The document discusses the implementation of cross-curricular elements in Malaysia's primary school standard-based curriculum (KSSR), highlighting its role in developing high-quality human capital for societal advancement. Key areas such as patriotism, environmental sustainability, moral values, and entrepreneurship are emphasized as essential for preparing students for 21st-century challenges. The KSSR aims to foster balanced individuals through innovative teaching methods, enhancing skills necessary for Malaysia's future economic growth.

1. EDUP 3013
PHILOSOPHY AND
EDUCATION IN MALASIA
Task 3 : Presentation
Name : Kong Zhi Zun
Mahirah binti Rozman
Nur Athirah binti Ibrahim
Lecturer : Mr Azizi Ahmad
Date : 21 September 2018 1

2. 2
Explain cross-curricular elements as specified
in the current Primary School Standard-based
Curriculum (KSSR) and discuss an example
of how the element can help produce high
quality human capital for the betterment of
society and nation

3. Development of Curriculum of Primary School
1983 1993 2003 2011 2017
Kurikulum
BERSEPADU
Sekolah Rendah
(KBSR)
Kurikulum
STANDARD Sekolah
Rendah
(KSSR)
KBSR
(Implemented)
KSSR
(Implemented)
Kurikulum BARU
Sekolah Rendah
(KBSR)
3
Kong Zhi Zun

4. Standard Based Curriculum for Primary Schools
(KSSR)
Emphasis the teaching centred on the students
Produce a balanced, creative, critical and innovative individual
Emphasis the skill enhancement needed for 21st century
Aim (2011) :
Aim (2017) :
4
Kong Zhi Zun

5. Putting big
investment on
programs that could
enhance citizen
human capital skills
What is Human
Capital?
The human abilities in
which knowledge and
skills are embedded
(Suzana Ariff
Azizan,2013; Schultz,
1961)
500,000 skilled human
capital need by Malaysia
by the year 2020
(Academy of Sciences
Malaysia,2000)
Mahirah Rozman
5

6. Cross-curricular Elements (EMK)
EMK
Patriotism
Language
Environmental
Sustainability
Global
Sustainability
Financial
Education
Information,
Communication
&
Technology
Creativity
&
Innovation
Moral
Values
Entrepreneurship
Science
&
Technology
6
Kong Zhi Zun

7. Language
• Medium of interaction and communication in
classes and schools.
• Proficiency, semantics expression, usage of
grammar and vocabuary should be
emphasized and organized well in the
process of learning and teaching.
• Government's Effort in Promoting Language :
DLP (Dual Language Programme )
7
Kong Zhi Zun

8. Language
Kong Zhi Zun
[Image of News on Building and Enhancing Malaysia's Human Capital]. (2016). Retrieved from https://www.talentcorp.com.my/clients/TalentCorp_2016_7A6571AE-
D9D0-4175-B35D-99EC514F2D24/contentms/img/publication/BIZHIVE%20Weekly_Building%20and%20Enhancing%20Malaysia's%20Human%20Capital%20(3%20-
%209%20Ja....pdf
8

9. Environmental Sustainability
Which classroom do you prefer?
Weiber, Jen (2013). [Images of Messy Classrooms and Organized Classroom]. Retrieved from https://www.multiplication.com/our-blog/jen-wieber/magic-scrap-classroom-trick
9
Kong Zhi Zun

10. Environmental Sustainability
Environmental
Sustainability
Improve
Life
Quality
Preserve
Natural
Ecosystem
Boost
Economic
Status
10
Kong Zhi Zun

11. Moral Values
Teachers play a vital role in implementing
moral education in the curriculum
Role
of
Teachers
Moral Educator
Friend
Facilitator
Role Model
Characteristics That
Can Be Devloped to
Students :
- Responsibility
- Honesty
- Avidity
- Hard Work
- Public-minded
11
Kong Zhi Zun

12. Science & Technology
Scientifically and
technologically
literate,
Coping with the
changes arising
from scientific and
technological
Equipped with the
relevant knowledge
and skills to
innovate and
compete
How? Smart School
Noraini Idris (2014). The National Philosophy of Science Education:
Science education in Malaysia focus on the development of individuals who
are;
Mahirah Rozman
12

13. Science & Technology: SMART
School
CREATIVE APPROACH IN
T&L
COMPUTER LABS TO
INCREASE ICT UTILIZATION
SCHOOL ACCESS
CENTRES PROVIDE
ADDITIONAL CONTACT
TIME WITH THE INTERNET
ONLINE LEARNING FOR
THE DIGITAL NATIVES
Source: The Malaysian Smart Schools: Developing 21st Century Skills, 2010
To foster the development of a workforce prepared to meet the
challenges of the 21st century, aligned with NEP’s aim.
Mahirah Rozman
13

14. ENTREUPERNURSHIP:
Implementation of E-Element
• To ensure a better human capital entrepreneurship element was
introduced as a cross-curricular element in primary schools, to be
followed by secondary schools later (Tenth Malaysian Plan)
• To practice entrepreneurship until it becomes a culture, part of
personal attitude and routine (CDC – Curriculum Development Centre
(2012).
E-element 1 –
Adopt an
entrepreneurship
attitude
E-element 2 -
Embrace the
mindset towards
entrepreneurship
in situations that
are required.
E-element 3–
Practice basic
buying and selling
management
E-element 4 –
Producing
knowledge-based
products and
technology and
vocational skills-
based products.
E-element 5 –
Practice moral
values and ethics
according to the
entrepreneurship
context
Mahirah Rozman
14

15. RESULT OF THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF E-ELEMENT
• Alligned with
NEP for
education
system to be
develop to help
the needs and
demands of a
multiracial
country,
Munirah Abd
Hamid (2013).
Interest to enter
entrepreneurial
sector
Develop the
potential of the
individual.
Develop values
and
characteristics
in citizens
Mahirah Rozman
15

16. PATRIOTISM
1)Build love
towards the
country
2)Respect
the country's
rules
3)Spirit of
unity
Kursus Jurulatih Utama (KSSR)
Activity: (Year 1) - Joining
words and making
sentences
WE
LOVE
MALAYSIA
Mahirah Rozman
16
Source: 123RF.com
More citizen willing to contribute to the nation
because of their loves towards country

17. CREATIVITY & INOVATION
Creativity
• ability to use imagination in gathering,
extracting and generating ideas or
creating new or original ideas or
through combination of ideas.
Innovation
• application of creativity through the
modification and practice of ideas.
Both should be integrated in teaching and learning in
classroom to face the challenge of the 21st century
According to Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia;
Mahirah Rozman
17

18. EXAMPLE OF CREATIVITY &
INOVATION ACTIVITY
Sensitivity Stage Fluency Stage Flexibility Stage
Improve children’s
observation level
Shift their old ideas
after using their
imagination
Provide opportunities
towards idea
presentation or existing
knowledge. (Present
ideas continuously)
Mahirah Rozman
18

19. EXAMPLE OF CREATIVITY &
INOVATION ACTIVITY
Elaboration Stage Originality Stage
Use their imagination to solve
problems
To be inventive to present new,
unique and valuable ideas
Mahirah Rozman
19

20. RESULT FROM THE ACTIVITY
Significant difference of creative thinking development
achievement
Children’s creative domain are develop
Aligned with NEP aspiration and nation by the year of 2020 to
produce critical, creative and innovative human capital for the
current and future need of the nation.
Mahirah Rozman
20

21. Information and Communications
Technology (ICT)
Increase
students’
creativity
using ICT
Enhance
knowledge
and skills
Interesting
and fun
learning
• Information and Communication Technology Skills (ICT)
include the use of multimedia resources (Kementerian
Pendidikan Malaysia, 2016).
• Using multimedia and Internet in teaching and learning
Nur Athirah Ibrahim
21

22. Example of Information and
Communication Technology (ICT)
https://frogasia.com/en/frog-vle/
http://pluspng.com/email-png-5670.html
https://www.coops.tech/technology/moodle
http://www.gettingsmart.com
Nur Athirah Ibrahim
22

23. Financial Education
Develop
capability of
making
calculated
Understanding
of financial
management
Making students
wise and
effective
decisions
• The ability of the people to manage money efficiently
and competently is essential in preparing for achieving
high-income economy status. (National Economic
Transformation Report, 2009)
Nur Athirah Ibrahim
23

24. Examples of Financial Education
The Cha-Ching
Program
Money saving
The program is helping Malaysian pupils
become mote financially-savvy and
responsible. - Deputy Education Minister
Datuk P. Kamalanathan (2018)
Nur Athirah Ibrahim
24

25. Nur Athirah Ibrahim
25

26. Global Sustainability
Aim to develop
students’
awareness of the
world
Become
global
citizenship
and achieve
unity
Prepare
students to
face the
21st century
challenges
• The preservation and improvement of things to preserve
the originality of the world in order to ensure the
continuity of the well-being and harmony for present and
future generation. (UNESCO, 2015)
Nur Athirah Ibrahim
26

27. http://www.astroawani.com/berita-awani745/sistem-pendidikan-malaysia-
tidak-ketinggalan-tetapi-di-era-transformasi-25436
Example of Global Sustainability
Nur Athirah Ibrahim
27

28. The Pros and Cons of KSSR
Pros Cons
It changes from tradition to
modern ways assessment
Adding more stress to the
current students
The intention to move away
from being an exam-dominated
education system
Having non-standardized and
standardized mode of
examination at the same time
to calculate the final grade is
unfair
provides a flexible platform
for teachers to assess their
students
Students could fail without
having fear

29. Conclusion
KSSR is aimed to produce balanced
students in various aspects; intellectual,
physical, emotional and spiritual as well as
to prepare students in facing the new era of
globalisation based on 21st century
knowledge.

30. Reference
Bahagian Teknologi Pendidikan Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2010). THE MALAYSIAN SMART
SCHOOLS: DEVELOPING 21ST CENTURY SKILLS. Retrieved from:
http://www.jaet.jp/katudou/seminar_ict/Malaysia.pdf
Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2011) Kursus Jurulatih Utama
Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah( Kssr ) 2010 Bahasa Inggeris-tahun 1 Bahagian
Pembangunan Kurikulum Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia Educational Emphases
CDC – Curriculum Development Centre (2012). Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah (KSSR). Buku
panduan elemen merentas kurikulum keusahawanan. [Standards- based Primary School
Curriculum. Entrepreneurship Element Guidebook]. Putrajaya: Ministry of Education.
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of students. Retrieved from https://soapboxie.com/social-issues/Responsibility-of-a-
Teacher-Developing-The-Desirable-Characteristics-of-Students
Kuong. L.P, Sharifah Nor Puteh, Hasnah Toran. (2012). Using Visual Art Activities For Creativity
Development In Early Childhood Education. National Early Childhood Intervention
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31. Reference
Megan, H. (2016, January 7). Why is sustainability important? Retrieved from
https://permaculturenews.org/2016/01/07/why-is-sustainability-important/
Menegah, S.P.K.B.S. (2000). Bahasa Inggeris, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia
MOE –Ministry of Education. (2012a). Preliminary Report: Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025.
Putrajaya: Ministry of Education.
Munirah Abd Hamid (2013). Entrepreneurship education: The implementation in Year 1 primary school
curriculum in Malaysia. A case study of one district in East Peninsular Malaysia. Retrieved
from: http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6141/1/Final%20-%20for%20hard%20cover.pdf
Noraini Idris (2014). Malaysia. Issue in Upper Secondary Science Education. 123-136. doi:
10.1057/9781137275967_8.
Pettinger, Tejvan (2017, September 22). Human capital definition and importance. Retrieved from
https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/26076/economics/human-capital-definition-and-
importance/
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vital/#vWYoZVGLikR5exX2.99
UNESCO (2015). UNESCO and sustainable development goals. Retrieved from
https://unesco.org/sdgs
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