Earthquakes presentation bn
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Earthquakes are caused by movements of tectonic plates underneath the Earth's surface along faults. Scientists use instruments like seismographs and magnetometers to detect and record earthquakes. While it is difficult to precisely predict earthquakes, some research has shown animals can sense them before they occur. Major earthquakes cause extensive damage by collapsing buildings and breaking gas pipes and power lines, which can lead to fires. Some of the most devastating earthquakes in recent history include those in Haiti in 2010, Chile in 2010, San Francisco in 1989, and Colombia in 1979.
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Earthquakes
Most earthquakes occur along tectonic plate boundaries and are caused by the buildup and sudden release of stress in rock. Rock can deform plastically or elastically under stress, and will break if stretched too far, releasing seismic energy. The type and strength of earthquake depends on the type of plate boundary, with transform boundaries producing moderate quakes, convergent boundaries producing strong deep quakes, and divergent boundaries producing weak shallow quakes.
1. Earthquake and Faults
Convection currents in the earth's mantle cause the movement of tectonic plates. Faults form at the boundaries of these plates where the rocks are weak. When stress builds up along fault lines from the movement of plates, it causes the faults to slip suddenly and generate earthquakes. There are three main types of faults - normal, reverse, and strike-slip - which move in different ways due to tensional, compressional, or shear stresses. Active faults have generated earthquakes within the last 10,000 years and may continue to do so, while inactive faults have not produced quakes recently but could still be capable of generating future seismic activity.
Earthquakes, mountains, volcanoes and valleys
All you need to know about what Plate tectonics cause. Write down subduction, mountain building and how they work.
Relationship between fault and earthquake
This document contains information about a lesson on earthquakes. It includes objectives, standards, and activities about earthquakes and faults. The lesson will have students use models to explain how movement along faults generates earthquakes. It will also have them differentiate between the epicenter and focus of an earthquake. Activities include creating a model of the layers of the Earth, an inquiry lab involving sand and styrofoam to show what parts of Earth experience earthquakes, and a discussion of different types of faults.
Faults in the Philippine Setting
This document discusses earthquakes and seismic waves. It begins by defining key terms like mid-ocean ridges and trenches. It then describes how seismographs and seismometers are used to record earthquake waves. There are three main types of seismic waves - P waves, S waves, and surface waves - that provide information about the interior of the Earth. The document later distinguishes between earthquake magnitude and intensity scales and discusses preparations that can be made for earthquakes.
Earthquake
An earthquake occurs when two tectonic plates suddenly slip past each other or collide, releasing stored elastic strain energy in the Earth's crust. The epicenter of an earthquake is where the seismic waves originate, and damage is most severe near the epicenter. Some of the most earthquake prone areas globally include Japan, Indonesia, the United States, New Zealand, Chile, and Mexico. When an earthquake strikes with no time to evacuate a building, people should take shelter under a table or desk to protect themselves from falling debris.
Earthquakes(1)
This document discusses different types of earthquakes, including tectonic, volcanic, collapse, and explosion earthquakes. It describes seismic waves and how they are studied by seismologists using seismographs. P-waves and S-waves are body waves that travel through the earth's interior, while surface waves such as Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel along the surface. Earthquake damage results from these waves and can include landslides, building damage, and liquefaction. The intensity of earthquakes is measured using the Modified Mercalli scale.
Ch. 2, section 3 Internal Forces
The movement of tectonic plates causes various geological phenomena including volcanoes, mountains, and earthquakes. There are three types of plate boundaries - divergent where plates move apart, convergent where they collide in subduction or collision zones, and transform where they slide past each other. Earthquakes occur when stress builds up at faults until the plates suddenly slip, releasing energy. Large earthquakes can generate tsunamis through displacement of water. Volcanoes form at plate boundaries as magma rises from below the crust.
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Earthquakes
Most earthquakes occur along tectonic plate boundaries and are caused by the buildup and sudden release of stress in rock. Rock can deform plastically or elastically under stress, and will break if stretched too far, releasing seismic energy. The type and strength of earthquake depends on the type of plate boundary, with transform boundaries producing moderate quakes, convergent boundaries producing strong deep quakes, and divergent boundaries producing weak shallow quakes.
1. Earthquake and Faults
Convection currents in the earth's mantle cause the movement of tectonic plates. Faults form at the boundaries of these plates where the rocks are weak. When stress builds up along fault lines from the movement of plates, it causes the faults to slip suddenly and generate earthquakes. There are three main types of faults - normal, reverse, and strike-slip - which move in different ways due to tensional, compressional, or shear stresses. Active faults have generated earthquakes within the last 10,000 years and may continue to do so, while inactive faults have not produced quakes recently but could still be capable of generating future seismic activity.
Earthquakes, mountains, volcanoes and valleys
All you need to know about what Plate tectonics cause. Write down subduction, mountain building and how they work.
Relationship between fault and earthquake
This document contains information about a lesson on earthquakes. It includes objectives, standards, and activities about earthquakes and faults. The lesson will have students use models to explain how movement along faults generates earthquakes. It will also have them differentiate between the epicenter and focus of an earthquake. Activities include creating a model of the layers of the Earth, an inquiry lab involving sand and styrofoam to show what parts of Earth experience earthquakes, and a discussion of different types of faults.
Faults in the Philippine Setting
This document discusses earthquakes and seismic waves. It begins by defining key terms like mid-ocean ridges and trenches. It then describes how seismographs and seismometers are used to record earthquake waves. There are three main types of seismic waves - P waves, S waves, and surface waves - that provide information about the interior of the Earth. The document later distinguishes between earthquake magnitude and intensity scales and discusses preparations that can be made for earthquakes.
Earthquake
An earthquake occurs when two tectonic plates suddenly slip past each other or collide, releasing stored elastic strain energy in the Earth's crust. The epicenter of an earthquake is where the seismic waves originate, and damage is most severe near the epicenter. Some of the most earthquake prone areas globally include Japan, Indonesia, the United States, New Zealand, Chile, and Mexico. When an earthquake strikes with no time to evacuate a building, people should take shelter under a table or desk to protect themselves from falling debris.
Earthquakes(1)
This document discusses different types of earthquakes, including tectonic, volcanic, collapse, and explosion earthquakes. It describes seismic waves and how they are studied by seismologists using seismographs. P-waves and S-waves are body waves that travel through the earth's interior, while surface waves such as Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel along the surface. Earthquake damage results from these waves and can include landslides, building damage, and liquefaction. The intensity of earthquakes is measured using the Modified Mercalli scale.
Ch. 2, section 3 Internal Forces
The movement of tectonic plates causes various geological phenomena including volcanoes, mountains, and earthquakes. There are three types of plate boundaries - divergent where plates move apart, convergent where they collide in subduction or collision zones, and transform where they slide past each other. Earthquakes occur when stress builds up at faults until the plates suddenly slip, releasing energy. Large earthquakes can generate tsunamis through displacement of water. Volcanoes form at plate boundaries as magma rises from below the crust.
Earth Science 5.2 : Earthquake Measurement
Seismographs are used to detect earthquakes and locate their epicenters. Scientists use seismograms from multiple seismographs to determine the time an earthquake's waves arrived using the S-P Time Method, locating the epicenter above the focus where it began. The Richter scale measures an earthquake's magnitude based on the ground motion recorded, adjusted for distance to the seismograph. The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale further describes earthquake impacts from I (not felt) to XII (total damage), with higher intensities nearer the epicenter.
2.1 2.2 epicenter and focus and magnitude and intensity.pptx
The focus is the point where rock breaks during an earthquake and seismic waves begin, which can be at deep or shallow depths. The epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the focus and is usually what is used to locate the position of an earthquake. Magnitude measures the strength of energy released during an earthquake using the Richter scale, while intensity measures the damage or effects based on the Mercalli or PEIS scales.
Earthquake
An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that generates seismic waves. Faults in the crust result from tectonic plate movements and cause earthquakes when the rocks on either side slip past each other due to accumulated elastic strain. The focus is the point where slippage originates underground, while the epicenter is the point directly above on the surface. Seismographs installed worldwide record earthquake ground motions to study seismic activity.
Earthquakes and faults
An earthquake is caused by the sudden release of stored energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Faults in the Earth's surface develop from movement or displacement of rock and are zones of weakness where earthquakes can occur. There are three main types of faults - strike-slip, normal, and reverse - which are defined by the movement of the rock on either side. Seismographs use a pendulum that remains fixed while the ground moves beneath it to record the intensity and duration of seismic waves, including primary P waves, secondary S waves, and surface L waves, generated by earthquakes.
The Faults from within Earth
This document discusses faults and earthquakes. It describes how faults are fractures in the Earth's crust where earthquakes occur. There are different types of stresses that can cause faults, such as tensional, compressional, and shear stresses. Active faults have generated earthquakes within the last 10,000 years and may continue to do so, while inactive faults are not likely to produce future quakes. When rocks break along a fault, stored elastic energy is released as seismic energy in the form of seismic waves, causing earthquakes. Earthquakes are recorded by modern seismographs that detect seismic waves and produce seismograms. Earthquake preparedness is important, as described in the final section.
Earthquake2
On January 17, 1995, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck Kobe, Japan, killing over 5,000 people and making over 300,000 homeless. The 20-second quake caused $100 billion in damage to infrastructure and buildings. Earthquakes occur when blocks of the earth slip past one another at fault lines, releasing stored elastic energy in seismic waves.
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The document summarizes information about earthquakes, including their causes, effects, and measurement. It specifically discusses the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan, noting that it was a magnitude 9.0 quake near Japan's northeast coast. The earthquake caused widespread damage through tsunamis, landslides, and collapsed buildings. It severely impacted Japan's economy and infrastructure, destroying homes and workplaces while injuring many people.
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The document summarizes information about earthquakes and seismic waves. It describes how earthquakes are measured on the Richter scale and quantified by magnitude. It outlines the two main types of seismic waves - body waves and surface waves - and the types of damage caused by earthquakes, such as landslides, collapsed buildings, and tsunamis. It provides details about a specific earthquake that occurred in Japan in 2011, measuring 9.0 in magnitude, and its effects on the local environment, infrastructure, economy, and loss of life.
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The document discusses plate tectonics and earthquakes. It explains that earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates. The point within the earth where faulting begins is called the focus or hypocenter. Above the focus at the surface is the epicenter. Tectonic plates slowly move across Earth's surface and interact at their boundaries, causing earthquakes and volcanic activity. Plate tectonics provides a unified theory for major surface processes, earthquake and volcano distribution, and mountain building.
Earthquake Engineering 2012 Lecture 0101 Introduction
This document discusses earthquake engineering and defines its key terms. Earthquake engineering is the branch of engineering focused on mitigating earthquake hazards. It involves investigating earthquake problems, developing solutions, and applying those solutions through earthquake-resistant planning, design, construction and management. The document defines an earthquake and lists various sources of ground movements. It also outlines several seismic hazards caused by earthquakes, such as building and bridge collapses, landslides, fires and slope failures. Specific examples of failures from past earthquakes are also shown.
Earthquake seismology
Earthquake seismology uses seismic waves generated by earthquakes to study the interior of the Earth. Seismic waves are detected by seismographs and include P-waves, S-waves, and surface waves. The location and depth of the initial rupture point within the Earth is known as the hypocenter and epicenter, respectively. Larger earthquakes with shallower depths typically cause more damage. Earthquake magnitude represents the energy released while intensity refers to the strength of shaking experienced at a particular location.
Earthquake ppt
Advanced earthquake monitoring techniques allow for more accurate earthquake detection and analysis. New monitoring stations have over 600 sensors installed. Shake maps can now be created for major cities to show seismic shaking. The 3D Full-Scale Earthquake Testing Facility in Japan will replicate large earthquakes to test building designs. Instrumenting buildings provides data to engineer earthquake-resistant structures. Improved monitoring through networks of sensors helps provide warning of impending shaking and tsunamis.
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Scientists measure the magnitude of an earthquake using the Richter scale, which quantifies the amount of energy released by the earthquake based on the amplitude of seismic waves recorded by seismographs. The larger the amplitude, the higher the magnitude.
2005 Kashmir Earthquake
The document summarizes a report about the 2005 Kashmir earthquake. It describes how the 7.6 magnitude earthquake struck northern Pakistan and affected other parts of Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan. Over 80,000 people lost their lives and 250,000 lost their homes, making it one of the deadliest earthquakes in Pakistan's history. The earthquake was caused by shifting of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. Areas close to the epicenter, like Muzaffarabad, experienced the strongest shaking and most damage.
Pressonand walker
An earthquake occurs due to a sudden release of energy and is measured by its magnitude on the moment magnitude scale. Earthquakes can cause significant damage by collapsing buildings, bridges, and houses, and resulting in loss of life. Different types of waves are produced during an earthquake including surface waves and body waves such as P and S waves. The 2011 Tohoku earthquake in northeastern Japan was a magnitude 9.0 quake that caused radiation exposure, loss of life and housing, and damage to businesses and infrastructure, disrupting the economy. It also moved GPS sensors due to elastic rebound theory. Associated tsunamis, caused by displacement of large volumes of water, can reach heights of 120 feet and speeds of 500
Earthquakes Unit Presentation
This document provides resources for a unit on earthquakes, including:
- A unit guide with notes, activities, links, and podcasts about earthquakes
- Vocabulary terms and objectives for different lessons on topics like seismic waves, locating epicenters, plate tectonics, the earth's interior structure, and convection currents
- Student worksheets, inquiries, and links to videos and readings to help explain earthquake-related concepts like fault movement and plate boundaries
Basics of earthquake engineering
This document provides an introduction to basics of earthquake engineering. It discusses that earthquakes are natural hazards that often cause widespread destruction and loss of life. It then describes how earthquakes originate from convection currents in the mantle, resulting in the movement of tectonic plates. When the strain along plate interfaces exceeds rocks' strength, it causes sudden movements that release seismic waves. These waves are measured using seismographs and can be of different types depending on how they travel. India is classified into different seismic zones based on past earthquake activity and future risk.
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING 1
This document discusses several topics related to earthquakes and earthquake engineering:
- Earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates along fault lines in the earth's crust.
- The interior structure of the earth is layered, with a solid crust, highly viscous mantle, liquid outer core, and solid inner core.
- Earthquake ground motions can be amplified by local surface geology and sediment thickness, influencing seismic damage. Proper understanding of ground conditions is important for hazard assessment and mitigation.
Earthquake and its causes
Earthquake is a tragedy to life and property. Here its possible causes , effects and hazards they cause are discussed.
PLATE TECTONICS(GRADE10SCIENCE 1STQUARTER MODULE1)
This tacklesabout locating epicenter,3 typesof plate boundaries hotspot.
A ppt presentation for module 1 in 1st quarter in grade 10sciencein the Philippines.
Feel free tomessage mefor any corrections/suggestions forimprovement.
Earthquakes: An Introduction
The document discusses earthquakes and seismic waves. It explains that there are three main types of seismic waves - P waves, S waves, and surface waves. P waves travel fastest and involve compressions and expansions, while S waves are slower and involve shaking side to side and up and down. The speed of seismic waves depends on the type of wave and the density of the rock. The document also discusses the San Andreas Fault in California in detail.
Earthquake.pptx
1) The document discusses causes, effects, and measurement of earthquakes. It describes how earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy from movement of tectonic plates or volcanic activity.
2) Key terms are defined, such as focus, epicenter, and different types of faults. Different types of seismic waves - P, S, Rayleigh, and Love waves - are also explained.
3) Examples are given of major earthquakes, including the 2005 Kashmir earthquake that killed over 80,000 people in Pakistan, India and Afghanistan.
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Earth Science 5.2 : Earthquake Measurement
Seismographs are used to detect earthquakes and locate their epicenters. Scientists use seismograms from multiple seismographs to determine the time an earthquake's waves arrived using the S-P Time Method, locating the epicenter above the focus where it began. The Richter scale measures an earthquake's magnitude based on the ground motion recorded, adjusted for distance to the seismograph. The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale further describes earthquake impacts from I (not felt) to XII (total damage), with higher intensities nearer the epicenter.
2.1 2.2 epicenter and focus and magnitude and intensity.pptx
The focus is the point where rock breaks during an earthquake and seismic waves begin, which can be at deep or shallow depths. The epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the focus and is usually what is used to locate the position of an earthquake. Magnitude measures the strength of energy released during an earthquake using the Richter scale, while intensity measures the damage or effects based on the Mercalli or PEIS scales.
Earthquake
An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that generates seismic waves. Faults in the crust result from tectonic plate movements and cause earthquakes when the rocks on either side slip past each other due to accumulated elastic strain. The focus is the point where slippage originates underground, while the epicenter is the point directly above on the surface. Seismographs installed worldwide record earthquake ground motions to study seismic activity.
Earthquakes and faults
An earthquake is caused by the sudden release of stored energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Faults in the Earth's surface develop from movement or displacement of rock and are zones of weakness where earthquakes can occur. There are three main types of faults - strike-slip, normal, and reverse - which are defined by the movement of the rock on either side. Seismographs use a pendulum that remains fixed while the ground moves beneath it to record the intensity and duration of seismic waves, including primary P waves, secondary S waves, and surface L waves, generated by earthquakes.
The Faults from within Earth
This document discusses faults and earthquakes. It describes how faults are fractures in the Earth's crust where earthquakes occur. There are different types of stresses that can cause faults, such as tensional, compressional, and shear stresses. Active faults have generated earthquakes within the last 10,000 years and may continue to do so, while inactive faults are not likely to produce future quakes. When rocks break along a fault, stored elastic energy is released as seismic energy in the form of seismic waves, causing earthquakes. Earthquakes are recorded by modern seismographs that detect seismic waves and produce seismograms. Earthquake preparedness is important, as described in the final section.
Earthquake2
On January 17, 1995, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck Kobe, Japan, killing over 5,000 people and making over 300,000 homeless. The 20-second quake caused $100 billion in damage to infrastructure and buildings. Earthquakes occur when blocks of the earth slip past one another at fault lines, releasing stored elastic energy in seismic waves.
Earthquake+project
The document summarizes information about earthquakes, including their causes, effects, and measurement. It specifically discusses the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan, noting that it was a magnitude 9.0 quake near Japan's northeast coast. The earthquake caused widespread damage through tsunamis, landslides, and collapsed buildings. It severely impacted Japan's economy and infrastructure, destroying homes and workplaces while injuring many people.
Brendan,rocco+philly
The document summarizes information about earthquakes and seismic waves. It describes how earthquakes are measured on the Richter scale and quantified by magnitude. It outlines the two main types of seismic waves - body waves and surface waves - and the types of damage caused by earthquakes, such as landslides, collapsed buildings, and tsunamis. It provides details about a specific earthquake that occurred in Japan in 2011, measuring 9.0 in magnitude, and its effects on the local environment, infrastructure, economy, and loss of life.
Earthquake 01
The document discusses plate tectonics and earthquakes. It explains that earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates. The point within the earth where faulting begins is called the focus or hypocenter. Above the focus at the surface is the epicenter. Tectonic plates slowly move across Earth's surface and interact at their boundaries, causing earthquakes and volcanic activity. Plate tectonics provides a unified theory for major surface processes, earthquake and volcano distribution, and mountain building.
Earthquake Engineering 2012 Lecture 0101 Introduction
This document discusses earthquake engineering and defines its key terms. Earthquake engineering is the branch of engineering focused on mitigating earthquake hazards. It involves investigating earthquake problems, developing solutions, and applying those solutions through earthquake-resistant planning, design, construction and management. The document defines an earthquake and lists various sources of ground movements. It also outlines several seismic hazards caused by earthquakes, such as building and bridge collapses, landslides, fires and slope failures. Specific examples of failures from past earthquakes are also shown.
Earthquake seismology
Earthquake seismology uses seismic waves generated by earthquakes to study the interior of the Earth. Seismic waves are detected by seismographs and include P-waves, S-waves, and surface waves. The location and depth of the initial rupture point within the Earth is known as the hypocenter and epicenter, respectively. Larger earthquakes with shallower depths typically cause more damage. Earthquake magnitude represents the energy released while intensity refers to the strength of shaking experienced at a particular location.
Earthquake ppt
Advanced earthquake monitoring techniques allow for more accurate earthquake detection and analysis. New monitoring stations have over 600 sensors installed. Shake maps can now be created for major cities to show seismic shaking. The 3D Full-Scale Earthquake Testing Facility in Japan will replicate large earthquakes to test building designs. Instrumenting buildings provides data to engineer earthquake-resistant structures. Improved monitoring through networks of sensors helps provide warning of impending shaking and tsunamis.
4.2 recording earthquakes
Scientists measure the magnitude of an earthquake using the Richter scale, which quantifies the amount of energy released by the earthquake based on the amplitude of seismic waves recorded by seismographs. The larger the amplitude, the higher the magnitude.
2005 Kashmir Earthquake
The document summarizes a report about the 2005 Kashmir earthquake. It describes how the 7.6 magnitude earthquake struck northern Pakistan and affected other parts of Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan. Over 80,000 people lost their lives and 250,000 lost their homes, making it one of the deadliest earthquakes in Pakistan's history. The earthquake was caused by shifting of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. Areas close to the epicenter, like Muzaffarabad, experienced the strongest shaking and most damage.
Pressonand walker
An earthquake occurs due to a sudden release of energy and is measured by its magnitude on the moment magnitude scale. Earthquakes can cause significant damage by collapsing buildings, bridges, and houses, and resulting in loss of life. Different types of waves are produced during an earthquake including surface waves and body waves such as P and S waves. The 2011 Tohoku earthquake in northeastern Japan was a magnitude 9.0 quake that caused radiation exposure, loss of life and housing, and damage to businesses and infrastructure, disrupting the economy. It also moved GPS sensors due to elastic rebound theory. Associated tsunamis, caused by displacement of large volumes of water, can reach heights of 120 feet and speeds of 500
Earthquakes Unit Presentation
This document provides resources for a unit on earthquakes, including:
- A unit guide with notes, activities, links, and podcasts about earthquakes
- Vocabulary terms and objectives for different lessons on topics like seismic waves, locating epicenters, plate tectonics, the earth's interior structure, and convection currents
- Student worksheets, inquiries, and links to videos and readings to help explain earthquake-related concepts like fault movement and plate boundaries
Basics of earthquake engineering
This document provides an introduction to basics of earthquake engineering. It discusses that earthquakes are natural hazards that often cause widespread destruction and loss of life. It then describes how earthquakes originate from convection currents in the mantle, resulting in the movement of tectonic plates. When the strain along plate interfaces exceeds rocks' strength, it causes sudden movements that release seismic waves. These waves are measured using seismographs and can be of different types depending on how they travel. India is classified into different seismic zones based on past earthquake activity and future risk.
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING 1
This document discusses several topics related to earthquakes and earthquake engineering:
- Earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates along fault lines in the earth's crust.
- The interior structure of the earth is layered, with a solid crust, highly viscous mantle, liquid outer core, and solid inner core.
- Earthquake ground motions can be amplified by local surface geology and sediment thickness, influencing seismic damage. Proper understanding of ground conditions is important for hazard assessment and mitigation.
Earthquake and its causes
Earthquake is a tragedy to life and property. Here its possible causes , effects and hazards they cause are discussed.
PLATE TECTONICS(GRADE10SCIENCE 1STQUARTER MODULE1)
This tacklesabout locating epicenter,3 typesof plate boundaries hotspot.
A ppt presentation for module 1 in 1st quarter in grade 10sciencein the Philippines.
Feel free tomessage mefor any corrections/suggestions forimprovement.
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2.1 2.2 epicenter and focus and magnitude and intensity.pptx
2.1 2.2 epicenter and focus and magnitude and intensity.pptx
Earthquake Engineering 2012 Lecture 0101 Introduction
Earthquake Engineering 2012 Lecture 0101 Introduction
PLATE TECTONICS(GRADE10SCIENCE 1STQUARTER MODULE1)
PLATE TECTONICS(GRADE10SCIENCE 1STQUARTER MODULE1)
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Earthquakes: An Introduction
The document discusses earthquakes and seismic waves. It explains that there are three main types of seismic waves - P waves, S waves, and surface waves. P waves travel fastest and involve compressions and expansions, while S waves are slower and involve shaking side to side and up and down. The speed of seismic waves depends on the type of wave and the density of the rock. The document also discusses the San Andreas Fault in California in detail.
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1) The document discusses causes, effects, and measurement of earthquakes. It describes how earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy from movement of tectonic plates or volcanic activity.
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3) Examples are given of major earthquakes, including the 2005 Kashmir earthquake that killed over 80,000 people in Pakistan, India and Afghanistan.
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1) The document provides information about earthquakes, including 10 interesting facts about earthquakes, details about the 1960 Valdivia earthquake in Chile that was the most powerful ever recorded, and descriptions of the San Andreas fault line, the Richter scale, and divergent and thrust fault boundaries.
2) The 1960 Valdivia earthquake in Chile was measured at 9.5 on the moment magnitude scale and caused devastating tsunamis across the Pacific Ocean.
3) The Richter scale, developed by Charles Richter, assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake based on a logarithmic scale.
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Earthquake
Earthquakes have been recorded throughout history. Seismology is the study of earthquakes and seismic waves. There are different types of seismic waves that move in different ways through the earth, including body waves like P waves and S waves, and surface waves like Love waves and Rayleigh waves. The focus is the point where rocks start to fracture during an earthquake, and the epicenter is the point directly above the focus on the earth's surface. Earthquakes can be shallow or deep, and commonly occur at plate boundaries. It is important to have emergency plans and supplies to stay safe during and after an earthquake.
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Earthquakes are the shaking, rolling or sudden shock of the earth’s surface. They are the Earth's natural means of releasing stress. Earthquakes can be felt over large areas.
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Earth quake
Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of built-up strain energy along fault lines in the Earth's crust. Faults occur at boundaries between tectonic plates where the plates slide past each other. There are different types of faults such as normal, reverse, strike-slip and oblique. Earthquake waves called seismic waves radiate out from the hypocenter or focus of the earthquake. P-waves and S-waves are two types of seismic waves that travel through the Earth. Surface waves including Rayleigh and Love waves cause the most damage during an earthquake. Factors like magnitude, distance from the epicenter, local geology can influence earthquake intensity.
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The document provides information about earthquakes, including:
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2. Major factors that cause earthquakes are the movement of tectonic plates and release of energy from within the Earth. Earthquakes typically occur along plate boundaries and faults in the lithosphere.
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Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of built-up energy along fault lines in the earth's crust. They begin at a focal point below the surface and radiate seismic waves outward. The location directly above the focus on the surface is called the epicenter, and it is where the most damage typically occurs. Earthquakes are measured using the Richter scale, which quantifies the amount of energy released. Areas near tectonic plate boundaries and fault lines are more prone to earthquakes.
Earthquake Notes Summary
Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of built-up energy along fault lines in the earth's crust. They begin at a focal point below the surface and radiate seismic waves outward. The location directly above the focus on the earth's surface is called the epicenter, which is important for understanding where damage and shaking will be strongest. Earthquakes are measured on the Richter scale, which quantifies the amount of energy released. Areas near fault lines are more susceptible to earthquakes, and the severity of shaking and damage depends on the quake's magnitude, distance from the epicenter, and local geology.
san andres fault line
Transform plate boundaries are locations where two tectonic plates slide past one another along a transform fault like the San Andreas Fault. The plates move a few inches per year, but not steadily - they can lock up with no movement and then slip a few feet during an earthquake as the built-up strain breaks the rock. Earthquakes along transform faults are usually shallow since they occur within plates rather than at subduction zones. Research on the San Andreas Fault includes studying heat flow, stress, and fault mechanics using borehole sensors, as well as recording strong ground motions during quakes. The probability of a large quake on the San Andreas Fault in the next 30 years is about 21%.
earthquake.pptx
The most devastating earthquake in Philippine history occurred in 1976 in Mindanao, causing over 8,000 deaths. Scientists have warned that a powerful earthquake called the "Big One" could strike the West Valley Fault near Manila, potentially killing 34,000 people. Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of built-up energy in the Earth's crust from plate tectonics and fault movements, producing seismic waves.
earthquake
An earthquake also known as a quake, tremor or temblor is the perceptible shaking of the surface of the Earth, which can be violent enough to destroy major buildings and kill thousands of people. The severity of the shaking can range from barely felt to violent enough to toss people around. Earthquakes have destroyed whole cities. They result from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time.
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Earthquakes presentation bn
- 1. Earthquakes Kevin Melo. Listening and Speaking V
- 2. Vocabulary Forecast: to estimate how something will be in the future Fault: A fracture zone in rock along which movement has occurred. Magnetometer: An instrument designed to measure the strength and character of Earth's magnetic field. Seismograph: an instrument that automatically detects and record the intensity, direction and duration of earthquake and similar events. Layer: a single thickness of some material covering a surface
- 3. Earthquakes are caused by movements of plates underneath the Earth's surface. The places where these plates meet are breaks in the Earth's crust called faults. Earthquakes often happen when these plates along the faults move in different directions
- 4. The San Andreas Fault: is a long transform fault in California. Movements along this plate edge have caused huge earthquakes in the cities of San Francisco and Los Angeles Usually active volcanoes occur near the edges of plates that are moving apart or colliding. Also earthquakes are common in these regions too. (Ring of fire)
- 5. Is Possible Predict Earthquakes? In 1975, Chinese scientists correctly predicted an earthquake and saved their the lives of many people. But scientists have not yet found sure way of forecasting them
- 6. What Instruments Record Earthquakes? Magnetometer to warn of magnetic field changes Seismograph to warn of underground vibrations
- 7. Animals Sense Earthquakes Scientist have noticed that animals often behave strangely before an earthquake. Horses rear up, dogs bark and snakes come out of holes in the ground.
- 8. Seaquake (tsunami) A Seaquake is a series of large waves of extremely long wavelength and period usually generated by a violent, impulsive undersea disturbance or activity near the coast or in the ocean.
- 9. How do earthquakes cause damage? Earthquakes make buildings sway and wobble until they collapse. The shaking sometimes: Break gas pipes Causes electrical short-circuits Starting fires
- 10. Haiti - January 12, 2010 316.000 people lost their lives Magnitude 7.1
- 11. Chile - February 27, 2010 525 people lost their lives Magnitude 8.8
- 12. San Francisco, USA - October 17, 1989 63 people lost their lives Magnitude 6.9
- 13. Tumaco, Colombia - December 12, 1979 525 people lost their lives Magnitude: 8.1
- 14. Thanks