Earthquake slides.pptx
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An earthquake is caused by the sudden movement of faults within the Earth's crust. Seismic waves from the earthquake are measured using seismographs, which produce seismograms showing the strength of the waves. Earthquakes can disrupt infrastructure like electricity and water supplies, potentially causing landslides, tsunamis, and diseases to break out. Developing countries are more greatly impacted due to higher population densities, lack of infrastructure and research, and unprepared populations living in high-risk areas. Developed countries are better equipped to predict, withstand, and respond to earthquakes through research, building standards, emergency services, and education.
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The document discusses various types of natural disasters including floods and earthquakes. It provides details on different types of floods such as riverine floods and coastal floods. It also describes the effects of floods such as physical damage, casualties, and economic impacts. For earthquakes, it discusses the causes of earthquakes including movement along faults, and types of faults such as normal and reverse faults. It further describes shallow focus and deep focus earthquakes.
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2. Major factors that cause earthquakes are the movement of tectonic plates and release of energy from within the Earth. Earthquakes typically occur along plate boundaries and faults in the lithosphere.
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1. The document discusses causes and predictions of earthquakes, summarizing their occurrence throughout history and defining key terms like focus, epicenter, magnitude, and intensity.
2. Major factors that cause earthquakes are the movement of tectonic plates and release of energy from within the Earth. Earthquakes typically occur along plate boundaries and faults in the lithosphere.
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Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of seismic energy at tectonic plate boundaries. The focus is the location inside the Earth where energy is released, while the epicenter is the point above the focus on the surface. Earthquakes commonly occur along plate boundaries as the plates stick together and then suddenly break due to built-up stress. Earthquakes are responsible for more deaths annually than any other natural hazard due to their ability to strike without warning, preventing evacuation. Mitigation strategies include reinforcing buildings and developing disaster plans. Undersea earthquakes can trigger tsunamis by vertically displacing water.
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Natural disasters include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, cyclones, floods, droughts, tornadoes, and tsunamis. Earthquakes result from the sudden movement of tectonic plates, causing shock waves that damage buildings and infrastructure. Volcanic eruptions eject lava and ash, destroying structures and harming health. Cyclones are rotating low-pressure systems that include hurricanes and typhoons, consisting of an eye, eye wall, and rain bands. Floods occur when bodies of water overflow their boundaries, submerging land. Droughts are prolonged periods of unusually dry weather that harm crops and reduce water supply. Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of air that extend from thunderstorms
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The document summarizes information about earthquakes, including:
1) Earthquakes are caused by a sudden release of energy in the earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The effects vary based on magnitude and intensity and can cause widespread destruction.
2) Key terms are defined, such as focus, epicenter, fault lines, and different types of seismic waves.
3) Earthquakes are measured on the Richter scale based on energy released. Different zones in India are classified by seismic activity.
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This document defines and describes various natural disasters including volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, cyclones, monsoons, avalanches, floods, droughts, forest fires, tsunamis, and electrical storms. It explains that natural disasters are caused by natural hazards like floods, earthquakes, or hurricanes. The document then provides details on the causes and effects of each type of disaster, noting that they can damage infrastructure, harm the environment, and negatively impact humans.
EARTHQUAKEs and Volcanoes, intensity and magnitude of an epicenter
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This document provides information about earthquakes and earthquake disaster management. It defines what an earthquake is, discusses the causes of earthquakes including tectonic and volcanic causes. It describes earthquake terms like focus, epicenter, magnitude, intensity. It discusses the different types of faults and seismic waves generated by earthquakes. The document also provides safety tips during and after an earthquake and summarizes some historical earthquakes in India.
Dancing of earth – the earthquakes
The document discusses earthquakes, including their causes, effects, and notable examples. It explains that earthquakes occur when built-up pressure causes rocks underground to break along faults, releasing energy. Effects can include shaking, tsunamis, landslides, fires, and damage to buildings and infrastructure. The largest recorded earthquakes include the 2004 Sumatra quake and 2005 Kashmir quake. Recent major earthquakes in India are also listed. The ongoing 2015 Nepal earthquake that has caused thousands of deaths is described.
3.4.1 Earthquake Hazards
The document discusses tectonic plate processes and earthquakes. It describes how earthquakes occur at plate boundaries due to stresses from plate movements. Earthquakes at divergent boundaries pose little risk while those at convergent boundaries can be very hazardous, as seen in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake that killed over 10,000 people. The document also discusses earthquake measurement scales, the different types of seismic waves, and secondary hazards like tsunamis, landslides and liquefaction that can amplify earthquake damage.
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- 1. Earthquakes
- 2. Formation of earthquakes • An earthquake is the sudden, violent shaking of the Earth, caused by the movement of faults. When two slabs of crust move against each other or one dives beneath the other, movement on the fault between them produces earthquakes. Collapses in mines can also produce.
- 3. Measurement and recording earthquakes Seismic or earthquake waves – shock waves which move out from the focus in all directions. Seismograph – the instrument which measures seismic waves. Seismogram – the graph showing the strength of the seismic waves
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- 5. Impact of earthquakes on developing countries Under spend on research or complete lack of research. Higher population density, more informal settlements – more deaths Lack infrastructure and facilities to care for larger population Lack communication infrastructure. Generally unprepared. People live in high risk disaster zones, because of limited space
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