Edible vaccines are produced by genetically engineering plants and animals to contain antigens that trigger an immune response. When ingested, the antigens are delivered through the digestive system and taken up by immune cells to produce antibodies and memory cells, protecting against disease. Different plants have been studied for their ability to serve as edible vaccines, including potato, banana, rice and tomato. Each has advantages like ease of growth or administration, but also challenges like stability of antigens or variable dosing. Edible vaccines could provide a low-cost, easy to distribute method for vaccination programs in developing areas.

1. Presented By:Presented By:
APURVA ANAND SINGHAPURVA ANAND SINGH
EDIBLE VACCINEEDIBLE VACCINE

4. Edible Vaccine are transgenic
plant and animal based production
of those that contain agents that
trigger an animal’s immune
response. In simple terms, edible
vaccines are plant or animal made
pharmaceuticals.

5. Antigen in transgenic plant > Ingestion
>Delivered by bioencapsulation >Taken
up by Mcell > Pass on to the
Macrophage >IgG,IgE responses >
Local IgA response & Memorycells >
Neutralize the attack by the real
infectious agent.

6. Potato :
Advantage
Easily transformed.
Easily propagated.
Stored for long periods without refrigeration.
Disadvantage
Need cooking which denature antigen.

7. Banana:
Advantages
Do not need cooking.
Protein not destroyed even after cooking.
Inexpensive .
Grown widely in developing countries.
Disadvantages
Trees take 2-3 to mature years.
Spoils rapidly after ripening.

8. Rice:
Advantages
Commonly used in baby food.
High expression of antigen.
Disadvantages
Grows slowly.
Requires glasshouse condition.

9. Tomato:
Advantage
Grow quickly.
Cultivate broadly.
High content Vitamin-A may boost immune
response.
Disadvantages
Spoils readily.

10.  Cost effective.
 Easy to administer.
 Easy to store.
 Acceptable to poor developing country.
 Fail safe
 Activate both mucosal and systemic
immunity.
 Heat stable.
 Do not required cold chain maintenance.
 No fear of contamination.

11.  Development of immune tolerance to vaccine
peptide or protein.
 Stability of vaccines in fruit is not known.
 Dosage of vaccines would be variable.
 Selection of best plant is difficult.
 Certain foods like potato are not eaten raw,
cooking the food might weakens the medicine
present in it.

12.  Vaccination should be simple.
 Not contaminate the environment.
 Nontoxic or nonpathogenic.
 Very low levels of side effects.
 Not cause problems in individuals with
impaired immune system.