This document outlines a study that used support vector machines (SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) to classify electrocardiogram (ECG) data. ECG data from 100 subjects across 4 databases was preprocessed and 12 morphological features were extracted. SVM was trained on 80% of the data and achieved 87% accuracy on the test set. ANN was trained with different numbers of hidden neurons and achieved highest accuracy of 93% with 24 neurons. While results were promising, limitations included inability to work with raw data and need for more accuracy. Future work proposed using more advanced neural networks and identifying most important features.

1. 1
Supervised by: Dr. Md. Kafiul Islam,
Assistant Professor, EEE, IUB

2. OUTLINE
 Introduction
 Motivation
 Electrocardiogram (ECG)
 Support vector machine (SVM)
 How SVM works (Linear)
 How SVM works (non-linear)
 Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
 Materials
 Method
 Pre-processing
 Morphological features
 Result and discussion (SVM)
 Comparison with related work
 Result and discussion (ANN)
 Conclusion
 Limitation
 Future work
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3. INTRODUCTION
ECG is a simple test
to visualize the
electrical activity of
the heart over a
period of time.
ECG classification is
done by machine
learning algorithm.
The machine
learning algorithm
are SVM and ANN
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4. MOTIVATION
Number 1 cause
of death is
cardio vascular
diseases
Gain knowledge
and work with
machine
learning
Create effective
and easier
classifier
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5. ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG)
 Another name EKG.
 Measured using sensors (electrodes).
 Heart rate, heart rhythm, indication of
heart diseases or heart attack etc.
 3 main components-
1. P wave
2. QRS complex
3. T wave
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6. ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG)
There are mainly 3 types of ECG
1.Resting
ECG
2.Stress or
exercise
ECG
3.Ambulatory
ECG
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7. SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE (SVM)
 Supervised machine learning algorithm.
 Commonly use in classification and regression analysis.
Other applications -
 Image classification,
 Text classification,
 Biological science etc.
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8. HOW SVM WORKS (LINEAR)
Original dataset Getting optimal
hyperplane 8

9. HOW SVM WORKS (NON-LINEAR)
Original dataset Data with separator
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10. HOW SVM WORKS (NON-LINEAR)
Transformed data
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11. ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK (ANN)
 Important subset of machine learning.
 It contains input, output and hidden layer.
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12. MATERIALS
 100 subjects (50 normal and 50 arrhythmia)
 Downloaded from physionet website
 4 different types of database-
1. Fantasia Database
2. MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm Database
3. MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database
4. Sudden Cardiac Death Holter Database
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13. METHOD
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14. PRE-PROCESSING
power line
interference
remover
• Notch filter
• 50 HZ and
harmonics
• 2nd order
Low pass filter
• 80 Hz
• 128th order
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15. MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES
Maximum heart
rate
Average heart
rate
Minimum heart
rate
Total number of
QRS
Number of
irregular beats
Percentage of
irregular beats
Number of
episodes with
consecutive
beats
Average PR
interval
Average QRS
interval
Average QTc
interval
Number of P
absence
Number of
consecutive P
absence
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16. RESULT AND DISCUSSION (SVM)
Dataset
divided into 2
set
Training
set (80%)
Test set
(20%)
Accuracy
is 87%
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17. COMPARISON WITH RELATED WORK
Related Project Database Method Accuracy
ECG feature extraction
and classification using
wavelet transform and
support vector machines
MIT-BIH
arrhythmia
2 different feature extraction
methods-The wavelet
transform and
autoregressive modeling
(AR)
99.68%
Domain adaptation
methods for ECG
classification
MIT-BIH
arrhythmia
(divided in 2 set)
Two kinds of features:
1) ECG morphology
features and 2) ECG
wavelet features with
QRS width.
97% and
91%
ECG beat classification
method for ECG printout
with Principle components
analysis and support
vector machines
MIT-BIH
arrhythmia
Discrete wavelet transform
(DWT) and principle
components analysis (PCA)
99.6367%
with LIBSVM
This project
Fantasia, MIT-
BIH normal
sinus rhythm,
MIT-BIH
Morphology Feature
extraction method (12
features) 87%
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18. RESULT AND DISCUSSION (ANN)
 Dataset divided into 3 set-
 Training set (70%)
 Validation set (15%)
 Test set (15%)
 Accuracy is 93% (number of
neurons 24)
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19. RESULT AND DISCUSSION (ANN)
 Performance changes with the number of hidden neurons
 For 10 hidden
neurons
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20. RESULT AND DISCUSSION (ANN)
 For 22 hidden neurons
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21. RESULT AND DISCUSSION (ANN)
 For 30 hidden neurons
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22. CONCLUSION
Pre-processing and feature
extraction done successfully
Successfully train SVM and
ANN.
The accuracy is good but nor
promising
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23. LIMITATION
Can not work with raw data.
Choosing SVM parameter.
Problem with big data.
New area.
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24. FUTURE WORK
Aim for more accuracy
More work with these features.
Finding most dominate features to work
with.
Work with advance neural network
(DNN and CNN)
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25. Thank you
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