individuals making rational choices to promote healthy behaviors and lifestyles. The model emphasizes how personal factors, such as self-esteem and health status, influence health decisions and shape behaviors over time. Pender's theory argues that personal responsibility for health exceeds reliance on medical treatment alone.
1. To be able to differentiate, apply and identify the various models of nursing theories and approaches in all phases of life.
2. To know the essential value of formal nursing conceptual models and understand the provision of a shared view of the metaparadigm concepts (person, environment, health and nursing).
3. Be able to focus on nursing's role: to work with patients to manage their health problems/life processes.
This document summarizes a journal article that studied the effectiveness of training according to the welfare organization's pattern in cognitive empowerment, self-regulation, and self-efficacy of mentally and physically disabled individuals. The study used a pretest-posttest design with 40 participants randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Psychological empowerment, self-efficacy, and self-regulation questionnaires were administered before and after the training. The results showed that the training had a significant positive impact on improving self-regulation, self-efficacy, and psychological empowerment. The conclusion recommends widely using the welfare training center's educational programs in interventions and training related to disabled individuals.
Milen xx philippines mental health promotion and practice strategiesMilen Ramos
The document discusses strategies to promote mental health for women in celebration of International Women's Day. It outlines approaches at the individual, community, and national levels. At the individual level, it discusses prevention through mental health promotion and actual intervention strategies. At the community level, it proposes staging mental health interventions through prevention, early identification of issues, and promoting physical and mental well-being. At the national level, it mentions surveys, policies, services, and awareness campaigns to address issues like violence against women and trafficking.
The document discusses the goals and concepts related to nursing. It defines basic human needs according to Maslow's hierarchy which includes physiological, safety, love, esteem and self-actualization. It also explains the World Health Organization's vision and mission in promoting health equity. The nursing process is introduced as a systematic problem-solving approach used in nursing practice involving assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation. Its historical development and goals of providing organized care to address clients' needs are outlined.
Nursing and challenges for geriatric care in acute hospitalsgrace lindsay
The presentation provides an overview of issues and challenges for nursing in dealing with the health needs of older people in an acute care health care setting. Some of the specific considerations are highlighted including assumptions and stereotyping.
Nola Pender developed the Health Promotion Model in nursing care. She taught nursing for over 40 years at various universities. Pender's model focuses on individuals making rational choices to promote healthy behaviors and lifestyles. The model emphasizes how personal factors, such as self-esteem and health status, influence health decisions and shape behaviors over time. Pender's theory argues that personal responsibility for health exceeds reliance on medical treatment alone.
1. To be able to differentiate, apply and identify the various models of nursing theories and approaches in all phases of life.
2. To know the essential value of formal nursing conceptual models and understand the provision of a shared view of the metaparadigm concepts (person, environment, health and nursing).
3. Be able to focus on nursing's role: to work with patients to manage their health problems/life processes.
The Milan Model was developed by Luigi Boscolo, Gianfranco Cecchin, and Maria Palazzoli in Italy in the 1980s. It was influenced by Gregory Bateson's ideas and moved family therapy toward a "second order" approach. The original Milan Model involved brief, strategic therapy with families seen once a month for 10 sessions by a male-female therapist team. They used interventions like positive connotation, rituals, and circular questioning to challenge family beliefs while maintaining neutrality and low resistance. The model has since evolved as the original therapists parted ways and new approaches incorporated cultural diversity and systems theory.
Roy's Adaptation Model views the person as an adaptive system that interacts with the environment. It consists of four main concepts: the person as an adaptive system, environment, health and adaptation, and nursing. The person is a biopsychosocial being that uses cognator and regulator subsystems to maintain adaptation through four modes: physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. The goal of nursing is to promote adaptive responses and reduce ineffective responses in relation to a person's environment.
The document provides an overview of the public health model (PHM). It defines public health and explains that public health aims to provide conditions for population-level health as opposed to focusing only on individual patients or diseases. It then defines the PHM as a model that comprehensively addresses health or social problems by considering human and environmental factors and identifying causes to suggest interventions. Key aspects of the PHM are that it takes a population-level approach and focuses on prevention, promotion, surveillance and service evaluation in addition to traditional areas like diagnosis and treatment. Examples of applying the PHM to violence prevention and child welfare services are also provided.
The Human Becoming Theory was developed by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse as a nursing theory to guide practice with a focus on quality of life from the patient's perspective. The theory posits that nursing aims to help patients transcend limits and emerge through rhythmic co-creation between the person and their environment. It was influenced by European philosophers and the Science of Unitary Human Beings. The theory is structured around the themes of meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence.
Ida Jean Orlando developed the Deliberative Nursing Process Theory focused on the interaction between nurses and patients. According to the theory, the nurse's role is to understand the patient's presenting behavior and identify their immediate need for help through perception, thoughts, and validating their understanding with the patient. The nursing process aims to meet the patient's need and produce positive outcomes like relief of distress or meeting an unmet need as observed through changes in the patient's behavior. Orlando's theory emphasizes defining nursing's function and keeping the patient's needs and experiences at the center of the nursing process.
Manju mehta behavioural sciences in medical practice, 2nd edition from sims...Muhammad Ahmad
This document provides an introduction to behavioural sciences. It defines behavioural sciences as the study of human behaviour at the individual and group level, drawing from fields like psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics and statistics. It discusses the need to incorporate behavioural sciences into medical education to help students understand patients as whole persons and deal with psychosocial factors. Behavioural sciences can help explain differences in how individuals respond to illness, stressors and medical treatment. A purely biomedical knowledge is not sufficient for a doctor, who needs skills in communication, decision making and addressing behavioural aspects of health.
Pender's health promotion model from 1982 explains factors that influence healthy behaviors. The model identifies individual characteristics, cognitions regarding behaviors, and interpersonal/situational influences as impacting behavioral outcomes. It draws from expectancy value theory and social cognitive theory. Research has applied the model to areas like cancer screening, HIV care, smoking cessation, and health behaviors in homeless women. The model provides a framework for nurses to assess factors impacting patients' health behaviors and design interventions accordingly.
This document provides an overview of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory of Nursing. Some key points:
- The theory is composed of three interrelated theories: self-care, self-care deficit, and nursing systems.
- Self-care deficit occurs when self-care demands exceed a person's ability to meet them. This creates a need for nursing care.
- The nursing systems theory identifies actions nurses and clients can take to reduce or eliminate self-care deficits.
- Orem developed her theory over decades to establish a theoretical foundation for nursing practice and organize nursing knowledge.
This document provides information on two nursing theorists: Sister Callista Roy and Dorothy Johnson. It summarizes Roy's Adaptation Model, which views the person as an adaptive system interacting with the environment. The goal of nursing within this model is to promote adaptation. It also summarizes Dorothy Johnson's Behavioral Systems Model, which views the person as a system of organized subsystems that work to maintain stability. Johnson identified 7 subsystems that help the person maintain a steady state through adjusting to internal and external forces.
Theories & perspectives on sociology of health & medicineMeesum Kazmi
This document provides an overview of several major theoretical perspectives in the sociology of health and medicine: functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, feminism, and post-structuralism/post-modernism. It summarizes each perspective's view of the relationship between society and health/illness, including their theories about the causes of disease and the role of the medical profession. The perspectives range from focusing on the macro-level roles of social institutions (functionalism) to the micro-level social processes of meaning-making (symbolic interactionism) to the influence of power structures like capitalism and patriarchy.
Functional Family Therapy (FFT) is an evidence-based family therapy program developed in the 1970s to treat at-risk youth and their families. FFT uses short-term, culturally sensitive interventions to address issues like delinquency, substance abuse, and violence. It focuses on strengthening family communication and supports long-term behavior change. Research shows FFT successfully reduces recidivism and out-of-home placements, saving taxpayers thousands per family. FFT programs have been implemented worldwide and evaluations find high completion rates, lowered risks for youth, and reduced criminal recidivism.
This document discusses geriatric nursing and the aging process. It defines geriatric nursing as providing nursing care to older adults. Aging is defined as a natural maturational process involving physical and psychological declines over time. Factors that influence aging include hereditary, environmental, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors. The document also examines theories of aging, standards of geriatric nursing practice, and age-related changes to the body systems that nurses must assess and care for in older patients.
The document summarizes the Health Promotion Model (HPM) developed by Dr. Nola Pender. The HPM focuses on helping individuals achieve higher levels of well-being and health by empowering healthy lifestyle choices. It considers how individual characteristics and experiences, as well as behavioral and cognitive factors, influence health behaviors. The model also examines interpersonal and situational influences on health behaviors and outcomes. The goal of the HPM is to help individuals not just prevent illness but pursue ideal health.
The Health Promotion Model focuses on individual characteristics and experiences, behaviors, and cognitions that influence health behaviors. It addresses personal factors such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status, as well as perceptions of benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and social and environmental influences. The model leads to a commitment to a plan of action and ultimately a behavioral health outcome.
Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory views humans as open systems interacting with their environment. It focuses on nurse-client interactions, where the nurse and client perceive each other, communicate, set goals, and work to achieve them. The theory consists of three interacting systems - personal, interpersonal, and social. It emphasizes concepts like perception, communication, roles, and stress. The goal of nursing is to help individuals maintain their health to function in roles. The theory is useful for practice, education, and research in nursing.
This document discusses 20 different nursing theories and 3 moral theories. It provides an overview of each theory, including the theorist and key concepts. Some of the major nursing theories covered include Florence Nightingale's focus on the patient's environment, Faye Abdellah's 21 nursing problems, Virginia Henderson's 14 basic human needs, and Betty Neuman's health care systems model. The moral theories briefly discussed include Freud's superego, Erickson's virtues, and Kohlberg's stages of moral development.
COMMUNITY ORIENTED NURSING
PRESENTED BY –MISS MANJOT KAUR GILL
Community oriented nursing - where community- oriented is a nursing practice specially, focus is an individuals, families, and group in a community. Example –public health nursing .
Community based nursing - the provision of acute care and care for chronic health problems to individuals families in the community
GOAL OF COMMUNITY ORIENTED NURSING
Prevent disease and disability, promote, protect, and maintain health.
Focus is on ‘’health care’’ of individuals, families, groups in community.
Provide health care to promote quality of life.
The nurse is the major health care professional on this team.
It is based on the principals of social justice.
HOME CARE
MCH AND FAMILY PLANNING
SCHOOL HEALTH NURSING
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING SERVICES
INDUSTRAIL NURSING SERVICES
MENTAL HEALTH NURSING SERVICES
REHABILITATION SERVICES
GERIATRIC NURSING SERVICES
COMMUNITY BASED SETTING
Care manager
Occupational health nurse
School nurse
Public health department
Home nurse
LEVELS OF DISEASE PREVENTION
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
SUMMARIZATION
Definition
Gals of community oriented nursing
Scope of community oriented nursing
Community based setting
Levels of disease prevention
RECAPITULATION
What is community oriented nursing.
Explain the goals of CON.
Enlist the levels of disease prevention.
QUESTION FOR ASSIGNMENT
Explain the concept of community oriented nursing.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
D Raj Elakkuvana Bhaskara (2012), Nursing foundation. Rajajinagar Bangalore: Mamjunath S. Hegde. Pp-195-197
Meaningful and relevant Occupational Therapy PracticeClaudia Megele
Meaningful and relevant Occupational Therapy practice and service delivery. By Kee Hean Lim (Lecturer and Researcher in OT) presented at the OT Enfield Conference (Feb. 2014)
The document discusses several models of health promotion:
1. Caplan and Holland's model examines how knowledge is generated about health and how society impacts health. It identifies four paradigms: radical humanist, humanist, radical structuralist, and traditional.
2. Beattie's model examines the type (authoritarian vs negotiated) and size (individual to community) of health promotion approaches. It categorizes four types of activities.
3. Tones et al's model identifies key psychological, social, and environmental factors influencing health behaviors. It shows education's role in setting agendas, raising critical consciousness, and empowering communities.
4. Tannahill's model focuses on health education,
Despite many barriers that exist, physicians and nurses become the most important players in the space where MSM navigate their health and HIV needs. MSM face significant stigma and discrimination, which increases their vulnerability to poor health outcomes like HIV and mental health issues. Providers have an important role and responsibility to deliver compassionate and non-judgmental care to MSM. Overcoming biases, ensuring privacy and confidentiality, and addressing the specific health needs of MSM are crucial for encouraging MSM to seek the care they need.
Educational level, sex and church affiliation on health seeking Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the impact of educational level, sex, and church affiliation on health seeking behavior among parishioners in Makurdi, Nigeria. 448 participants were surveyed using a health seeking behavior scale. The study found that educational level and sex were statistically significant predictors of health seeking behavior, with those with higher education and females reporting higher health seeking scores. Additionally, Catholics reported higher health seeking behavior than non-Catholics. The study suggests these factors be considered to improve health policies and promote behaviors.
Ms. g malayang rights-based approach to genderrigelsuarez
The document provides an overview of a training module on integrating gender concepts into family planning and reproductive health. It defines key terms like gender, reproductive health and rights-based approach. Gender is socially constructed and influences health outcomes. Women typically have multiple roles and less access/control over resources than men. This can impact family planning needs and service delivery if gender biases are not addressed. Integrating a gender and rights perspective is important for equitable and effective reproductive healthcare.
The Milan Model was developed by Luigi Boscolo, Gianfranco Cecchin, and Maria Palazzoli in Italy in the 1980s. It was influenced by Gregory Bateson's ideas and moved family therapy toward a "second order" approach. The original Milan Model involved brief, strategic therapy with families seen once a month for 10 sessions by a male-female therapist team. They used interventions like positive connotation, rituals, and circular questioning to challenge family beliefs while maintaining neutrality and low resistance. The model has since evolved as the original therapists parted ways and new approaches incorporated cultural diversity and systems theory.
Roy's Adaptation Model views the person as an adaptive system that interacts with the environment. It consists of four main concepts: the person as an adaptive system, environment, health and adaptation, and nursing. The person is a biopsychosocial being that uses cognator and regulator subsystems to maintain adaptation through four modes: physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. The goal of nursing is to promote adaptive responses and reduce ineffective responses in relation to a person's environment.
The document provides an overview of the public health model (PHM). It defines public health and explains that public health aims to provide conditions for population-level health as opposed to focusing only on individual patients or diseases. It then defines the PHM as a model that comprehensively addresses health or social problems by considering human and environmental factors and identifying causes to suggest interventions. Key aspects of the PHM are that it takes a population-level approach and focuses on prevention, promotion, surveillance and service evaluation in addition to traditional areas like diagnosis and treatment. Examples of applying the PHM to violence prevention and child welfare services are also provided.
The Human Becoming Theory was developed by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse as a nursing theory to guide practice with a focus on quality of life from the patient's perspective. The theory posits that nursing aims to help patients transcend limits and emerge through rhythmic co-creation between the person and their environment. It was influenced by European philosophers and the Science of Unitary Human Beings. The theory is structured around the themes of meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence.
Ida Jean Orlando developed the Deliberative Nursing Process Theory focused on the interaction between nurses and patients. According to the theory, the nurse's role is to understand the patient's presenting behavior and identify their immediate need for help through perception, thoughts, and validating their understanding with the patient. The nursing process aims to meet the patient's need and produce positive outcomes like relief of distress or meeting an unmet need as observed through changes in the patient's behavior. Orlando's theory emphasizes defining nursing's function and keeping the patient's needs and experiences at the center of the nursing process.
Manju mehta behavioural sciences in medical practice, 2nd edition from sims...Muhammad Ahmad
This document provides an introduction to behavioural sciences. It defines behavioural sciences as the study of human behaviour at the individual and group level, drawing from fields like psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics and statistics. It discusses the need to incorporate behavioural sciences into medical education to help students understand patients as whole persons and deal with psychosocial factors. Behavioural sciences can help explain differences in how individuals respond to illness, stressors and medical treatment. A purely biomedical knowledge is not sufficient for a doctor, who needs skills in communication, decision making and addressing behavioural aspects of health.
Pender's health promotion model from 1982 explains factors that influence healthy behaviors. The model identifies individual characteristics, cognitions regarding behaviors, and interpersonal/situational influences as impacting behavioral outcomes. It draws from expectancy value theory and social cognitive theory. Research has applied the model to areas like cancer screening, HIV care, smoking cessation, and health behaviors in homeless women. The model provides a framework for nurses to assess factors impacting patients' health behaviors and design interventions accordingly.
This document provides an overview of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory of Nursing. Some key points:
- The theory is composed of three interrelated theories: self-care, self-care deficit, and nursing systems.
- Self-care deficit occurs when self-care demands exceed a person's ability to meet them. This creates a need for nursing care.
- The nursing systems theory identifies actions nurses and clients can take to reduce or eliminate self-care deficits.
- Orem developed her theory over decades to establish a theoretical foundation for nursing practice and organize nursing knowledge.
This document provides information on two nursing theorists: Sister Callista Roy and Dorothy Johnson. It summarizes Roy's Adaptation Model, which views the person as an adaptive system interacting with the environment. The goal of nursing within this model is to promote adaptation. It also summarizes Dorothy Johnson's Behavioral Systems Model, which views the person as a system of organized subsystems that work to maintain stability. Johnson identified 7 subsystems that help the person maintain a steady state through adjusting to internal and external forces.
Theories & perspectives on sociology of health & medicineMeesum Kazmi
This document provides an overview of several major theoretical perspectives in the sociology of health and medicine: functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, feminism, and post-structuralism/post-modernism. It summarizes each perspective's view of the relationship between society and health/illness, including their theories about the causes of disease and the role of the medical profession. The perspectives range from focusing on the macro-level roles of social institutions (functionalism) to the micro-level social processes of meaning-making (symbolic interactionism) to the influence of power structures like capitalism and patriarchy.
Functional Family Therapy (FFT) is an evidence-based family therapy program developed in the 1970s to treat at-risk youth and their families. FFT uses short-term, culturally sensitive interventions to address issues like delinquency, substance abuse, and violence. It focuses on strengthening family communication and supports long-term behavior change. Research shows FFT successfully reduces recidivism and out-of-home placements, saving taxpayers thousands per family. FFT programs have been implemented worldwide and evaluations find high completion rates, lowered risks for youth, and reduced criminal recidivism.
This document discusses geriatric nursing and the aging process. It defines geriatric nursing as providing nursing care to older adults. Aging is defined as a natural maturational process involving physical and psychological declines over time. Factors that influence aging include hereditary, environmental, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors. The document also examines theories of aging, standards of geriatric nursing practice, and age-related changes to the body systems that nurses must assess and care for in older patients.
The document summarizes the Health Promotion Model (HPM) developed by Dr. Nola Pender. The HPM focuses on helping individuals achieve higher levels of well-being and health by empowering healthy lifestyle choices. It considers how individual characteristics and experiences, as well as behavioral and cognitive factors, influence health behaviors. The model also examines interpersonal and situational influences on health behaviors and outcomes. The goal of the HPM is to help individuals not just prevent illness but pursue ideal health.
The Health Promotion Model focuses on individual characteristics and experiences, behaviors, and cognitions that influence health behaviors. It addresses personal factors such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status, as well as perceptions of benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and social and environmental influences. The model leads to a commitment to a plan of action and ultimately a behavioral health outcome.
Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory views humans as open systems interacting with their environment. It focuses on nurse-client interactions, where the nurse and client perceive each other, communicate, set goals, and work to achieve them. The theory consists of three interacting systems - personal, interpersonal, and social. It emphasizes concepts like perception, communication, roles, and stress. The goal of nursing is to help individuals maintain their health to function in roles. The theory is useful for practice, education, and research in nursing.
This document discusses 20 different nursing theories and 3 moral theories. It provides an overview of each theory, including the theorist and key concepts. Some of the major nursing theories covered include Florence Nightingale's focus on the patient's environment, Faye Abdellah's 21 nursing problems, Virginia Henderson's 14 basic human needs, and Betty Neuman's health care systems model. The moral theories briefly discussed include Freud's superego, Erickson's virtues, and Kohlberg's stages of moral development.
COMMUNITY ORIENTED NURSING
PRESENTED BY –MISS MANJOT KAUR GILL
Community oriented nursing - where community- oriented is a nursing practice specially, focus is an individuals, families, and group in a community. Example –public health nursing .
Community based nursing - the provision of acute care and care for chronic health problems to individuals families in the community
GOAL OF COMMUNITY ORIENTED NURSING
Prevent disease and disability, promote, protect, and maintain health.
Focus is on ‘’health care’’ of individuals, families, groups in community.
Provide health care to promote quality of life.
The nurse is the major health care professional on this team.
It is based on the principals of social justice.
HOME CARE
MCH AND FAMILY PLANNING
SCHOOL HEALTH NURSING
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING SERVICES
INDUSTRAIL NURSING SERVICES
MENTAL HEALTH NURSING SERVICES
REHABILITATION SERVICES
GERIATRIC NURSING SERVICES
COMMUNITY BASED SETTING
Care manager
Occupational health nurse
School nurse
Public health department
Home nurse
LEVELS OF DISEASE PREVENTION
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
SUMMARIZATION
Definition
Gals of community oriented nursing
Scope of community oriented nursing
Community based setting
Levels of disease prevention
RECAPITULATION
What is community oriented nursing.
Explain the goals of CON.
Enlist the levels of disease prevention.
QUESTION FOR ASSIGNMENT
Explain the concept of community oriented nursing.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
D Raj Elakkuvana Bhaskara (2012), Nursing foundation. Rajajinagar Bangalore: Mamjunath S. Hegde. Pp-195-197
Meaningful and relevant Occupational Therapy PracticeClaudia Megele
Meaningful and relevant Occupational Therapy practice and service delivery. By Kee Hean Lim (Lecturer and Researcher in OT) presented at the OT Enfield Conference (Feb. 2014)
The document discusses several models of health promotion:
1. Caplan and Holland's model examines how knowledge is generated about health and how society impacts health. It identifies four paradigms: radical humanist, humanist, radical structuralist, and traditional.
2. Beattie's model examines the type (authoritarian vs negotiated) and size (individual to community) of health promotion approaches. It categorizes four types of activities.
3. Tones et al's model identifies key psychological, social, and environmental factors influencing health behaviors. It shows education's role in setting agendas, raising critical consciousness, and empowering communities.
4. Tannahill's model focuses on health education,
Despite many barriers that exist, physicians and nurses become the most important players in the space where MSM navigate their health and HIV needs. MSM face significant stigma and discrimination, which increases their vulnerability to poor health outcomes like HIV and mental health issues. Providers have an important role and responsibility to deliver compassionate and non-judgmental care to MSM. Overcoming biases, ensuring privacy and confidentiality, and addressing the specific health needs of MSM are crucial for encouraging MSM to seek the care they need.
Educational level, sex and church affiliation on health seeking Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the impact of educational level, sex, and church affiliation on health seeking behavior among parishioners in Makurdi, Nigeria. 448 participants were surveyed using a health seeking behavior scale. The study found that educational level and sex were statistically significant predictors of health seeking behavior, with those with higher education and females reporting higher health seeking scores. Additionally, Catholics reported higher health seeking behavior than non-Catholics. The study suggests these factors be considered to improve health policies and promote behaviors.
Ms. g malayang rights-based approach to genderrigelsuarez
The document provides an overview of a training module on integrating gender concepts into family planning and reproductive health. It defines key terms like gender, reproductive health and rights-based approach. Gender is socially constructed and influences health outcomes. Women typically have multiple roles and less access/control over resources than men. This can impact family planning needs and service delivery if gender biases are not addressed. Integrating a gender and rights perspective is important for equitable and effective reproductive healthcare.
William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington; Invited Guest Lecturer, Oxford Round Table, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Hall of Honor, Prairie View A&M University/Member of the Texas A&M University System. Professor of Educational Leadership, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin.
Social Adjustment of Widows in Rivers State of NigeriaWilliam Kritsonis
Social Adjustment of Widows in Rivers State of Nigeria by Drs. Kritsonis, Osho, Eremie, Kennedy
National Forum Journal of Counseling and Addiction - NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS - www.nationalforum.com
This study investigated the effects of individual counseling using Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) and Client-Centered Approach (CCA) on the social adjustment of registered widows in Rivers State, Nigeria. 60 widows were assigned to 3 experimental groups that received either RET, CCA, or a combination of RET/CCA counseling, and 1 control group. Counseling lasted 12 weeks. Results found that the experimental groups showed significantly improved social adjustment compared to the control group based on pre-test and post-test scores. RET counseling was the most effective approach at enhancing social adjustment among the widows. The study concluded that individual counseling can effectively help remedy social adjustment issues for widows.
1Ms Daniella Fernandes,
2Mr Gajanan (Amey) Karmali
Agnel Entrepreneurship Development Institute, Verna Goa
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to examine the Impact of Schemes Designed for Women in Goa on
their Self-Esteem and Psychological Well-Being. The sample consisted of women belonging from the age group 18-
40 years and above. These women belonged to the various talukas of Goa. The sample comprised of 1050 women.
The tools used in this study included Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale developed by Morris Rosenberg and the Ryffs
Psychological Well-Being Scale developed by Carol Ryff. Data was analysed by incorporating the t-test and
ANOVA. The results have shown that women who have availed schemes have shown higher level of self-esteem.
Women who have not faced difficulties in applying for schemes have shown higher psychological well-being and
self-esteem. The studies also revealed that women who have received skill training, have their own business and
are employed in an organization show better psychological well-being and self-esteem in comparison to
housewives. Women who are employed show higher level of self-esteem and psychological well-being compared to
women who are unemployed
Psychosocial Aspects of Infertility - Jessie Priyanka.NJessie Priyanka.N
This document discusses the psychosocial aspects of infertility. It notes that infertility affects individuals physically, psychologically, emotionally, and financially. Infertile couples experience issues like anxiety, depression, relationship problems, low self-esteem, and social stigma. Counseling can help address these psychosocial issues and improve outcomes of infertility treatment. The paper emphasizes that infertility counseling is important for providing support, therapy, and education to couples dealing with the complex biological, psychological, social, and ethical issues caused by infertility. Counseling allows couples to discuss their normal reactions to infertility and helps them cope with the psychological toll, including stress, anxiety, and depression.
Psychotherapy has a biological basis in that it allows for growth and development that offsets negative behaviors. Culture and religion influence one's perspective on psychotherapy as they shape perceptions and ideas about appropriate treatment options. Socioeconomic status can impact access to psychotherapy and treatment outcomes, as those with lower education, income, and in poorer areas are less likely to begin or continue psychotherapy.
Psychotherapy has a biological basis in that it allows for growth and development that offsets negative behaviors. Culture and religion influence one's perspective on psychotherapy as they shape perceptions and ideas about appropriate treatment options. Socioeconomic status can impact access to psychotherapy and treatment outcomes, as those with lower education, income, and in poorer areas are less likely to begin or continue psychotherapy.
This document provides information about a two-day introductory workshop on sexology and sexuality presented by Dr. Elmari Mulder Craig and Delene Van Dyk. The workshop will address topics including sexual identity, historical aspects of human sexuality, sexual rights, sexual anatomy and response, psychological barriers to sexuality, sexual dysfunctions, sexual history taking, and transference and countertransference in therapy. It will be held on February 13, 2015 in Pretoria and February 20, 2015 in Cape Town, and offers CPD points for various professions. The workshop aims to provide basic knowledge of human sexuality to health practitioners to help address clients' sexual wellbeing and needs.
Couple therapy and treatment of sexual dysfunctionGladys Escalante
Psychology: Couple Therapy and Transsexual dysfunction
sex, Dr. Steven Mendoza, Marriage and Family Therapy,
Treatment of sexual dysfunction, Clinical Psychology,
SURVEY OF PERSONAL WELLBEING. REPORT & EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
It is estimated that more than 450 million people in the world are affected by ‘disorders of the mind’, manifested by emotional or mental distress. The challenges for prevention and healing are significant, ranging from the social stigma that prevents people from seeking help, a lack of awareness in people themselves, insufficient resources and trained professionals, and the lack of culturally informed assessment and support.
As the world experiences unprecedented social and demographic change, wellbeing (‘social capital’) has risen up the political agenda for a complex mix of philosophical and economic factors. At the personal level, wellbeing enables us to live fulfilled lives.
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EFFECTS OF HUMANISTIC-EXISTENTIAL THERAPY ON SELF-CONTROL AMONG REHABILITATED FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN OSUN STATE
1. International Journal of Education (IJE) Vol.9, No.4, December 2021
DOI:10.5121/ije.2021.9408 103
EFFECTS OF HUMANISTIC-EXISTENTIAL
THERAPY ON SELF-CONTROL AMONG
REHABILITATED FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN
OSUN STATE
Adeola Shobola
Department of Educational Foundations and Counselling,
Faculty of Education, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The study determined the effect of Humanistic-Existential Therapy (HET) on self-control of rehabilitated
female sex workers in Osun State and investigated the effect of demographic variables on the effectiveness
of HET on the workers. The study adopted the pretest-posttest, control group quasi-experimental research
design. The population comprised rehabilitated female sex workers who visited the Living Hope Care at
Ilesa regularly for medical and sex guidance. The sample comprised 64 rehabilitated female sex workers
selected from brothels in Osun State using purposive and convenient sampling techniques. The HET of Kirk
Schneider (2008) treatment package used; while the Tangney, Baumeister, and Boone (2004) self-control
was used. Data collected were analysed using percentage, counts, and Analysis of Covariance
(ANCOVA).The results showed a significant effect of humanistic-existential therapy on the self-control of
the participants at (F= 28.772, df =1, p-value =0.000). It further showed the respondents’ age (F= 1.229,
df =5, p-value =0.35), family background (F= 2.152, df =1, p-value =0.166); while marital status (F=
2.82, df =4, p-value =0.069) had no significant simple moderating effect on the effectiveness of HET on the
self-control of the participants. The study concluded that Humanistic-Existential Therapy was effective in
treating self-control of the rehabilitated female sex workers.
KEYWORDS
Humanistic-Existential Therapy, Self-Control, Rehabilitated, Sex Workers
1. INTRODUCTION
Rehabilitation in any form is meant for correction and proper adjustment into a new way of life
for an individual. It occurs only in situations where the formal way of life is detrimental to the
individual and perhaps others around him/her. It could take place in the social, personal,
financial, and career of an individual. Sex workers engage in the exchange of sexual activities for
monetary gains. Engagement in sex work behaviour is not welcomed in some nations of the
world especially in Nigeria, thus; some sex workers have been helped to withdraw from such an
act.
Sex work is seemingly risky because at times the worker may experience ritual killing or attempt,
being trafficked, and sexually abuse. The work also lacks a reliable future, therefore the
government and non-governmental organisations have tried in some ways to rehabilitate the
female sex workers by educating and engaging them in skill acquisitions such as tailoring,
hairdressing, leatherwork, catering, just to mention a few. Also, the government and these
2. International Journal of Education (IJE) Vol.9, No.4, December 2021
104
organisations have helped in securing comfortable accommodations out of the brothels for some
of the rehabilitated female sex workers. Some governments had also tried establishing some of
the female sex workers by providing them with capital/money or soft loan as start-up capital for
their businesses.
Despite all efforts of both the government and some NGOs to help the female sex workers, some
rehabilitated female sex workers still fall back into sex work. The height of this is when
rehabilitated female sex workers indulge in the work alongside their newly acquired skills. They
call themselves ‘Very Important Personnel’ (VIP) sex workers since they have a well-paying job,
and accommodation outside the brothel. Their mode of operation is to visit any party and present
themselves well at such parties for rich men in the social party who may require their sex work
services. Some others return to the brothels with the working tools given to them after the
rehabilitation process to continue with sex work.
Some reasons have been posited to be responsible for female sex workers to re-enter sex work
after being rehabilitated. Some of the reasons are that some female sex workers have high level of
libido and their inability to control it. Therefore, there is the need to introduce psychological
therapy to the female sex workers to help them develop a high level of self-control. This study
therefore adopted humanistic-existential therapy of Kirk Schneider in treating self-control of the
rehabilitated female sex workers.
Some other female sex workers find themselves in the act as a result of sexual abuse at an early
age. Many of these girl/ladies are brought to the city with the mind of getting educated by going
to school in order to secure a better future but only to be introduced to sex work by their
masters/mistresses who bring them to the city. Having been exposed to sex work for a period of
time and having internalised and adopted it as a way to live a comfortable life, it may become
difficult to quit such practice even when they are being equipped with better life.
In some previous studies, in which counselling intervention was successfully applied to provide
solutions to emotional and psychological problems that are related to self-control faced by or
similar to those problems faced by rehabilitated female sex workers. For instance, Parrish,
Standard, and Cobia, (2008) demonstrated that humanistic-existential therapy is useful in helping
adolescents who exhibit inappropriate sexual behaviour since it addresses other underlining
problems of mental health and emotional problems such as depression, trauma, behavioural
disorders, and developmental deficits. Also, Jafari, Agbaei and Rashidi (2020), carried out a
research on couples who were having marital challenges using humanistic-existential therapy as a
therapeutic treatment and discovered that existential humanistic therapy was effective in
improving their love attitude and search for meaning in life.
Despite the perceived effectiveness of humanistic-existential therapy, there is also a dearth of
research-based evidence as regards its effectiveness in proffering psychological help to sex
workers. In line with these, there is the need to investigate the effectiveness of the therapy on
self-control of rehabilitated female sex workers also, to compare the effect of demographic
variables on the therapy; hence this study.
2. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of humanistic-existential therapy on self-
control. Also to determine the efficacy of humanistic-existential therapy and by so doing, the
therapy’s efficacy in improving the self-control of female sex workers will be ascertained. The
specific objectives of the study are to:
3. International Journal of Education (IJE) Vol.9, No.4, December 2021
105
(a) examine the effect of humanistic-existential therapy on self-control of the rehabilitated
female sex workers; and
(b) investigate the effect of demographic variables (age, family background, marital status,
socio-economic status, and level of formal education) on the effectiveness of humanistic-
existential therapy on self-control of the rehabilitated female sex workers;
2.1. Research Hypotheses
The hypotheses are as follows:
1. There is no significant effect of humanistic-existential therapy on the self-control among
rehabilitated female sex workers in Osun State; and
2. There is no significant effect of demographic variables (age, background, marital status,
level of education) on the effectiveness of humanistic-existential therapy on the self-
control of rehabilitated female sex workers in the State.
2.2. Research Design
The research work was an experimental study adopting the pretest-posttest, control research
design. The study sought to examine the effects of Humanistic Existential Therapy (HET) on the
self-control of rehabilitated female sex workers in Nigeria. The study applied a counselling
intervention on two separate but statistically identical groups of female sex workers as
experimental and control groups. The statistical similarity among the groups of research
participants was 50 rehabilitated female sex workers in each group to ensure baseline uniformity
between and among the groups; therefore, ensuring no group had an undue advantage over the
other before treatment.
2.3. Sample and Sampling Techniques
The sample consisted of one hundred (100) female sex workers selected based on purposive
sampling technique (female sex workers who returned to the job having been trained in
acquisition of skills) and this sample represented 50% of the population of female sex workers
that converged at Ilesa but lived in different towns within Osun State.
The female sex workers were consulted through the owner of Living Hope Care and their consent
was sought to participate in the treatment programme. To participate in the study, the
rehabilitated female sex workers were required to complete a questionnaire that was provided for
them to identify their levels of self-control, and those willing to participate in the counselling
treatment were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The 50 participants each were
conveniently assigned into two groups making a total number of 100 participants in the
experimental group and control group. The experimental group was subjected to Humanistic-
Existential Therapy. The Humanistic-Existential group was met at Ilesa, and the control group
was met at Osogbo. The control group was subjected to a placebo treatment that involved training
with no therapeutic effect on self-control and this was centred on discussions on skills acquired in
the past.
2.4. Research Instruments
Two instruments titled ‘Humanistic Existential Treatment Package’, and ‘Self-control of
Rehabilitated Female Sex Workers Questionnaire’ (SRFSWQ) were used to collect data for this
4. International Journal of Education (IJE) Vol.9, No.4, December 2021
106
study. The questionnaire had two sections consisting of Demographic variables, Self-Control
Scale.
2.5. Validation of Research Instrument
The research instrument was given to experts in the departments of Psychology and Mental
Health of the Obafemi Awolowo University. The experts having assessed all the items of the
instrument in terms of language acceptability, relevance to the study and suitability for the
respondents, all the comments and constructive criticisms passed on certain aspects of the
instrument was duly noted and implemented during the reconstruction process. The instrument
was also interpreted into Yoruba and Pidgin English Languages for the respondents to understand
the contents of the questionnaire.
The instrument for the study was trial-tested with 30 sex workers in Lagos State and these were
not part of the final sample of the study. The response from the administered questionnaire was
subjected to factorial analysis for the construct validity of the instrument. To ascertain the
usability of factorial validation for the items in each section of the questionnaire, Kaiser-Meyer-
Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity (BTS) tests were carried out to ascertain the
suitability of the items for factorial validation. The KMO value for section B was greater than the
critical value at 0.05 level of significance. The Cronbach’s Alpha approach was adopted in
determining the reliability of the scale and yield 0.870
2.6. Procedure for Data Collection
The researcher gained access to the rehabilitated female sex workers through the Director of
Living Hope Care. At the first meeting with the female sex workers, 200 female sex workers
were in attendance out of which only 100 of them who had undergone rehabilitation were willing
to be part of the therapeutic training. They were then divided into two groups of 50 participants
each based on the town they reside in the State. The female sex workers in the experimental
group consisted of sex workers in Ile-Ife and its environs. They were met at the Obafemi
Awolowo University campus. While the control group consisted of sex workers in Osogbo and
were met there. The researcher was assisted with the experimental group by two research
assistants while the assistance of a social worker was sought for the control group in Osogbo. The
meetings lasted six weeks for each of the groups and it was carried out simultaneously. At the
end of the 6th week, the participants had reduced during the cause of the training to 31, 33 for the
experimental, and control groups respectively due to Covid-19 pandemic.
3. RESULTS
Hypothesis one: There is no significant effect of humanistic-existential therapy on the self-
control among rehabilitated female sex workers in Osun State.
To test this research hypothesis, the pre-test and post-test computed self-control scores of
participants who have been exposed to the humanistic-existential therapy and the control group
were subjected to tests of difference using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with their pre-test
scores as covariates. The experimental group exposed to the humanistic-existential therapy
consisted of 31 participants while the control group consisted of 33 participants. The results of
the descriptive statistics and ANCOVA are presented in Table 1.
5. International Journal of Education (IJE) Vol.9, No.4, December 2021
107
*N=Sample Size
Table 1 reveals that the participants in the experimental group exposed to the humanistic-
existential therapy have a pre-test mean score of 76.16±6.2775 and a post-test score of
61.61±5.401 while the participants in the control group have a pre-test mean score of
77.85±10.8430 and a post-test score of 71.24±11.93. Furthermore, the test of mean difference
using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with their pre-test scores used as covariates is
presented in Table 2.
Table 2. ANCOVA showing the effect of humanistic-existential therapy on self-control among
rehabilitated female sex workers in Osun State
Dependent Variable: Self-Control (Post-test)
Source Type III
Sum of
Squares
Df Mean Square F p-value Partial Eta
Squared
Corrected Model 4604.532a
2 2302.266 60.873 .000 .666
Intercept 22.557 1 22.557 .596 .443 .010
Self-Control
(pre-test)
3122.338 1 3122.338 82.556 .000 .575
Group 1088.173 1 1088.173 28.772 .000 .320
Error 2307.077 61 37.821
Total
290601.00
0
64
Corrected Total 6911.609 63
a. R Squared = .666 (Adjusted R Squared = .655)
From Table 2, given that F= 28.772, df =1, P-value =0.000 < 0.05, it showed that there is a
significant effect of humanistic-existential therapy on the self-control among rehabilitated female
sex workers. It was also observed that 66.6% of the variance in the participants’ self-control is
explained by this model. Hence, the null hypothesis was rejected and it was concluded that there
is a significant effect of humanistic-existential therapy on the level of self-control among
rehabilitated female sex workers in Nigeria.
Hypothesis Two: There is no significant moderating effect of demographic variables (age, family
background, marital status) on the effectiveness of HET on the self-control of rehabilitated
female sex workers in the State.
To test this research hypothesis, the pre-test and post-test computed self-control scores of
participants who have been exposed to the humanistic-existential therapy and the control group
was subjected to test of difference using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with their pre-test
scores used as covariate and age, family background and marital status used as fixed factors. The
results of the ANCOVA are presented in Table 3.
Table 1. Descriptive Statistics of pre-test and post-test scores obtained by participants exposed to the
humanistic-existential therapy and control group
Pre-test Post-test
Group Mean Std. Deviation Mean Std. Deviation N
EXPERIMENTAL 76.16 6.2775 61.61 5.4017 31
CONTROL 77.85 10.8430 71.24 11.9296 33
6. International Journal of Education (IJE) Vol.9, No.4, December 2021
108
Table 3. ANCOVA showing the effect of demographic variables (age, family background) on the
effectiveness of HET on self-control of rehabilitated female sex workers
Source Type III Sum
of Squares
Df Mean Square F Sig. Partial Eta
Squared
Corrected Model 6607.121a
50 132.142 5.642 .001 .956
Intercept 24.189 1 24.189 1.033 .328 .074
Pre-test 750.261 1 750.261 32.032 .000 .711
Group 710.922 1 710.922 30.352 .000 .700
Age 143.910 5 28.782 1.229 .350 .321
Family Type 50.416 1 50.416 2.152 .166 .142
Marital status 264.221 4 66.055 2.820 .069 .465
Group * Age 188.012 5 37.602 1.605 .227 .382
Group * Family Type 1.878 1 1.878 .080 .782 .006
Group * Marital status 51.142 4 12.786 .546 .705 .144
Age * Family Type 213.877 4 53.469 2.283 .116 .413
Age * Marital status 141.138 6 23.523 1.004 .463 .317
Family Type * Marital
status
290.522 3 96.841 4.135 .029 .488
Group * Age * Family
Type
116.037 4 29.009 1.239 .343 .276
Group * Age * Marital
status
425.347 6 70.891 3.027 .045 .583
Group * Family Type *
Marital status
77.092 3 25.697 1.097 .385 .202
Error 304.489 13 23.422
Total 290601.000 64
Corrected Total 6911.609
63
a. R Squared = .956 (Adjusted R Squared = .787)
From Table 3, age of respondents (F= 1.229, df =5, P-value =0.35 > 0.05), Family background
(F= 2.152, df =1, P-value =0.166 > 0.05) and Marital status (F= 2.82, df =4, P-value =0.069 >
0.05) do not have a significant simple moderating effect on the effectiveness of HET on the self-
control of rehabilitated female sex workers. However, there existed a significant independent
interaction effect of Family Type and Marital status (F= 4.135, df =3, P-value =0.029 < 0.05) as
well as a main interaction effect of Age and Marital status across groups (F= 3.027, df =6, P-
value =0.045 < 0.05) on the effectiveness of HET on the self-control of rehabilitated female sex
workers. Hence, the null hypothesis was rejected and it can be concluded that there is a
significant moderating interaction effect of Age and Marital status on the effectiveness of HET
on the self-control of rehabilitated female sex workers in the State.
4. DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
The primary goal of this study was to determine the effect of humanistic-existential therapy on
self-control among rehabilitated female sex workers. The result of the first research hypothesis
showed that there is a significant difference between the post-test mean scores of the humanistic-
existential group and the control group. This led to the conclusion that humanistic-existential
therapy was effective in improving the self-control of rehabilitated female sex workers.
Humanistic-existential therapy as a counselling technique has been widely used in the modern-
day counselling practice and proven effective in resolving diverse psychological problems
ranging from drug and substance abuse, addiction, anxiety, neuroticism, depression, and suicidal
ideation (O’Connor & Chamberlain, 1996). Since some of these psychological issues are similar
to those experienced by the rehabilitated female sex workers, it is therefore expected that
7. International Journal of Education (IJE) Vol.9, No.4, December 2021
109
humanistic-existential therapy will be efficiently helpful in improving their level of self-control;
hence, the observed effects in its application. After therapy, rehabilitated female sex workers
have a lower monetary expenditure associated with sexual dependent habits, a better quality of
life, a greater sense of control over their addiction, and trust in their ability to sustain their
rehabilitation. This is in line with some scientific discoveries about the effect of humanistic-
existential therapy. According to Bauman and Kopp (2010), sex offenders are harshly critical of
themselves, have a great deal of guilt and self-blame for their behaviour, and feel ostracized and
branded by society because of this aspect of themselves. In the five years, Bauman and Kopp had
been conducting this group; no member had re-offended to their knowledge after using the
humanistic-existential therapy to treat the sex offenders. Quadland (1985) as cited by Klontz,
Garos, and Klontz (2005), reported a noteworthy reduction in several areas of problematic sexual
behaviors in the treatment group six months after treatment carried out among gay and bisexual
men. While this is contrary to the finding of Wan, Finlayson, and Rowles (2000), who reported a
high rate of relapse in some or all sexually dependent behaviours identified in treatment admitted
on their clients. The therapy is an effective tool in treating self-control among rehabilitated
female sex workers.
The second research hypothesis was there is no significant moderating effect of demographic
variables (age, family background, marital status) on the effectiveness of HET on the self-control
of rehabilitated female sex workers in the State. The respondents’ age, family type, marital status
does not have a significant simple moderating effect on the effectiveness of HET on the self-
control of rehabilitated female sex workers. However, there exists a significant independent
interaction effect of family type and marital status, as well as a main interaction effect of age and
marital status across groups on the effectiveness of HET on the self-control of rehabilitated
female sex workers. Hence, the null hypothesis was rejected and it can be concluded that there is
a significant moderating interaction effect of age and marital status on the effectiveness of HET
on the self-control of rehabilitated female sex workers in the State.
5. CONCLUSION
The results obtained from this study established that Humanistic-Existential Therapy exerts a
significant effect on the level of self-control of rehabilitated female sex workers in Osun State.
Recommendations
The following recommendations were made
1. Humanistic-Existential Therapy is a good therapy that can be used by any organisation
rendering rehabilitation to maladaptive behaviour persons such as sexual disorders,
addiction to drugs, and gambling, etc.
2. The government and NGOs as well as counsellors should make use of the information
provided in this study to assist sex workers who are ready to quit the profession.
REFERENCES
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[3] Parrish, M. S., Stanard, R. P., & Cobia, D. C. (2008). Using existential-humanistic approaches in
counselling adolescents with inappropriate sexual behaviours. Journal of Humanistic Counselling,
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[4] Quadland, M. C. (1985). Compulsive sexual behavior: Definition of a problem and an approach to
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