The negative consequences of Covid-19 pandemic from lockdowns of whole countries, travel bans,
and the closure of shops and service points have disrupted the economic and social balance of the whole world.
Consequently, consumer’s buying behavior and their shopping criteria has been negatively affected. In this
research paper we try to find out the changes
Economic impact of COVID-19 lock down on small medium enterprise (smes) in la...SubmissionResearchpa
The effect of COVID-19 has negative consequence which has been an invisible enemy raging the entire world populace leading to a global economic crisis. Business across the globe are feeling the negative outcome of the COVID 19 pandemic threatening their ongoing economic daily activities. SMEs in Nigeria are not left out in the share of this negative pandemic, limiting their survival existence. The shutdown of economic activities has greatly affected SMEs in Nigeria. This has led to employees under SMEs lose their jobs. It was concluded that adequate measures needs to be taken by government to cushion the negative effect of COVID 19 in collapsing the existence of SMEs. by Aribisala, and Oluwadamilare Olufolarin 2020. Economic impact of COVID-19 lock down on small medium enterprise (smes) in lagos state. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 7 (Jul. 2020), 62-68. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i7.490. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/490/467 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/490
Coronavirus Impact Assessment And Mitigation Strategies In Agriculture Sector...SlideTeam
This PowerPoint presentation covers the Impact Assessment and Mitigation Strategies in the Agriculture industry. This ppt presentation includes the impact of COVID 19 pandemic on the agriculture sector all over the world causing global trade disturbance. It also covers measures to control outbreaks and Impact on Food Demand and Food Security such as the demand for food has affected due to a reduction in income and purchasing capacity. This PowerPoint presentation has covered agriculture sector overview including Major Impact on Food Transport and Distribution, Impact on Food Demand and Food Security, Projected agriculture sector growth after the COVID 19 outbreak. It also includes COVID 19 Agricultures Income Impacts, how lockdown affected the farmers in INDIA, and IMPACTS OF COVID 19 ON FARMING. This presentation focuses on certain risks in the agricultural sector or industry such as Disruption Due to Social Distancing including Safety Measures in Harvesting, Post harvest Operations, Storage and Marketing of Produce, Social distancing- Worker safety and Personal Protective Equipment PPE and Workers Safety Guidelines. Another risk that we have captured is Plummeting Employee Productivity which includes the Impact Of COVID 19 On Agricultural Field Workers, Loss workers Productivity During COVID 19, and Risks on Productivity of Workers During The COVID 19 Pandemic. It also covers the risk of Stressed Supply Chains including Food Supply Chain Under Strain, Impact of Corona on Supply and demand Side, Exchange Rates- Impact on Exporters, and Urgent increases in food availability from smallholder farmer food production. Another risk that is captured in this PowerPoint presentation is Recession, Unemployment, and Investment Pull-back including Recession Economic Impact on Agriculture World, Change in Rice and Wheat Export Prices, laying off some workers, Impact on Seasonal Workers and Foreign Investors Pull Out Investment. This presentation has also covered Economic Instability and Civil Unrest including Causes on Global Economy Instability, Agriculture Industry Feeling the Economic Instability, and Civil Unrest Due To COVID 19. This PowerPoint presentation also covers the Impact on Agricultural Businesses- Ability to Repay Outstanding Loan Balance, Business Impact Analysis, including Agricultural Risk Assessment Matrix, Risk Priority Worksheet, and Implications on Business due to COVID 19. It also covers Readiness Assessments plan such as Agricultural and Allied Activities Exempted from Lockdown and Agricultural Industry Readiness Assessment checklist. This PowerPoint presentation also includes risk management plans such as Covid 19 Farm Contingency Plan and Post harvest, storage and Marketing of farm produce, policy management, Business continuity strategy, and Rural Workers Lost Jobs During Coronavirus Lockdown Survey Results. https://bit.ly/3ag30Dz
One of the most burning issues that have dominated the public sphere in Nigeria and other oil exporting countries is the covid-19 pandemic and its attendant challenges. This pandemic is a shock on real economic fundamentals and frictionless of the market. It introduces a barrier between the market forces with strong complementary feedbacks in the real economy. The absence of precise vaccine or medication for the virus has necessitated the adoption of several precautionary measures with the aim of containing its wide spread. Critical among which are the travel restrictions, lockdown measures as well as social and physical distancing. These measures have detrimental effect on the demand and price of oil in the international market. In view of that, this study evaluates the social and economic impact of covid-19 in Nigeria taking into cognisance the effect on certain critical macroeconomic indicators. The study adopted an analytical approach to supplement the much ongoing documentations on the subject matter. Result shows that virtually all essential macroeconomic indicators are grossly affected with tax, remittances and employment exhibiting severe consequences. Also, uncertainty, panics and lockdown measures are key to motivating higher decrease in world demand. The supply disruptions and huge death toll generates a heightened uncertainty and panic for household and business. This uncertainty and panic leads to drop in consumption and investment thereby causing a decrease in corporate cash flows and triggered firm’s bankruptcy. Also, lay-off and exiting firms produce higher unemployment while labour income decreased significantly. Since it entails a large amount of government expenditure especially in the health sector which is required to contain the spread of the virus, there is needs for government to diversify its revenue sources and thus drop over dependency on the oil remittance. Furthermore, there is a need to support the financial system to avoid the health crisis becoming a financial crisis in the long-run.
CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) IMPACT ON VARIOUS INDUSTRIES & POTENTIAL PATHS OF RECO...Mirdul Amin Sarkar
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is going to be the longest health crisis ever being suffered in the modern times. The pandemic has disrupted global supply chains and international trade. More than 100 countries are closing their national borders and the movement of people has come to a screeching halt. The pause in the movement of people is greatly affecting the world economy, as people are staying indoors and major industrial productions has come to a grounding halt. According to an analysis by the UN Department of Economic and Social affairs, the global economy could shrink by upto 1% in 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic which is lower than the previous forecast of 2.5% growth. The UN also added that the global economy could contract even further if restrictions on economic activities are extended without any adequate fiscal responses.
The coronavirus pandemic is affecting the overall growth of global economy. Some industries are booming in the event of crisis such as Technology, Entertainment industry. Entertainment industry with strong digital presence like Netflix, Amazon prime and technology companies aiding the operations of workplace like videocalling app Zoom are growing significantly in this crisis. Sectors like Groceries, Sanitary & cleaning, Food and beverages, Wholesaling are set to increase due to the pandemic. The corona virus scare has created a huge awareness on hand washing and there is a growing consumers’ inclination towards disinfectants and sanitary products. While some industries are growing with new opportunities, some are stalled and reeling under the lockdown. Tourism and travel industry are completely out of business due to social distancing and travel restrictions. Almost 100 countries over the world have closed their borders and airports have been shut-down for passengers. The airline companies, tourism related business are losing revenue due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Manufacturing sectors are also being closed and the productions are paused due to workers being quarantined in their homes. The agriculture sector is experiencing shortage of labor and fall in agricultural commodity prices. Banking and financial institution will be having hard time in collecting their dues and will be renegotiating credit terms. Banks also won’t be able to gain new deposits during this crisis and thereby affecting its earnings.
Coronavirus Impact Assessment And Mitigation Strategies In Transportation Ind...SlideTeam
This PowerPoint presentation covers the Coronavirus Impact Assessment and Mitigation Strategies in the Transportation Industry. This PPT presentation includes Governments, companies, and communities response to the COVID 19 pandemic and how does it affect our way of life and that of our local, regional, and global transport systems. This presentation we have focused on the impact of coronavirus pandemic on the United States transportation sector such as air transportation, retail and food services transportation, and how Travel Restrictions Affecting Flights. This presentation also covers Impact on Air Travel, Impact on trucking transportation and, Worldwide Transportation Sector Situation. Here we have depicted Disruption Due to Social Distancing such as the impact of COVID 19 outbreak such as how one infected person can spread coronavirus to nine others in public transport due to which concept of social destining is implemented and Public Transport Social Distancing Guidelines. This PowerPoint presentation also focuses on the description in Employee Productivity such as the Impact of COVID 19 on Businesses and The Workforce, how Workforce is Losing Productivity, and Risk of losing work Effectiveness. This PPT presentation is focusing on risks such as Stressed Supply Chains causing COVID 19 Global Supply Chain Disruptions, Effects of COVID 19 on Transportation Demand. It also covers Disruption in Global Logistics Industry Mobility Automotive and Transportation also the Effect of COVID 19 on the supply chain of the transportation market. This presentation also covers the risk of Recession, Unemployment, and Investment Pull-back in the transportation sector such as the downfall in the GDP of goods and transport market and shutting off large parts of the US economy, Logistics Industry Vulnerable To COVID 19 Trade Flows at Risk. It also covers US Trucking Employment Index Plummeting Below Base in Pandemic, Jobs Risk due to COVID 19 Outbreak, how Industries are Suffering the Biggest Job Losses, and Investment Pull Back Status in Transportation Sector. Here we also cover Economic Instability such as Automotive and Transportation Market Outlook, GDP Goods Transportation Sector, and Civil Unrest Due To COVID 19. https://bit.ly/2SD4l18
Not a few countries that are experiencing stuttering when facing of the COVID-19pandemic, the high number of victims and the decline in the economy can be regarded as the state's stuttering in responding to the global health crisis. Stuttering that cannot be overcome has the potential to manifest as a failed state.
The COVID-19 pandemic not only caused numerous casualties in almost the entire world, but also caused a very fundamental global transformation, overhauled patterns of human interaction and relations between nations in the world system, and changed the increasingly loose direction of global geopolitics, making each country have sovereignty in looking at the urgency of global collaboration and collaboration. There are at least three transformations that will change the face of the world going forward, namely economic and trade transformation, and international relations and geostrategy.
The IMF also released the countries with the worst economic growth in 2020. Countries in Europe, Latin America, Africa and even the United States were included in the ranks of the list. This poor economic growth is parallel to the uncontrolled spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in these countries. Poor economic growth in 2020 is a form of stuttering in handling COVID-19.
OECD: The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on economic (Presentation)chaganomics
The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on economic prospects is severe Growth was weak but stabilising until the coronavirus Covid-19 hit. Restrictions on movement of people, goods and services, and containment measures such as factory closures have cut manufacturing and domestic demand sharply in China. The impact on the rest of the world through business travel and tourism, supply chains, commodities and lower confidence is growing.
Economic impact of COVID-19 lock down on small medium enterprise (smes) in la...SubmissionResearchpa
The effect of COVID-19 has negative consequence which has been an invisible enemy raging the entire world populace leading to a global economic crisis. Business across the globe are feeling the negative outcome of the COVID 19 pandemic threatening their ongoing economic daily activities. SMEs in Nigeria are not left out in the share of this negative pandemic, limiting their survival existence. The shutdown of economic activities has greatly affected SMEs in Nigeria. This has led to employees under SMEs lose their jobs. It was concluded that adequate measures needs to be taken by government to cushion the negative effect of COVID 19 in collapsing the existence of SMEs. by Aribisala, and Oluwadamilare Olufolarin 2020. Economic impact of COVID-19 lock down on small medium enterprise (smes) in lagos state. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 7 (Jul. 2020), 62-68. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i7.490. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/490/467 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/490
Coronavirus Impact Assessment And Mitigation Strategies In Agriculture Sector...SlideTeam
This PowerPoint presentation covers the Impact Assessment and Mitigation Strategies in the Agriculture industry. This ppt presentation includes the impact of COVID 19 pandemic on the agriculture sector all over the world causing global trade disturbance. It also covers measures to control outbreaks and Impact on Food Demand and Food Security such as the demand for food has affected due to a reduction in income and purchasing capacity. This PowerPoint presentation has covered agriculture sector overview including Major Impact on Food Transport and Distribution, Impact on Food Demand and Food Security, Projected agriculture sector growth after the COVID 19 outbreak. It also includes COVID 19 Agricultures Income Impacts, how lockdown affected the farmers in INDIA, and IMPACTS OF COVID 19 ON FARMING. This presentation focuses on certain risks in the agricultural sector or industry such as Disruption Due to Social Distancing including Safety Measures in Harvesting, Post harvest Operations, Storage and Marketing of Produce, Social distancing- Worker safety and Personal Protective Equipment PPE and Workers Safety Guidelines. Another risk that we have captured is Plummeting Employee Productivity which includes the Impact Of COVID 19 On Agricultural Field Workers, Loss workers Productivity During COVID 19, and Risks on Productivity of Workers During The COVID 19 Pandemic. It also covers the risk of Stressed Supply Chains including Food Supply Chain Under Strain, Impact of Corona on Supply and demand Side, Exchange Rates- Impact on Exporters, and Urgent increases in food availability from smallholder farmer food production. Another risk that is captured in this PowerPoint presentation is Recession, Unemployment, and Investment Pull-back including Recession Economic Impact on Agriculture World, Change in Rice and Wheat Export Prices, laying off some workers, Impact on Seasonal Workers and Foreign Investors Pull Out Investment. This presentation has also covered Economic Instability and Civil Unrest including Causes on Global Economy Instability, Agriculture Industry Feeling the Economic Instability, and Civil Unrest Due To COVID 19. This PowerPoint presentation also covers the Impact on Agricultural Businesses- Ability to Repay Outstanding Loan Balance, Business Impact Analysis, including Agricultural Risk Assessment Matrix, Risk Priority Worksheet, and Implications on Business due to COVID 19. It also covers Readiness Assessments plan such as Agricultural and Allied Activities Exempted from Lockdown and Agricultural Industry Readiness Assessment checklist. This PowerPoint presentation also includes risk management plans such as Covid 19 Farm Contingency Plan and Post harvest, storage and Marketing of farm produce, policy management, Business continuity strategy, and Rural Workers Lost Jobs During Coronavirus Lockdown Survey Results. https://bit.ly/3ag30Dz
One of the most burning issues that have dominated the public sphere in Nigeria and other oil exporting countries is the covid-19 pandemic and its attendant challenges. This pandemic is a shock on real economic fundamentals and frictionless of the market. It introduces a barrier between the market forces with strong complementary feedbacks in the real economy. The absence of precise vaccine or medication for the virus has necessitated the adoption of several precautionary measures with the aim of containing its wide spread. Critical among which are the travel restrictions, lockdown measures as well as social and physical distancing. These measures have detrimental effect on the demand and price of oil in the international market. In view of that, this study evaluates the social and economic impact of covid-19 in Nigeria taking into cognisance the effect on certain critical macroeconomic indicators. The study adopted an analytical approach to supplement the much ongoing documentations on the subject matter. Result shows that virtually all essential macroeconomic indicators are grossly affected with tax, remittances and employment exhibiting severe consequences. Also, uncertainty, panics and lockdown measures are key to motivating higher decrease in world demand. The supply disruptions and huge death toll generates a heightened uncertainty and panic for household and business. This uncertainty and panic leads to drop in consumption and investment thereby causing a decrease in corporate cash flows and triggered firm’s bankruptcy. Also, lay-off and exiting firms produce higher unemployment while labour income decreased significantly. Since it entails a large amount of government expenditure especially in the health sector which is required to contain the spread of the virus, there is needs for government to diversify its revenue sources and thus drop over dependency on the oil remittance. Furthermore, there is a need to support the financial system to avoid the health crisis becoming a financial crisis in the long-run.
CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) IMPACT ON VARIOUS INDUSTRIES & POTENTIAL PATHS OF RECO...Mirdul Amin Sarkar
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is going to be the longest health crisis ever being suffered in the modern times. The pandemic has disrupted global supply chains and international trade. More than 100 countries are closing their national borders and the movement of people has come to a screeching halt. The pause in the movement of people is greatly affecting the world economy, as people are staying indoors and major industrial productions has come to a grounding halt. According to an analysis by the UN Department of Economic and Social affairs, the global economy could shrink by upto 1% in 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic which is lower than the previous forecast of 2.5% growth. The UN also added that the global economy could contract even further if restrictions on economic activities are extended without any adequate fiscal responses.
The coronavirus pandemic is affecting the overall growth of global economy. Some industries are booming in the event of crisis such as Technology, Entertainment industry. Entertainment industry with strong digital presence like Netflix, Amazon prime and technology companies aiding the operations of workplace like videocalling app Zoom are growing significantly in this crisis. Sectors like Groceries, Sanitary & cleaning, Food and beverages, Wholesaling are set to increase due to the pandemic. The corona virus scare has created a huge awareness on hand washing and there is a growing consumers’ inclination towards disinfectants and sanitary products. While some industries are growing with new opportunities, some are stalled and reeling under the lockdown. Tourism and travel industry are completely out of business due to social distancing and travel restrictions. Almost 100 countries over the world have closed their borders and airports have been shut-down for passengers. The airline companies, tourism related business are losing revenue due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Manufacturing sectors are also being closed and the productions are paused due to workers being quarantined in their homes. The agriculture sector is experiencing shortage of labor and fall in agricultural commodity prices. Banking and financial institution will be having hard time in collecting their dues and will be renegotiating credit terms. Banks also won’t be able to gain new deposits during this crisis and thereby affecting its earnings.
Coronavirus Impact Assessment And Mitigation Strategies In Transportation Ind...SlideTeam
This PowerPoint presentation covers the Coronavirus Impact Assessment and Mitigation Strategies in the Transportation Industry. This PPT presentation includes Governments, companies, and communities response to the COVID 19 pandemic and how does it affect our way of life and that of our local, regional, and global transport systems. This presentation we have focused on the impact of coronavirus pandemic on the United States transportation sector such as air transportation, retail and food services transportation, and how Travel Restrictions Affecting Flights. This presentation also covers Impact on Air Travel, Impact on trucking transportation and, Worldwide Transportation Sector Situation. Here we have depicted Disruption Due to Social Distancing such as the impact of COVID 19 outbreak such as how one infected person can spread coronavirus to nine others in public transport due to which concept of social destining is implemented and Public Transport Social Distancing Guidelines. This PowerPoint presentation also focuses on the description in Employee Productivity such as the Impact of COVID 19 on Businesses and The Workforce, how Workforce is Losing Productivity, and Risk of losing work Effectiveness. This PPT presentation is focusing on risks such as Stressed Supply Chains causing COVID 19 Global Supply Chain Disruptions, Effects of COVID 19 on Transportation Demand. It also covers Disruption in Global Logistics Industry Mobility Automotive and Transportation also the Effect of COVID 19 on the supply chain of the transportation market. This presentation also covers the risk of Recession, Unemployment, and Investment Pull-back in the transportation sector such as the downfall in the GDP of goods and transport market and shutting off large parts of the US economy, Logistics Industry Vulnerable To COVID 19 Trade Flows at Risk. It also covers US Trucking Employment Index Plummeting Below Base in Pandemic, Jobs Risk due to COVID 19 Outbreak, how Industries are Suffering the Biggest Job Losses, and Investment Pull Back Status in Transportation Sector. Here we also cover Economic Instability such as Automotive and Transportation Market Outlook, GDP Goods Transportation Sector, and Civil Unrest Due To COVID 19. https://bit.ly/2SD4l18
Not a few countries that are experiencing stuttering when facing of the COVID-19pandemic, the high number of victims and the decline in the economy can be regarded as the state's stuttering in responding to the global health crisis. Stuttering that cannot be overcome has the potential to manifest as a failed state.
The COVID-19 pandemic not only caused numerous casualties in almost the entire world, but also caused a very fundamental global transformation, overhauled patterns of human interaction and relations between nations in the world system, and changed the increasingly loose direction of global geopolitics, making each country have sovereignty in looking at the urgency of global collaboration and collaboration. There are at least three transformations that will change the face of the world going forward, namely economic and trade transformation, and international relations and geostrategy.
The IMF also released the countries with the worst economic growth in 2020. Countries in Europe, Latin America, Africa and even the United States were included in the ranks of the list. This poor economic growth is parallel to the uncontrolled spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in these countries. Poor economic growth in 2020 is a form of stuttering in handling COVID-19.
OECD: The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on economic (Presentation)chaganomics
The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on economic prospects is severe Growth was weak but stabilising until the coronavirus Covid-19 hit. Restrictions on movement of people, goods and services, and containment measures such as factory closures have cut manufacturing and domestic demand sharply in China. The impact on the rest of the world through business travel and tourism, supply chains, commodities and lower confidence is growing.
Coronavirus Impact Assessment And Mitigation Strategies On Food Service Indus...SlideTeam
Foodservice industry has been hit hardest as government closes restaurants and bars in order to slow down the coronavirus spread. This presentation will help an organization in addressing a collection of COVID 19 outbreak impact assessment and mitigation strategies reported in food service industry. Following presentation compromises mainly four sections namely food service industry overview, risk assessment and its impact, how risks are mitigated and risk maturity model survey questionnaire. At first, food service industry overview section will help the organization in highlighting coronavirus pandemic impact on global food industry, average change in sales of top two hundred food chain businesses, impact on food service spending behavior and sales originated from third-party delivery partners. Risk assessment and its impact section will cover five major risk caused by coronavirus in food service industry namely disruption due to social distancing, plummeting employee productivity, stressed supply chain, recession, unemployment and investment pullout, economic instability and civic unrest. How risks are mitigated section will help the firm in addressing the measures taken by food service industry to tackle coronavirus outbreak. Sub headings covered in the section are business impact analysis, risk readiness assessment, risk management plans, business continuity plans, policy management and incident management. At last, risk maturity model survey questionnaire section will help the organisation to address survey results of questionnaires asked from customers who usually go out for dinning at restaurants. https://bit.ly/2OnYvio
Coronavirus Impact Assessment And Mitigation Strategies On Medical Supplies A...SlideTeam
Coronavirus Impact Assessment and Mitigation Strategies on Medical Supplies and Services The COVID 19 pandemic has an adverse effect on medical supplies and services industry. Due to coronavirus, the entire world is facing shortages in terms of medical supplies and services. The virus has forced social distancing which has resulted in shortfall in the supply of medications and inappropriate services to the patients suffering from this virus. COVID 19 pandemic has also affected other related industries as well such as pharmaceutical industry, various medical devices companies and tourism industry as well. This deck has been created to study the impact of coronavirus on medical supplies and services industry along with mitigation strategies for the same. In this deck, we have focused on overview of medical supplies and services sector, COVID 19 impact on medical services on global scale, effects of COVID 19 on medical supplies and services and impact on revenue and market share of global medical devices market. Risks have been assessed such as disruption due to social distancing, employee productivity, supply chain, recession, unemployment, investment pull back, economic instability, and civil unrest, fraud risks in medical supplies etc. in this deck. Risks mitigation strategies are analyzed which focuses on business impact analysis, risk readiness assessments, risk management plans, business continuity plans, policy management, and incident management. The Risk Management Maturity Model Assessment has also been covered along with essential medical supplies and services checklist required during COVID 19. https://bit.ly/3s0Dyrm
The economies are integrate with each other and nations need cooperation and coordination among themselves to overcome the economic crisis. Moreover, the nations should co-operate, coordinate and help each other to fight against Coronavirus. Subject to immediate relief from pandemic, the economic recovery from this fatal disease is only possible by 2021. It has already left severe impacts on the global economy and the countries face multiple difficulties to bring it back in a stable condition.
Economic and sectoral impact of covid pandemicRajivRoy28
Presentation studies the Impact of COVID on Different Sectors of Indian Stock Market. Article observes significant changes in Indian Industrial Sectors in the wake of COVID 19 Pandemic.
Impact of COVID-19 on Industry and opportunities 2020 25Subodh Pandey
Indeed, for the first time in world history, this unprecedented situation COVID 19 has been threading to Humanity across the border. there is a glance of affected Industry and the opportunities awaiting for all of us.
Zerihun Getachew Kelbore
POLICY SEMINAR
Retail food prices at the country level and implications for food security
How are rising food prices, further aggravated by the invasion of Ukraine, being transmitted at the country level?
MAR 29, 2022 - 9:30 TO 11:00AM EDT
Abdoulaye Seck
POLICY SEMINAR
Making the most of intra-African trade: the 2021 Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor
Co-Organized by IFPRI and AKADEMIYA2063
SEP 23, 2021 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
COVID-19 amenaza con convertirse en una de las pruebas más difíciles que enfrenta la humanidad en la historia moderna. Como
la pandemia se ha extendido se ha cobrado vidas, ha provocado ansiedad y drama político, ha abrumado la salud
sistemas, y provocó un cambio geopolítico potencialmente duradero. El Fondo Monetario Internacional dice que
La economía mundial se enfrenta ahora a su peor recesión desde la Gran Depresión, y Oxfam Internacional ha
advirtió que 500 millones de personas podrían caer en la pobreza como resultado de la crisis en curso. Alrededor
En el mundo, se están realizando esfuerzos desesperados para contener lo que se ha convertido en un brote profundamente perturbador.
Coronavirus Impact Assessment And Mitigation Strategies On Food Service Indus...SlideTeam
Foodservice industry has been hit hardest as government closes restaurants and bars in order to slow down the coronavirus spread. This presentation will help an organization in addressing a collection of COVID 19 outbreak impact assessment and mitigation strategies reported in food service industry. Following presentation compromises mainly four sections namely food service industry overview, risk assessment and its impact, how risks are mitigated and risk maturity model survey questionnaire. At first, food service industry overview section will help the organization in highlighting coronavirus pandemic impact on global food industry, average change in sales of top two hundred food chain businesses, impact on food service spending behavior and sales originated from third-party delivery partners. Risk assessment and its impact section will cover five major risk caused by coronavirus in food service industry namely disruption due to social distancing, plummeting employee productivity, stressed supply chain, recession, unemployment and investment pullout, economic instability and civic unrest. How risks are mitigated section will help the firm in addressing the measures taken by food service industry to tackle coronavirus outbreak. Sub headings covered in the section are business impact analysis, risk readiness assessment, risk management plans, business continuity plans, policy management and incident management. At last, risk maturity model survey questionnaire section will help the organisation to address survey results of questionnaires asked from customers who usually go out for dinning at restaurants. https://bit.ly/2OnYvio
Coronavirus Impact Assessment And Mitigation Strategies On Medical Supplies A...SlideTeam
Coronavirus Impact Assessment and Mitigation Strategies on Medical Supplies and Services The COVID 19 pandemic has an adverse effect on medical supplies and services industry. Due to coronavirus, the entire world is facing shortages in terms of medical supplies and services. The virus has forced social distancing which has resulted in shortfall in the supply of medications and inappropriate services to the patients suffering from this virus. COVID 19 pandemic has also affected other related industries as well such as pharmaceutical industry, various medical devices companies and tourism industry as well. This deck has been created to study the impact of coronavirus on medical supplies and services industry along with mitigation strategies for the same. In this deck, we have focused on overview of medical supplies and services sector, COVID 19 impact on medical services on global scale, effects of COVID 19 on medical supplies and services and impact on revenue and market share of global medical devices market. Risks have been assessed such as disruption due to social distancing, employee productivity, supply chain, recession, unemployment, investment pull back, economic instability, and civil unrest, fraud risks in medical supplies etc. in this deck. Risks mitigation strategies are analyzed which focuses on business impact analysis, risk readiness assessments, risk management plans, business continuity plans, policy management, and incident management. The Risk Management Maturity Model Assessment has also been covered along with essential medical supplies and services checklist required during COVID 19. https://bit.ly/3s0Dyrm
The economies are integrate with each other and nations need cooperation and coordination among themselves to overcome the economic crisis. Moreover, the nations should co-operate, coordinate and help each other to fight against Coronavirus. Subject to immediate relief from pandemic, the economic recovery from this fatal disease is only possible by 2021. It has already left severe impacts on the global economy and the countries face multiple difficulties to bring it back in a stable condition.
Economic and sectoral impact of covid pandemicRajivRoy28
Presentation studies the Impact of COVID on Different Sectors of Indian Stock Market. Article observes significant changes in Indian Industrial Sectors in the wake of COVID 19 Pandemic.
Impact of COVID-19 on Industry and opportunities 2020 25Subodh Pandey
Indeed, for the first time in world history, this unprecedented situation COVID 19 has been threading to Humanity across the border. there is a glance of affected Industry and the opportunities awaiting for all of us.
Zerihun Getachew Kelbore
POLICY SEMINAR
Retail food prices at the country level and implications for food security
How are rising food prices, further aggravated by the invasion of Ukraine, being transmitted at the country level?
MAR 29, 2022 - 9:30 TO 11:00AM EDT
Abdoulaye Seck
POLICY SEMINAR
Making the most of intra-African trade: the 2021 Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor
Co-Organized by IFPRI and AKADEMIYA2063
SEP 23, 2021 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
COVID-19 amenaza con convertirse en una de las pruebas más difíciles que enfrenta la humanidad en la historia moderna. Como
la pandemia se ha extendido se ha cobrado vidas, ha provocado ansiedad y drama político, ha abrumado la salud
sistemas, y provocó un cambio geopolítico potencialmente duradero. El Fondo Monetario Internacional dice que
La economía mundial se enfrenta ahora a su peor recesión desde la Gran Depresión, y Oxfam Internacional ha
advirtió que 500 millones de personas podrían caer en la pobreza como resultado de la crisis en curso. Alrededor
En el mundo, se están realizando esfuerzos desesperados para contener lo que se ha convertido en un brote profundamente perturbador.
Impact of COVID-19 on Global Consumers and Emerging OpportunitiesSam Ghosh
COVID-19 is a humanitarian crisis as such the world has not seen for generations. For the consumers, it is a shock of unprecedented proportions. Consumer behavior in many sectors is going to change in the post-COVID era. Evidence shows that consumers have become more home-bound, digitally adopted, health-conscious, and community-driven.
While it is true that many industries suffered great losses and likely to struggle for years, opportunities are also emerging especially for emerging tech.
The pandemic has accelerated the shift to eCommerce and delivery services. Not only existing categories and consumer segments experienced a boost - new products and consumer segments found their way to eCommerce and delivery. As people are likely to continue spending more time at home, these sectors likely to see long-term growth. The retail subscription business also got a boost from the pandemic. The growth is driven by daily essentials. Hyper-local commerce, Social Commerce and Group-Buying are getting a stronghold as consumers are becoming more and more community-oriented.
Subscription Video on Demand (SVoD) services saw accelerated growth in both the number of subscribers and viewing time-span. The idea of entertainment is evolving supporting the SVoD sector for the long term.
The messaging apps saw significant growth due to the pandemic. Techcrunch reports that “WhatsApp has seen a 40% increase in usage that grew from an initial 27% bump in the earlier days of the pandemic to 41% in the mid-phase. For countries already in the later phase of the pandemic, WhatsApp usage has jumped by 51%”. As people were forced to stay at home - entertainment also shifted indoors. COVID worked as a boon to the Video Gaming and Esports industry.
COVID-19 has accelerated digital adoption in healthcare. Indian health platform Practo saw a 600% increase in online consultation between March and August 2020.
As COVID-19 forced the Gyms and similar facilities to remain closed, people quickly adopted to use fitness apps, streaming services, wearables, and connected devices. As making time for visits to the gym was inconvenient even before the pandemic, this change of behavior i.e. fitness at home likely to stay in the long term.
Social distancing forced people to buy pharmaceuticals online boosting the growth of online pharma. At the same time, sales of supplements increased significantly as people focused on boosting their immunity.
It is expected that small towns and rural areas are likely to lead the recovery creating opportunities for Agritech and Vernacular Tech.
Corona virus pandemic impact on digital advertising industryYieldbird
The safety measures imposed by the governments of almost all countries to protect their citizens will most probably trigger a period of economic turmoil much bigger than the 2008 crisis. This means that while protecting our health, we need to also start thinking about the future. To make this situation at least a little easier, we have decided to compile the most important knowledge we possess in terms of the potential future implications of the pandemic; and we have set out ways to navigate this difficult situation. We hope the will prove useful to you in terms of making all necessary business decisions.
The health crisis and the unprecedented disruption caused by COVID-19 have had profound impacts on economies, businesses and consumers worldwide, changing the way consumers live, work and shop.
Uncertainty remains high, but what is clear is that economies will not emerge unscathed and the daily routines and lifestyles of consumers will shift to accommodate continued social distancing. Whilst treatment and vaccine options are investigated, and potentially into the longer term, a new normal will emerge, as fears of a pandemic or other destructive events remain palpable.
Consumer Behavior During COVID-19: Understanding ConsumerProweaver, Inc
COVID-19 has created shifts in consumer behavior. Find out how your business is affected by these changes and the different ways Proweaver can help.
Originally published at https://www.proweaver.com/consumer-behavior-during-covid19.
2020 has been one of the most polarizing years in recent history. A global pandemic decimated the economy, the murders of Ahmaud Aubrey, Breonna Taylor, and George Floyd sparked a worldwide outcry for social justice, and a contentious presidential election gripped the nation while the world watched. All these events culminated in a complex display of cultural dynamics that influence contemporary consumer attitudes and behavior.
In our 2020 ThinkNow Year-End Report, we examine these events through a multicultural lens to provide actionable insights on key consumer trends to watch heading into 2021.
Cooperative A Positive Growth Driver in a Pandemic Economyijtsrd
The pandemic economy is an economy inflicted with deadly disease or plague such as the corona virus disease 2019 COVID 19 . The economy is characterized with setbacks in social and economic activities including deaths as a result of the deadly disease. This study therefore examined the COVID 19 Pandemic its meaning, origin and the need to overcome the pandemic. The paper described how global, regional and national cooperation can help overcome the pandemic using cooperative as a platform. However, considering the economic, social and environmental challenges of the pandemic, this paper contends that the cooperative model of enterprise has in recent time proven to be more sustainable and reliable platform for social and economic transformation in the Nigerian economy in the pandemic era for some obvious reasons The paper posited that the government and donor agencies have relied on cooperative in fighting hunger and poverty. The cooperative has also been relied upon for achieving national food security programme. Institutions both educational and other agencies are setting up one form of cooperative organization or the other for solving their social and economic needs. Research has also shown that many micro business owners rely on cooperative group membership for their business growth. Today, the cooperative ideals are spread across all sectors of the economy even without much publicity. Most importantly the pandemic made thousands if not millions of people informal members of cooperative organization in an effort to survive the vicious attack of the pandemic. The paper concludes that it is imperative that a clear cut cooperative sector that will serve as a professional and institutional base for cooperative growth and development in Nigeria be established. Anigbogu, Theresa Ukamaka | Uzochukwu, Lebechukwu David | Akwaekwe, Christian Ikechukwu "Cooperative: A Positive Growth Driver in a Pandemic Economy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50361.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/50361/cooperative-a-positive-growth-driver-in-a-pandemic-economy/anigbogu-theresa-ukamaka
India’s healthcare consumer sentiment during the COVID-19 crisis-converted.pdfdocNmeds
India’s healthcare consumer sentiment
during the COVID-19 crisis
The outbreak of COVID-19 changed people in many ways. This pandemic has
affected the lives of many people, their attitude towards life, their desires,
aspirations, future plans etc.
People are also struggling to avoid the deadly corona virus. people are scared
about Epidemic. They started watching on all kinds of resources, especially
social media Updated information on the new coronavirus, new generation
faces First pandemic. Many countries have increased their search New drugs
and vaccines. Some are investigated and vaccinated.
The mask is necessary people know more than ever to combat the Covid-19
virus. They also pay more for their health; Consumers are starting to buy
and eat more solid foods.
The impact of COVID-19 is rapidly changing buying behavior and patterns.
spread of the epidemic. Respondents said that many of them made online
purchases.
Please stay after the outbreak. Shopping intentions have changed due to the
pandemic. Traditional, pure, and natural products began to spread
Consumer basket while shopping. They were forced to buy non-branded
products because of non-availability of health care product.
Health care consumer started to buy Basic medical equipment like digital
thermometer, face mask, gloves, spares etc.
Regular use of disinfectants, spirometers, heart rate monitors and antibiotics
to avoid access, from corona virus.
Over the past two decades, the Internet has become an accepted way to buy
products and services. Buying medicines online is no exception. In addition
to its benefits, purchasing drugs outside of the traditional supply chain
carries a number of patient safety risks. Although there are thousands of
online pharmacies available on the web, the exact size of the market is
unknown. Currently, there is limited data available on the number and
behavior of people who use Internet pharmacies, and use drugs and other
health products from the Internet
Impact on Healthcare Professionals
The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is an ever-evolving challenge for
healthcare professionals around the world. However, many developing
countries are not aware of this problem. The aim of this study is to explore the
challenges faced by healthcare professionals (doctors and nurses) during
COVID-19 in India.
A worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 was reported on March 11, 2020 Although
isolation is the best way to prevent the spread of the disease, it is not easy to
access for physicians who require direct contact with COVID-19 patients.
Frontline healthcare professionals are particularly vulnerable during this
epidemic as they work to control the disease As of October 15, 2020, there
were approximately 4,797 covid-19 cases between doctors and nurses,
resulting in more than 100 medical deaths in India
In addition to physical risks, this public health affects the mindset of health
workers in emergencies
A paper cover the devised policy for patrons in libraries during covid-19. The author has formulated few policy that are helpful for the entire community based on libraries and educational institute
Ample information, how library can be run in the age of pandemic. The paper highlights different issues being faced by the librarians during covid-19 and similar pandemic issues.
Similar to Effect of Corona Virus on the Shopping Criteria of Lebanese Consumers (20)
Many countries have seen the importance of financial education by making financial
education a national strategy. In Vietnam, although the National Strategies for Inclusive Financial
Education has been proposed since 2017 and officially included in the National Financial Inclusion
Strategy in 2020, however, financial education is still quite new, and many people are not aware of
the necessity of financial l
Today, in the rapidly emerging globalization process, increasing the competitiveness of enterprises
depends on increasing of their firm performance. Although there are many methods and techniques affecting
firm performance, Information technology (IT) capabilities has become one of the most widely used method,
especially in dealing with supply chain matters of a firm. The aim of our study is to express whether innovation
and organization learning is effective as intermediate variable to the effects of IT capabilities at firm’s
performance. The opinion which claim
Globally, the number of startup companies has rapidly expanded during the last 5-8 years. Offering
products and/or services that greatly enhance the lives of its clients is a major focus for these firms. In India,
local and federal government initiatives have provided new enterprises and entrepreneurs with much
momentum and assistance, helping India become the world's top startup location. The Government of India
(GOI) launched the "Startup India" campaign in 2015 to promote entrepreneurship and support businesses to
achieve this goal (Babu, S., Sridevi, K.,2019). An IBM Center for Business Value and Oxford Economics study
in 2018 found that 90% of Indian companies fail within the first five years of operation. Potential difficulties
that startups may run across, both generally and specifically in the Indian market, have been described by
several authors.
Behaviour finance is the study of how psychological phenomena affect financial behaviour. This
financial science is used in making financial decisions. Amid the development of the digital economy, paylater
innovation has emerged. It is feared that the ease of use of paylater can have a negative impact, one of which is
the attitude of impulsive buying. This research will analyze the effect of financial literacy, self-control, risk
perception, and percieved ease of use on impulsive buying behaviour. This research is based on Decision Affect
Theory, which is a theory that discusses financial decision behaviour that is influenced by self-emotion. This
research is uses purposive sampling wi
Improving the business environment is one of the key strategies to promote local and regional
economic development. However, which factors affect the business environment of the provinces is still
controversial. Using survey data from 400 investors and managers and a multivariate regression analysis
method, this study has identified the factors affecting the business environment of Hai Phong province. The
analysis results show that there are 09 factors affecting the business environment of Hai Phong City, including
entry costs, land access and tenure, transparent, informal charges, time cost, pro-activeness, business support
services, labor training and legal institutions. In
The effect of work attitude and innovation ability on employee innovation performance is of great
significance for improving the innovation ability of manufacturing enterprises and building an "Innovative
Country" in China.This article theoretical analysis was conducted on the mechanism by which the work attitude
of employees in manufacturing enterprises affects innovation performance and the mediating mechanism of
innovation ability. Based on data from Chinese manufacturing enterprises, empirical analysis was conducted
using SEM models. Resear
The concept of organizational resilience continues to grow in focus and importance, but there
has yet to be an agreed upon measure of organizational resilience. Organizational resilience can be seen as a
corporation’s ability to adapt to change and maintain flexibility within their supply chain. Resilience and
flexibility at all organizational levels is necessary, in a proactive manner, to turn resilience into a competitive
advantage
In this paper, by using the basic method of differential geometry, combined with the optimization
theory and the basic technique of data analysis, the definition, basic properties and statistical characteristics of
nonlinear correlation coefficients on manifolds are studied and given, test the rationality and validity of the
nonlinear correlation coefficient defined in this paper. Therefore, the study of this paper has certain theoretical
value and potential practical significance.
This study aims to analyze and prove whether there is a positive and significant influence
between product quality and poki prices on purchasing decisions for Kobba brand coffee. The survey was
conducted using 53 respondents who were buyers who had purchased Kobba brand coffee more than once.
Information from respondents was obtained through a list of questions that were sent and returned by
respondents
In this paper, we introduce a universal framework for mean-distortion robust risk measurement and
portfolio optimization. We take accounts for the uncertainty based on Gelbrich distance and another uncertainty
set proposed by Delage & Ye. We also establish the model under the constraints of probabilistic safety
criteria and compare the different frontiers and the investment ratio to each asset. The empirical analysis in the
final part explores the impact of different parameters on the model results.
Despite the attainment of the famous Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of reducing the number
of poor people across the globe a significant number still live below the poverty line. The problem of poverty is
more endemic in developing countries like Nigeria. Several intervention efforts have been in place to address
the poverty question which persists partly due to serious financial exclusion and unethical activities of informal
finance providers.
The focus of this research was to establish the effect of entrepreneurship Ecosystem in inculcating
entrepreneurial propensity for community development. Promotion of entrepreneurship in Kenya has existed
ever since independence. The Government has shown tremendous support to entrepreneurship growth. The
Government have channelled financial support through funding such as Women Enterprise fund, Youth
Enterprise Fund and Uwezo Fund
In this paper, we consider an AAI with two types of insurance business with p-thinning dependent
claims risk, diversify claims risk by purchasing proportional reinsurance, and invest in a stock with Heston
model price process, a risk-free bond, and a credit bond in the financial market with the objective of maximizing
the expectation of the terminal wealth index effect, and construct the wealth process of AAI as well as the the
model of robust optimal reinsurance-investment problem is obtained, using dynamic programming, the HJB
equation to obtain the pre-default and post-default reinsurance-investment strategies and the display expression
of the value function, respectively, and the sensitivity of the model parameters is analyzed through numerical
experiments to obtain a realistic economic interpretation. The model as well as the results in this paper are a
generalization and extension of the results of existing studies.
:Textiles and clothing are a fundamental part of everyday life and an important sector in the global
economy. It is hard to imagine a world without textiles. Clothes are worn by almost everyone, almost all the time
and it also becomes an important expression for an individuality. In 2015, emission from textiles production
totaled 1.2 billion tons of CO2 equivalent throughout its lifecycle. The fashion industry is a large consumer of
water, high volumes of water containing
In this paper, we construct a Credit Default Swap pricing model for default recovery rates under
distributional uncertainty based on a structured pricing model and distributional uncertainty theory. The model
is algorithmically transformed into a solvable semi-definite programming problem using the Lagrangian dual
method, and the solution of the model is given using the projection interior point method. Finally, an empirical
analysis is conducted, and the results show that the model constructed in this paper is reasonable and efficient
The closures of schools, colleges, and universities in many countries worldwide during the COVID19 pandemic have reshaped every aspect of our normal lives and educational experience. As a result of
extended periods of lockdown, whole populations have been advised to stay in their households and
communicate with others through distance electronic communications methods such as Zoom, Teams, Google
meetings etc. More than 1
Even though economists and academics have been studying money laundering for many years, there
are still gaps in the research because there is a dearth of trustworthy data on the activity as well as an absence
of specific sources and methods of collection in government-based reporting. The Walker-Unger gravity model
was used in this study to determine the countries that Russian-based money launderers used as funding
destinations between the years 2000 and 2020, as well as whether there are any variations in country rankings
during economic downturns. The investigation's findings indicated that even during recessionary times, money
launderers with Russian bases consistently preferred certain countries as their destination
This study will establish a scientific foundation for analyzing and assessing the development of
human resources in industrial parks of Hai Duong province. According to statistics and primary data, the
study analyzes the current situation of human resource development in the industrial parks in Hai Duong
province, states achievements, limitations and their causes, thereby giving solutions to improve the human
resource development in industrial parks of Hai Duong province in the future for the economic development
of industrial parks in particular and Hai Duong province in general.
Solar photovoltaic systems are becoming essential in renewable energy sources to help reduce
dependence on renewable energy sources, fossil fuels and mitigate climate change. In the world today, many
successful businesses bring efficiency to the environment as well as the global economy. However, to evaluate
the business performance of the global supply chain, it is necessary to find an appropriate method. This article
uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) methods to compare
performance across businesses
The objective of this research is 1) to study social media usage behavior of the elderly and 2) to
examine the relationship between factors of the social media usage behavior of the elderly in Surat Thani
Province, Thailand. The data were collected from selected elderly aged 60 years and older in Surat Thani
Province. The number of the sample in this study was 400. The questionnaire was used as a tool to collect the
data. Statistics used were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Chi-Square
More from International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) (20)
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Skye Residences | Extended Stay Residences Near Toronto Airportmarketingjdass
Experience unparalleled EXTENDED STAY and comfort at Skye Residences located just minutes from Toronto Airport. Discover sophisticated accommodations tailored for discerning travelers.
Website Link :
https://skyeresidences.com/
https://skyeresidences.com/about-us/
https://skyeresidences.com/gallery/
https://skyeresidences.com/rooms/
https://skyeresidences.com/near-by-attractions/
https://skyeresidences.com/commute/
https://skyeresidences.com/contact/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-and-balcony/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-king-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
#Skye Residences Etobicoke, #Skye Residences Near Toronto Airport, #Skye Residences Toronto, #Skye Hotel Toronto, #Skye Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Near Toronto Airport Accommodation, #Suites Near Toronto Airport, #Etobicoke Suites Near Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Pearson International Airport, #Toronto Airport Suite Rentals, #Pearson Airport Hotel Suites
Remote sensing and monitoring are changing the mining industry for the better. These are providing innovative solutions to long-standing challenges. Those related to exploration, extraction, and overall environmental management by mining technology companies Odisha. These technologies make use of satellite imaging, aerial photography and sensors to collect data that might be inaccessible or from hazardous locations. With the use of this technology, mining operations are becoming increasingly efficient. Let us gain more insight into the key aspects associated with remote sensing and monitoring when it comes to mining.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
Know more: https://www.synapseindia.com/technology/mean-stack-development-company.html
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
Effect of Corona Virus on the Shopping Criteria of Lebanese Consumers
1. International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM)
Volume 5 Issue 10 October 2020, P.P. 52-62
ISSN: 2456-4559
www.ijbmm.com
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 52
Effect of Corona Virus on the Shopping Criteria of Lebanese
Consumers
Rasha Abdul Khalek , Maged Eid
Summary: The negative consequences of Covid-19 pandemic from lockdowns of whole countries, travel bans,
and the closure of shops and service points have disrupted the economic and social balance of the whole world.
Consequently, consumer’s buying behavior and their shopping criteria has been negatively affected. In this
research paper we try to find out the changes in habits and attitudes and their effect on the consumption
patterns. To do so, we conducted a survey consisting of 33 questions used to ask more than 400 Lebanese
consumers about the effect of Covid-19 on their shopping criteria. The main research Question of this study is to
ascertain the impact of Covid-19 on Consumers shopping criteria? The results indicate that the consumers
shopping criteria is negatively affected by the spread of the coronavirus and the price sensitivity was the most
important variable influencing the consumers shopping criteria as consumers are buying cheaper commodities.
Also, consumers tend to buy healthier products. On other hand, consumers are not ordering online for many
reasons.
Keywords: COVID-19, Pandemic, Consumer habits, New regulations for shopping, Customer experience,
Shopping criteria.
I. Introduction
Throughout the course of history, a series of crises generated by pandemics, wars, cataclysms and other
natural phenomena, have led to the occurrence of severe economic disturbances, materialized in deep changes of
the society. In the last century, the global human history has registered thousands of epidemics, including
diseases from the Spanish flu, to the Asian flu, passing by AIDS pandemic and epidemic, H1N1 Swine Flu,
Ebola, Zika Virus epidemic and ultimately the Covid 19 Corona virus global pandemic (Jarus, 2020).
The initial appearance of COVID-19 in China and its fast worldwide spread during 2020 has changed the lives
of billions of people. During this crisis, the majority of countries have imposed international travel bans,
lockdowns of whole countries and the closure of the majority of shops and other service points. Consequently,
health care systems were suffering from the large patient load and its ability to face the spread of such pandemic
has been questioned (Faust, 2020).
Even worse, the COVID-19 has not only risked global humanity health but also the social and economic
stability in each affected country, and has tested its resilience to face such pandemic. As such, leading economic
experts recognize the major effect of COVID-19 on both consumption and GDP (Borsh, 2020; Stanciu et
al.,2020; Wirtschaftsdienst, 2020) and some other experts predict the largest economic recession since the great
depression with a worldwide impact (Rappeport and Smialek, 2020).
In another hand, consumers are deeply concerned about the impact of COVID-19 on their health and their
consumption behavior. People across the globe are afraid as they strive to adapt to a new normal. Consequently,
they are responding in a variety of ways and have differing attitudes, behaviors and purchasing habits (Wright
and Blackburn, 2020). To overcome such situation companies are implementing new sales and service solutions
to secure minimum level of business, some of the adaptation methods involve ecommerce, digital customer
service, etc. without a doubt the COVID-19 epidemic is one of the greatest crises for the humanity within the
past decade and will influences consumer behavior (Zierlein et al., 2020).
The purpose of this research paper is to examine the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on consumer shopping
criteria. Are the consumers changing their consumption habits due to lockdown and social distancing especially
by buying cheaper commodities with different shopping criteria? Are the consumers acquiring new habits as
ordering online and buying healthy food?
2. Effect of Corona Virus on the shopping criteria of Lebanese consumers
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 53
II. Literature review
According to the World Health Organization, COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the most
recently discovered coronavirus. This new virus and disease were unknown before the outbreak began in
Wuhan, China, in December 2019. COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis, being spread subsequently to
Europe, Euro-Asia and America (Mayo Clinics, 2020; Hui et al., 2020). At the present, there are over 13 million
persons affected and more than 580 thousand deaths worldwide, while in Lebanon, there are 2419 confirmed
cases and 36 deaths. These numbers are continuously increasing and the information on the discovery of a
medical treatment with concrete results or the development of a vaccine are not encouraging (Corbu, 2020). The
general recommended measures by the WHO are strict personal hygiene, avoiding contact with persons
susceptible of infection, isolation, quarantine and most recently, wearing protection masks in public spaces
(WHO, 2020a).
The spread of the global coronavirus epidemic has had a strong impact on financial markets, with important
effects on the world economy as the majority of the infected countries have taken drastic measures to limit the
spread of infection by stopping any economic activity and closing border, which affected badly several sectors
of activity such as tourism, retail, transport, agriculture (Stephany et al., 2020).
Regarding the changing attitudes, behaviors and habits of consumers due to COVID-19 outbreak, many studies
and researches on same has emerged to try to understand these changes. For example, The Accenture Covid-19
Consumer Research run regular surveys to track changes in the situation, last one was conducted during April
2–6 and included 3,074 Covid-19 consumers in 15 markets around the globe (Wright and Blackburn, 2020).
According to their findings there are five new types of consumers: the worriers, who are, in majority, senior
citizens fearful of the future, anxious and worried about their health. The second type of consumers are the
individualists, who looks out for themselves, stockpiling essentials and trying to ensure he or she can maintain
his or her status quo. The third type of consumers are the rationalist. This person has a ―keep calm and carry
on‖ mentality. They have a high awareness of news sorting information into what is useful vs. what is not. they
have increased the purchase of only advised products, such as personal hygiene, cleaning and staple products.
While the fourth type of consumers is the Activist who is looking out for and supporting others in the
community. Finally, the nonchalant person who is carrying out business as usual, they call him the Indifferent.
He or she is the least informed of all consumer types and is unlikely to be aware of, or comply with, the
government’s advice.
Moreover, they found out that 34% of consumers are increasing their purchase of personal hygiene products
while cutting back on more discretionary categories. Consumer priorities have become centered on the most
basic needs, sending the demand for hygiene, cleaning and staples products soaring, while nonessential
categories slump. The factors that influence brand decisions are also changing as a ―buy local‖ trend accelerates.
Digital commerce has also seen a boost as new consumers migrate online for grocery shopping—a rise that is
likely to sustain post-outbreak. While the social impact of the outbreak of The COVID-19 has slowed the pace
and changed the daily life of many consumers, and this is having a profound impact on how we engage with our
communities, friends and families. People are embracing technology more than ever to support all aspects and
consequences of isolation. There is also positive evidence to suggest that this crisis will build communities,
rather than separate them (Wright and Blackburn, 2020).
On the other hand, Monitor Deloitte in their survey, sheds light on how German consumers are expecting their
behaviors to change during and after the COVID-19 crisis. More than 2,000 participants took part in the
conducted survey during April 2020. In their study Deloitte covered all major affected industries (retail,
consumer goods, banking, telecommunication, etc.) in addition to provide detailed behavioral insights regarding
different demographical levers. The results show that the crisis forces consumers to change their habits and
ways of living in aspects like travel, shopping, sports and meet-ups with friends and that shift toward digital
content and that these forced shift in consumption will have long term effect on consumer behavior. The results
also shown a differentiation by demographics. While households with a lower income do not show major
changes in habits during this crisis, households with a higher income demonstrate bigger shifts in behavior.
Furthermore, respondent ages show a big effect in the survey results. Younger people who are forced to miss
social interaction and activities due to forced lockdown are more likely to go back to old habits of shopping,
eating outside and travelling. In contrast, senior citizens will return to their old habits only when the risk of
infection is mostly eliminated. The study also showed that the lockdown of countries due to COVID-19 has led
to changes in consumer behavior. And the driver for all these changes is security concerns (Zierlein et al.,
2020).
3. Effect of Corona Virus on the shopping criteria of Lebanese consumers
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 54
As per the shopping behavior and according to (Sheth, 2020) all consumption is location and time bound.
Consumers develop habits over time about what, when and where to consume. According to the author there are
four major contexts which govern or disrupt consumer habits. The first one, is related to the change in the social
context as getting married, having children and moving from one city to another or moving to another country.
The second context is the breakthrough of technology. The use of smart phones, and internet. Online search and
online ordering through the use of different ecommerce platforms have dramatically impacted the way
consumers shop and buy products and services. A third context that impacts consumption habits are the rules
and regulations issued by the government related to the non-consumption of unhealthy products such as
smoking and alcohol. In other policymakers can encourage consumption of societally good products and
services such as solar energy, electric cars, and mandatory auto and home insurance services and vaccines for
children. The fourth and less predictable context are the unpredicted natural disasters such as earthquakes,
hurricanes, the break out of wars and regional conflicts and the outbreak of global pandemics including the
Covid-19 pandemic we are experiencing today.
In his research paper Sheth, 2020 also found out that there are eight immediate effects of Covid-19 pandemic on
consumption and consumer behavior. Consumers are stockpiling essential products for daily consumption
resulting in temporary stock outs and shortages this includes toilet paper, bread, water, meat, disinfecting and
cleaning products. The coronavirus also unleashed the creativity and resilience of consumers for tradition bound
activities as weddings and funeral services. Moreover, because of the outbreak of the virus consumers try to
postpone the purchase and consumption of discretionary products or services, such as buying automobiles,
homes, and appliances. Also attending concerts, sports events going to bars, and restaurants is avoided. This
phenomenon results in the shift of demand is called Pent up demand. Furthermore, consumers are embracing
digital technology more than ever as they have adopted several new technologies and their applications as the
use of Zoom video services for video conference work meetings and remote classes at home for schools and
colleges. The use also social media applications are also at its peak. Stores comes home is another phenomenon
caused by the complete lockdown of countries, consequently consumers in confinement are ordering grocery
stores products to their homes so does work and education. Also the author finds out that there is blurring of
boundaries between work and home and between tasks and chats. Some sort of schedule, planning and
compartmentalization are necessary to make home more efficient and effective. Other virus impact is on the
reunions with friends and family, which are happening through social media such as Zoom and WhatsApp.
Finally, consumers are becoming content generator and start to discover and share their talent and creativity
through the use of YouTube and tiktok platforms.
Due to imposed lockdowns, retail and online businesses have had to rapidly shift to enhance their digital
services and strengthen their e-commerce solutions, in order to continue to serve customers. The companies that
already had a strong online presence, have used this time to improve and grow. Companies that do not need to
come into physical contact with customers are growing in popularity across the globe. The winners in this
category are the remote work service providers, such as Zoom and Microsoft Teams, streaming services, such as
Netflix, logistics providers, and grocery / foodstuff sellers.
However, advertising revenues will drop, due to weakened demand. The drop is advertising, even from the
world’s biggest brands, such as Coca Cola, will have a grave impact on advertising agencies, the media and
production houses. with the COVID-19 crisis, struggling businesses, especially the small ones which constitute
95% of companies in Lebanon according to UNDP, had to adapt and find a solution or close down. Hence, the
demand for ecommerce solutions skyrocketed.
During the month of April, 2020, a whopping 6,120 users searched for an ecommerce solution in Lebanon.
That’s a huge rise from the modest 3,300 recorded just 5 months ago. And so, with the rise on demand,
Lebanese digital agencies started to come up with solutions to meet this new need business owner had. (Antoun,
2020)
The changing consumer’s behavior thus requires adapting company strategies and identifying new ways to reach
to the customer (OECD, 2020). For example, there is a growing demand for long-life food products at the
expense of perishable food products in some countries (FAO, 2020a). This leads, according to FAO, to major
losses for farmers both in terms of perishability and storage, added to labor shortages (FAO, 2020b).
III. Methodology
In this explanatory study, the ontological position is objectivism as the study exists in reality and it is
external to human social factors. Also the epistemology is applied because it is related to the acceptable
4. Effect of Corona Virus on the shopping criteria of Lebanese consumers
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 55
knowledge in the study field. From the other side the positivism philosophy is used, where the author developed
hypotheses which will be either accepted or rejected depending on the findings of the research.
Regarding the approach, it is deductive; it started from theory to specific and tested different hypotheses. And
the research method is the mono-method quantitative, because the author conducted a questionnaire consisting
of 33 questions used to ask respondents about the effect of Covid-19 on their shopping criteria. Also the survey
strategy is used, as we collected quantitative data using a questionnaire and analyze it quantitatively, using the
SPSS software depending on different tests; factor analysis, reliability test, correlation and regression analysis.
The population represents the Lebanese consumers (403 respondents). Sampling technique used is the non-
probability, convenience random sampling. The author selected respondents that are easiest to obtain and are
willing to participate. Additionally, it requires continuing the sample selection process until getting the needed
sample size. Based on Saunders research method, the sample size with 5% margin of error is at least 384
respondents, thus in this study the sample size is acceptable with 403 respondents.
In this research we study the relationship between different variables related to the consumer shopping behavior
and its attitudes affected by Covid-19 pandemic; from one hand, we considered the shopping criteria as a
dependent variable; and from another hand buying healthy food, online shopping and price changes are
considered as independent variables. As for the moderator variables, we considered the demographic factors,
corona changing shopping behavior these variables.
The main research Question of this study: what is the impact of Covid-19 on Consumers shopping criteria?
As for the Research hypothesis, we expect to confirm the following statements:
H1: There is a positive relationship between price sensitivity and shopping criteria during Covid-19 pandemic
H2: There is a positive relationship between buying healthy food and the shopping criteria during Covid-19
pandemic
H3: There is a positive relationship between shopping online and shopping criteria during Covid-19 pandemic
IV. Results and discussion
The findings supported the researcher to deeply understand the variables relation and to reach a well-
defined conclusion about the research study. The data analysis is significant in this paper because it was based
on a statistical treatment for variables starting with the Cronbach alpha and using correlation and regression
tests.
4.1 Factor Analysis
Factor analysis is an explanatory technique used to define the structure among the variable of the study. Since
the KMO is (0.765) which is greater than 0.6, and it is significant (0.000<0.005), then it means that the
researcher can conduct the reliability test and the correlation and regression analysis.
Table 1. KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. 0.765
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square 2295.840
Df 253
Sig. 0.000
Source: Own elaboration
4.2 Reliability test
To ensure the validity and reliability of this thesis, the Cronbach’s alpha test is used. First of all the validity
concept was defined by Tavakol & Dennick in 2011 as; ―the extent to which an instrument measure what it is
intended to‖ whereas the reliability is the ability of an instrument to measure consistently (Tavakol, M. &
Dennick, R., 2011). The result of the Cronbach’s alpha is essential for evaluating the validity and the reliability
of the research questionnaire, knowing that it is applied to the Likert scale type of questions.
The Cronbach alpha reliability normally ranges between 0 and 1. The more the result of the Cronbach alpha is
closer to 1, it indicates a very good internal consistency of the items in the scale and it ensures that the study is
valid and reliable.
5. Effect of Corona Virus on the shopping criteria of Lebanese consumers
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 56
In this thesis, the Cronbach alpha is 0.795 as shown in the below table, which is a very good result and
illustrates that the variables are valid and reliable results.
Table 2. Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
0.795 27
Source: Own elaboration
4.3. Descriptive Statistics
The first set of questions in the questionnaire are related to the demographic factors of respondents,
which represent their age, gender, income, and marital status, the number of children, education, and
occupation. The respondents’ demographic factors, are summarized in the below table, and aims to summarize
the sample demographic factors and to show the differences in each factor.
Table 3. Demographic Characteristics of participants
Age Distribution Frequency Percent Cumulative
percent
18-24 years 145 36.0 36.0
25-34 years 110 27.3 63.3
35-44 years 90 22.3 85.6
45-64 years 43 10.7 96.3
65 years and above 10 2.5 98.8
Less than 18 5 1.2 100
Gender Frequency Percentage Cumulative
percentage
Female 248 61.5 61.5
Male 155 38.5 100
Marital status Frequency Percentage Cumulative
percentage
Divorced 21 5.2 5.2
Married 139 34.5 39.7
Single 233 57.8 97.5
Widowed 10 2.5 100.0
Occupation Frequency Percentage Cumulative
percentage
Housewife 34 8.4 8.4
Private Employee 134 33.3 41.9
Public Employee 59 14.6 56.6
Retired 18 4.5 61.0
Self-employed 47 11.7 72.7
Student 72 17.9 90.6
Unemployed 38 9.4 100.0
Monthly Income Frequency Percentage Cumulative
percentage
33 8.2 8.2
1,000,000-1,999,000 115 28.5 36.7
2,000,000-2,999,000 66 16.4 53.1
3,000,000-3,999,000 45 11.2 64.3
4,000,000- 4,999,0000 21 5.2 69.5
5,000,000 - 5,999,000 5 1.2 70.7
500,000– 999,000 71 17.6 88.3
Less than 499,000 25 6.2 94.5
More than 6,000,000 22 5.5 100.0
6. Effect of Corona Virus on the shopping criteria of Lebanese consumers
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 57
Educational level Frequency Percentage Cumulative
percentage
Master’s degree 75 18.6 18.96
Intermediate school 18 4.5 23.1
PhD degree 34 8.4 31.55
Primary Education 6 1.5 33.0
Secondary Education 47 311.7 44.7
Technical School 31 7.7 52.4
University/Technological Institution 192 47.6 100.0
Geographic Location Frequency Percentage Cumulative
percentage
Akkar 7 1.7 2.0
Baalback-Hermel 8 2.0 4.0
Beirut 73 18.1 22.1
Beqaa 17 4.2 26.3
Mount Lebanon 265 65.8 92.1
Nabatieh 4 1.0 93.1
North 9 2.2 95.3
South 19 4.7 100.0
Does the Corona Virus issue cause any changes in
your buying behavior?
Frequency Percentage Cumulative
percentage
Maybe 55 13.6 13.6
No 26 6.5 20.1
Yes 322 79.9 100.0
Source: Own elaboration
4.4. Correlation matrix
This section represents the correlation matrix between all variables of this research paper. The
correlation matrix highlighted on the significance of the variables (probability value) and the correlation that as
it increases the relationship between variables increases.
When the relationship is significant (<0.05) that means there is a positive and strong relationship and the
variables affect each other positively. And when it is negative, it implies that there no significant relationships
between variables and they don’t influence each other.
As shown in the below table, a relationship exists between the variables price sensitivity and online shopping
(0.141), price sensitivity and shopping criteria (0.173), healthy food and online shopping (0.213), healthy food
and shopping criteria (0.390), shopping criteria and online shopping (0.129).
Table 4. Correlations between variables
Price sensitivity Online shopping Shopping criteria Healthy Food
Price sensitivity
Pearson Correlation 1 0.141**
0.173**
0.095
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.005 0.001 0.059
N 397 396 393 394
Online shopping
Pearson Correlation 0.141**
1 0.129*
0.213**
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.005 0.010 0.000
N 396 400 394 396
Shopping criteria
Pearson Correlation 0.173**
0.129*
1 0.390**
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.001 0.010 0.000
N 393 394 395 392
Healthy Food
Pearson Correlation 0.095 .213**
0.390**
1
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.059 0.000 0.000
N 394 396 392 397
Source: Own elaboration
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
7. Effect of Corona Virus on the shopping criteria of Lebanese consumers
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 58
4.5. Regression analysis
After testing the correlation between the main variables, a multiple simple regression analysis is used to
examine the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. The regression analysis is an
added value for its prediction capabilities. The table below represents the prediction for the dependent and
independent variables.
Table 5. ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 14.366 3 4.789 26.971 .000b
Residual 68.354 385 .178
Total 82.720 388
a. Dependent Variable: Shopping_criteria
b. Predictors: (Constant), Healthy_Food, Price, Online
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 1.872 .130 14.392 .000
Price .126 .045 .132 2.819 .005
Online .017 .025 .032 .676 .500
Healthy_Food .269 .034 .373 7.847 .000
Source: Own elaboration
a. Dependent Variable: Shopping_criteria
From the mentioned tables the multiple regression model between the variables is significant (0.00) in the
Anova table. Secondly the Adjusted R square is used to measure the proportion of the variation in the dependent
variable Shopping criteria explained by the independent variables price and healthy food which resulted
significant, while the online variable is not significant (0.5).
The multiple regression formula for the variables is:
Equation 1: Multiple regression model for the variables shopping criteria, price, and healthy food
Shopping criteria =1.872 + 0.126 Price + 0.269 Healthy food
This formula is used to predict the criterion or the dependent variable using the regression as a prediction
method. An increase of Price by 1 unit will increase the Shopping criteria by 0.126 units. Also an increase of
Healthy food by 1 unit will increase the Shopping criteria by 0.269 units.
Multiple regression with the moderator variables.
After making and analyzing the multiple regression model based on the dependent variable (Shopping criteria)
and the independent variables (price, online, and healthy food), it is necessary to test the moderator variables of
8. Effect of Corona Virus on the shopping criteria of Lebanese consumers
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 59
the study; age, gender, marital status, occupation, education, income, geographic location, behavior. Testing the
moderator variable was done based on the stepwise multiple regression method, which enable the researcher to
automatically predict the significant factors and exclude the non-significant ones.
Table 6. ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 12.761 1 12.761 70.594 .000b
Residual 69.959 387 .181
Total 82.720 388
2
Regression 14.465 2 7.232 40.901 .000c
Residual 68.255 386 .177
Total 82.720 388
3
Regression 16.226 3 5.409 31.316 .000d
Residual 66.494 385 .173
Total 82.720 388
4
Regression 17.091 4 4.273 25.001 .000e
Residual 65.629 384 .171
Total 82.720 388
5
Regression 17.822 5 3.564 21.036 .000f
Residual 64.898 383 .169
Total 82.720 388
6
Regression 18.590 6 3.098 18.456 .000g
Residual 64.130 382 .168
Total 82.720 388
7
Regression 19.310 7 2.759 16.575 .000h
Residual 63.410 381 .166
Total 82.720 388
a. Dependent Variable: Shopping_criteria
b. Predictors: (Constant), Healthy_Food
c. Predictors: (Constant), Healthy_Food, yes
d. Predictors: (Constant), Healthy_Food, yes, Price
e. Predictors: (Constant), Healthy_Food, yes, Price, Unemployed
f. Predictors: (Constant), Healthy_Food, yes, Price, Unemployed, Self_Employed
g. Predictors: (Constant), Healthy_Food, yes, Price, Unemployed, Self_Employed, Technical_School
h. Predictors: (Constant), Healthy_Food, yes, Price, Unemployed, Self_Employed, Technical_School,
Primary_Education
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 2.155 .090 23.901 .000
Healthy_Food .283 .034 .393 8.402 .000
2
(Constant) 2.024 .099 20.525 .000
Healthy_Food .283 .033 .392 8.479 .000
Yes .165 .053 .143 3.104 .002
3
(Constant) 1.720 .136 12.617 .000
Healthy_Food .272 .033 .378 8.222 .000
Yes .177 .053 .154 3.352 .001
Price .140 .044 .147 3.193 .002
4
(Constant) 1.706 .136 12.572 .000
Healthy_Food .279 .033 .386 8.428 .000
Yes .180 .052 .156 3.422 .001
Price .131 .044 .137 2.990 .003
Unemployed .160 .071 .103 2.250 .025
5
(Constant) 1.673 .136 12.298 .000
Healthy_Food .273 .033 .379 8.282 .000
Yes .195 .053 .170 3.701 .000
9. Effect of Corona Virus on the shopping criteria of Lebanese consumers
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 60
Price .138 .044 .145 3.151 .002
Unemployed .177 .071 .114 2.481 .014
Self_Employed .137 .066 .096 2.077 .038
6
(Constant) 1.658 .136 12.226 .000
Healthy_Food .285 .033 .395 8.554 .000
Yes .181 .053 .158 3.424 .001
Price .142 .044 .149 3.249 .001
Unemployed .184 .071 .118 2.589 .010
Self_Employed .148 .066 .104 2.247 .025
Technical_School -.169 .079 -.099 -2.138 .033
7
(Constant) 1.669 .135 12.349 .000
Healthy_Food .284 .033 .394 8.565 .000
Yes .175 .053 .152 3.320 .001
Price .137 .044 .144 3.153 .002
Unemployed .191 .071 .123 2.693 .007
Self_Employed .153 .066 .107 2.333 .020
Technical_School -.164 .079 -.096 -2.087 .038
Primary_Education .351 .169 .094 2.080 .038
a. Dependent Variable: Shopping_criteria
Source: Own elaboration
Based on the above tables the multiple regression model between the variables is significant (0.00) as shown in
the Anova table. In which we added all the moderator variables and the software automatically excluded many
of them, that are not significant
The multiple regression formula for the moderator variables is:
Equation 1: Multiple regression model for the variables shopping criteria, price, and healthy food
Shopping criteria =1.669 + (0.284 Healthy food) + (0.175 corona change behavior) + (0.137 Price) + (0.191
Unemployed) + (0.153 Self-employed) – (0.164 Technical School) + (0.351 Primary Education)
The formula concluded that an increase of healthy food by 1 unit will increase the Shopping criteria by 0.284
units. Also an increase of change behavior after Corona Virus outbreak by 1 unit will increase the Shopping
criteria by 0.175 units. And an increase of price by 1 unit will increase the shopping criteria by 0.137 units.
Moreover, the employment has a direct effect on consumers shopping criteria because every 1-unit increase with
unemployment will increase the shopping criteria by 0.191, and a unit increase by self-employed will increase
the shopping criteria by 0.153 units. In addition, the education has an impact on shopping criteria, since as
technical school increases by 1 unit, the shopping criteria decreases by 0.164 units, and as primary school
increases by a unit the shopping criteria increases by 0.351 units.
From the other side, some demographic factors were excluded because according to the results they don’t affect
the shopping criteria such as the marital status, age, gender, income and the geographic location.
V. Conclusions and recommendations
This paper aimed to examine the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on consumer shopping criteria. The
study has been conducted using non-probability samples from the populations to provide glaring pictures on
factors that impacted Consumers shopping criteria during the pandemic. Prevalence of coronavirus was
measured with cumulative cases, new cases, and deaths, and this obliged the Lebanese government to announce
the lockdown of the country starting from March 13, 2020. This has affected consumers lives, behavior, and
shopping criteria.
The results indicate that the consumers shopping criteria is affected by the spread of the coronavirus and the
independent variable (price sensitivity) was the most important variable influencing the consumers shopping
criteria. This variable is related to shopping criteria with significant relationship as shown in the correlation test
and the regression analysis. The reason behind is that the Lebanese economic recession has affected negatively
most individuals lives, due to increasing pricing, close businesses and reducing staff. So more and more
consumers are losing their purchasing power and they are searching for commodities with cheaper prices. Thus,
10. Effect of Corona Virus on the shopping criteria of Lebanese consumers
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 61
the first hypothesis is accepted, as there is a positive relationship between price sensitivity and shopping criteria
during Covid-19 pandemic.
From the other side, due to Covid-19, consumers tend to buy healthier products, and this was confirmed in the
correlation and regression analysis of this study. Healthy products will improve consumer’s immunity system,
mainly during quarantine and staying at home. In such cases, consumers may shift their shopping behavior; they
have to eat at home and they have time to dine at home as well. So the second hypothesis ―there is a strong
relationship between healthy food and shopping criteria‖ is accepted as well.
Regarding the third hypothesis, ―There is a positive relationship between shopping online and shopping criteria
during Covid-19 outbreak or pandemic‖ it is rejected. Because, the results revealed that there is no relationship
between online and shopping criteria of Lebanese consumers. Even though consumers are at home and they
have to buy online, but they are struggling to do that because they lack the trust in online shopping and due to
low internet connection and speed, and electricity problems in Lebanon.
Finally, Lebanese consumers are changing their consumption habits due to lockdown and social distancing
especially by buying cheaper commodities with different shopping criteria. Consumers are not ordering online
and they are buying healthy food.
As for the recommendations: from the outcomes of the study we recommend investigating the factors that affect
the negative relationship between online shopping and shopping criteria during the pandemic. Thus retailers
need to be more focused on business strategy and invest in low cost healthy products. Also, it is recommended
to grasp the opportunity to study the impact of the Covid-19 on their business strategies. As for the consumer
consumption behavior it is recommended to study in the future if consumers will permanently change their
consumption habits due to Covid-19 outbreak or will they go back to their old habits once the crisis is over.
References
[1]. Antoun, W. (2020): THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 ON ECOMMERCE, Spearhead, April 2020
[2]. BÖrsh, A. (2020): COVID-19 Briefing: Konsumverhalten nach Rezessionen und ökonomischen
Schocks. Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/de/Documents/about-
deloitte/COVID-19-Briefing-Konsumverhalten.pdf
[3]. Faust J.M., (2020), Comparing COVID-19 Deaths to Flu Deaths Is like Comparing Apples to Oranges,
Scientific American’s Newsletters (April 28, 2020), (online), available at:
https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/comparing-covid-19-deaths-to-flu-deaths-is-like-
comparing-apples-to-oranges/
[4]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2020a): Sustainable crop production
and COVID-19. Rome.
[5]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2020b): Extension and advisory
services: at the frontline of the response to COVID-19 to ensure food security. Rome.
https://spearheadagency.com/blog/86/the-effect-of-covid-19-on-ecommerce
[6]. Jarus, O., (2020): 20 of the worst epidemics and pandemics in history, Live Science (March 20, 2020),
(online), available at https://www.livescience.com/worst-epidemics-and-pandemics-in-history.html.
[7]. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD, (2020): COVID-19 and the Food
and Agriculture Sector: Issues and Policy Responses, (online), available at:
http://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/en
[8]. Rappeport A. and Smialek J. (2020): I.M.F. Predicts Worst Downturn Since the Great Depression. New
York Times. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/14/us/politics/coronavirus-economy-
recession-depression.html
[9]. Sheth, J. 2020: Impact of Covid-19 on consumer behavior: Will the old habits return or die? Journal of
Business Research 117 (2020) 280–283. Available at:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296320303647?via%3Dihub
[10]. STANCIU V., RADU R., SAPIRA V., BRATOVEANU B., FLOREA A., (2020): Consumer Behavior
in Crisis Situations. Research on the Effects of COVID-19 in Romania. Annals of “Dunarea de Jos”
University of Galati Fascicle I. Economics and Applied Informatics Years XXVI – no1/2020. Available
at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341266228_Consumer_Behavior_in_Crisis_Situations_Resea
rch_on_the_Effects_of_COVID-19_in_Romania
[11]. Wirtschaftsdienst (2020): The future of the EU: contributions to economic service. Available at:
https://www.wirtschaftsdienst.eu/
11. Effect of Corona Virus on the shopping criteria of Lebanese consumers
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Page 62
[12]. Wright O. and Blackburn E. (2020): How COVID-19 will permanently change consumer behavior.
Accenture. Available at: https://www.accenture.com/sk-en/insights/consumer-goods-
services/coronavirus-consumer-behavior-research
[13]. Zierlein T., Garbe C., Freesemann M., Naumann L., and Maag V. (2020): Impact of the COVID-19
crisis on short and medium term consumer behavior. Deloitte Monitor. Available at:
https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/de/Documents/consumer-
business/Impact%20of%20the%20COVID-19%20crisis%20on%20consumer%20behavior.pdf