This document summarizes a presentation on different types of economic activities. It discusses five types of economic activities in increasing order of complexity: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and quinary. Primary activities involve harvesting natural resources. Secondary activities add value to raw materials through manufacturing. Tertiary activities provide professional services. Quaternary activities involve advanced intellectual work. Environmental, political, cultural, technological, and market conditions influence these economic activities. Transportation and communication services connect the different types of activities and facilitate spatial interactions important for economic development.

1. COURSE CODE: GE 142
COURSE TITLE SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
COURSE INTSTRUCTOR: ISOLE, GOUSTONE F (Fr)
PRESENTERS SONS OF GOSHEN GROUP
DATE 10TH MARCH, 2014
VENUE M12
FACULTY OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY

2. 5 Types of Economic Activities
Based on the 1st Approach as advocated by
David Waugh, 1995
in Geography: An Integrated Approach

3. An account of the 1st Approach
• First approach ranged along a continuum
of both complex of product and service.
• In this perspective, the economies are
characterized with various distinctive
stages of production, depending on the
increasing distance from natural
environment.

4. Varying conditions affecting world’s
productive works ……..
 Environmental conditions
 Political conditions
 Cultural conditions
 Technological conditions
 Market conditions

5. Environmental conditions
• Climate
e.g.. Lumbering in equatorial
• Soil
e.g.. Agriculture- Animal husbandry and Crop
cultivation
• Natural resources e.g.. Minerals
Nota Benne:
…you can hardly conduct agricultural or fishing activities in desert areas.

6. Political conditions
 Protective tariffs or production restriction
pattern of economic activities.
 National Priorities e.g..
 Also focuses on governmental stability/
instability
“Kilimo Kwanza” in TZ

7. Technological conditions
• Pre industrial societies .
• Industrial societies.

8. Cultural conditions
• Food preference
 Maize is a preferred grain in Africa and America
 Rice in Asia
• Cultural beliefs
 In Muslim societies pigs are not produced.
 Buddhists believers do not keep domestic
animals i.e. cows are said to be their gods

9. Market conditions
• Free market mechanism
• Government instructions
• Consumption requirements

10.  Primary Activities
 Secondary Activities
 Quarternary Activities
 Tertiary Activities
 Quinary Activities
The major types of Economic
Activities……..

11. Primary Activities
 Activities that harvest or extract things from
earth.
Utilization of environment potentialities
(nature). e.g. crops cultivation, hunting,
gathering, grazing, mining, fishing, forestry etc.

12. Secondary Activities
• Activities that add values to raw materials by
changing their forms into more useful and
valuable commodities.
• Range from simple handcraft production to
complex and delicate production of goods e.g.
copper smelting, steel making, chemical
industries etc.

13. Tertiary Activities
• Professional services that need special skills
and are provided in exchange of payments.
E.g. Business and labor specialization that
provide services to primary and secondary
sector.

14. Tertiary Activities cont….
• These involve both production and exchange.
e.g. financial institution, communication
service, health, education, banking system.

15. Quaternary Activities
 Are applied to expertised service rendered by
professional working in educational sectors,
and government , management, advocate,
information processing and research.

16. Quaternary Activities
• Are intellectual occupations which are
advanced and specialized such as thinking,
research and developing new ideas. E.g.
education ,research, information processing

17. Quinary Activities
• Are intellectual occupations which are
advanced and specialized such as thinking,
research and developing new ideas. E.g.
education ,research, information processing

18. Interrelation of Types of Economic
Activities

19. Conclusion
• Transportation and communication services
and facilities cut across the general categories
of human economic activities, unite them and
make possible spatial interactions that all
human enterprises requires. Therefore
transport and communication services have
helped in the development of economic and
spatial human activities. Such as Roads,
Railways and Air Services.
• Importance of transport and communication.

20. Thanks For Being Attentive..
Yours Geographically
Sons of Goshen Members