Recent trends in global circumstances have focused on one goal of educating every child on the globe.
The growing problems of quality manpower shortages, international circumstances, and advancement in the
sciences, professional and specialized fields have contributed to the increasing awareness of the importance of
modifying academic achievement of underachieving students. In today’s society, according to Howard and
Solberg (2006), education is highly valued and a necessary prerequisite to becoming successful and
experiencing at least a moderately high quality of life as an adult. It is important to note that academic
achievements is very important to the adolescent population and as submitted by Marsh (1990) it is extremely
important given the correlation between school achievement and positive outcomes over the life span
A comparative study of secondary school students’ performanceAlexander Decker
This study compared the performance of secondary school students in English and Social Studies in Osun State, Nigeria. The following key points are summarized:
1. Test results from 800 students across 10 schools showed a significant difference in performance between English and Social Studies, with higher average scores in Social Studies.
2. Scores varied significantly across the 10 schools in both subjects.
3. However, gender, school location, and school type (public vs. private) were not found to significantly influence student performance in either subject.
4. The researchers concluded students performed better in Social Studies than English, possibly due to factors other than English language proficiency influencing Social Studies understanding. Consistent teacher training was recommended to
A correlational analysis of students achievement in waec and neco mathematicsAlexander Decker
1) The study examines the relationship between student achievement in mathematics on the WAEC and NECO examinations in four secondary schools in Nigeria.
2) The analysis found a significant positive relationship between student performance in mathematics on both examinations, contrary to the hypothesis that there would be no relationship.
3) It is recommended that students should feel comfortable taking either exam since the results are equivalent.
A Correlational Analysis of Students’ Achievement in WASSCE and NECO (SSCE) M...iosrjce
This study presents the findings of the relationship between students’ achievement in Senior School
Certificate Examination (SSCE) Mathematics conducted by the West African Examination Council (WAEC) and
the National Examination Council (NECO) in four selected secondary schools in Ifedayo Local Government
Area , Osun State, Nigeria.
The analysis showed that there is significant positive relationship between Mathematics in all the selected
schools contrary to the hypothesis that says there is no relationship in West African Senior School Certificate
Examination (WASSCE) and Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) NECO Mathematics results in the
schools.
It is therefore recommended that students should develop more interest in sitting for either of the two
examinations since they produce equivalent results.
Factors Related to Secondary School Students’ Choice of Agriculture Subject i...iosrjce
In Kenya, subjects that students choose have a lot of influence on their careers. The Ministry of
Education (MOE) in Kenya requires that secondary school students register for a minimum of seven and a
maximum of nine subjects when they join form three. These subjects are grouped into various categories
including; Sciences, Languages, Humanities, Technicals and Foreign languages. Agriculture is grouped among
the many Technical subjects, which students only select one, despite its prospects in several careers like
veterinary medicine, zoology, forestry and teaching among others. This situation of subject choice is the same in
Uriri Sub-County where several technical subjects are offered in secondary schools. In the recent past, the
number of students taking Agriculture has recorded an increase. Due to the key importance of Agriculture in the
economy, there is need to maintain this upward trend. This study sought to find out the influence of involvement
in peer group activities and students’ interest on the choice to study Agriculture among secondary school
students in Uriri Sub-County. The study employed ex-post facto research design. The target population in the
study was 262 form three students who had opted for Agriculture. 152 Agriculture students were drawn by
proportionate stratified random sampling. A questionnaire with closed ended items was used to collect data.
Data collection was preceded by a pilot test whose analysis resulted in a reliability coefficient of 0.78 indicating
that the instrument was reliable. Data was analysed using SPSS package version 22 and presented using
frequencies and percentages. Inferential statistics (chi-square) was used test hypotheses at α=0.05. Involvement
in peer group activities was found to be high but did not statistically influence the choice of Agriculture while
students’ interest in Agriculture was high and statistically influenced the decision to study Agriculture.
Effect of gender on students academic achievement in secondary school social ...Alexander Decker
1) The study investigated the effect of gender on academic achievement in Social Studies among 180 secondary school students in Delta and Edo States, Nigeria.
2) The results showed that gender had no significant effect on student achievement in Social Studies, though females in the experimental groups gained more than males.
3) There was a significant interaction effect found between the teaching strategies (simulation games, brainstorming, lecture method) and gender on student academic achievement in Social Studies. Specifically, males performed better with simulation games and lecture method while females performed better with brainstorming.
Effect of gender and location on students’ achievement in chemistry in second...Alexander Decker
The study investigated the effect of gender and location on students' achievement in chemistry in secondary schools in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. It analyzed data from 827 students in 8 secondary schools. The findings showed that male students achieved significantly higher scores than female students in both urban and rural schools. There was no significant difference in achievement between students in urban versus rural schools. However, within urban schools only, boys achieved significantly higher scores than girls. The study concluded that gender influences achievement more than location.
This document discusses factors that influence secondary school academic program planning, including family academic preference, teacher quality standards, and student personal interest. It reports on a study that examined the influence of these three factors on academic program planning in secondary schools in Nigeria. The study found that family academic preference, teacher quality standards, and student personal interest all have a measurable influence on secondary school academic program planning in the region studied.
A comparative study of secondary school students’ performanceAlexander Decker
This study compared the performance of secondary school students in English and Social Studies in Osun State, Nigeria. The following key points are summarized:
1. Test results from 800 students across 10 schools showed a significant difference in performance between English and Social Studies, with higher average scores in Social Studies.
2. Scores varied significantly across the 10 schools in both subjects.
3. However, gender, school location, and school type (public vs. private) were not found to significantly influence student performance in either subject.
4. The researchers concluded students performed better in Social Studies than English, possibly due to factors other than English language proficiency influencing Social Studies understanding. Consistent teacher training was recommended to
A correlational analysis of students achievement in waec and neco mathematicsAlexander Decker
1) The study examines the relationship between student achievement in mathematics on the WAEC and NECO examinations in four secondary schools in Nigeria.
2) The analysis found a significant positive relationship between student performance in mathematics on both examinations, contrary to the hypothesis that there would be no relationship.
3) It is recommended that students should feel comfortable taking either exam since the results are equivalent.
A Correlational Analysis of Students’ Achievement in WASSCE and NECO (SSCE) M...iosrjce
This study presents the findings of the relationship between students’ achievement in Senior School
Certificate Examination (SSCE) Mathematics conducted by the West African Examination Council (WAEC) and
the National Examination Council (NECO) in four selected secondary schools in Ifedayo Local Government
Area , Osun State, Nigeria.
The analysis showed that there is significant positive relationship between Mathematics in all the selected
schools contrary to the hypothesis that says there is no relationship in West African Senior School Certificate
Examination (WASSCE) and Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) NECO Mathematics results in the
schools.
It is therefore recommended that students should develop more interest in sitting for either of the two
examinations since they produce equivalent results.
Factors Related to Secondary School Students’ Choice of Agriculture Subject i...iosrjce
In Kenya, subjects that students choose have a lot of influence on their careers. The Ministry of
Education (MOE) in Kenya requires that secondary school students register for a minimum of seven and a
maximum of nine subjects when they join form three. These subjects are grouped into various categories
including; Sciences, Languages, Humanities, Technicals and Foreign languages. Agriculture is grouped among
the many Technical subjects, which students only select one, despite its prospects in several careers like
veterinary medicine, zoology, forestry and teaching among others. This situation of subject choice is the same in
Uriri Sub-County where several technical subjects are offered in secondary schools. In the recent past, the
number of students taking Agriculture has recorded an increase. Due to the key importance of Agriculture in the
economy, there is need to maintain this upward trend. This study sought to find out the influence of involvement
in peer group activities and students’ interest on the choice to study Agriculture among secondary school
students in Uriri Sub-County. The study employed ex-post facto research design. The target population in the
study was 262 form three students who had opted for Agriculture. 152 Agriculture students were drawn by
proportionate stratified random sampling. A questionnaire with closed ended items was used to collect data.
Data collection was preceded by a pilot test whose analysis resulted in a reliability coefficient of 0.78 indicating
that the instrument was reliable. Data was analysed using SPSS package version 22 and presented using
frequencies and percentages. Inferential statistics (chi-square) was used test hypotheses at α=0.05. Involvement
in peer group activities was found to be high but did not statistically influence the choice of Agriculture while
students’ interest in Agriculture was high and statistically influenced the decision to study Agriculture.
Effect of gender on students academic achievement in secondary school social ...Alexander Decker
1) The study investigated the effect of gender on academic achievement in Social Studies among 180 secondary school students in Delta and Edo States, Nigeria.
2) The results showed that gender had no significant effect on student achievement in Social Studies, though females in the experimental groups gained more than males.
3) There was a significant interaction effect found between the teaching strategies (simulation games, brainstorming, lecture method) and gender on student academic achievement in Social Studies. Specifically, males performed better with simulation games and lecture method while females performed better with brainstorming.
Effect of gender and location on students’ achievement in chemistry in second...Alexander Decker
The study investigated the effect of gender and location on students' achievement in chemistry in secondary schools in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. It analyzed data from 827 students in 8 secondary schools. The findings showed that male students achieved significantly higher scores than female students in both urban and rural schools. There was no significant difference in achievement between students in urban versus rural schools. However, within urban schools only, boys achieved significantly higher scores than girls. The study concluded that gender influences achievement more than location.
This document discusses factors that influence secondary school academic program planning, including family academic preference, teacher quality standards, and student personal interest. It reports on a study that examined the influence of these three factors on academic program planning in secondary schools in Nigeria. The study found that family academic preference, teacher quality standards, and student personal interest all have a measurable influence on secondary school academic program planning in the region studied.
Determinants of academic performance in kenya certificate of secondary educat...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study investigating the determinants of academic performance on the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) exam in Kiambu County, Kenya from 2007-2010. The study found that:
1) Many schools lacked well-equipped science laboratories and libraries. Lecture-based teaching was dominant over other methods.
2) Most students entered secondary school with weak academic backgrounds, scoring 201-300/500 on the KCPE exam.
3) Supervision of curriculum implementation was insufficient, and syllabus coverage was often incomplete.
Evaluation of enrolment and performance patterns of male and Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the enrollment and academic performance patterns of male and female students in the Guidance and Counseling program at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria from 2008-2013. The study found that female students made up the majority (59.07%) of enrollments, and that there was no significant difference in the academic performance of male and female students, with females not performing significantly better. The study concluded that the Guidance and Counseling course is suitable for both men and women.
An assesment of dropout rates of pupils in public primary schools in kubo div...Alexander Decker
This summary provides the key details from the document in 3 sentences:
This academic article examines dropout rates of pupils in public primary schools in Kubo Division, Kwale County, Kenya between 2003 and 2010. It finds that average dropout rates gradually increased from class one to class six before declining between classes seven and eight. The study recommends that school authorities further investigate the factors contributing to higher dropout rates between classes six and seven.
Poverty of the mind is regarded as poor self-concept or image, a feeling of inadequacy and lack of will to achieve the object of one’s desires. Students who are poor at the mind tend to lack resolute determination and the will to succeed. They are not motivated, they lack unwavering faith in achieving anything worth-while, they are contented in their misery – “little world” and are wishful thinkers.
Causes of mass failure in senior school certificate mathematics examinationsAlexander Decker
1. The study examined the causes of mass failure in Senior Secondary Certificate Examinations in Mathematics as viewed by secondary school teachers and students in Ondo, Nigeria.
2. Key findings from teachers and students included that laziness on the part of students and lack of frequent practice by students were major factors responsible for mass failure. Additional causes included poor mathematical background, parental influence on career choice, and society viewing mathematics as difficult.
3. Teachers and students also identified teacher-related causes such as incompetent handling of difficult topics, poor teaching methods, and lack of practical activities as contributing to mass failure. Government paying poor salaries to teachers was another cited cause.
This document summarizes a study on the impact of educational resources and secondary school students' achievement in mathematics in Lagos, Nigeria. It provides background on the importance of education and mathematics. Statistics are presented on students' poor performance on WAEC mathematics exams from 2004-2007, with over 50% scoring below credit level. The Lagos State Government has implemented programs like the Eko Project to improve education quality by providing resources like teacher training, assessment, and grants. The study will examine how instructional materials, learning enhancement resources, and teacher training as educational resources impact students' mathematics achievement, accounting for sex and age differences. Previous research shows a positive relationship between resources and academic performance.
A study in mathemagenic activities gender differences in understanding chemis...Alexander Decker
This study examined the impact of "mathemagenic activities" on gender differences in understanding chemistry concepts. 360 Nigerian high school students were given pre- and post-tests after exposure to experimental or control conditions. Results showed students in experimental groups that used instructional objectives, adjunct questions, and combined modes performed better than control groups, with no significant differences between male and female students. The study suggests these approaches can be adopted in chemistry classes without emphasizing gender. Previous research on gender differences in science achievement has been inconclusive, though some studies found males perform better in chemistry problem-solving while females outperform in language arts. This study investigated whether gender impacts chemistry performance when using mathemagenic activities.
11.a correlational analysis of students achievement in waec and neco mathematicsAlexander Decker
This study analyzed the relationship between student achievement in mathematics exams administered by WAEC and NECO in four secondary schools in Nigeria from 2000-2004. The correlation coefficients between student scores on the WAEC and NECO math exams were calculated for each school. Statistical analysis showed a significant positive relationship between student performance on the WAEC and NECO math exams in all schools. This indicates that students who perform well on one exam also tend to perform well on the other. The study concludes that students can choose to take either exam since the results are equivalent.
The research examined the effectiveness of activities collaborative group poster strategy and on academic achievement of senior secondary school students on genetics concept in Dawakin-kudu Educational Zone Kano State, Nigeria. The study has three research objectives guided by three research questions and three hypotheses.
Effectiveness of video based cooperative learning strategy on high, medium an...Gambari Isiaka
The study investigated the effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic video-based instructional strategies on the math performance of high, medium, and low achieving students. 120 secondary students were assigned to the four groups: cooperative video instruction, competitive video instruction, individualized video instruction, and conventional teaching as the control group. Analysis of variance found significant differences in performance between the groups, favoring cooperative learning. Cooperative learning was most effective in improving performance across achievement levels compared to competitive and individualized settings. The study recommends the use of cooperative learning strategies in math teaching.
Some factors affecting the performance of secondary school students in chemi...Alexander Decker
This study examined factors that influence the performance of secondary school students in chemistry in Kolokuma/Opokuma local government area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study investigated the relationship between students' chemistry exam scores and their attitudes/interest, previous preparation, study style, parental involvement, and teachers' expectations. A survey was administered to 600 secondary school students across 10 schools. Results found that all factors had a statistically significant positive correlation with exam scores, with previous preparation having the strongest relationship and attitude/interest having the weakest. The study concluded that multiple variables influence student performance in chemistry.
The development of science education should be accorded a primal place in the overall framework of stabilizing the Nigerian economy. The paper examines the contributions of science education in the development of Nigerian economy, the paper observes that effective science education help control menaces bedeviling our education system. and practical policies are crucial in advancing Nigeria economically, given the huge challenges facing the giant of Africa. An alternate use of technical or innovative science education from oil which is about to go extinct. Corruption and examination malpractice are identified to be rubbishing every efforts made towards attainment of improved science education that could guarantee sustained national development in Nigeria. This paper attempts to assess the contributions of science education in order to make significant progress in terms of national development and job creation.
Acorrelationalanalysisofstudentsachievementinwaecandnecomathematics 120126063...Nagpur home
This study analyzed the relationship between student achievement in mathematics exams administered by the West African Examination Council (WAEC) and the National Examination Council (NECO) in four secondary schools in Nigeria from 2000-2004. The correlation coefficients between student scores on the WAEC and NECO math exams were calculated. The analysis found a significant positive relationship between student performance on the two exams, contrary to the hypothesis that there would be no relationship. It is recommended that students can choose to take either exam since the results are equivalent.
Influence of universal basic education (ube) facilities on school learning en...Alexander Decker
1) The study investigated the influence of Universal Basic Education (UBE) facilities on the learning environment of junior secondary schools in Epe division of Lagos State, Nigeria.
2) Five hypotheses were tested regarding the impact of UBE facilities on classroom control, teacher-student interaction, student sitting arrangements, cooperative learning, and student stimulation.
3) Results found that UBE facilities had a significant positive influence on all five factors, as the schools with UBE facilities performed significantly better than those without on all measures. This indicates that UBE facilities enhance the learning environment.
Perceived causes and control of students’ crises in higher institutions in la...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the perceived causes and control of student crises in higher education institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study found that state-owned institutions experienced more frequent student crises than federal institutions. Major causes of student unrest included increases in tuition fees and inadequate attention to student welfare. Stable and moderate tuition fees were seen as an effective control measure. The study recommended allocating more funding to higher education institutions and involving students more in decision-making regarding issues that affect their welfare.
This study was a survey conducted to determine the influence of stake holders on student career choice particularly amongst undergraduate students in school of science education Federal College of Education, (Technical) Bichi Kano.
This study examined the learning styles of multi-ethnic students’ in four
selected universities in Klang Valley in terms of gender, program of studies and
iv
academic achievement levels. Using a modified Honey and Mumford learning
Style Questionnaire, 291 valid responses from two public and private
universities were subjected to further quantitative analyses of the study.
This study examined the effects of overcrowded classrooms on teacher-student interactions in secondary schools in Ilorin, Nigeria. The study found that overcrowded classrooms diminish the quality and quantity of teaching and learning, making it difficult to achieve educational goals. Both teachers and students identified rampant noise-making as the most serious problem caused by overcrowded classrooms. The study also found a weak positive correlation between teachers' and students' views on the most serious effects, and a moderate positive correlation on their views regarding coping strategies used by teachers. To address this issue, the study recommends that governments prioritize building additional classrooms and providing student furniture.
Academic Performance, Relationship with Gender and Mode of Admissioniosrjce
In this paper, we examine the impact of gender, mode of admission, parental higher institutional
status, family home status and campus residential status on students’ level of academic performance using the
concept and application of multinomial logistic regression model. The statistical analysis is carried out on a
random sampling of 289 students from all the schools/faculty in FUTA. Information required for the analysis
was obtained through the administration of questionnaire to answer the research questions and thereafter
applied chi–square and multinomial logistic regression methodology was employed. The result showed that,
gender and mode of admission significantly affect the level of performance and that more male student are more
likely to have a high performance compared to the female counterpart. Also students who reside on campus tend
to have a high performance compared to those who reside off campus.
Guided discovery learning strategy and senior school students performance in ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of guided discovery learning strategy on mathematics performance of senior secondary students in Nigeria. The study found:
1) Students taught using guided discovery learning performed significantly better on a mathematics test than students taught using non-guided methods.
2) Male and female students performed equally well when taught using guided discovery, showing gender had no impact on performance.
3) Higher scoring students benefited most from guided discovery, followed by medium scorers, while lower scorers benefited the least.
The study concluded that guided discovery learning is an effective strategy for improving mathematics performance, though benefits students of different scoring levels unevenly.
Determinants of academic performance in kenya certificate of secondary educat...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study investigating the determinants of academic performance on the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) exam in Kiambu County, Kenya from 2007-2010. The study found that:
1) Many schools lacked well-equipped science laboratories and libraries. Lecture-based teaching was dominant over other methods.
2) Most students entered secondary school with weak academic backgrounds, scoring 201-300/500 on the KCPE exam.
3) Supervision of curriculum implementation was insufficient, and syllabus coverage was often incomplete.
Evaluation of enrolment and performance patterns of male and Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the enrollment and academic performance patterns of male and female students in the Guidance and Counseling program at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria from 2008-2013. The study found that female students made up the majority (59.07%) of enrollments, and that there was no significant difference in the academic performance of male and female students, with females not performing significantly better. The study concluded that the Guidance and Counseling course is suitable for both men and women.
An assesment of dropout rates of pupils in public primary schools in kubo div...Alexander Decker
This summary provides the key details from the document in 3 sentences:
This academic article examines dropout rates of pupils in public primary schools in Kubo Division, Kwale County, Kenya between 2003 and 2010. It finds that average dropout rates gradually increased from class one to class six before declining between classes seven and eight. The study recommends that school authorities further investigate the factors contributing to higher dropout rates between classes six and seven.
Poverty of the mind is regarded as poor self-concept or image, a feeling of inadequacy and lack of will to achieve the object of one’s desires. Students who are poor at the mind tend to lack resolute determination and the will to succeed. They are not motivated, they lack unwavering faith in achieving anything worth-while, they are contented in their misery – “little world” and are wishful thinkers.
Causes of mass failure in senior school certificate mathematics examinationsAlexander Decker
1. The study examined the causes of mass failure in Senior Secondary Certificate Examinations in Mathematics as viewed by secondary school teachers and students in Ondo, Nigeria.
2. Key findings from teachers and students included that laziness on the part of students and lack of frequent practice by students were major factors responsible for mass failure. Additional causes included poor mathematical background, parental influence on career choice, and society viewing mathematics as difficult.
3. Teachers and students also identified teacher-related causes such as incompetent handling of difficult topics, poor teaching methods, and lack of practical activities as contributing to mass failure. Government paying poor salaries to teachers was another cited cause.
This document summarizes a study on the impact of educational resources and secondary school students' achievement in mathematics in Lagos, Nigeria. It provides background on the importance of education and mathematics. Statistics are presented on students' poor performance on WAEC mathematics exams from 2004-2007, with over 50% scoring below credit level. The Lagos State Government has implemented programs like the Eko Project to improve education quality by providing resources like teacher training, assessment, and grants. The study will examine how instructional materials, learning enhancement resources, and teacher training as educational resources impact students' mathematics achievement, accounting for sex and age differences. Previous research shows a positive relationship between resources and academic performance.
A study in mathemagenic activities gender differences in understanding chemis...Alexander Decker
This study examined the impact of "mathemagenic activities" on gender differences in understanding chemistry concepts. 360 Nigerian high school students were given pre- and post-tests after exposure to experimental or control conditions. Results showed students in experimental groups that used instructional objectives, adjunct questions, and combined modes performed better than control groups, with no significant differences between male and female students. The study suggests these approaches can be adopted in chemistry classes without emphasizing gender. Previous research on gender differences in science achievement has been inconclusive, though some studies found males perform better in chemistry problem-solving while females outperform in language arts. This study investigated whether gender impacts chemistry performance when using mathemagenic activities.
11.a correlational analysis of students achievement in waec and neco mathematicsAlexander Decker
This study analyzed the relationship between student achievement in mathematics exams administered by WAEC and NECO in four secondary schools in Nigeria from 2000-2004. The correlation coefficients between student scores on the WAEC and NECO math exams were calculated for each school. Statistical analysis showed a significant positive relationship between student performance on the WAEC and NECO math exams in all schools. This indicates that students who perform well on one exam also tend to perform well on the other. The study concludes that students can choose to take either exam since the results are equivalent.
The research examined the effectiveness of activities collaborative group poster strategy and on academic achievement of senior secondary school students on genetics concept in Dawakin-kudu Educational Zone Kano State, Nigeria. The study has three research objectives guided by three research questions and three hypotheses.
Effectiveness of video based cooperative learning strategy on high, medium an...Gambari Isiaka
The study investigated the effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic video-based instructional strategies on the math performance of high, medium, and low achieving students. 120 secondary students were assigned to the four groups: cooperative video instruction, competitive video instruction, individualized video instruction, and conventional teaching as the control group. Analysis of variance found significant differences in performance between the groups, favoring cooperative learning. Cooperative learning was most effective in improving performance across achievement levels compared to competitive and individualized settings. The study recommends the use of cooperative learning strategies in math teaching.
Some factors affecting the performance of secondary school students in chemi...Alexander Decker
This study examined factors that influence the performance of secondary school students in chemistry in Kolokuma/Opokuma local government area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study investigated the relationship between students' chemistry exam scores and their attitudes/interest, previous preparation, study style, parental involvement, and teachers' expectations. A survey was administered to 600 secondary school students across 10 schools. Results found that all factors had a statistically significant positive correlation with exam scores, with previous preparation having the strongest relationship and attitude/interest having the weakest. The study concluded that multiple variables influence student performance in chemistry.
The development of science education should be accorded a primal place in the overall framework of stabilizing the Nigerian economy. The paper examines the contributions of science education in the development of Nigerian economy, the paper observes that effective science education help control menaces bedeviling our education system. and practical policies are crucial in advancing Nigeria economically, given the huge challenges facing the giant of Africa. An alternate use of technical or innovative science education from oil which is about to go extinct. Corruption and examination malpractice are identified to be rubbishing every efforts made towards attainment of improved science education that could guarantee sustained national development in Nigeria. This paper attempts to assess the contributions of science education in order to make significant progress in terms of national development and job creation.
Acorrelationalanalysisofstudentsachievementinwaecandnecomathematics 120126063...Nagpur home
This study analyzed the relationship between student achievement in mathematics exams administered by the West African Examination Council (WAEC) and the National Examination Council (NECO) in four secondary schools in Nigeria from 2000-2004. The correlation coefficients between student scores on the WAEC and NECO math exams were calculated. The analysis found a significant positive relationship between student performance on the two exams, contrary to the hypothesis that there would be no relationship. It is recommended that students can choose to take either exam since the results are equivalent.
Influence of universal basic education (ube) facilities on school learning en...Alexander Decker
1) The study investigated the influence of Universal Basic Education (UBE) facilities on the learning environment of junior secondary schools in Epe division of Lagos State, Nigeria.
2) Five hypotheses were tested regarding the impact of UBE facilities on classroom control, teacher-student interaction, student sitting arrangements, cooperative learning, and student stimulation.
3) Results found that UBE facilities had a significant positive influence on all five factors, as the schools with UBE facilities performed significantly better than those without on all measures. This indicates that UBE facilities enhance the learning environment.
Perceived causes and control of students’ crises in higher institutions in la...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the perceived causes and control of student crises in higher education institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study found that state-owned institutions experienced more frequent student crises than federal institutions. Major causes of student unrest included increases in tuition fees and inadequate attention to student welfare. Stable and moderate tuition fees were seen as an effective control measure. The study recommended allocating more funding to higher education institutions and involving students more in decision-making regarding issues that affect their welfare.
This study was a survey conducted to determine the influence of stake holders on student career choice particularly amongst undergraduate students in school of science education Federal College of Education, (Technical) Bichi Kano.
This study examined the learning styles of multi-ethnic students’ in four
selected universities in Klang Valley in terms of gender, program of studies and
iv
academic achievement levels. Using a modified Honey and Mumford learning
Style Questionnaire, 291 valid responses from two public and private
universities were subjected to further quantitative analyses of the study.
This study examined the effects of overcrowded classrooms on teacher-student interactions in secondary schools in Ilorin, Nigeria. The study found that overcrowded classrooms diminish the quality and quantity of teaching and learning, making it difficult to achieve educational goals. Both teachers and students identified rampant noise-making as the most serious problem caused by overcrowded classrooms. The study also found a weak positive correlation between teachers' and students' views on the most serious effects, and a moderate positive correlation on their views regarding coping strategies used by teachers. To address this issue, the study recommends that governments prioritize building additional classrooms and providing student furniture.
Academic Performance, Relationship with Gender and Mode of Admissioniosrjce
In this paper, we examine the impact of gender, mode of admission, parental higher institutional
status, family home status and campus residential status on students’ level of academic performance using the
concept and application of multinomial logistic regression model. The statistical analysis is carried out on a
random sampling of 289 students from all the schools/faculty in FUTA. Information required for the analysis
was obtained through the administration of questionnaire to answer the research questions and thereafter
applied chi–square and multinomial logistic regression methodology was employed. The result showed that,
gender and mode of admission significantly affect the level of performance and that more male student are more
likely to have a high performance compared to the female counterpart. Also students who reside on campus tend
to have a high performance compared to those who reside off campus.
Guided discovery learning strategy and senior school students performance in ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of guided discovery learning strategy on mathematics performance of senior secondary students in Nigeria. The study found:
1) Students taught using guided discovery learning performed significantly better on a mathematics test than students taught using non-guided methods.
2) Male and female students performed equally well when taught using guided discovery, showing gender had no impact on performance.
3) Higher scoring students benefited most from guided discovery, followed by medium scorers, while lower scorers benefited the least.
The study concluded that guided discovery learning is an effective strategy for improving mathematics performance, though benefits students of different scoring levels unevenly.
This document discusses several factors that can influence student academic performance based on a review of related literature. It discusses internal classroom factors like student competence, class size, and external factors like family problems. It also discusses how social interaction plays an important role in cognitive development according to Vygotsky. Several studies found attendance has a positive correlation with performance, though a causal relationship cannot be determined. Physical activity is important for health and may positively impact classroom behavior and performance. Emotions and motivation also influence learning.
Enhancing students’ understanding of algebra concepts through cooperative com...Gambari Isiaka
This study investigated how using a cooperative computer instruction (CCI) approach could enhance students' understanding of algebra concepts, compared to individualized computer instruction (ICI) and conventional classroom instruction. 60 secondary school students in Nigeria were given a pre-test and post-test on mathematics achievement. Students who used CCI performed better on the post-test than those using ICI or conventional instruction. However, there was no significant difference in performance between male and female students using CCI or ICI. The study concluded that teachers should be encouraged to use cooperative computer instruction to improve student performance in mathematics concepts.
IMPACT OF TEACHER CHARACTERISTICS ON STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC...Kimberly Williams
This document summarizes a study that examined the impact of teacher characteristics on student academic performance in public secondary schools in Nigeria. The study used a survey design and collected data from 400 students across 3 schools. The findings showed that teachers' knowledge of the subject matter and teaching method had a significant positive relationship with student academic performance. Specifically, teachers who demonstrated mastery of the subject content, answered student questions well, and used varied teaching methods like field trips had a stronger impact on student learning and exam scores compared to those who relied solely on lectures. The study recommends ongoing teacher evaluation and professional development to help ensure teachers are effectively carrying out their duties.
Effectiveness of computer supported cooperative learningGambari Isiaka
This study investigated the effectiveness of different computer-supported cooperative learning strategies (STAD, Jigsaw II, and TAI) on senior secondary students' physics performance in Nigeria. 167 students from 4 classes participated. Students were assigned to learn about equilibrium of forces and simple harmonic motion using either an independent computer-assisted instruction or one of the cooperative strategies supported by a computer program. Pre- and post-tests were used to measure performance. The study found that the cooperative learning strategies enhanced performance more than independent instruction. Academic ability also influenced performance, but gender did not. This provides support for using computer-assisted instruction within cooperative learning settings to improve physics learning.
Influence of sex and ability level on students’ mathematics readiness in enug...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the influence of sex and ability level on students' mathematics readiness in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study found that:
1) In general, boys scored higher than girls on the mathematics readiness test (MATHRET).
2) The mean difference in scores between boys and girls was statistically significant across high, average, and low ability levels.
3) Both sex and ability level influence students' mathematics readiness. The study recommended establishing differentiated norms for boys and girls in each ability level.
Pedagogical Influences on Students’ Academic Achievements in KCSE in Public S...paperpublications3
1) The document discusses factors that influence student academic performance in KCSE examinations in Manga Sub County, Kenya. It examines the impact of pedagogy, teaching/learning resources, teacher motivation, and teacher experience.
2) The study found that pedagogy influences performance, with student-centered methods like discussions and projects leading to better outcomes than lecture-based teaching.
3) It also found that availability of teaching/learning materials like textbooks positively impacts performance, while inadequate or ineffective use of facilities hinders curriculum delivery and performance.
4) The document concludes that high teacher motivation, through better rewards and working conditions, increases teacher commitment and morale, leading to improved syllabus coverage and ultimately better student
This study explored the trends in students’ achievement in Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) in Further Mathematics in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive research design of ex-post factor type. The sample comprised all Further Mathematics students in 79 public senior secondary schools with 3 Local Government Areas in Kwara State. Two research questions were raised and answered in the study. Frequency count, Percentage and Autoregressive (AR) processes for modelling of time series analyses were used to analyse the data. The results revealed that the trend of students’ achievement in WASSCE Further Mathematics from 2007 to 2016 was stochastic with random walk steadily progressive and percentage of the students obtained credit ranged from 23.0 to 77.3; pass ranged from 18.2 to 72.2 and fail ranged from 0.0 to 25.8. It was recommended among others that stakeholders in education should improve the quest for scientific literacy particularly for science-based subjects and further Mathematics curriculum should be all inclusive and non-discriminating to allow development of problem solving ability.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDE...ResearchWap
Measuring of academic performance of students is challenging since student performance is the product of socio-economic, psychological and environmental factors. Education ought to be growing as a profitable industry with the prime objective of maximizing profit by delivering high-quality education that produces well educated, skilled mannered students according to the needs and requirements of the dynamically growing market. There are two groups of students as generally perceived, that is those who improve and those who don’t improve. Students' performance is also affected by different factors such as learning abilities because the new paradigm about learning assumes that all students can and should learn at higher levels but it should not be considered as a constraint because there are other factors like race, gender, and sex that can affect students performance Hansen (2000).
Mishae (2001) explained the effect of age, qualification and distance from learning. Place on the student's performance in his explanation concerns the readiness in doing a particular discipline in the school; for instance, a student that is not capable of doing sciences in the secondary school joins sciences because his/her friends are offering the subjects. Winston et al (2002) added that the academic performance of students is also coined in the student's impatience (this time discount behaviour). Yuonne (1998) further elaborated that students' academic performance is very much dependent on SEB (socio-economic background) as per his statement, secondary school students' performance is with statically significant differences. Alexander (2001) explained that some of the practices adopted by secondary school administration can also influence their academic performance, such practices as organized study groups, debate clubs, media and culture clubs etc.
According to Bello Lawal, an Abuja based educationist and a member of the All Nigeria committee of Principals of secondary school (ANCOPSS). The truth is that the reading culture in Nigeria is generally poor. To make it worse, these days, most of our students hardly read. Instead, they waste their precious time watching television or films, listening to music, playing music, and playing video/computer games.
Another educationist Mohammed (2009) attributed the dismal performance in the external examinations to the lackadaisical attitude of the government and its refusal to adequately fund the education sector. According to him, on several occasions, we clamoured for improved budgeting allocation to the education sector but all these have fallen on deaf ears. For instance, UNESCO recommends that 26 per cent of any country’s budget should be allocated to the education sector but instead what do we have in Nigeria.
Government paying lip service to the education sector. Other countries that understand the importance of education have taken proactive steps to adequately fund their edu
The Effect of the Involvement Intensity in Extracurricular Activities and Sof...inventionjournals
There are many graduates of higher education who are academically good, but weak in terms of soft skills; and it is becoming main cause of unemployment among the educated. This study examines the relationship between the intensity of involvement in extracurricular activities with soft skills quality and work readiness of the graduates. The population in this study was college graduates in East Java in 2014. The sample was determined by accidental sampling technique for college graduates in Surabaya, Malang, Jember and Kediri. Data analysis was done by using multiple analysis of variance. The results showed the more intensively involved in extracurricular activities, the better quality of soft skills and work readiness which the graduates have. Suggestion is proposed to universities to develop extracurricular activities that must be followed by all students.
Cooperative Learning and Student’s Academic Achievement in English Language i...iosrjce
This paper examined cooperative learning and academic achievement of students in English
language in Imo State. The study adopted quasi experimental pre-test, post-test control group design. The
sample for the study consisted of twenty (20) SS2 Students, purposively selected from two classes in a senior
secondary school in Imo State. The instrument used for the study was the English Language Achievement
Test (ELAT). Section A of the ELAT contained the bio-data of the respondents while section B consisted
of 30 multiple-choice question items. The research questions were answered using mean rating to determine the
difference between the pre-test and the post-test while the hypothesis was tested using Analysis of Covariance
(ANCOVA) at 0.05 level of significance. The findings indicated that there was a significant difference
between the achievement mean scores of subjects in the cooperative learning group and those in the control
group. The study revealed that Cooperative Learning plays a significant role in students’ academic
achievement in English Language. The paper therefore, recommended the retraining of teachers towards using
cooperative learning for student’s optimal academic achievement
Declining quality of intellectual output in nigeria's tertiary intitutions of...Alexander Decker
This document discusses the declining quality of intellectual output from Nigeria's tertiary education institutions. It identifies several economic, political, and social factors contributing to this decline, including: lack of adequate funding of education; poverty affecting teachers and students; political interference in hiring and admissions; expansion of student numbers without infrastructure growth; and a decline in societal moral values encouraging exam malpractice. The document recommends adequately funding education; improving management of funds; discouraging political interference; encouraging values of hard work and honesty; and reducing emphasis on certificates over performance. Overall, it analyzes why academic excellence is no longer a characteristic of Nigeria's universities due to various existential factors hindering quality.
A comparative study of the classroom treatment of male and female students of...Alexander Decker
This study examined potential differences in how male and female students are treated in classrooms at the Federal Polytechnic in Ilaro, Nigeria. Surveys were administered to 102 male and 102 female final year students to assess their perceptions of classroom treatment. Interview were also conducted with 8 lecturers. The results found no significant differences between male and female students' perceptions of their classroom experiences. Additionally, there was a negative but weak relationship between males' and females' attitudes toward education. The study concluded that gender does not play a role in how students experience classrooms and that teachers should aim for gender-neutral practices to promote equal opportunities for all students.
Effects of computer assisted instructional package on social studies achievem...Gambari Isiaka
This study examined the effects of a self-instructional computer-based package on the social studies achievement of senior primary school pupils in Niger State, Nigeria. The study found that students who used the computer-based package performed significantly better on a social studies achievement test than those in the control group who did not use the package. The study also found no significant difference in achievement between male and female students who used the package. However, students in the 9-10 and 13-14 age groups performed significantly better than those in the 11-12 and 13-14 age groups. The findings suggest that use of the computer-based package can be an effective alternative to conventional teaching methods for social studies.
Students' abesenteeism a silent killer of universal secondary education in ug...Komakech Robert Agwot
The document discusses students' absenteeism in Uganda's Universal Secondary Education system. It finds the average absenteeism rate is 23.18% in day schools and 3.25% in boarding schools. The main causes of absenteeism identified are lack of school supplies, household work, lack of interest, hunger at school, sexual harassment, long distances to school, illness, family issues like loss of a parent, peer influence, and harsh punishment. Absenteeism affects students from poor families, those living far from school, females, orphans, the disabled, males, and those from single parent homes most. The study recommends improving family income, providing school meals, improving transportation, holding schools accountable, and examining the
Qualitative Chemistry Education: The Role of the TeacherIOSR Journals
This document discusses the role of chemistry teachers in improving the quality of education in Nigeria. It identifies several factors that have contributed to the decline in quality, such as unqualified teachers, examination malpractice, and lack of practical skills. The document outlines strategies chemistry teachers can use, including changing from a lecture method to cooperative learning, concept mapping, and using information communication technology. It also stresses the importance of improvisation given limited resources. The document concludes by recommending that teachers adopt innovative teaching strategies and the government provide more funding and support for teacher training.
Self Efficacy and Motivation as Determinants of Students’ Performance.pdfAndrewUMOAbasi
This paper aimed at providing empirical evidence on the important of self efficacy as a determinant of student's academic success as informed by their performance in school subjects specially, science base subject.
Effectiveness of intel package on developing critical thinking skills of nint...Alexander Decker
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an Intel education package on developing critical thinking skills in Jordanian ninth grade students for their National and Civil Education subject. The sample included 156 male and female students divided into an experimental group taught with the Intel package (N=77) and a control group taught with traditional methods (N=79). Results showed statistically significant differences in critical thinking skills development favoring the experimental group. The study also found no significant differences based on gender or an interaction between group and gender. The study concluded the Intel package was effective at developing critical thinking skills for the National and Civil Education subject.
Similar to Effect Of Supervised Peer-Led Group Counselling Programme On Academic Achievement Of Secondary School Students In Port-Harcourt, Nigeria (20)
An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Does Goods and Services Tax (GST) Leads to Indian Economic Development?iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Childhood Factors that influence success in later lifeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Emotional Intelligence and Work Performance Relationship: A Study on Sales Pe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer’s Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study of Employee Satisfaction relating to Job Security & Working Hours amo...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumer Perspectives on Brand Preference: A Choice Based Model Approachiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Student`S Approach towards Social Network Sitesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Broadcast Management in Nigeria: The systems approach as an imperativeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study on Retailer’s Perception on Soya Products with Special Reference to T...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study Factors Influence on Organisation Citizenship Behaviour in Corporate ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumers’ Behaviour on Sony Xperia: A Case Study on Bangladeshiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Design of a Balanced Scorecard on Nonprofit Organizations (Study on Yayasan P...iosrjce
1. The document describes a study that designed a balanced scorecard for a nonprofit organization called Yayasan Pembinaan dan Kesembuhan Batin (YPKB) in Malang, Indonesia.
2. The balanced scorecard translated YPKB's vision and mission into strategic objectives across four perspectives: financial, customer, internal processes, and learning and growth.
3. Key strategic objectives included donation growth, budget effectiveness, customer satisfaction, reputation, service quality, innovation, and employee development. Customers perspective had the highest weighting, suggesting a focus on public service over financial growth.
Public Sector Reforms and Outsourcing Services in Nigeria: An Empirical Evalu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Media Innovations and its Impact on Brand awareness & Considerationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer experience in supermarkets and hypermarkets – A comparative studyiosrjce
- The document examines customer experience in supermarkets and hypermarkets in India through a survey of 418 customers.
- It finds that in supermarkets, previous experience, atmosphere, price, social environment and experience in other channels most influence customer experience, while in hypermarkets, previous experience, product assortment, social environment and experience in other channels are most influential.
- The study provides insights for retailers on key determinants of customer experience in each format to help them improve strategies and competitive positioning.
Social Media and Small Businesses: A Combinational Strategic Approach under t...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Secretarial Performance and the Gender Question (A Study of Selected Tertiary...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Implementation of Quality Management principles at Zimbabwe Open University (...iosrjce
This document discusses the implementation of quality management principles at Zimbabwe Open University's Matabeleland North Regional Centre. It begins with background information on ZOU and the importance of quality management in open and distance learning institutions. The study aimed to determine if quality management and its principles were being implemented at the regional centre. Key findings included that the centre prioritized customer focus and staff involvement. Decisions were made based on data analysis. The regional centre implemented a quality system informed by its policy documents. The document recommends ensuring staffing levels match needs and providing sufficient resources to the regional centre.
Organizational Conflicts Management In Selected Organizaions In Lagos State, ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Effect Of Supervised Peer-Led Group Counselling Programme On Academic Achievement Of Secondary School Students In Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
1. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME)
e-ISSN: 2320–7388,p-ISSN: 2320–737X Volume 5, Issue 3 Ver. III (May - Jun. 2015), PP 01-10
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05330110 www.iosrjournals.org 1 | Page
Effect Of Supervised Peer-Led Group Counselling Programme
On Academic Achievement Of Secondary School Students In
Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
Adetutu, M.R. (M.Ed.)1,
Prof. S.H. Umoh,2,
Dr. M.F. Dada3.
1,
Nigerian Navy Secondary School, Borokiri, Port-Harcourt,
2,3.
Department Of Counsellor Education, University Of Ilorin, Nigeria.
I. Introduction
Background to the study
Recent trends in global circumstances have focused on one goal of educating every child on the globe.
The growing problems of quality manpower shortages, international circumstances, and advancement in the
sciences, professional and specialized fields have contributed to the increasing awareness of the importance of
modifying academic achievement of underachieving students. In today’s society, according to Howard and
Solberg (2006), education is highly valued and a necessary prerequisite to becoming successful and
experiencing at least a moderately high quality of life as an adult. It is important to note that academic
achievements is very important to the adolescent population and as submitted by Marsh (1990) it is extremely
important given the correlation between school achievement and positive outcomes over the life span.
Education at secondary school level is supposed to be the bedrock and the foundation towards higher
knowledge in tertiary institutions (Asikhia, 2010). It is a vital instrument that can be used to accelerate
economic, social and political technological, scientific and cultural development (N.P.E 2004). However, the
reverse has been the situation as most secondary school graduates can barely read or write the language used as
the medium of instruction (Boaduo, 1998; Boaduo, 2005). According to Abdullahi (1996) proficiency in English
language has a generic effect on implication for further educational aspiration of the Nigerian child and the
economic development in Nigeria. This negative scenario has been causing alarming concern among many
stakeholders in Nigeria, as it indicates the de-generation of the socio-economic well being of the country.
Several researchers have documented that secondary school students in Nigeria experience academic
concerns that manifested itself in the form of poor academic performance (Salami, 1992; Obameata, 1995;
Fabunmi Brai-Abu and Adeniji 2007; Asikhia, 2010). The resultant problem posed by this, is poor academic
performance in school examination like National Examination Council (N.E.C.O) and West African
Examination Council (WAEC) (Abdullahi, 1996; Akanle, 2007). According to Adesemowo (2005), poor
academic performance is mostly pronounced in the key core subjects (Mathematics and English Language)
among secondary school students. The dismal performance as indicated in WAEC result of year 2008 shows
that 23.5 percent of the candidates had at least five credits in five subjects including Mathematics and English
Language. In 2009, 25.99 percent scored a credit pass in the five subjects. This recurrent trend is posing huge
problems to parents, students and the society (Aremu, 2000; Akanle, 2007). It effects are equally alarming in
terms of shortage of manpower at all spheres of the economy and politics in Nigeria (Aremu, 2000; Umoh, cited
in Umoh, 2004).
Statement of the Problem
Many factors have been adduced to explain the falling standard in education and the low performance
of students in academics. These include the increased demand for secondary education which has outstripped
the growth of facilities in these schools (Ijaiya, 1997; Aremu & Sokan 2003; Aduwa-Ogiegbaen & Iyawu, 2005)
put forward motivational orientation, self-esteem/ self efficacy, emotional concerns, study habits, teachers
consultation and poor interpersonal relationships as causative factors of poor academic achievement. The socio-
economic environment is another predictive factor that has been utilized in identifying underachieving students
(Morakinyo,2003). These indices include family income, education of the parents,family structure amongst
others. Bakare (2004) categorized the factors of low academic performance into four principal elements which
are: Student (personal causal factors), parents (Family causal factors) school (academic causal factors) and
causations resident in the society, such as instability of educational sectors, leadership and job losses.
As the twenty first century unfolds, Nigeria continues to undergo substantial changes occasioned by the
influence of globalization and changes in the social and economic variables (Emeagwali, 2000). These variables
are definitely going to affect the educational sector one way or the other. This paradigm shift has created a need
for Nigerian secondary school products to be adequately equipped. However, the reverse has been the case as
posited by Dike (2005).
2. Effect Of Supervised Peer-Led Group Counselling Programme On Academic…
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05330110 www.iosrjournals.org 2 | Page
In her quest to fast-track overall national development through education, Nigeria shifted from 6-3-3-4
to 9-3-4 system of education (Federal Government of Nigeria 2006, December). The implementation of this
education policy like the previous ones will definitely be faced with the reduction in the number of qualified
teachers; increase in enrolment of students, socio-economic and technological concerns (Fabunmi, Brai-Abu &
Adeniyi, 2007). It is not therefore surprising that secondary students in Nigeria are faced with many complex
personal, interpersonal, educational and career issues.
Umoh (1998) posited that this global trend and the attendant concerns made it necessary for people to
seek help from each other. Secondary school students in this context need a comprehensive intervention to
succeed. The implication is to have comprehensive counselling programs that benefit the students. Today as
never before schools must empower students to enhance their academic performance and become lifelong
learners. Many studies have connected lower academic performance to high levels of student’s disengagement
from classroom activities (Ijaiya, 1997; Rivkin, Hanushek and Kan, 2000; Turner, 2002). The future of
secondary school students is in dare need of opportunities to increase educational achievement, attainment and
upliftment in social skills. With this development and the need to have a viable society with quality human
resources, school counsellors need to assist students to these complex challenges through their work within the
structure of comprehensive guidance and counselling programmes. This, according to Oniye (2003), will assist
an individual to understand himself, his world and the people with whom he has to interact with.
From available literature, most of the previous studies was based on academic achievement related area
e.g. (Marsh & Yeung, 1997a) Causal effects of academic self-concept on academic achievement: structural
equation models of longitudinal data, (Tella, 2007) the impact of motivation on students’ academic achievement
and learning outcomes in mathematics among secondary school students in Nigeria, (Fabunmi, 2007) class
factors as determinants of secondary school students’ academic performance and so on. Considering the
aforementioned problems on academic achievement related area and the gaps created by previous researchers in
the area of study, the researchers were challenged to conduct a study on effects of supervised peer-led group
counselling programme on academic achievement of secondary school students in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.
In addition, underachiever senior secondary school students have been used for the study by the
researchers because they are matured, more experienced and are under achievers than the junior secondary
school students. In this study, comparisms were made on the basis of gender. To be specific, the following
researcher questions were raised as pivots upon which the study revolved.
Research Questions
The following questions are raised in order to guide the conduct of the study:
1. Is there any significant difference in the English Language scores of SSS 2 students in the treatment and
control groups at post-test?
2. Is there any significant difference in the Mathematics scores of SSS 2 students in the treatment and control
groups?
3. Is there any significant treatment difference in the Mathematics scores of SSS 2 male and female students
in the treatment and control groups at post-test?
Research Hypotheses
The following research null hypotheses derived from the research questions are formulated and was tested in the
study:
1. There is no significant difference in the English Language scores of SSS 2 students in the treatment and
control groups at post test.
2. There is no significant difference in the Mathematics scores of SSS 2 students in the treatment and control
groups.
3. There is no significant difference in the Mathematics scores of SSS 2 male and female students in the
treatment and control group at post-test.
This study was limited to underachiever senior secondary school students in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.
II. Methodology
Research Design
This study adopted an experimental research method. The research method was chosen because
according to Daramola (2006), Long, Convey and Chawalek (1985), Samtrok (1999), it investigates the possible
cause and effect relationships between two or more variables involving two groups of samples; one
experimental and the other control. Moreover, Daramola (2006) posited that experimental research requires
randomization and essential comparison of two groups (treatment and control groups). Experimental research
involves examination of at least one independent variable or one or more dependent variables while other
relevant variables are controlled (Long et.al 1985). According to them, direct manipulation of at least one
3. Effect Of Supervised Peer-Led Group Counselling Programme On Academic…
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05330110 www.iosrjournals.org 3 | Page
independent variable is the main characteristic that differentiates experimental research from other methods.
Similarly, Kerlinger cited in Long et.al (1985) states that experimental research address research questions less
ambiguously than other methods of research.
In addition, Daramola (2006) stated that experimental research enables the experimenter to control or
manipulate the independent variables; allows the researcher to have control over the elimination of extraneous
influence which may affect the result of the experiment; and that the outcomes of the experimental research are
precise and can be replicated.
In view of these stated characteristics of the experimental design research, a pre-test and post-test
control group design with randomization was used to evaluate the effects of supervised peer-led group
counselling on academic achievement of secondary school students in Port-Harcourt metropolis. The
independent variables were the supervised peer-led counselling groups and control groups. The dependent
variables include student’s terminal scores for Mathematics, English Language. The pre-test scores of the first
terminal academic / assessment were used as covariant and the post-test scores of second terminal assessment
were used as dependent variables.
Sample and Sampling Technique
The participants in this study were drawn from the population of Senior Secondary School Students
(SSS 2) from two schools in the Port-Harcourt metropolis. Thirty-two students (sixteen from each school)
comprised the sample of this study. Twenty –four students representing 65 percent of those identified as
underachieving in academics were randomly selected from the two schools (12 students in each school) and
confirmed by parental rating of IMD underachiever’s profile. These students have been consistently scoring
below 50 percent in English Language and Mathematics as rated and confirmed by the teachers.
Eight high-achieving students nominated by the teachers and classmates constitute the peer-leaders
(student counsellors). An eight step screening process was utilized in selecting student academic counsellors:
Scholastic ability, study orientation, academic history, peer acceptance, leadership experience and
conversational effectiveness are variables that are evaluated during the selective process. Classmates of the
students to be selected as peer-leaders were asked to rate the students on a 1-to-5 continuum concerning the
question ―who among these individuals is able to get others to do what he or she wants them to do. A rating of 5
indicated that the rates perceived the students as very influential; a rating of 1 indicated that the peer–leader was
perceived as having minimal influential ability. Only those students who were high in the eight-categories were
selected. This is in line with the submission of Vriend (1971) that intelligent or creativity behaviour is often
apparent to teacher’s judgment. In this context, the teacher’s judgment is a primary criterion.
Instrumentations
The specific focus of this research was how a specially designed peer-led group counselling
intervention will affect the academic achievement of the participating students. Thus, in order to evaluate the
outcomes, four instruments were used:
1. The underachiever’s profile: Institute for Motivational Development, Illinois (IMD).
2. Senior Secondary School (SSS) terminal academic achievement report (English Language and
Mathematics).
3. Parents’ evaluation of students in the treatment group questionnaires has three items. The rating categories
are greatly improved, somewhat improved, same and worse.
4. Class teachers’ evaluation of students in the demonstration group questionnaires was a six items format.
The rating categories are greatly improved, somewhat improved, same and worse.
1. The underachiever’s profile:
Institute for Motivational Development (IMD), Illinois.
The profile was developed by the Institute for Motivational Development which is a private practice
group of professional educators, psychologists and licensed counselling staff members specializing in the
treatment of underachieving adolescents and their families since 1971. The scale consists of twenty
characteristics that describe specific underachiever’s traits with a Yes or No descriptive scale. Numbers of Yes
answer were used to determine whether a student is an underachiever or showing a sign of it.
The classifications are rated as follows:
1-3. probably not an underachiever
4-7. most likely an underachiever
8-20. definitely an underachiever
4. Effect Of Supervised Peer-Led Group Counselling Programme On Academic…
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05330110 www.iosrjournals.org 4 | Page
The IMD profile suggests that underachievers usually exhibit eight or more of the tendencies evaluated.
This questionnaire was given to the parents of students identified by teachers as performing below average
particularly in two core subjects (English Language and Mathematics). Completed questionnaire forms and the
students' academic records were then used to ascertain the eligibility of the students that will be among those to
be chosen for the counselling intervention group.
2. Senior Secondary School Terminal Report
Examination scores in two subjects (English Language and Mathematics) were computed for each student
in the control and treatment group. The scores used for selection process and post assessment were
obtained from the students cumulative records (first term, second term) each subject is rated 100 percent.
3. Parents’ evaluation of students in the treatment group questionnaires has three items. The rating categories
are greatly improved, somewhat improved, same and worse.
4. Class teachers’ evaluation of students in the treatment group questionnaires was a six items format. The
rating categories are greatly improved, somewhat improved, same and worse.
Apart from the instrument used for quantitative evaluation of this study, student’s weekly logs and periodic
evaluation of individual and group progress, counsellor’s logs and progress report, teachers’ reports of
student behaviour were kept as a supplement to the objective evaluation of the project.
The programme was implemented in a mixed –gender format. In planning and implementation, the study
considered the contemporary needs of secondary school students in Nigeria within the parameters of the
school structure. The group counselling programme was planned and implemented based on the
developmental maturity of secondary school students and as defined by a traditional eight-period day with
each period lasting approximately 35 minutes. This structure does not allow one- hour groups session which
seemed appropriate for adolescents.
Psychometric Properties of the Instrument
Validity
The validity of an instrument is the consistency with which a test measures what it purports to measure.
According to Hassan (1998), validity is the extent to which an instrument measures what it is intended to
measure. In establishing the validity of the instruments, five experts including the supervisor in the Department
of Counsellor Education University of Ilorin Nigeria were consulted. Based on their observation and
suggestions, the researchers went to effect all necessary correlations. Through this, the content validity of the
instrument was confirmed and established, based on the judgment of these experts.
Reliability
The reliability of an instrument or a test is the degree to which a test consistently measure at different
times. Hassan (1998) states that, reliability refers to the consistency with which the scores on a test are related
to scores on the other test when given the second time under the same conditions. Daramola (2006) affirmed that
reliability should come after an instrument has been validated and it is customary to subject the instrument to a
pilot testing in order to ascertain its reliability. The test re-test method of reliability was employed by the
researcher to test the reliability of the instrument within an interval of four weeks.
The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient method was used to compare the result of the
two administrations. The result obtained was 0.73 for the IMD and this indicated a positive and high correlation
between the responses obtained during the four weeks period of administration. In conclusion, the instrument
can be considered accurate and stable for the study.
Procedure for data collection
The study adapted and integrated many of the procedures used by previous researchers in the field.
The intervention programme consisted of three main phases:
(1) Pre-treatment phase ;
(2) Treatment phase and
(3) Wrap-up group evaluation phase.
Pre-Treatment Phase
Results collated from the pre-testing exercise which involved the identification of underachieving
students by the parents, teachers, counsellors and the researcher were utilized in randomly assigned students to
the treatment and control group. Using systematic random sampling technique, parents of all participating
students were informed of the programme and gave permission for their children to take part (treatment group).
5. Effect Of Supervised Peer-Led Group Counselling Programme On Academic…
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05330110 www.iosrjournals.org 5 | Page
This phase also involved the training of the peer-counsellors one-to-one basis using the manual
prepared by the researcher. The training programme was built around the core conditions of understanding,
regard and genuineness both in didactic, teaching and the experiential base provided the trainee.
The student counsellor (Peer leader) trainees were given considerable practice in the helping role.
Research assistance (schools guidance counsellors and English/ Mathematics teachers) were also
briefed on how to monitor the peer-group counselling encounter. Also, approximately one week before the
session, group schedules detailing group period, date, and the day of the week were distributed to each group
member (treatment group). All the treatment groups were facilitated using established set of group procedures
that were jointly developed by group-leaders. The four-peer leaders in the treatment groups completed the
training programme successfully; each one did show a greater ability to provide help in a counselling
relationship.
Treatment phase
In this phase, the treatment counselling groups in the two schools were divided into two study groups
each. This is made up of one peer-leader and three student-counselees. The groups met in a small room, which
decreased distractions and help foster group cohesiveness.
The first group meeting focused on goal setting. Subsequent meetings focused on time management,
home work, study skills, test taking strategies and test-anxiety reduction and organization respectively. Each of
the meetings had cognitive and behavioural components and students discussed their thoughts, attitudes and
barriers to achievement around each topic. These activities provided information about educational planning,
self evaluation and self improvement. Subsequently, after the first week the group participants decided the
agenda topic for group discussion /study group. Reversing this pattern and having group participants establish
the discussion topic, quickly changed the group dynamics. The group members became engaged actively in the
group process and content rather than responding to authority that rested solely with the facilitators.
Control group participants were mainly taught Computer Technology by the computer teachers
throughout the eight weeks duration.
The intervention was designed to include ten (10) weeks of group counselling and bi-monthly booster
sessions. However, due to time constraints delays with school approval and other unforeseen logistic concerns
with the school routines and evaluations treatment and control groups met a total of eight- weeks with four
booster sessions supervised by the researchers, with a teacher and school counsellor serving as observers.
Friday’s clubs meeting period (1.00pm- 2.00pm) and long-break period (11:20am – 12:00pm) were utilized for
both study group and booster sessions. Any change or shifts in schedule were communicated to the
participating students by the facilitators. Students were not penalized in class for participating in the group
intervention.
Wrap-up /Group evaluation phase
This was the phase where the group sessions were reviewed. The students were asked on their
experiences in the intervention programme. The responses were heart warming and revealing. Almost all the
students in the treatment groups were of the opinion that the exercise should not be discontinued. Also, there
was a huge positive feedback from the teachers of participating students in treatment group. The responses and
comments after the session and evaluation point to the desire and acceptability of this procedure by the teachers,
parents and the participating students (treatment group). Parents’ evaluation of students in the treatment group
questionnaires has three items. The rating categories are greatly improved, somewhat improved, same and
worse. Class teachers’ evaluation of students in the treatment group questionnaires was a six items format. The
rating categories are greatly improved, somewhat improved, same and worse. The responses were obtained from
the evaluation questionnaires completed by the teachers and the parents. The class teacher’s questionnaire has
six items while that of the parents was a three-item format. The rating categories are greatly improved,
somewhat improved; same and worse. Ninety-three percent (93%) of the total responses indicated substantial
improvement while seven-percent (7%) observed minimal improvement.
Control of extraneous variables
The researcher endeavoured to control for the extraneous variables by taking the following steps:
1. Non-differential selection of participants. In an experimental design in which a control group is used, the
effect of the treatment can sometimes be confounded because of the differential selection of participants for
the treatment and control groups.
2. Participants were screened and purposively assigned to treatment and control groups.
3. In other to prevent contamination, the control groups were kept busy in a different room without subjecting
them to experimental treatment.
6. Effect Of Supervised Peer-Led Group Counselling Programme On Academic…
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05330110 www.iosrjournals.org 6 | Page
4. To avoid any interaction or distraction or any mix up among groups, the two schools were purposively
assigned to groups and different days were allocated to each group.
5. Instrumentation: The same instrument was used for both pre-test and post-test and for the two groups. This
was to ensure that any learning or change of attitude towards academic achievement is observed between
pre-test and post-test.
6. In order to avoid experimental mortality, the participants were motivated through light refreshments and
gift of biros, pencils and rulers.
7. To avoid biases, the hypotheses that were generated from the study were non-directional.
8. The mean, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Fisher L.S.D (Least Significant Difference) test and
Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were used to analyze the data so as to remove the effect of any
environmental sources of variation, which may have otherwise inflated the experimental error.
Method of Data Analysis
The methods used in analyzing the data were means and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The
means were used to compare the pre and post-test English Language and Mathematics scores of SSS 2 students
in the treatment and control groups based on gender. With this, the researchers were able to determine the effect
of supervised peer-led group counselling programme in academic achievement of secondary school students.
Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the means of the group and make inferential
statements about main and interaction effects in the population of interest.
III. Results
Hypothesis One
There is no significant difference in the English Language scores of SSS 2 students in the treatment
and control group.
Table 1: Pre-test and post-test mean scores in English Language of students in the treatment and
control groups
Group Pre-test
x
Standard
Deviation (SD)
Post-test x SD Mean Gain
score
No. of
cases
Treatment 52.57 19.58 63.00 15.27 10.38 16
Control 51.69 20.80 52.00 20.31 0.94 16
Table 1 shows that the supervised peer-led group counselling had a significant effect on treated
(treatment) group over the control group that were not treated. Treatment group had a mean gain score of 10.38
which is considerably higher than that of control group (0.94).
Table 2: Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) of effects of supervised peer-led group counselling on SSS 2
students’ English Language scores.
Source of variance Degrees of
freedom (DF)
Sum of squares Mean squares
(MS)
Calculated F-
value
Critical
F-value
Model 2 9053.37 4529.69
80.60* 3.00Error 29 1628.63 56.16
Corrected Total 31 10682.000
*Significant, p < 0.05.
Table 2 reveals that the calculated F-value (80.60) exceeds the critical F-value of 3.00 at 0.05 alpha
level of significance with 2, 29 df. The null hypothesis is thereby rejected based on the above result; (F= 80.60,
df 2/29, P < 0.05). In view of the significant difference between the English Language scores of students in the
treatment and control groups, a post-hoc test using Fisher L.S.D (Least Significant Difference) test was
conducted. Calculated t- (5.42) exceeds critical t- (2.05) for 0.05 alpha level of significance with 2, 29 df.
Therefore, the conclusion is that the two groups differ significantly. This confirms the result from the mean and
ANCOVA.
Since there is a significant difference between the post-test performance of treatment and control group
in English language with the use of post-hoc test using Fisher L.S.D (Least Significant Difference), the result
confirmed the pre-test Fisher L.S.D (Least Significant Difference) results which shows that supervised peer-led
group counselling is more effective in improving English Language scores of underachieving SS2 students, the
Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was applied to determine whether the treatment or control group was
responsible for the significant difference.
7. Effect Of Supervised Peer-Led Group Counselling Programme On Academic…
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05330110 www.iosrjournals.org 7 | Page
Table 3: Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT), showing the difference in the English Language scores of
SSS 2 students in the treatment and control group.
Duncan’s group Mean N Group
A 65.50 16 1
B 52.00 16 2
In Table 3, Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to determined the treatment and control
group(s) mean(s) that led to the significant difference noted in the ANCOVA results of table 2. The DMRT
results indicated that group 1 with a mean score of 65.50 differed significantly from group 2 (With a mean score
of 52.00), hence, the significant difference noted in the ANCOVA results of Table 2 was due to the fact that
groups 1 and 2 differed significantly from each other. Thus, hypothesis one was rejected.
These results show that supervised peer-led group counselling is effective in improving the English
Language scores of underachieving SSS 2 students.
Hypothesis Two
There is no significant difference in the Mathematics scores of SSS 2 students in the
treatment and control groups.
Table 4:Pre-test and post –test mean scores in Mathematics of SSS 2 students in the treatment and
control groups.
Group Pre-test X Standard
Deviation(SD)
Post-test
X
Standard
Deviation SD
Mean Gain
score
No of cases
Treatment 51.07 18.94 60.94 17.53 8.81 16
Control 49.5 19.95 51.56 22.31 2.06 16
Table 4 shows that the students mean gain scores in Mathematics for treatment group (8.81) was higher
than for the students in the control group (2.06)
Table 5: Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) of effects of supervised peer-led group counselling on SSS 2
students’ Mathematics scores.
Source of
variance
Degree of
freedom (DF)
Sum of squares Mean square (MS) Calculated
F-value
Critical
F-value
Model 2 11527.66 5763.83
134.11* 3.00Error 29 1246.34 42.98
Corrected Total 31 12774.0000
*Significant, p < 0.05.
Table 5 reveals that the calculated F-value (134.11) exceeds the critical F-value of 3.00 at 0.05 alpha
level of significance with 2, 29 df. The null hypothesis is therefore rejected based on the above results. (F =
134.11, df 2/29, P < 0.05). This shows that the supervised peer group counselling had a significant effect on
treated (treatment) group over the control group that were not treated.
Since there is a significant difference between the Mathematics scores of students in the treatment and
control groups, a post-hoc test using Fisher L.S.D (Least Significance Difference) test was conducted.
Calculated t-value (4.74) exceeds critical t- value (2.05) at 0.05 alpha levels with 2,28df. This confirms the post-
test mean values and ANCOVA results. These results show the effectiveness of the supervised peer-led group
counselling in improving Mathematics scores of underachieving SSS 2 students.
Since there is a significant difference between the post-test performance of Mathematics scores
between the treatment and control group in Mathematics with the use of post-hoc test using Fisher L.S.D (Least
Significant Difference), the result confirmed the post test Fisher L.S.D (Least Significant Difference) results
which shows that supervised peer-led group counselling is more effective in improving the Mathematics scores
of SS 2 students treatment and control group at post-test. Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was applied to
determine the group(s) of students (i.e. treatment and control group) that are significantly different.
Table 6: Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) showing the difference in the Mathematics
scores of SSS 2 students in the treatment and control group.
Duncan’s group Mean N Group
A 60.94 16 1
B 51.56 16 2
In table 6, the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to determine the treatment and control
mean(s) that led to the significant difference noted in the ANCOVA results of table 5. The DMRT results
indicated that group 1 with a mean score of 60.94 differed significantly from group 2 (with a mean score of
8. Effect Of Supervised Peer-Led Group Counselling Programme On Academic…
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05330110 www.iosrjournals.org 8 | Page
51.56) hence, the significant difference noted in the ANCOVA result of table 5 was due to the fact that groups 1
and 2 differed significantly from each other. Thus, hypothesis two was rejected.
Hypothesis Three: There is no significant difference in the Mathematics scores of SSS 2 male and female
students in the treatment and control group at post-test.
Table 7: Pre-test and post –test mean scores in Mathematics of SSS 2 female and male students in the
treatment and control groups.
Group Gender Pre-test
X
Standard
Deviation (SD)
Post-test
X
Standard
Deviation (SD)
Mean gain
score
No of
cases
Treatment Female 49.38 19.91 61.63 17.74 12.25 8
Male 52.75 16.46 60.25 18.51 8.34 8
Control Female 47.63 18.04 49.88 21.52 2.25 8
Male 51.38 20.35 54.5 23.66 4.00 8
Table 7 indicates that female students in the treatment group had a higher mean gain score (12.25) than
the male students with mean gain score of 8.34. The control group shows a contrary result with male students
having more mean gain score of 4.00 as against 2.25 for the female students. This also shows that the
supervised peer-led group counselling is more effective in improving the Mathematics scores of female students
than for the male students.
Table 8: Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) of effects of supervised peer-led group counselling
on SSS 2 male and female students Mathematics scores
Source of variance Degree of
freedom (DF)
Sum of squares Mean square (MS) Calculated f-
value
Critical
f-value
Model 3 5766.63 1922.21
8.03* 2.60Error 28 6699.24 239.26
Corrected Total 31 12465.88
*Significant, p < 0.05.
Table 8 reveals that the calculated F-value (8.03) exceeds the critical F-value of 2.60 to 0.05 alpha level
of significance with 3, 28 df. The null hypothesis is therefore rejected based on the result (F =8.03, df 3/28, p. <
0.05). This means that there is a significant difference between the Mathematics scores of SSS 2 male and
female students in the treatment and control group at post-test.
Since there is a significant difference between the post-test Mathematics scores of SSS 2 female and
male students in the treatment and control groups, a post-hoc test using Fisher L.S.D (Least Significant
Difference) t-test was conducted. The t-value (11.202) exceeds critical t- (2.05) at 0.05 alpha levels with 3, 28
df. Therefore, the conclusion is that there is a significant difference between the Mathematics scores of SSS 2
male and female students in the treatment and control groups. This confirms the post—test mean values and
ANCOVA results which showed that supervised peer-led group counselling is more effective in improving the
Mathematics scores of SSS 2 female students than that of SSS 2 male students.
Since there is a significant difference between the post-test performance of treatment and control
groups in Mathematics with the use of post-hoc test using Fisher L.S.D (Least Significant Difference) the result
confirmed the post-test Fisher L.S.D (Least Significant Difference) results which shows that supervised peer-led
group counselling is more effective in improving the Mathematics scores of underachieving SSS2 female and
male students. Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was applied to determine the gender that was responsible
for the significant difference.
Table 9: Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) showing the difference in the Mathematics score
of SSS 2 male and female students in the treatment and control group
Duncan’s group Mean N Group Gender
A 60.94 16 1 Female
B 52.19 16 2 Male
In Table 9, the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to determine gender group(s) mean(s)
that led to the significant difference noted in the ANCOVA results of table 8. The DMRT results indicated that
group 1 with a mean score of 60.94 differed significantly from group 2 (with a mean score of 52.19) hence, the
significant difference noted in the ANCOVA results of Table 8 was due to the fact that groups 1 and 2 differed
significantly from each other. Thus, hypothesis five was rejected.
9. Effect Of Supervised Peer-Led Group Counselling Programme On Academic…
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05330110 www.iosrjournals.org 9 | Page
IV. Discussion
All the three hypotheses generated were analyzed through the use of Fisher L.S. D (Least Significant
Difference) test, to test mean, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Discussion on each hypothesis are as follows:
Hypothesis 1 states that there is no significant difference in the English language scores of SSS 2
students in the treatment and control group. This hypothesis was tested using Analysis of Covariance
(ANCOVA) statistical method of analysis. The result of the test shows that there is a significant difference
between the English language scores of SSS 2 students in the treatment and control group. The hypothesis was
rejected. The analysis revealed that supervised peer-led group counselling used in this study was effective in
increasing the English language scores of SSS 2 students in the treatment groups. The effectiveness of the
treatment strategy on treatment group was established when compared with the control group that was not
exposed to the treatment. This corroborated the findings of Prout and Prout (1988); Campbell (2003); Brigman
and Campbell 2003; Bruce et.al. (2009) which revealed a statistically significant gain in English Language
achievement scores for students in the group-counselling intervention when compared to students who did not
participate. However, it is in contrary with that of Kayler and Sherman (2009) which revealed no significant
difference in the pre and post scores of students in the treatment and control group.
Hypothesis 2 states that there is no significant difference in the Mathematics scores of SSS 2 students
in the treatment and control group. The hypothesis was tested using Analysis of Covariance Statistical method
of analysis. The result of the test shows that there is a significant difference in the Mathematics scores of SSS 2
students in the treatment and control group at post-test. The hypothesis was rejected, indicating that the
supervised peer-led group counselling used in the study was effective in increasing the Mathematics scores of
SSS 2 students in the treatment groups. The effectiveness of the treatment strategy on the treatment group was
established when compared with the control group that was not exposed to the treatment. This finding supports
the previous research findings (Campbell, 2003; Bruce et. al., 2009) which revealed that students receiving the
group counselling interventions were significantly better off in Reading /English Language post-test scores than
those in control group.
Hypothesis 3 states that there is no significant difference in the Mathematics scores of SSS2 male
and female students in the treatment and control group at post-test. This hypothesis was tested using mean
Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) statistical method of analysis.
The result of the test shows that there is a significant difference in the Mathematics scores of SSS 2 female and
male students in the treatment and control group. The hypothesis was rejected. The post-test analysis showed
that supervised peer-led group counselling used in the study was effective in increasing the Mathematics scores
of SSS 2 female and male students in the treatment group.
The effectiveness of the treatment strategy on the treatment group was established when compared with
the control group that was not exposed to the treatment. This result also showed that SSS 2 female students in
the treatment group had the highest mean gain score. This finding agree with that of Tella (2007) whose study
reveals that gender difference were significant when impact of motivation on academic achievement was
compared in male and female Mathematics scores. It however disagreed with the submissions of Dennis and
Dennis (1976), Downey and Yuan (2005), Duckworth and Schectman (2002) that males are superior to females
in quantitative areas particularly in numerical reasoning.
V. Recommendations
There is need to have a more active, more directive, and more supportive guidance for the
underachieving students to improve their academic achievement through the concerted efforts of the students,
teachers, parents, peer-group and counsellors.
References
[1]. Abdullahi,O.E.(1996). Students’ responsibility in poor academic performance in Kwara State Secondary Schools. Ife Psychology
–An International Journal, 4 (1) 64-79 http://www. Abdullahi.com/ publications /COMPARATIVE STUDY-OF-KWARA STATE-
BY DR. ABDULLAHI.
[2]. Adesemowo, P.O. (2005). Premium on affective education: panacea for scholastic malfunctioning and aberration. 34th Inaugural
Lecture, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye: Olabisi Onabanjo University press.
[3]. Aduwa-Ogiegbaen, S.E & Iyamu, E.O.S. (2005). Using information and communication technology in secondary schools in
Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Educational Technology & Society, 8, No.1 pg. 104-112.
[4]. Akanle, O.B. (2007). Socio-economic factors influencing student’s academic performance in Nigeria, Some explanation from a
local survey. Sociology and Social Work Community. December 1.
[5]. Aremu, O.A. & Sokan, B.O. (2003). A multi- causal evaluation of academic performance of Nigerian learners: Issues and
implications for national development. Department of Guidance and Counselling, University of Ibadan, Ibadan.
[6]. Aremu, A.O. (2000). Academic performance 5 factors inventory: Ibadan: Stirling-Horden Publishers.
[7]. Asikhia, O.A. (2010). Students and teachers’ perception on the causes of poor academic performance in Ogun State secondary
schools (Nigeria): Implications for school counselling for national development. European Journal of Social Sciences, 13, No.2
10. Effect Of Supervised Peer-Led Group Counselling Programme On Academic…
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05330110 www.iosrjournals.org 10 | Page
[8]. Brigman, G., & Campbell, C. (2003). Helping students improve academic achievement and school success behaviour. Professional
School Counselling. December 7, 91-98.
[9]. Bruce, Angelia M., Getch, Y. Q. Ziomek-Daigle, & Jolie, (2009). Professional School Counselling www/http:The free
library.Retrieved: 16/03/2012.
[10]. Burke, M.A. & Sass, T.R. (2008). Classroom peer effects and students achievement. Working papers No. 08 -5. http://www.bos.
frb.org/economic/wp/index.htm/Retrieved: 17/04/2012
[11]. Campbell, C. (2003). Helping students improve academic achievement and school success behaviour. Professional School
Counselling.
[12]. Daramola, S.O. (2006). Research and Statistical Methods in Education (3rd ed) Ilorin: Bamitex Printing and publishing.
[13]. Diaz, A. L. (2005). Personal, family and academic factors affecting low achievement in secondary school.
http://www.investigacion-psicopeda-gogica.org/revista/articulos/1/english/Art-14-Retrieved:20/12/2010.
[14]. Dike, V. (2005). The State of Education in Nigeria and the Health of the Nation. Africa Economic Analysis. Retrieved:
20/04/2012 from www.afbis.com/analysis/education 10204234737.htm.
[15]. Downey, D.B. & Anastasia S.V.Y. (2005). ―Sex differences in school performance during high school: Puzzling patterns and
possible explanations: The Sociological Quarterly 46(2):299-321.
[16]. Erikson, E. H. (1965). Childhood and society, New York: Penguin Eshleman, J.R. (1981) An introduction to Sociology.
Massachusetts: Ally & Bacon.
[17]. Fabunmi, M., Brai-Abu & Adeniji (2007). Class factors as determinants of secondary school student’s academic performance in
Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Social Science, 14(3): 243-247.
[18]. Federal Republic of Nigeria (2004): National Policy on Education. (Revised Edition) Lagos Federal Ministry of Education.
[19]. Federal Republic of Nigeria (2006, December). 40 Frequently asked questions on Universal Basic Education (UBE) Programme
Abuja: Universal Basic Education Commission.
[20]. Hassan, T. (1998). Understanding Research in Education. Lagos: Merrifield Publishing Company.
[21]. Howard, K.A. S & Solberg, V.S. H. (2006). School-based social justice: The Achieving Success Identity Pathway program.
Professional School Counselling 9, 278-287.
[22]. Ijaiya, Y. (1997). Effects of overcrowded classrooms on teacher-students interactions. Ilorin Journal of Education, V.17
[23]. Krouse, J. H. & Krouse, H.J. (1981). Toward a multimodal theory of academic underachievement. Educational Psychologist, Vol.
16, 3, pg. 151-164.
[24]. Logsdon, A. (2010). Top eight (8) facts on underachievement- why students with LDs underachieve in school.
[25]. http:.//ad.doubleclick.net/adi/abt.parenting/parenting learning disabilities. Retrieved: 01/04/2012.
[26]. Long, T.J. Convey, J.J. & Chawalek, A.P. (1985). Completing Dissertations in the Behavioural Sciences and Education: San
Francisco.
[27]. Marsh, H. (1990). The causal order of academic self-concept and academic achievement. A multi-wave, longitudinal path analysis:
Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 646-656.
[28]. Marsh, H.W. & Yeung, A.S. (1997). A causal effects of academic self-concept on academic achievement: Structural equation
models of longitudinal data. Journal of Educational Psychology. 89. 41-54.
[29]. Obameata, J.O. (1995). Education: An unproductive industry in Nigeria. Postgraduate School Interdisciplinary Research Discourse
delivered at University of Ibadan, Ibadan.
[30]. Oniye, O. (2003). Role of guidance and counselling in the training of well-adjusted teachers for Nigerian schools. Ilorin Journal of
Education, 22, N.1.
[31]. Rivkin, S.G, Hanushek, E.A, & Kain J.F. (2005). Teachers, schools and academic achievement Econometrica, 73, No. 2, 417-458.
[32]. Salami, A. (1992). ―Raising the standard of performance in public examination‖ paper presented at the WAEC symposium held at
the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. 24th April, 1-3.
[33]. Samtrock, J.W. (1999). Life-Span Development (7th
ed) New York: McGraw Hill.
[34]. Tella, A. (2007). The impact of motivation on students’ academic achievement and learning outcomes in mathematics among
secondary school students in Nigeria. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education 3(2), 149-156.
[35]. Turner, S. (2002). Empowering students to become self-regulated learners. Professional School Counselling April 1.
[36]. Umoh, S.H. (2004). The Need for Guidance and Counselling in Nigeria Educational System. A.I Idowu (Ed) Guidance and
Counselling in Education Ilorin: INDEMAC.
[37]. Vriend T.J. (1971) High –performing inner-city adolescents assisting low performing peer in counselling groups. Paraprofessionals
in counselling, guidance and personal services. David Zimpfer, (ed) APGA press Washington D.C. pg. 234-243.