1. The document discusses the issue of fraud risk in electronic commerce and digital signatures, noting that while non-repudiable digital signatures aim to reduce risk, private keys are often not adequately protected. 2. Laws attempting to promote e-commerce by shifting fraud risk to individuals may be misleading as truly secure digital signatures do not currently exist. Additionally, small businesses may be discouraged from online sales if faced with high fraud costs. 3. The document concludes that until consumers have truly secure signature technologies, they should not be held responsible for fraud risks, and that banks are best equipped to manage these risks as they do with other payment methods.