Eco-IC Engines
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The document discusses various eco-friendly innovations in internal combustion engines. It describes technologies like higher compression ratios, turbochargers, variable valve timing, and flexible fuels which improve fuel efficiency. It also covers optimizations in areas like combustion, mechanical systems, and lightweight aerodynamic design that allow engines to use fuel more efficiently in response to different operating conditions. The goal of these various innovations is to reduce fossil fuel usage and respond to factors like the 1970s Arab oil embargo and concerns over depleting oil reserves.
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Eco-IC Engines
- 1. Latest trends towards ... ECO-IC ... ... Engines Made by: Arslan Guzel 13MEB451 A3MB-47
- 2. It's Need? Neccessory Measures The FUN Factor Latest Innovations 1 2 3
- 3. It's Need01 Arab Oil Embargo • United States, Canada, Western Europe, Japan, UK, and Netherland effected in mid-1970s i Depleting Fossil Fuel Reservoir Link 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -ii Marketing strategy • Bringing down costs • Improving resale iii
- 4. Arab Oil Embargoi Embargo emposed on Western Powers. Why? Price hike of gasoline fuel by 400%. Need for Fuel Efficiency felt leading to Eco-IC Engines.
- 5. Link 1ii 1
- 6. Neccessory Measures02 Optimisation of Combustion # Higher C.R. # Ford model-T explosion Technique # Turbochargers # Opportunity type controls i Mechanical improvisation ## Variable valve timing and lift ## Variable displacement ## Variable displacement oil pumps ## Cruising gears ## Lightweighting and Aerodynamics ii Flex fueliii
- 7. Higher C.R.# • When this ratio is higher, it uses fuel more efficiently • Knocking sound in the engine • Higher octane gas • Longer exhaust manifold • Faster combustion time • Achieved 13:1 compared to 10:1 by Mazda • Mazda • SKYACTIV-G System
- 8. 2 3
- 9. Ford Explosion Technique# Ignition replaced by Explosion Motive to get 100% energy from expansion Four-cylinder engines have gone from making 20 HP to more than 250 HP Eg: Ford F series
- 10. Turbochargers# • More pressure more Power • Exhaust passes through Exhaust turbine - connected to compressor turbine. • C.T pressurizes itake charge. • More than 100 horsepower per liter of engine displacement
- 11. Opportunity type controls# • Minimizing unneccessory and auxiliary fuel combustion • Start/Stop Technology • Regenerative Breaking • Fuel saved
- 12. Variable valve timing & lift## Certain valve timing and lift produces more power Automotive Engines alter timing and lift as needed even at 6000 rpm Eg: Honda i-VTEC
- 13. 4 5
- 14. Variable displacement## Combustion on demand - qualitative approach - reducing fuel input Changes the number of cylinders it runs on, thereby altering effective displacement Fuel flow to inactive cylinders is cut, fuel economy improves Eg: Audi S8
- 15. 6 7
- 16. Variable displacement oil pumps## Reducing parasitic load on crank shaft Oil output (volume and pressure) just matches the demand of engine • 3%-6% higher fuel economy during both hot and cold starts • Higher engine speeds producing greater fuel-economy benefits.
- 17. 8 9
- 18. Cruising Gears## Optimising engine speed Gears help in keeping the engine RPM lesser than tyre RPM. Added gears enable engine to operate at optimal speed. • Lower drag forces • Lower fuel consumption • Lower noise
- 19. Lightweighting and Aerodynamics## Shredding of unneccesory weight and reducing drag • Material of higher material index used • Improved aerodynamics CAE simulation Next-generation aluminum-bodied Ford F-150
- 20. Flex Fuel Switching to alternative fuel sources E10 to E85: mixture of Ethanol and gasoline Can be made from biological sources Greater HP delivered Eg: Koenigsegg's CCXR model supercar, SUVs, Trucks
- 21. The FUN Factor03
- 22. Latest Innovations04 • OEM's 2.7L EcoBoost engine will be used in Ford F-150 Aluminum bodied vehicle with 700 lbs lightweighting • 6-speed Engines compared to 4 and 5 speed Engines • Integrated exhaust manifolds used on the Pentastar engine • Brake energy regeneration has been added to both gasoline- and diesel-powered BMWs • SKYACTIV-G vehicles in Europe have a 14:1 ratio by using flex fuel • Swedish supercar company Koenigsegg CCXR supercar increased HP from 806 to 1016 by using E100
- 23. References[.] [1] Before it's News, Graph of the day, November 2014. Available from:<http://beforeitsnews.com/environment/2014/11/graph-of-the-day-world-growth- in-total-fossil-fuel-consumption-versus-growth-in-wind-and-solar-1990-2013- 2514436.html>. [4 April 2016] [2], [3] SKYACTIV TECHNOLOGY, SKYACTIV-G. Available from:<http://www.mazda.com/en/innovation/technology/skyactiv/skyactiv-g/>. [4 April 2016] [4], [7] Car and Driver, 2003 Toyota Corolla valve train, August 2008. Available from:<http://www.caranddriver.com/photo-gallery/five-fuel-saving-technologies>. [4 April 2016] [5] Honda-The power of dreams, Variable...Engine, February 2008. Available from:<http://cafe.daum.net/_c21_/bbs_search_read?grpid=pf0W&fldid=DU6v&datanu m=267>. [4 April 2016] [6] Reviews Online, Displacement on Demand, January 2003. Available from:<http://www.reviewsonline.com/auto/GMDOD.htm>. [4 April 2016] [8], [9] NPTEL, Hydraulic and Pneumatic Controls, September 2013. Available from:<http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/112102011/6>. [4 April 2016]
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