The document provides an overview of East Asia, focusing on China, Japan, the Korean peninsula, and surrounding regions. It discusses the transitional political situation in the region and the varied topography, including mountains, deserts, and earthquake-prone areas. It also summarizes the early cultural history and dynasties of China, as well as the colonial influence of European powers in the 19th century and the rise of nationalism and communism in China in the 20th century.

1. East Asia East Asia

2. East Asia East Asia consist of six political entities China Mongolia North Korea South Korea Japan Taiwan

3. East Asia One of the world’s cultural hearths, and China… continuous civilization-over 4000years

4. East Asia It is a realm in transition political entities… Why?

5. East Asia- transitional realm Taiwan is still regarded by mainland China as temporary wayward country

6. East Asia- transitional realm North Korea is not a full member of the United Nations, and the division between North and South Korea may be temporary

7. Natural Environment

8. Natural Environment Snowcapped mountains, vast deserts, cold climates, Earthquakes and tremors occur almost continuously

9. Recent Earth Quake May 12, 2008 Earthquake measuring 7.9 occurred in Sichuan Province, South East China

10. Natural Environment VAST AND VARIED TOPOGRAPHY

11. Major Geographic qualities Avalanche is a slide of large masses of snow and ice and mud down a mountain

12. Geographic qualities The three major rivers are: Huang He ( Yellow River)- in the north Chang Jiang ( Long River) also known as Yangzi Xi Jiang ( west River) in the south

13. Major Geographic qualities Population concentrations in the east, in river basins Interior most sparsely populated

14. Early Cultural History Jomon people, Origin is uncertain First to have crossed into Japan about 10,000- 12000 years ago

15. Ainu People Ainu people are the modern descendents of the Jomon. Subsisted on hunting, fishing.

16. Ainu People Only 20,000 persons living in northernmost Hokkaido trace their ancestors to the Ainu

17. Dynasty of China The Xia was the first documented dynasty in China (2200-1700 BC) Capital, Erlitou lasted for 4000 years ( 1911)

18. The Han Dynastic The Han Dynasty (206 BC- AD 220) was China’s formative period

19. Han Achievements Territorial expansion of China, Xian, also referred to as “the Rome of China” was the greatest city in the world Time of the Silk route-the most well-known trading route of ancient Chinese civilization. Authoritarian government and disciplined armies

20. Manchu dynastic last dynasty They were a minority group that controlled millions Their territorial expansion created for China, the largest empire ever. Their empire included Mongolia, much of Turkestan, Xizang (Tibet). Myanmar ( Burma) Crumbled under the European powers

21. 4000 YEARS OF DYNASTIC RULE

22. Regions Five geographic realms can be identified China Proper Xizang (Tibet) Xinjiang Mongolia Jakota Triangle

23. Regions of the realm China proper- eastern half; the core

24. Xizang The Tibet Autonomous Region Located on the Tibetan Plateau , the highest region on Earth sparsely populated

25. xinjiang Xinjiang- vast desert basin and mountain rims;

26. Mongolia It is the nineteenth largest state Population of around 2.9 million people

27. Jakota triangle The Jakota triangle Japan, south Korea, Taiwan rapid economic development

28. China, Extent and Environment

29. China, Extent and Environment China’s total area is slightly smaller than the United states including Alaska China has no west coast

30. Evolving China The teachings of Kongfuzi ( 551-479 BC) still known as Confucius, dominated Chinese life and thoughts for 20 years

31. Kongfuzi Kongfuzi abhorred supernatural mysticism Dismissed notions of divine ancestries of dynastic rulers Believes competence and merit should determine a person’s place in society He wrote the Confucius classics ,which consisted of 13 texts Until western influence began to erode their relevance, these 13 classics was the basis of education in China

32. A century of convulsion China’s cultural strength was a force that withstood European interferences None of the British manufactured good attracted the Chinese: Mechanical watch, British India textiles were ignored by the Chinese

33. A century of convulsion The British were confined to small peninsular outpost-Macau. Chinese minimized communication with the Europeans

34. Colonial Influence The colonial powers conquered China during the Manchu era, economically and Politically

35. Economically Economic- lower prices and better qualities of European commodities

36. Politically Politically Growing presence of English and the demand of European merchants created conflicts: Importation into China of Opium from British India Armed hostilities (The first Opium war 1839-1842) China was forced to Cede Hong Kong to the British The British opened five ports, Including Guangzhou (Canton), and Shanghai to foreign commerce

37. Colonial Sphere

38. China colonial control The German also obtained a lease on the city of Qingdao The French- Zhanjiang Portuguese- Held on to Macau The Russians took control over Liaodong Japan- Annexed Ryukyu Islands ( 1879) and Formosa ( Taiwan) in 1879

39. The Doctrine of Extraterritoriality

40. The Doctrine of Extraterritoriality European international law employed in China during the late 1800s Foreign states and their representatives are immune from the jurisdiction of the country in which they are based Sha Mian Island

41. China Revival Boxer rebellion in 1900 Formation of political parties – The nationalist (leader –Sun Yat-Sen) and the Chinese communist party ( prominent member-Mao Zedong) Aim: targeted foreign presence

42. China’s revival By 1927 foreigners began to run for their lives Communists were also pursued by the nationalist Mao and his cronies resisted the nationalist invasion

43. Japan in China Japan seized the opportunity over the nationalist and communist contest and took control over the Northeast China Chinese and Japanese war in 1937- the Nationalist party bore much of the brunt of the war The Japanese committed atrocities on the Chinese The communist party gained power China quickly resumed after the US-led western powers defeated Japan in 1945

44. Mao Zedong Leader of the communist party of China He ruled china from 1949 to 1976 His population policy resented any population control because such policy was deemed as a capitalist plot to constraint China’s human resources

45. China’s human geography

46. Population of China 1.6 billion Annual natural increase 0.7% (1970s - 3%) Doubling time : 100 years Life expectancy : 70 (males), 73 (females) TFR 1.8 born/women (1997) Only 10% of the land is arable and 69% of the population lives on this land

47. Population concentration

48. Economic and social problems State controlled economy. Energy shortage poorly developed transportation infrastructure Popular resistance have weakened china’s population control program.

49. Reorganization under communist 1950s- 1976 reconstruction and reform based on the soviet model Land was expropriated. Farming was collectivized. Industries were reorganized as state-owned communal enterprises. Emphasis on “heavy industry” Dramatic social changes- education, religion, population growth

50. XIZANG (TIBET) A harsh physical environment Sparsely populated Chinese control during the Manchu dynasty in 1720 Gained separate status in the late 19 th century China’s communist regime took control in the 1950s

51. Extra credit What is the relation between China and Tibet? Why does China want Tibet? Who is Dalai lama? What is the Future of Tibet with China?

52. Geography of Development Geographers view development process spatially Walt Rostow formulated a global model of the development process

53. Traditional Society Traditional society-engages in mainly subsistent farming, locked in rigid social structure, resists technological change

54. Precondition to take off stage Progressive leaders move the country toward greater flexibility. Openness and diversity. Old ways are abandoned, workers move from farming to manufacturing, Transport improves

55. Take off stage The country experiences a type of industrial revolution, Industrial urbanization Mass-production break through occurs

56. Drive to maturity Continued expansion of the economy brings with it sophisticated industrial specialization and increasing international stage

57. High Mass consumption High Mass consumption stage:- The society is marked by: High income, Widespread of goods and services Most workers are employed in the tertiary and quaternary economic sector

58. challenges of the theory

59. challenges of the theory Little account of core-periphery contrast within individual countries In China take off conditions ( stage 3) exist in much of the pacific rim, but other areas remain in stage 1

60. Hong Kong

61. Hong Kong Means “ fragrant harbor ”- an excellent deep water port Boomed during the Korean war 6 million people within 400 sq miles Economy is larger than half of the world’s countries 1 July 1997- British transferred control to china Hong Kong renamed Xian Gang Acquired a new status as China’s only special administrative region (sar)

62. Jakota Triangle

63. Jakota Triangle region This region consists of Japan Korea ( South) Taiwan

64. The Jakota Triangle region CHARACTERISTICS Great cities Enormous consumption of raw materials State-of-the-art industries Voluminous exports Global links Trades surpluses Rapid development CHALLENGES Social problems Political uncertainties Vulnerabilities

65. Japan historical outline For 250 years this policy enabled Japan to enjoy stability The Treaty of Kanagawa with the US in 1854, allowed Japan to open its ports and began to intensively modernize and industrialize.

66. Japan history…. It occupied Korea, Formosa (Taiwan), and southern Sakhalin Island. In 1933 Japan occupied Manchuria, and In 1937 it launched a full-scale invasion of China. Japan attacked US forces in 1941 - triggering America's entry into World War II After its defeat in World War II, Japan recovered to become an economic power and a staunch ally of the US

67. Meiji Restoration Modernizers took control of Japan in 1868 Japan turned to Britain for guidance in reforming their nation, an event known as Meiji Restoration Adopted aspects of the British model Launched a systematic study of the industrialized world Focus was on industrialization and education system

68. Impact of Britain on Japan Layout of cities, The construction of railroad networks, The organization of education Today, the Japanese, like the British, drive on the left side of the road Literacy: T otal population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2002)

69. Korea

70. Korea The size of “Idaho” but with a population of 73 million Turbulent political history : A dependency of China A colony of Japan’s Divided along the 38 th parallel by Allied Powers > WWII (1945) The division gave North Korea to the forces of the Soviet Union and the South Korea to those of the United States

71. Korea War (1950-1953) Communist forces from North Korea invaded the south in a forced unification drive A ceasefire line was drown in 1953

72. Korea Regional complimentarity, North Korea has raw materials south Korean needs and South Korea produces food that North Korea needs

73. NORTH-SOUTH CONTRASTS NORTH KOREA 55% of the land, 1/3 of the population, extremely rural Inefficient, non-productive agriculture Limited trade – former Soviet Union and China SOUTH KOREA 45% of the land, 2/3s of the population, highly urbanized Modern factories Intensive, increasingly mechanized agriculture Extensive trade – US, Japan, and Western Europe

74. South Korea South Korea has become a prosperous country by global standard Seoul is the capital with a population of 10 million

75. North Korea One of the poorest nation in the world Population 23.6 million Its Capital, Pyongyang, has a population one-fifth that of Seoul Its nuclear capability became an international concern in 2003. Multinational efforts, led by the United States, Russia, China, Japan and South Korea have proved futile

76. Does North Korea have nuclear Weapons?