- Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal illness in humans and nonhuman primates, with a high fatality rate of up to 90%.
- The virus is transmitted through contact with bodily fluids of infected animals or humans. During the 2014 outbreak in West Africa, over 17,000 cases were reported in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone.
- There is no approved vaccine or treatment, so care is supportive to maintain hydration and treat symptoms. Isolating patients suspected of infection and proper disposal of contaminated materials is crucial to control spread of the disease.
Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal illness in humans and nonhuman primates. The virus is transmitted through contact with bodily fluids of infected animals or humans. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain and bleeding. There is no approved vaccine or treatment, so care is supportive to maintain hydration and treat complications. The largest outbreak occurred in West Africa from 2014-2016 infecting over 28,000 people. India has had no outbreaks but has protocols to screen passengers from affected areas and isolate any suspected cases.
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever is a severe disease caused by the Ebola virus which originated in Africa. It spreads through contact with bodily fluids of infected humans or animals. Initial symptoms include fever, headache and muscle pain. Later symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea and internal/external bleeding. There is no approved vaccine or treatment, with supportive care being the standard. Prevention focuses on avoiding contact with infected patients and wildlife.
Ebola is a rare and deadly virus that causes hemorrhagic fever, which was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is transmitted through contact with body fluids of infected humans or animals. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain and bleeding. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, recovery depends on supportive care. Outbreaks typically occur in central and west Africa. The largest outbreak on record began in 2014 and affected Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Nigeria.
Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal illness in humans that causes hemorrhagic fever. It has a high fatality rate of up to 90% and outbreaks primarily occur in remote villages in Central and West Africa. The virus is transmitted through contact with blood and bodily fluids of infected humans or animals like fruit bats. Symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting and bleeding. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, supportive care such as fluid balance and oxygen can help treatment. Prevention relies on avoiding contact with infected areas, people, animals and remains.
The Ebola outbreak in West Africa has killed over 1,000 people and experimental treatments are being considered. While Ebola virus disease has a high fatality rate, the current outbreak's magnitude may be underestimated. Countries have taken extreme precautions like cordoning off infected areas, but health officials say such measures must proceed humanely. No approved vaccine or treatment exists, so controlling transmission through safe burials and protective equipment is critical.
The document provides information about Ebola virus disease (EVD) including how it spreads, symptoms, treatment, and prevention. It notes that EVD is currently affecting parts of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and surrounding countries. Key points include: EVD spreads through contact with bodily fluids and can survive on surfaces; symptoms include fever, vomiting and diarrhea; treatment focuses on rehydration and symptom management; prevention emphasizes handwashing, avoiding contact with infected individuals and animals, and promptly reporting potential exposures. The document outlines Burundi's preparedness efforts to detect and isolate potential cases through screening, training, and raising awareness.
Ebola virus disease is a severe, often fatal illness caused by the Ebola virus. The virus was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The 2014 outbreak in West Africa was the largest in history, infecting thousands and killing over 11,000. The virus is transmitted through direct contact with body fluids of infected humans or animals. Common symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain and weakness. While there is no approved vaccine, treatment involves supportive care to improve symptoms.
Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal illness in humans and nonhuman primates. The virus is transmitted through contact with bodily fluids of infected animals or humans. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain and bleeding. There is no approved vaccine or treatment, so care is supportive to maintain hydration and treat complications. The largest outbreak occurred in West Africa from 2014-2016 infecting over 28,000 people. India has had no outbreaks but has protocols to screen passengers from affected areas and isolate any suspected cases.
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever is a severe disease caused by the Ebola virus which originated in Africa. It spreads through contact with bodily fluids of infected humans or animals. Initial symptoms include fever, headache and muscle pain. Later symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea and internal/external bleeding. There is no approved vaccine or treatment, with supportive care being the standard. Prevention focuses on avoiding contact with infected patients and wildlife.
Ebola is a rare and deadly virus that causes hemorrhagic fever, which was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is transmitted through contact with body fluids of infected humans or animals. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain and bleeding. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, recovery depends on supportive care. Outbreaks typically occur in central and west Africa. The largest outbreak on record began in 2014 and affected Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Nigeria.
Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal illness in humans that causes hemorrhagic fever. It has a high fatality rate of up to 90% and outbreaks primarily occur in remote villages in Central and West Africa. The virus is transmitted through contact with blood and bodily fluids of infected humans or animals like fruit bats. Symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting and bleeding. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, supportive care such as fluid balance and oxygen can help treatment. Prevention relies on avoiding contact with infected areas, people, animals and remains.
The Ebola outbreak in West Africa has killed over 1,000 people and experimental treatments are being considered. While Ebola virus disease has a high fatality rate, the current outbreak's magnitude may be underestimated. Countries have taken extreme precautions like cordoning off infected areas, but health officials say such measures must proceed humanely. No approved vaccine or treatment exists, so controlling transmission through safe burials and protective equipment is critical.
The document provides information about Ebola virus disease (EVD) including how it spreads, symptoms, treatment, and prevention. It notes that EVD is currently affecting parts of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and surrounding countries. Key points include: EVD spreads through contact with bodily fluids and can survive on surfaces; symptoms include fever, vomiting and diarrhea; treatment focuses on rehydration and symptom management; prevention emphasizes handwashing, avoiding contact with infected individuals and animals, and promptly reporting potential exposures. The document outlines Burundi's preparedness efforts to detect and isolate potential cases through screening, training, and raising awareness.
Ebola virus disease is a severe, often fatal illness caused by the Ebola virus. The virus was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The 2014 outbreak in West Africa was the largest in history, infecting thousands and killing over 11,000. The virus is transmitted through direct contact with body fluids of infected humans or animals. Common symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain and weakness. While there is no approved vaccine, treatment involves supportive care to improve symptoms.
The document discusses Ebola, including that it originated in Liberia and has caused over 11,000 deaths. It spreads through direct contact with body fluids or tissues of infected people or animals. Those at highest risk are healthcare workers, family members of infected individuals, and those participating in funeral rituals involving direct contact with bodies. While there is no vaccine, treatment focuses on supportive care and fluid replacement. Proper handling by healthcare workers and regular hand washing are recommended to prevent spread.
The document provides information about Ebola virus disease, including how it is transmitted, symptoms, treatment and prevention. It is a severe, often fatal disease spread through direct contact with body fluids of infected people or animals. Common symptoms include fever, bleeding, and impaired organ function. There is currently no approved vaccine, though experimental treatments do exist. The largest Ebola outbreak began in West Africa in 2013 and spread across borders, infecting over 28,000 people. Education efforts to prevent transmission focus on avoiding contact with infected individuals and practicing good hygiene.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on Ebola virus disease (EVD). It provides an overview of EVD outbreaks, case definitions, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and control/prevention. Key points include: EVD is caused by infection with Ebola virus and transmitted through contact with infected body fluids; symptoms range from fever and fatigue to vomiting and hemorrhaging; diagnosis involves virus detection through antigen/antibody tests or PCR; treatment is supportive care as no vaccine currently exists; control relies on isolation, contact tracing, and barrier precautions.
This document summarizes information about Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, including that it is a severe and often fatal disease in humans and primates caused by the Ebola virus. It was initially recognized in 1976 and is transmitted through contact with infected animals or humans. Symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting and bleeding. Treatment is supportive and includes fluid balancing and infection treatment. Prevention relies on avoiding contact with infected individuals and animals.
Ebola virus disease is a serious and often fatal illness in humans. The virus is introduced through contact with infected wildlife like fruit bats or monkeys. It then spreads between humans through direct contact with bodily fluids of infected individuals. Common symptoms include fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. Later symptoms are vomiting, diarrhea, rash and impaired kidney and liver function. There is currently no approved vaccine or treatment, so prevention focuses on avoiding contact with infected animals or isolation of infected humans.
The document discusses Ebola virus disease (EVD), including that it is a deadly virus transmitted through contact with infected body fluids that causes hemorrhagic fever. It outlines the virus's history, symptoms, transmission, treatments being tested including vaccines, and current outbreak statistics showing exponential growth in West Africa.
This document provides an overview of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) for the purposes of training healthcare workers in Kenya. It begins with objectives to update participants on the ongoing EVD outbreak in Uganda and orient them to prevention and control strategies. It then covers the etiology of EVD, modes of transmission, clinical presentation and diagnosis. Treatment involves supportive care as there is no cure. Prevention strategies focus on avoiding contact with body fluids, safe burials, and increasing awareness. The training aims to build capacity to detect and respond to potential EVD cases spreading from Uganda into Kenya.
This document discusses Ebola virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and Dengue virus. It provides information on the diseases caused by these viruses including symptoms, transmission, treatment and prevention methods. It notes that the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa was the largest in history. It discusses Japanese encephalitis outbreaks in various regions of India and describes the JE virus. It also summarizes Dengue virus and the diseases it causes, its transmission via mosquitoes, diagnostic tests and research on Dengue vaccines.
The document discusses Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as Ebola. It provides information on the history, epidemiology, transmission, pathology, control, diagnosis, treatment, and the role of pharmacists regarding Ebola. Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in Africa and is a serious, often fatal disease in humans. It spreads through direct contact with body fluids from infected people or animals. Current treatment focuses on supportive care since there is no approved vaccine, though vaccines are in development.
The Ebola outbreak in West Africa that began in 2014 became the deadliest occurrence of the disease. It killed over five times as many people as all previous Ebola outbreaks combined. Ebola virus causes disease in humans and nonhuman primates. It is transmitted through direct contact with body fluids from infected individuals or contaminated surfaces. Symptoms include fever, headache, fatigue and bleeding. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, recovery depends on supportive care. Prevention requires careful hygiene practices and avoiding contact with infected individuals or animals.
In the absence of effective treatment and a human vaccine, raising awareness of the risk factors for Ebola infection and the protective measures individuals can take is the only way to reduce human infection and death.
Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal illness that causes bleeding and organ failure. It originated in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Ebola spreads through direct contact with body fluids from infected humans or animals. While the average fatality rate is around 50%, there are currently no approved vaccines. Ebola outbreaks have economic and social impacts like falling sales, rising unemployment, and restrictions on travel. To prevent Ebola, one should avoid infected areas and people, practice good hygiene, and seek medical help for any symptoms.
The document summarizes information about the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa, the Ebola virus itself, symptoms and transmission of Ebola virus disease, treatment and prevention. It provides statistics showing over 8,000 cases and 4,800 deaths across Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone as of October 2014. The Ebola virus is an RNA virus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates. Transmission occurs through contact with body fluids of infected people or contaminated materials. There is no approved vaccine but experimental treatments are being developed.
This document discusses Ebola virus disease, including its history, symptoms, transmission, treatment and recommendations for prevention. It notes that Ebola is a severe and often fatal disease caused by Ebola virus. Fruit bats are believed to be the natural reservoir, infecting non-human primates which can then transmit the virus to humans through contact with bodily fluids. Major outbreaks have occurred in Central and West Africa. There is no vaccine or cure, so treatment focuses on relieving symptoms while the body fights the infection. Strict isolation protocols and proper hygiene practices are necessary to prevent further transmission.
1) The document discusses the dengue vector Aedes aegypti mosquito, including its identification, life cycle, and breeding habitats.
2) It describes the transmission, symptoms, and treatment of dengue fever as well as dengue hemorrhagic fever.
3) Prevention and control of dengue involves reducing mosquito breeding sites and controlling mosquito populations through environmental management and chemical means.
Ebola virus Disease Preparedness PGIMER DR RMLHospital New Delhi August 2014seema wasnik
1. The document provides information on preparedness for Ebola virus disease, including its epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and hospital management guidelines.
2. It describes the Ebola virus, outbreak history, symptoms and transmission routes. Current outbreak is the largest reported by WHO with high mortality rates.
3. Guidelines are provided for isolation procedures, use of personal protective equipment, waste disposal, monitoring of exposures and management of suspected Ebola patients to prevent spread of the disease.
The document summarizes information about the Ebola virus. It is a severe infectious and often fatal disease that originated in Africa near the Ebola River. Ebola causes bleeding inside and outside the body and has a high fatality rate. While there is no licensed treatment, supportive care is provided to patients. A vaccine was approved in 2019 to help prevent the spread of the Zaire species of Ebola virus. Proper prevention, control methods, and vaccination are important to address future Ebola outbreaks.
In the absence of effective treatment and a human vaccine, raising awareness of the risk factors for Ebola infection and the protective measures individuals can take is the only way to reduce human infection and death.
The document discusses Ebola, including that it originated in Liberia and has caused over 11,000 deaths. It spreads through direct contact with body fluids or tissues of infected people or animals. Those at highest risk are healthcare workers, family members of infected individuals, and those participating in funeral rituals involving direct contact with bodies. While there is no vaccine, treatment focuses on supportive care and fluid replacement. Proper handling by healthcare workers and regular hand washing are recommended to prevent spread.
The document provides information about Ebola virus disease, including how it is transmitted, symptoms, treatment and prevention. It is a severe, often fatal disease spread through direct contact with body fluids of infected people or animals. Common symptoms include fever, bleeding, and impaired organ function. There is currently no approved vaccine, though experimental treatments do exist. The largest Ebola outbreak began in West Africa in 2013 and spread across borders, infecting over 28,000 people. Education efforts to prevent transmission focus on avoiding contact with infected individuals and practicing good hygiene.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on Ebola virus disease (EVD). It provides an overview of EVD outbreaks, case definitions, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and control/prevention. Key points include: EVD is caused by infection with Ebola virus and transmitted through contact with infected body fluids; symptoms range from fever and fatigue to vomiting and hemorrhaging; diagnosis involves virus detection through antigen/antibody tests or PCR; treatment is supportive care as no vaccine currently exists; control relies on isolation, contact tracing, and barrier precautions.
This document summarizes information about Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, including that it is a severe and often fatal disease in humans and primates caused by the Ebola virus. It was initially recognized in 1976 and is transmitted through contact with infected animals or humans. Symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting and bleeding. Treatment is supportive and includes fluid balancing and infection treatment. Prevention relies on avoiding contact with infected individuals and animals.
Ebola virus disease is a serious and often fatal illness in humans. The virus is introduced through contact with infected wildlife like fruit bats or monkeys. It then spreads between humans through direct contact with bodily fluids of infected individuals. Common symptoms include fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. Later symptoms are vomiting, diarrhea, rash and impaired kidney and liver function. There is currently no approved vaccine or treatment, so prevention focuses on avoiding contact with infected animals or isolation of infected humans.
The document discusses Ebola virus disease (EVD), including that it is a deadly virus transmitted through contact with infected body fluids that causes hemorrhagic fever. It outlines the virus's history, symptoms, transmission, treatments being tested including vaccines, and current outbreak statistics showing exponential growth in West Africa.
This document provides an overview of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) for the purposes of training healthcare workers in Kenya. It begins with objectives to update participants on the ongoing EVD outbreak in Uganda and orient them to prevention and control strategies. It then covers the etiology of EVD, modes of transmission, clinical presentation and diagnosis. Treatment involves supportive care as there is no cure. Prevention strategies focus on avoiding contact with body fluids, safe burials, and increasing awareness. The training aims to build capacity to detect and respond to potential EVD cases spreading from Uganda into Kenya.
This document discusses Ebola virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and Dengue virus. It provides information on the diseases caused by these viruses including symptoms, transmission, treatment and prevention methods. It notes that the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa was the largest in history. It discusses Japanese encephalitis outbreaks in various regions of India and describes the JE virus. It also summarizes Dengue virus and the diseases it causes, its transmission via mosquitoes, diagnostic tests and research on Dengue vaccines.
The document discusses Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as Ebola. It provides information on the history, epidemiology, transmission, pathology, control, diagnosis, treatment, and the role of pharmacists regarding Ebola. Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in Africa and is a serious, often fatal disease in humans. It spreads through direct contact with body fluids from infected people or animals. Current treatment focuses on supportive care since there is no approved vaccine, though vaccines are in development.
The Ebola outbreak in West Africa that began in 2014 became the deadliest occurrence of the disease. It killed over five times as many people as all previous Ebola outbreaks combined. Ebola virus causes disease in humans and nonhuman primates. It is transmitted through direct contact with body fluids from infected individuals or contaminated surfaces. Symptoms include fever, headache, fatigue and bleeding. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, recovery depends on supportive care. Prevention requires careful hygiene practices and avoiding contact with infected individuals or animals.
In the absence of effective treatment and a human vaccine, raising awareness of the risk factors for Ebola infection and the protective measures individuals can take is the only way to reduce human infection and death.
Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal illness that causes bleeding and organ failure. It originated in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Ebola spreads through direct contact with body fluids from infected humans or animals. While the average fatality rate is around 50%, there are currently no approved vaccines. Ebola outbreaks have economic and social impacts like falling sales, rising unemployment, and restrictions on travel. To prevent Ebola, one should avoid infected areas and people, practice good hygiene, and seek medical help for any symptoms.
The document summarizes information about the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa, the Ebola virus itself, symptoms and transmission of Ebola virus disease, treatment and prevention. It provides statistics showing over 8,000 cases and 4,800 deaths across Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone as of October 2014. The Ebola virus is an RNA virus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates. Transmission occurs through contact with body fluids of infected people or contaminated materials. There is no approved vaccine but experimental treatments are being developed.
This document discusses Ebola virus disease, including its history, symptoms, transmission, treatment and recommendations for prevention. It notes that Ebola is a severe and often fatal disease caused by Ebola virus. Fruit bats are believed to be the natural reservoir, infecting non-human primates which can then transmit the virus to humans through contact with bodily fluids. Major outbreaks have occurred in Central and West Africa. There is no vaccine or cure, so treatment focuses on relieving symptoms while the body fights the infection. Strict isolation protocols and proper hygiene practices are necessary to prevent further transmission.
1) The document discusses the dengue vector Aedes aegypti mosquito, including its identification, life cycle, and breeding habitats.
2) It describes the transmission, symptoms, and treatment of dengue fever as well as dengue hemorrhagic fever.
3) Prevention and control of dengue involves reducing mosquito breeding sites and controlling mosquito populations through environmental management and chemical means.
Ebola virus Disease Preparedness PGIMER DR RMLHospital New Delhi August 2014seema wasnik
1. The document provides information on preparedness for Ebola virus disease, including its epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and hospital management guidelines.
2. It describes the Ebola virus, outbreak history, symptoms and transmission routes. Current outbreak is the largest reported by WHO with high mortality rates.
3. Guidelines are provided for isolation procedures, use of personal protective equipment, waste disposal, monitoring of exposures and management of suspected Ebola patients to prevent spread of the disease.
The document summarizes information about the Ebola virus. It is a severe infectious and often fatal disease that originated in Africa near the Ebola River. Ebola causes bleeding inside and outside the body and has a high fatality rate. While there is no licensed treatment, supportive care is provided to patients. A vaccine was approved in 2019 to help prevent the spread of the Zaire species of Ebola virus. Proper prevention, control methods, and vaccination are important to address future Ebola outbreaks.
In the absence of effective treatment and a human vaccine, raising awareness of the risk factors for Ebola infection and the protective measures individuals can take is the only way to reduce human infection and death.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
3. • Ebola Virus Disease is a Severe, often fatal illness, with a death of up to
90%. The illness affects humans and nonhuman primates.
• Mainly a disease of primates like Fruit Bats, Chimpanzees , Gorilla ,Monkeys
• EVD spreads from an infected sick person to others when there is direct
contact with bodily fluids
4. • Ebola virus was isolated in 1976 near the Ebola river in Congo
• Most prevalent in Zaire and southern Sudan
• Attack rate is highest in < 1 yrs and 15 to 50 yrs of age
5. • West Africa in 2014 suffered largest outbreaks in which 17,900 cases were
reported
• In 2014 sporadic outbreaks occured in Guinea , Liberia , Sierra Leone ,
Nigeria
6.
7. The virus belong to
FILOVIRIDAE family
In general, ebolavirions
are 80 nanometers (nm)
in width and may be as
long as 14,000 nm.
8. VIRUS STRUCTURE
• Single stranded , linear , non segmented , negative – sense RNA virus
• Appears to have “spikes” due to glycoprotein on outside membrane
• Therefore , spreads rapidly.
9. EBOLA SUBSPECIES
Ebola virus has 5 identical sub species
• Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV)
• Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV)
• Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV)
• Tai Forest ebolavirus (TFEV)
• Reston ebolavirus (RESTV)
13. SOME PATIENTS MAY EXPERIENCE
• A rash
• Red eyes
• Coughs
• Sore throat
• Chest pain
• Difficulty breathing
• Bleeding inside and outside of body
14.
15. • Bleeding manifestation such as petechiae
and haemorrhage occurs in more then half of patients
• Central nervous system manifestation characterised by Somnolence, delirium
and coma
17. • Fruit Bat of Pteropodidae family are considered to be the natural host of
Ebola virus
18.
19. TRANSMISSION TO HUMANS
• The virus is transmitted to humans from wild animals
• Ebola is introduced through close contact with blood , secretions ,organ , or
other bodily fluids of infected animals
• In Africa , infection has been documented by the handling of infected
chimpanzees , fruit bats , monkeys , forest antelope
20. Bushmeat being prepared for cooking
in Ghana. In Africa, wild animals including
fruit bats are hunted for food and are
referred to as bushmeat. In equatorial
Africa, human consumption of bushmeat
has been linked to animal-to-human
transmission of diseases, including Ebola.
21. TRANSMISSION AMONG HUMANS
• Through direct contact with the blood or bodily fluids of infected
symptomatic person
• Through exposure to objects such as needle contaminated with infected
secretions
• Through sexual contacts or kissing because semen and saliva is also infective
22. TRANSMISSION IN HEALTH CARE
SETTING
• Exposure to virus can occur in hospital staff if they are not wearing
appropriate protective equipment such as mask , gowns and gloves
• Proper cleaning and disposal of instruments , such as needles and syringes is
important
• Proper sterilization of instrument
25. Diagnosis
• Diagnosing early Ebola infection is difficult because the symptoms are non
specific
• However if the person has early symptoms of ebola HF and there is reason
to believe that Ebola HF should be considered , the patient should be
isolated and public health professionals notified
• Samples from the patient can then be collected and tested to confirm
infection
26. Diagnosis
• Non-specific laboratory indicators of EVD include
low platelet count
an initially decreased WBC count followed by an increased WBC count
elevated liver enzymes ALT and AST
abnormalities in blood clotting often consistent with DIC such as a
prolonged PT, APTT, and bleeding time.
29. MAKING ECUs/CCCs
• These centres enable infected persons to receive basic, curative and palliative
care along with access to essentials including food, drink, clean clothing and
linens, while being isolated.
• It also reduce the transportation of patient and hence spread.
30. TRIAGE IN ECUs/CCCs
• Patients with suspected Ebola are isolated from others who do not have
Ebola to reduce the risk of transmission.
• Patients with suspected Ebola who need treatment can receive it quickly, to
improve their chance of survival;
31. PATIENT PRESENTS WITH
• Fever + contact = Suspected case – admit to ECU/CCC
• Fever + symptoms = Suspected case – admit to ECU/CCC
• Contact + symptoms = Suspected case – admit to ECU/CCC
32. PATIENT PRESENT WITH
• Fever only No other symptoms or contact = Not suspected case – go home
and monitor health
• Contact only No fever or other symptoms = Not suspected case – go home
and monitor health
• Symptoms only No fever or contact = Consider other causes and refer to
appropriate health facility if needed
33. CONTACT WITH EBOLA
In the past 3 weeks, has the person:
• Cared for sick person ?
• Washed the clothes of the person who was sick or dead
• Had sexual contact with person who has since died
• Touched the dead body
• Washed the dead body
• Touched a sick animal ( monkey , fruit bat )
34. SYMPTOMS INCLUDE ANY 3 OF
• DRY SYMPTOMS : - headache , extreme tiredness , loss of appetite ,
nausea, stomach pain , sore throat , breathing difficulty , muscle and joint
pain , red eyes , rash , hiccups
• WET SYMPTOMS : - diarrhoea, vomiting, bleeding (in vomit, stool or
urine), foetal loss, unusual or non-traumatic bleeding.
35. Treatment
• No specific drug or vaccine available
• Only supportive treatment available
• Maintain hydration and blood pressure by giving ORS/IVF
• Maintain oxygen saturation of blood > 90 % by giving oxygen or putting on
ventilators
• Correct any electrolyte imbalance
36. Treatment
• If bleeding occurs fresh whole blood can be given
• Antibiotics can be given for prevention of supernatant bacterial infection
• Good nursing care
37. Preventive strategies: Indian govt.
• All flights flying to India from West African countries should have an in flight
announcement informing travelers about Ebola symptoms and instructions to
follow on arrival & during flight.
• All airlines should keep
a. First aid kits, universal precaution kits as per the ICAO guidelines and
b. A stock of triple layer masks (25 Nos.), disposable hand gloves (around 25) hand
sanitizer and disposal bags: these are to be used for any passenger reporting with
symptoms of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) and co-passengers who are likely to have
contacted the disease.
38. Preventive strategies: Indian govt.
• Follow aircraft disinsection / disinfection procedures (as recommended by
WHO/ICAO).
39. Status of Ebola in India
• An Indian resident who tested positive for Ebola—and was cured—landed
in Delhi from Liberia in Nov,2014.
• The 26-year-old man was isolated in a facility at Delhi’s Indira Gandhi
International airport.
• His blood tested negative in India. The patient was kept in isolation in a
health facility at the airport until his semen tested negative (upto 3 months).
40. Current Status in World
• A total of 28,616 Ebola cases have been reported in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, with
11,310 deaths.
• On 29 December 2015, 42 days after the last person tested negative for a second time,
Guinea was declared free of Ebola transmission. At that time, a 90-day period of
heightened surveillance was announced.
• Dec, 2015 was the first time when that all three countries – Guinea, Liberia and Sierra
Leone – had stopped the original chains of transmission.
• It reoccurred in Sierra Leone on 14 January 2016. It was declared no longer an emergency
on 29 March 2016.