Contents- Introduction of eddy current Introduction of eddy current brake Circular eddy current brake Linear eddy current brake How eddy current brake works? Advantages Disadvantages Applications Future Aspects conclusion
Eddy currents are loops of electrical current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor, due to Faraday's law of induction. Eddy currents flow in closed loops within conductors, in planes perpendicular to the magnetic field.
The magnitude of the current in a given loop is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field, the area of the loop, and the rate of change of flux, and inversely proportional to the resistivity of the material.
Eddy currents are loops of electrical current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor, due to Faraday's law of induction. Eddy currents flow in closed loops within conductors, in planes perpendicular to the magnetic field.
The magnitude of the current in a given loop is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field, the area of the loop, and the rate of change of flux, and inversely proportional to the resistivity of the material.
An eddy current brake, like a conventional friction brake, is a device used to slow or stop a moving object by dissipating its kinetic energy as heat. However, unlike electro-mechanical brakes, in which the drag force used to stop the moving object is provided by friction between two surfaces pressed together, in an eddy current brake the drag force is an electromagnetic force between a magnet and a nearby conductive object in relative motion, due to eddy currents induced in the conductor through electromagnetic induction. A conductive surface moving past a stationary magnet will have circular electric currents called eddy currents induced in it by the magnetic field, due to Faraday's law of induction. By Lenz's law, the circulating currents will create their own magnetic field which opposes the field of the magnet. Thus the moving conductor will experience a drag force from the magnet that opposes its motion, proportional to its velocity. The electrical energy of the eddy currents is dissipated as heat due to the electrical resistance of the conductor. In an electromagnetic brake the magnetic field may be created by a permanent magnet, or anelectromagnet so the braking force can be turned on and off or varied by varying the electric current in the electromagnet's windings. Another advantage is that since the brake does not work by friction, there are no brake shoe surfaces to wear out, necessitating replacement, as with friction brakes. A disadvantage is that since the braking force is proportional to velocity the brake has no holding force when the moving object is stationary, as is provided by static friction in a friction brake, so in vehicles it must be supplemented by a friction brake. Eddy current brakes are used to slow high-speed trains and roller coasters, to stop powered tools quickly when power is turned off, and in electric meters used by electric utilities.
This Project was directed at creating an integrated electric motor and eddy current brake. This combination is designed to be used in the automotive industry as an electric all-wheel drive system that can be managed by available traction and stability control technology. This project addresses the physical concept of using an induced electromagnetic field to slow the proposed vehicle speed. The main goal is lessening the lifetime maintenance of a vehicle and eliminating several high maintenance items. This system is designed as a “frictionless” system and although it is not completely frictionless it eliminates the need for standard hydraulic brake pads and rotors which wear and fail due to friction material loss. This saves the consumer's time and money in maintenance.
Electromagnetic braking for physically challenged peopleJustin Mathew
This is a part of our project. We are designing an easy driving system for physically challenged people. And we found that this is the faster, smatter and better braking system. This is the future of braking system in automobile.
Afraid to change your boring, North American 240z tail lights to the sexier European ones with the amber turn signal? Fear not! This presentation shows you how to modify your wiring so the sexy European version functions properly. It also contains other tricks for improving the power output and visibility of your new brake lights! Cool stuff for any Z enthusiast.
Study of Permanent Magnent Synchronous MacnineRajeev Kumar
With respect of designing a PMSG, the permanent magnetic pole lies on the rotor and armature winding are in the inner part of stator that is electrically connected to the load. Armature winding consists of the set of three conductors which has phase difference 120 derg apart to each other and providing a uniform force or torque on the generator’s rotor. To operate PMGS, it is connected to wind turbine through a shaft without gear box and rotate at slow speed. This uniform torque produced by the resultant magnetic flux which induces current in the armature winding. The stator magnetic field combined spatially with rotor magnetic flux and rotates as the same speed of the rotor. So the two magnetic fields synchronously rotate in PGSM to maintain the relative motion of rotor and stator.
Thus the permanent magnets rotates at constant speed without any DC excitation system, which means it has not required any slip rings and contact brushes to make it more reliability or efficient.
An eddy current brake, like a conventional friction brake, is a device used to slow or stop a moving object by dissipating its kinetic energy as heat. However, unlike electro-mechanical brakes, in which the drag force used to stop the moving object is provided by friction between two surfaces pressed together, in an eddy current brake the drag force is an electromagnetic force between a magnet and a nearby conductive object in relative motion, due to eddy currents induced in the conductor through electromagnetic induction. A conductive surface moving past a stationary magnet will have circular electric currents called eddy currents induced in it by the magnetic field, due to Faraday's law of induction. By Lenz's law, the circulating currents will create their own magnetic field which opposes the field of the magnet. Thus the moving conductor will experience a drag force from the magnet that opposes its motion, proportional to its velocity. The electrical energy of the eddy currents is dissipated as heat due to the electrical resistance of the conductor. In an electromagnetic brake the magnetic field may be created by a permanent magnet, or anelectromagnet so the braking force can be turned on and off or varied by varying the electric current in the electromagnet's windings. Another advantage is that since the brake does not work by friction, there are no brake shoe surfaces to wear out, necessitating replacement, as with friction brakes. A disadvantage is that since the braking force is proportional to velocity the brake has no holding force when the moving object is stationary, as is provided by static friction in a friction brake, so in vehicles it must be supplemented by a friction brake. Eddy current brakes are used to slow high-speed trains and roller coasters, to stop powered tools quickly when power is turned off, and in electric meters used by electric utilities.
This Project was directed at creating an integrated electric motor and eddy current brake. This combination is designed to be used in the automotive industry as an electric all-wheel drive system that can be managed by available traction and stability control technology. This project addresses the physical concept of using an induced electromagnetic field to slow the proposed vehicle speed. The main goal is lessening the lifetime maintenance of a vehicle and eliminating several high maintenance items. This system is designed as a “frictionless” system and although it is not completely frictionless it eliminates the need for standard hydraulic brake pads and rotors which wear and fail due to friction material loss. This saves the consumer's time and money in maintenance.
Electromagnetic braking for physically challenged peopleJustin Mathew
This is a part of our project. We are designing an easy driving system for physically challenged people. And we found that this is the faster, smatter and better braking system. This is the future of braking system in automobile.
Afraid to change your boring, North American 240z tail lights to the sexier European ones with the amber turn signal? Fear not! This presentation shows you how to modify your wiring so the sexy European version functions properly. It also contains other tricks for improving the power output and visibility of your new brake lights! Cool stuff for any Z enthusiast.
Study of Permanent Magnent Synchronous MacnineRajeev Kumar
With respect of designing a PMSG, the permanent magnetic pole lies on the rotor and armature winding are in the inner part of stator that is electrically connected to the load. Armature winding consists of the set of three conductors which has phase difference 120 derg apart to each other and providing a uniform force or torque on the generator’s rotor. To operate PMGS, it is connected to wind turbine through a shaft without gear box and rotate at slow speed. This uniform torque produced by the resultant magnetic flux which induces current in the armature winding. The stator magnetic field combined spatially with rotor magnetic flux and rotates as the same speed of the rotor. So the two magnetic fields synchronously rotate in PGSM to maintain the relative motion of rotor and stator.
Thus the permanent magnets rotates at constant speed without any DC excitation system, which means it has not required any slip rings and contact brushes to make it more reliability or efficient.
This project aims to create a electromagnetic braking system model capable of applying brakes without any friction loss and without losing the energy
Supplied. It uses a two electromagnets which runs by the supply of power from the circuit. Also, there is a wheel which is attached to the motor so when the power the supplied, by the help of motor the wheel rotates. Then a fan is attached near electromagnets to cool the electromagnets from excessive heating.
Special bearings in mechanical engineering,MTECH SEMINAR,CAPAGS,BPUT,ROURKELASidharth Adhikari
A SEMINAR WHICH DESCRIBE ABOUT MAGNETICE BEARING AND ITS PHENOMENON AND APPLICATION ,ADVANTAGES,
MTECH SEMINAR ,CENTRE FOR ADVANCE POST GRADUATE STUDIES,BPUT,ROURKELA
An automotive jack is a device used to raise all or part of a vehicle into the air in order to facilitate repairs. Most people are familiar with the basic car jack (manually operated) that is still included as standard equipment with most new cars. These days, a car jack is an important tool to have in our vehicle due to unknown upcoming event such as flat tire in our journey. Even so, people who like to rotate their tires themselves or who may install snow tires before the winter and remove them in the spring need to use a jack to perform the job. Changing a flat tire is not a very pleasant experience. Women have a much lighter skeleton that means, among other things, woman can’t pull more forces as well as men and are at greater risk of skeletal injuries. Usually the car purposely tries to get a flat tire at the least opportune moments.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
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Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
26. ADVANTAGES
It is contactless , therefore no wear or tear.
No noise.
High brake force at high speed.
Low maintenance.
Light weight.
26
27. DISADVANTAGES
Braking force diminishes as speed diminishes.
It can not be used in low speed vehicles.
Very tough design .
27
28. FUTURE SCOPE
In future ordinary brakes will be replaced by the eddy
current brakes completely.
By some new invention we can use eddy current brakes
for slow speed vehicles also.
28
29. CONCLUSION
Eddy current brake is a good invention for the speed
control of high speed vehicles.
Drawback of ordinary mechanical braking system can
be overcome by application of eddy current brakes.
29