The document proposes a stochastic modeling approach to analyze the time-domain variability of general linear systems with uncertain parameters. It uses a polynomial chaos expansion of the scattering parameters to build an "augmented system" that relates the polynomial chaos coefficients of the input and output port signals. A vector fitting algorithm is then used to obtain a stable and passive state-space model of the augmented system. This provides an efficient way to perform time-domain variability analysis with one simulation, avoiding the computational cost of Monte Carlo analysis which requires many simulations. The approach is demonstrated on a microstrip bandstop filter example.
A RRAY F ACTOR O PTIMIZATION OF AN A CTIVE P LANAR P HASED A RRAY USING...jantjournal
Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have the potential to
handle complex, multi-dimensional optimization
problems in the field of phased array. Out of diffe
rent EAs, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a po
pular
choice. In a phased array, antenna element failure
is a common phenomenon and this leads to degradatio
n
of the array factor (AF) pattern, primarily in term
s of increased side lobe levels (SLLs), displacemen
t of
nulls and reduction in the null depths. The recover
y of a degraded pattern using a cost and time-effec
tive
approach is on demand. In this context, an attempt
made to obtain an optimized AF pattern after fault
in a
49 elements quasi-circular aperture equilateral tri
angular grid active planar phased array using PSO.
In
the paper, multiple cases on recovery are discussed
having a maximum 20% element failure. Each recover
y
is also further evaluated by different statistical
analyses. A dedicated software tool was developed t
o carry
out the work presented in this paper.
A High Order Continuation Based On Time Power Series Expansion And Time Ratio...IJRES Journal
In this paper, we propose a high order continuation based on time power series expansion and time rational representation called Pad´e approximants for solving nonlinear structural dynamic problems. The solution of the discretized nonlinear structural dynamic problems, by finite elements method, is sought in the form of a power series expansion with respect to time. The Pad´e approximants technique is introduced to improve the validity range of power series expansion. The whole solution is built branch by branch using the continuation method. To illustrate the performance of this proposed high order continuation, we give some numerical comparisons on an example of forced nonlinear vibration of an elastic beam.
Modelling Quantum Transport in Nanostructuresiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Asymptotic features of Hessian Matrix in Receding Horizon Model Predictive Co...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, Receding Horizon Model Predictive Control (RH-MPC) having a quadratic objective
function is studied through the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Singular Vectors of its Hessian
Matrix. Contrary to the previous work, non-equal and medium sized control and prediction horizons are
considered and it is shown that the Singular Values converge to the open loop magnitude response of the
system and singular vectors contain the phase information. Earlier results focused on classical formulation
of Generalized Predictive Control (GPC), whereas, current work proves the applicability to modern
formulation. Although, method can easily be extended to MIMO systems, only SISO system examples
are presented.
A RRAY F ACTOR O PTIMIZATION OF AN A CTIVE P LANAR P HASED A RRAY USING...jantjournal
Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have the potential to
handle complex, multi-dimensional optimization
problems in the field of phased array. Out of diffe
rent EAs, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a po
pular
choice. In a phased array, antenna element failure
is a common phenomenon and this leads to degradatio
n
of the array factor (AF) pattern, primarily in term
s of increased side lobe levels (SLLs), displacemen
t of
nulls and reduction in the null depths. The recover
y of a degraded pattern using a cost and time-effec
tive
approach is on demand. In this context, an attempt
made to obtain an optimized AF pattern after fault
in a
49 elements quasi-circular aperture equilateral tri
angular grid active planar phased array using PSO.
In
the paper, multiple cases on recovery are discussed
having a maximum 20% element failure. Each recover
y
is also further evaluated by different statistical
analyses. A dedicated software tool was developed t
o carry
out the work presented in this paper.
A High Order Continuation Based On Time Power Series Expansion And Time Ratio...IJRES Journal
In this paper, we propose a high order continuation based on time power series expansion and time rational representation called Pad´e approximants for solving nonlinear structural dynamic problems. The solution of the discretized nonlinear structural dynamic problems, by finite elements method, is sought in the form of a power series expansion with respect to time. The Pad´e approximants technique is introduced to improve the validity range of power series expansion. The whole solution is built branch by branch using the continuation method. To illustrate the performance of this proposed high order continuation, we give some numerical comparisons on an example of forced nonlinear vibration of an elastic beam.
Modelling Quantum Transport in Nanostructuresiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Asymptotic features of Hessian Matrix in Receding Horizon Model Predictive Co...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, Receding Horizon Model Predictive Control (RH-MPC) having a quadratic objective
function is studied through the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Singular Vectors of its Hessian
Matrix. Contrary to the previous work, non-equal and medium sized control and prediction horizons are
considered and it is shown that the Singular Values converge to the open loop magnitude response of the
system and singular vectors contain the phase information. Earlier results focused on classical formulation
of Generalized Predictive Control (GPC), whereas, current work proves the applicability to modern
formulation. Although, method can easily be extended to MIMO systems, only SISO system examples
are presented.
COMPUTATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF QUANTUM PHASE ESTIMATION ALGORITHMcscpconf
A quantum computation problem is discussed in this paper. Many new features that make quantum computation superior to classical computation can be attributed to quantum coherence
effect, which depends on the phase of quantum coherent state. Quantum Fourier transform algorithm, the most commonly used algorithm, is introduced. And one of its most important
applications, phase estimation of quantum state based on quantum Fourier transform, is presented in details. The flow of phase estimation algorithm and the quantum circuit model are
shown. And the error of the output phase value, as well as the probability of measurement, is analysed. The probability distribution of the measuring result of phase value is presented and the computational efficiency is discussed.
COMPUTATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF QUANTUM PHASE ESTIMATION ALGORITHMcsitconf
A quantum computation problem is discussed in this paper. Many new features that make
quantum computation superior to classical computation can be attributed to quantum coherence
effect, which depends on the phase of quantum coherent state. Quantum Fourier transform
algorithm, the most commonly used algorithm, is introduced. And one of its most important
applications, phase estimation of quantum state based on quantum Fourier transform, is
presented in details. The flow of phase estimation algorithm and the quantum circuit model are
shown. And the error of the output phase value, as well as the probability of measurement, is
analysed. The probability distribution of the measuring result of phase value is presented and
the computational efficiency is discussed.
ARRAY FACTOR OPTIMIZATION OF AN ACTIVE PLANAR PHASED ARRAY USING EVOLUTIONARY...jantjournal
Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have the potential to handle complex, multi-dimensional optimization problems in the field of phased array. Out of different EAs, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a popular choice. In a phased array, antenna element failure is a common phenomenon and this leads to degradation
of the array factor (AF) pattern, primarily in terms of increased side lobe levels (SLLs), displacement of nulls and reduction in the null depths. The recovery of a degraded pattern using a cost and time-effective approach is on demand. In this context, an attempt made to obtain an optimized AF pattern after fault in a
49 elements quasi-circular aperture equilateral triangular grid active planar phased array using PSO. In the paper, multiple cases on recovery are discussed having a maximum 20% element failure. Each recovery is also further evaluated by different statistical analyses. A dedicated software tool was developed to carry out the work presented in this paper.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Optimal and Power Aware BIST for Delay Testing of System-On-ChipIDES Editor
Test engineering for fault tolerant VLSI systems is
encumbered with optimization requisites for hardware
overhead, test power and test time. The high level quality of
these complex high-speed VLSI circuits can be assured only
through delay testing, which involves checking for accurate
temporal behavior. In the present paper, a data-path based
built-in test pattern generator (TPG) that generates iterative
pseudo-exhaustive two-patterns (IPET) for parallel delay
testing of modules with different input cone capacities is
implemented. Further, in the present study a CMOS
implementation of low power architecture (LPA) for scan based
built-in self test (BIST) for delay testing and combinational
testing is carried out. This reduces test power dissipation in
the circuit under test (CUT). Experimental results and
comparisons with pre-existing methods prove the reduction
in hardware overhead and test-time.
Numerical Simulation of Gaseous Microflows by Lattice Boltzmann MethodIDES Editor
This work is concerned with application of the
Lattice Boltzmznn Method (LBM) to compute flows in microgeometries.
The choice of using LBM for microflow simulation
is a good one owing to the fact that it is based on the Boltzmann
equation which is valid for the whole range of the Knudsen
number. In this work LBM is applied to simulate the pressure
driven microchannel flows and micro lid-driven cavity flows.
First, the microchannel flow is studied in some details with
the effects of varying the Knudsen number, pressure ratio
and Tangential Momemtum Accomodation Coefficient
(TMAC). The pressure distribution and other parameters are
compared with available experimental and analytical data
with good agreement. After having thus established the
credibility of the code and the method including boundary
conditions, LBM is then used to investigate the micro liddriven
cavity flow. The computations are carried out mainly
for the slip regime and the threshold of the transition regime.
COMPARISON OF VOLUME AND DISTANCE CONSTRAINT ON HYPERSPECTRAL UNMIXINGcsandit
Algorithms based on minimum volume constraint or sum of squared distances constraint is
widely used in Hyperspectral image unmixing. However, there are few works about performing
comparison between these two algorithms. In this paper, comparison analysis between two
algorithms is presented to evaluate the performance of two constraints under different situations. Comparison is implemented from the following three aspects: flatness of simplex, initialization effects and robustness to noise. The analysis can provide a guideline on which constraint should be adopted under certain specific tasks.
Performance Analysis of Adaptive DOA Estimation Algorithms For Mobile Applica...IJERA Editor
Spatial filtering for mobile communications has attracted a lot of attention over the last decade and is cur-rently considered a very promising technique that will help future cellular networks achieve their ambi-tious goals. One way to accomplish this is via array signal processing with algorithms which estimate the Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) of the received waves from the mobile users. This paper evaluates the per-formance of a number of DOA estimation algorithms. In all cases a linear antenna array at the base station is assumed to be operating typical cellular environment.
Signal processing with frequency and phase shift keying modulation in telecom...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper represents research improving effectiveness of signal processing in telecommunication devices especially for its part, which relates to providing its noise resistance in conditions of noise and interference. This objective has been achieved through development of methods and means for optimization of filtering devices and semigraphical interpretation of clock synchronization systems in telecommunications with frequency shift keying on the base of stochastic models what determines relevance of the subject. Separately, in an article considered the urgent task is using of modified synchronization methods based on the interference influence of adjacent symbols on the phase criterion tract, in particular the use of the modified synchronization scheme, in order to get a formalized outlook representation of the synchronization schemas based on the polyphase structures with using a bank of filters, that allows to improve the characteristics of digital telecommunication channels. This work is devoted to the examination and modeling of these ways. The proposed ideas and results for the construction of synchronization systems can be used in modern means of telecommunication.
TEST GENERATION FOR ANALOG AND MIXED-SIGNAL CIRCUITS USING HYBRID SYSTEM MODELSVLSICS Design
In this paper we propose an approach for testing time-domain properties of analog and mixed-signal circuits. The approach is based on an adaptation of a recently developed test generation technique for hybrid systems and a new concept of coverage for such systems. The approach is illustrated by its application to some benchmark circuits.
Test Generation for Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuits Using Hybrid System Mode...VLSICS Design
In this paper we propose an approach for testing time-domain properties of analog and mixed-signal circuits. The approach is based on an adaptation of a recently developed test generation technique for hybrid systems and a new concept of coverage for such systems. The approach is illustrated by its application to some benchmark circuits.
Numerical Investigation of Multilayer Fractal FSSIJMER
Numerical investigations are presented for a multilayer frequency selective surface with Koch
fractal (levels 1 and 2) conducting patch elements. The structure investigated is obtained using two FSS
screens separated by an air gap layer. For the proposed investigation were used three different values an
air gap height. The results obtained using the numerical method were compared with other technique and
using the commercial software Ansoft DesignerTM. A good agreement was observed in terms of the
bandwidth.
Simulation, bifurcation, and stability analysis of a SEPIC converter control...IJECEIAES
This article presents some results of SEPIC converter dynamics when controlled by a center pulse width modulator controller (CPWM). The duty cycle is calculated using the ZAD (Zero Average Dynamics) technique. Results obtained using this technique show a great variety of non-linear phenomena such as bifurcations and chaos, as parameters associated with the switching surface. These phenomena have been studied in the present paper in numerical form. Simulations were done in MATLAB.
On the dynamic behavior of the current in the condenser of a boost converter ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, an analytical and numerical study is conducted on the dynamics of the current in the condenser of a boost converter controlled with ZAD, using a pulse PWM to the symmetric center. A stability analysis of periodic 1T-orbits was made by the analytical calculation of the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix of the dynamic system, where the presence of flip and Neimar–Sacker-type bifurcations was determined. The presence of chaos, which is controlled by ZAD and FPIC techniques, is shown from the analysis of Lyapunov exponents.
This study deals with the active control of the dynamic response of a string with fixed ends and mass
loaded by a point mass. It has been controlled actively by means of a feed forward control method. A point mass of a
string is considered as a vibrating receiver which be forced to vibrate by a vibrating source being positioned on the
string. By analyzing the motion of a string, the equation of motion for a string was derived by using a method of
variation of parameters. To define the optimal conditions of a controller, the cost function, which denotes the dynamic
response at the point mass of a string was evaluated numerically. The possibility of reduction of a dynamic response
was found to depend on the location of a control force, the magnitude of a point mass and a forcing frequency
COMPUTATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF QUANTUM PHASE ESTIMATION ALGORITHMcscpconf
A quantum computation problem is discussed in this paper. Many new features that make quantum computation superior to classical computation can be attributed to quantum coherence
effect, which depends on the phase of quantum coherent state. Quantum Fourier transform algorithm, the most commonly used algorithm, is introduced. And one of its most important
applications, phase estimation of quantum state based on quantum Fourier transform, is presented in details. The flow of phase estimation algorithm and the quantum circuit model are
shown. And the error of the output phase value, as well as the probability of measurement, is analysed. The probability distribution of the measuring result of phase value is presented and the computational efficiency is discussed.
COMPUTATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF QUANTUM PHASE ESTIMATION ALGORITHMcsitconf
A quantum computation problem is discussed in this paper. Many new features that make
quantum computation superior to classical computation can be attributed to quantum coherence
effect, which depends on the phase of quantum coherent state. Quantum Fourier transform
algorithm, the most commonly used algorithm, is introduced. And one of its most important
applications, phase estimation of quantum state based on quantum Fourier transform, is
presented in details. The flow of phase estimation algorithm and the quantum circuit model are
shown. And the error of the output phase value, as well as the probability of measurement, is
analysed. The probability distribution of the measuring result of phase value is presented and
the computational efficiency is discussed.
ARRAY FACTOR OPTIMIZATION OF AN ACTIVE PLANAR PHASED ARRAY USING EVOLUTIONARY...jantjournal
Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have the potential to handle complex, multi-dimensional optimization problems in the field of phased array. Out of different EAs, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a popular choice. In a phased array, antenna element failure is a common phenomenon and this leads to degradation
of the array factor (AF) pattern, primarily in terms of increased side lobe levels (SLLs), displacement of nulls and reduction in the null depths. The recovery of a degraded pattern using a cost and time-effective approach is on demand. In this context, an attempt made to obtain an optimized AF pattern after fault in a
49 elements quasi-circular aperture equilateral triangular grid active planar phased array using PSO. In the paper, multiple cases on recovery are discussed having a maximum 20% element failure. Each recovery is also further evaluated by different statistical analyses. A dedicated software tool was developed to carry out the work presented in this paper.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Optimal and Power Aware BIST for Delay Testing of System-On-ChipIDES Editor
Test engineering for fault tolerant VLSI systems is
encumbered with optimization requisites for hardware
overhead, test power and test time. The high level quality of
these complex high-speed VLSI circuits can be assured only
through delay testing, which involves checking for accurate
temporal behavior. In the present paper, a data-path based
built-in test pattern generator (TPG) that generates iterative
pseudo-exhaustive two-patterns (IPET) for parallel delay
testing of modules with different input cone capacities is
implemented. Further, in the present study a CMOS
implementation of low power architecture (LPA) for scan based
built-in self test (BIST) for delay testing and combinational
testing is carried out. This reduces test power dissipation in
the circuit under test (CUT). Experimental results and
comparisons with pre-existing methods prove the reduction
in hardware overhead and test-time.
Numerical Simulation of Gaseous Microflows by Lattice Boltzmann MethodIDES Editor
This work is concerned with application of the
Lattice Boltzmznn Method (LBM) to compute flows in microgeometries.
The choice of using LBM for microflow simulation
is a good one owing to the fact that it is based on the Boltzmann
equation which is valid for the whole range of the Knudsen
number. In this work LBM is applied to simulate the pressure
driven microchannel flows and micro lid-driven cavity flows.
First, the microchannel flow is studied in some details with
the effects of varying the Knudsen number, pressure ratio
and Tangential Momemtum Accomodation Coefficient
(TMAC). The pressure distribution and other parameters are
compared with available experimental and analytical data
with good agreement. After having thus established the
credibility of the code and the method including boundary
conditions, LBM is then used to investigate the micro liddriven
cavity flow. The computations are carried out mainly
for the slip regime and the threshold of the transition regime.
COMPARISON OF VOLUME AND DISTANCE CONSTRAINT ON HYPERSPECTRAL UNMIXINGcsandit
Algorithms based on minimum volume constraint or sum of squared distances constraint is
widely used in Hyperspectral image unmixing. However, there are few works about performing
comparison between these two algorithms. In this paper, comparison analysis between two
algorithms is presented to evaluate the performance of two constraints under different situations. Comparison is implemented from the following three aspects: flatness of simplex, initialization effects and robustness to noise. The analysis can provide a guideline on which constraint should be adopted under certain specific tasks.
Performance Analysis of Adaptive DOA Estimation Algorithms For Mobile Applica...IJERA Editor
Spatial filtering for mobile communications has attracted a lot of attention over the last decade and is cur-rently considered a very promising technique that will help future cellular networks achieve their ambi-tious goals. One way to accomplish this is via array signal processing with algorithms which estimate the Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) of the received waves from the mobile users. This paper evaluates the per-formance of a number of DOA estimation algorithms. In all cases a linear antenna array at the base station is assumed to be operating typical cellular environment.
Signal processing with frequency and phase shift keying modulation in telecom...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper represents research improving effectiveness of signal processing in telecommunication devices especially for its part, which relates to providing its noise resistance in conditions of noise and interference. This objective has been achieved through development of methods and means for optimization of filtering devices and semigraphical interpretation of clock synchronization systems in telecommunications with frequency shift keying on the base of stochastic models what determines relevance of the subject. Separately, in an article considered the urgent task is using of modified synchronization methods based on the interference influence of adjacent symbols on the phase criterion tract, in particular the use of the modified synchronization scheme, in order to get a formalized outlook representation of the synchronization schemas based on the polyphase structures with using a bank of filters, that allows to improve the characteristics of digital telecommunication channels. This work is devoted to the examination and modeling of these ways. The proposed ideas and results for the construction of synchronization systems can be used in modern means of telecommunication.
TEST GENERATION FOR ANALOG AND MIXED-SIGNAL CIRCUITS USING HYBRID SYSTEM MODELSVLSICS Design
In this paper we propose an approach for testing time-domain properties of analog and mixed-signal circuits. The approach is based on an adaptation of a recently developed test generation technique for hybrid systems and a new concept of coverage for such systems. The approach is illustrated by its application to some benchmark circuits.
Test Generation for Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuits Using Hybrid System Mode...VLSICS Design
In this paper we propose an approach for testing time-domain properties of analog and mixed-signal circuits. The approach is based on an adaptation of a recently developed test generation technique for hybrid systems and a new concept of coverage for such systems. The approach is illustrated by its application to some benchmark circuits.
Numerical Investigation of Multilayer Fractal FSSIJMER
Numerical investigations are presented for a multilayer frequency selective surface with Koch
fractal (levels 1 and 2) conducting patch elements. The structure investigated is obtained using two FSS
screens separated by an air gap layer. For the proposed investigation were used three different values an
air gap height. The results obtained using the numerical method were compared with other technique and
using the commercial software Ansoft DesignerTM. A good agreement was observed in terms of the
bandwidth.
Simulation, bifurcation, and stability analysis of a SEPIC converter control...IJECEIAES
This article presents some results of SEPIC converter dynamics when controlled by a center pulse width modulator controller (CPWM). The duty cycle is calculated using the ZAD (Zero Average Dynamics) technique. Results obtained using this technique show a great variety of non-linear phenomena such as bifurcations and chaos, as parameters associated with the switching surface. These phenomena have been studied in the present paper in numerical form. Simulations were done in MATLAB.
On the dynamic behavior of the current in the condenser of a boost converter ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, an analytical and numerical study is conducted on the dynamics of the current in the condenser of a boost converter controlled with ZAD, using a pulse PWM to the symmetric center. A stability analysis of periodic 1T-orbits was made by the analytical calculation of the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix of the dynamic system, where the presence of flip and Neimar–Sacker-type bifurcations was determined. The presence of chaos, which is controlled by ZAD and FPIC techniques, is shown from the analysis of Lyapunov exponents.
This study deals with the active control of the dynamic response of a string with fixed ends and mass
loaded by a point mass. It has been controlled actively by means of a feed forward control method. A point mass of a
string is considered as a vibrating receiver which be forced to vibrate by a vibrating source being positioned on the
string. By analyzing the motion of a string, the equation of motion for a string was derived by using a method of
variation of parameters. To define the optimal conditions of a controller, the cost function, which denotes the dynamic
response at the point mass of a string was evaluated numerically. The possibility of reduction of a dynamic response
was found to depend on the location of a control force, the magnitude of a point mass and a forcing frequency
Discrete-wavelet-transform recursive inverse algorithm using second-order est...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The recursive-least-squares (RLS) algorithm was introduced as an alternative to LMS algorithm with enhanced performance. Computational complexity and instability in updating the autocolleltion matrix are some of the drawbacks of the RLS algorithm that were among the reasons for the intrduction of the second-order recursive inverse (RI) adaptive algorithm. The 2nd order RI adaptive algorithm suffered from low convergence rate in certain scenarios that required a relatively small initial step-size. In this paper, we propose a newsecond-order RI algorithm that projects the input signal to a new domain namely discrete-wavelet-transform (DWT) as pre step before performing the algorithm. This transformation overcomes the low convergence rate of the second-order RI algorithm by reducing the self-correlation of the input signal in the mentioned scenatios. Expeirments are conducted using the noise cancellation setting. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared to those of the RI, original second-order RI and RLS algorithms in different Gaussian and impulsive noise environments. Simulations demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm in terms of convergence rate comparedto those algorithms.
Joint State and Parameter Estimation by Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) techniqueIJERD Editor
In order to increase power system stability and reliability during and after disturbances, power grid
global and local controllers must be developed. SCADA system provides steady and low sampling density. To
remove these limitation PMUs are being rapidly adopted worldwide. Dynamic states of power system can be
estimated using EKF. This requires field excitation as input which may not available. As a result, the EKF with
unknown inputs proposed for identifying and estimating the states and the unknown inputs of the synchronous
machine.
Further results on the joint time delay and frequency estimation without eige...IJCNCJournal
Joint Time Delay and Frequency Estimation (JTDFE) problem of complex sinusoidal signals received at
two separated sensors is an attractive problem that has been considered for several engineering
applications. In this paper, a high resolution null (noise) subspace method without eigenvalue
decomposition is proposed. The direct data Matrix is replaced by an upper triangular matrix obtained from
Rank-Revealing LU (RRLU) factorization. The RRLU provides accurate information about the rank and the
numerical null space which make it a valuable tool in numerical linear algebra.The proposed novel method
decreases the computational complexity of JTDFE approximately to the half compared with RRQR
methods. The proposed method generates estimates of the unknown parameters which are based on the
observation and/or covariance matrices. This leads to a significant improvement in the computational load.
Computer simulations are included in this paper to demonstrate the proposed method.
Radial basis function neural network control for parallel spatial robotTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The derivation of motion equations of constrained spatial multibody system is an important problem of dynamics and control of parallel robots. The paper firstly presents an overview of the calculating the torque of the driving stages of the parallel robots using Kronecker product. The main content of this paper is to derive the inverse dynamics controllers based on the radial basis function (RBF) neural network control law for parallel robot manipulators. Finally, numerical simulation of the inverse dynamics controller for a 3-RRR delta robot manipulator is presented as an illustrative example.
Pseudoperiodic waveguides with selection of spatial harmonics and modesVictor Solntsev
A principle of selection of modes and their spatial harmonics in periodic waveguides and, in particular, in spatially developed slowing systems for multibeam traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) is elaborated. The essence of the principle is in the following: varying along the length of the system its period and at least one more parameter that determines the phase shift per period, one can provide constant phase velocity of one spatial harmonic and destroy other spatial harmonics, i.e., reduce their amplitudes substantially. In this case, variations of the period may be significant, and the slowing system becomes nonuniform, or pseudoperiodic; namely, one of the spatial harmonics remains the same as in the initial periodic structure. Relationships are derived for the amplitudes of the spatial-wave harmonics, interaction coefficient, and coupling impedance of the pseudoperiodic system. The possibility of the mode selection in pseudoperiodic slowing systems when the synchronism condition is satisfied for the spatial harmonic of one mode is investigated. The efficiency of suppressing spurious spatial harmonics and modes for linear and abrupt variation of spacing is estimated. The elaborated principle of selection of spatial harmonics and modes is illustrated by an example of a two-section helical-waveguide slowing system.
Investigation of repeated blasts at Aitik mine using waveform cross correlationIvan Kitov
We present results of signal detection from repeated events at the Aitik and Kiruna mines in Sweden as based on waveform cross correlation. Several advanced methods based on tensor Singular Value Decomposition is applied to waveforms measured at seismic array ARCES, which consists of three-component sensors.
DISTRIBUTION LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS FOR RDIAL & MESH DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMIAEME Publication
Power flow analysis is the backbone of power system analysis and design. They are necessary for planning, operation, economic scheduling and exchange of power between utilities. Power flow analysis is required for many other analyses such as transient stability, optimal power flow and contingency studies. The principal information of power flow analysis is to find the magnitude and phase angle of voltage at each bus and the real and reactive power flowing in each transmission lines. Power flow analysis is an importance tool involving numerical analysis applied to a power system. In this analysis, iterative techniques are used due to there no known analytical method to solve the problem. This resulted nonlinear set of equations or called power flow equations are generated.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
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NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
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• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
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Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
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The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
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Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
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An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
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@Pi_vendor_247
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A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
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Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
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Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
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2. impedance (usually the same for all the system ports). By
expressing all the stochastic quantities in (1) − (3) via the PC
expansion leads to
𝑀∑
𝑖=0
𝒃𝑖 𝜑𝑖 (𝝃) =
𝑀∑
𝑖=0
𝑀∑
𝑗=0
𝑺 𝑖 𝒂 𝑗 𝜑𝑖 (𝝃) 𝜑 𝑗 (𝝃) (4)
𝑀∑
𝑖=0
𝑎 𝑘
𝑖 𝜑𝑖 (𝝃) =
∑ 𝑀
𝑖=0 𝑉 𝑘
𝑖 𝜑𝑖 (𝝃) +
∑ 𝑀
𝑖=0 𝑍𝐼 𝑘
𝑖 𝜑𝑖 (𝝃)
2
√
∣ℜ (𝑍) ∣
(5)
𝑀∑
𝑖=0
𝑏 𝑘
𝑖 𝜑𝑖 (𝝃) =
∑ 𝑀
𝑖=0 𝑉 𝑘
𝑖 𝜑𝑖 (𝝃) −
∑ 𝑀
𝑖=0 𝑍∗
𝐼 𝑘
𝑖 𝜑𝑖 (𝝃)
2
√
∣ℜ (𝑍) ∣
(6)
where 𝒂𝑖, 𝒃𝑖, 𝑺 𝑖, 𝑉 𝑘
𝑖 and 𝐼 𝑘
𝑖 are the PC coefficients of the
forward and backward wave, of the system scattering matrix,
and of the voltage and current at the 𝑘–th port of the system,
respectively.
Now, by adopting the GP method [2], [6] in equations (4)
- (6) allows one to write
𝒃 𝑃 𝐶 = 𝑺 𝑃 𝐶 𝒂 𝑃 𝐶 (7)
where
𝒂 𝑃 𝐶 =
1
2
√
∣ℜ (𝑍) ∣
(𝑽 𝑃 𝐶 + 𝑍𝑰 𝑃 𝐶) (8)
𝒃 𝑃 𝐶 =
1
2
√
∣ℜ (𝑍) ∣
(𝑽 𝑃 𝐶 − 𝑍∗
𝑰 𝑃 𝐶) (9)
The vectors 𝒂 𝑃 𝐶 ∈ ℂ(𝑀+1)𝑁 𝑃 ×1
and 𝒃 𝑃 𝐶 ∈ ℂ(𝑀+1)𝑁 𝑃 ×1
contain the PC coefficients of the incident and reflected
waves, respectively, while 𝑽 𝑃 𝐶 ∈ ℂ(𝑀+1)𝑁 𝑃 ×1
and 𝑰 𝑃 𝐶 ∈
ℂ(𝑀+1)𝑁 𝑃 ×1
are the vectors of the PC coefficients for the
port voltages and currents, respectively. Note that the ma-
trix 𝑺 𝑃 𝐶 ∈ ℂ(𝑀+1)𝑁 𝑃 ×(𝑀+1)𝑁 𝑃
is a deterministic matrix,
obtained via a suitable weighted combination of the PC
coefficients of the system scattering matrix and its reciprocity
can be preserved by adopting orthonormal basis functions [2].
Furthermore, it is possible to prove that the PC coefficients in
(8), (9) are decoupled, as for the original deterministic system:
the PC coefficients of the incident and reflected waves at the
𝑘–th port of the system depend only on the PC coefficients of
voltage and current at the same port.
By comparing (1) − (3) with (7) − (9), a stochastic system
depending on the random variables 𝝃 is described via an
equivalent deterministic system which still represent a system
defined by a scattering parameter matrix, namely 𝑺 𝑃 𝐶, with
respect to the PC coefficients of the incident and reflected
waves 𝒂 𝑃 𝐶 and 𝒃 𝑃 𝐶. Hence, the condition for the passivity
of 𝑺 𝑃 𝐶 are identical to the ones for a deterministic scattering
parameter matrix [9].
Finally, a time–domain model in a state–space form of the
augmented system can be computed via the VF algorithm [8]
and its stability and passivity can be enforced by means of
standard techniques, such as [10].
Now, the equations of the terminations at the system ports
are in the form
𝑽 (𝝃) = 𝑽 𝑆
− 𝒁 𝐿
𝑰 (𝝃) (10)
Fig. 1. Geometry of bandstop microstrip filter.
where 𝑽 (𝝃), 𝑰 (𝝃) represent the vector of the port voltages
and currents, respectively, 𝑽 𝑆
is the matrix of the voltage
sources and 𝒁 𝐿
is the matrix of the port terminations. Again,
by means of the PC expansion and GP method, the following
equation can be easily derived
𝑽 𝑃 𝐶 = 𝑽 𝑆
𝑃 𝐶 − 𝒁 𝐿
𝑃 𝐶 𝑰 𝑃 𝐶 (11)
where 𝑽 𝑃 𝐶 and 𝑰 𝑃 𝐶 are the matrices of the PC coefficients of
the port voltages and currents, while the matrix 𝒁 𝐿
𝑃 𝐶 is block
diagonal and depends only on the original port terminations
𝒁 𝐿
. Finally, the PC coefficients of the port signals can be
directly determined by combining (7) − (9) with (11) and
the time–domain variability analysis can be performed with
accuracy and efficiency thanks to the properties of the PC
expansion (i.e. stochastic moments of the ports voltages and
current can be analytically determined).
III. NUMERICAL EXAMPLE
The simulations shown in this Section are performed with
MATLAB 2015𝑎1
and ADS 20152
on a computer with Intel
Core i3 processor and 8GB RAM.
In order to validate the proposed stochastic modeling ap-
proach, the bandstop microstrip filter [11] in Fig.1 is stud-
ied within the frequency range [100Hz − 7GHz]. The width
𝑤 of the base microstrip highlighted in Fig.1 and relative
permittivity 𝜀 𝑟 of the substrate are considered as Gaussian
distributed random variables, 𝑤 ∼ 𝒩(0.5mm, (60𝜇m)2
), 𝜀 𝑟 ∼
𝒩(6.15, (0.18)2
), while all the other parameters are chosen as
shown in [11].
An initial set of scattering parameters values has been
evaluated via ADS, over 25 samples for the geometrical
parameters (𝑤, 𝜀 𝑟) chosen over a 5×5 regular grid. Then, the
PC coefficients of the filter scattering parameters are computed
with 𝑀 + 1 = 10 basis functions and a maximum degree
𝑃 = 3 of the PC basis functions for 101 frequency samples,
following the approach described in [4]. Next, 𝑺 𝑃 𝐶 can be
calculated for each frequency sample as described in Section
II. Finally, a stable and passive state–space model of 𝑺 𝑃 𝐶 has
been obtained by means of the VF algorithm targeting −50dB
as maximum absolute model error between the scattering
parameters of augmented matrix and the corresponding state–
space model.
1The Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA, USA.
2Advanced Design System (ADS), Keysight Technologies, Santa Rosa, CA.
62
3. Time (ns)
6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10
(V)
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6 MC Mean
MC Mean + 3 σ
MC Mean - 3 σ
PC Mean
PC Mean + 3 σ
PC Mean - 3 σ
Fig. 2. The mean 𝜇 and the range 𝜇 ± 3𝜎 of the input voltage of the
bandstop microstrip filter. The (solid, dash, dot) lines are computed using the
MC method for 10000 (𝑤, 𝜀 𝑟) samples. The symbols (×,∘,□) represent the
same quantities obtained with the PC–based augmented system.
The time–domain simulations are performed by exciting the
filter with a smooth voltage pulse with amplitude 1V, rise/fall
times 0.1ns, width 1.5ns, initial delay 6.75ns and internal
resistance 𝑅 𝑆 = 50Ω, while the filter is terminated on a
𝑅 𝐿 = 50Ω resistor. Note that the computation of the PC
coefficients of the port signals via the obtained augmented
system requires only one time–domain simulation.
In order to validate the efficiency and accuracy of our novel
technique, a comparison with the time–domain MC analysis
is performed. First, the filter scattering parameters have been
computed for 10000 samples of the chosen random variables
(𝑤, 𝜀 𝑟) in ADS. Next, a corresponding state–space description
is calculated via the VF algorithm for each one of the 10000
scattering matrices obtained so far, by targeting a maximum
modeling error of −50dB, and the time–domain MC analysis
is performed by means of such state–space models. The
proposed technique has a good accuracy compared with the
classical MC analysis not only in computing simple stochastic
moments, as shown in Fig. 2, but also complex stochastic
quantities like the probability density (PDF) and cumulative
distribution (CDF) functions, see Fig. 3. Furthermore, the
proposed method requires only 21min 39.52s to estimate the
filter variability features, while the MC analysis requires 139h
36min 55.94s, corresponding to a simulation speed–up of
386×.
IV. CONCLUSION
An stochastic macromodeling approach for time–domain
variability analysis of general linear and passive multiport
systems is presented in this paper, which overcomes the
limitations of the technique [2]. Based on the PC expansion
and GP method, the proposed technique is non–intrusive and
can be applied to many different microwave structures (i.e.
distributed filters, connectors), since its based on the scattering
Iout
(t=8.8 ns) (mA)
-6 -5.5 -5 -4.5 -4 -3.5 -3
PDF
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
CDF
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Fig. 3. PDF (full line) and CDF (dashed line) of the output current for
𝑡 = 8.8ns computed using the novel PC–based technique; the circles (∘) and
squares (□) represent the same quantities computed by the MC method.
parameters of the system under study. Note that the time–
domain variability analysis can be performed by means of one
time–domain simulation of the computed stable and passive
macromodel. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed
method are validated by a suitable numerical example, achiev-
ing a simulation speedup of 386× with respect to the MC
analysis.
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