Earth&plate tectonics butler_er_bmod
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Plate tectonics involves the movement of tectonic plates driven by convection currents in the upper mantle. There are three main types of plate boundaries - divergent where plates move apart, convergent where they move together, and transform where they slide past each other. Evidence for plate tectonics includes the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes along plate boundaries and the fit of continental landmasses over geologic time. Plates move about 1-10 centimeters per year through processes like seafloor spreading and collisions between plates.
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Convection currents
Convection currents in the Earth's interior are thought to cause folding and mountain building by dragging tectonic plates. Convection currents are driven by heat from the Earth's core, radioactive decay in the mantle and crust, and cooling of the mantle. Mapping of rock formations and magnetic reversals at ocean ridges provided evidence that supports plate tectonics and convection currents driving the movement of plates.
Convergent Boundary
A convergent boundary occurs where two tectonic plates collide, with one plate forced under the other. This can cause mountain building as the overriding plate is pushed upward. It can also result in volcanic activity and earthquakes as the plates grind together deep underground. Convergent boundaries have existed since the formation of the Earth and are responsible for geological processes that have shaped our planet over billions of years.
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The document discusses plate tectonics and how it shapes the Earth's surface. It explains that plate tectonics involves several large plates and smaller plates that make up the Earth's outer shell. These plates are constantly and very slowly moving in relation to each other, either pulling apart, crashing together, or sliding past one another. The movement of these plates through processes like rifting, earthquakes, and volcanic activity is what creates and alters the Earth's landforms and features over long periods of time.
12. earthquakes notes
Earthquakes occur when rocks along fault lines slip and release stored energy, causing vibrations. These vibrations travel through the Earth as seismic waves. There are two main types of body waves: P-waves, which are compressional waves that travel fastest, and S-waves, which are slower shear waves that move the ground from side to side. By measuring the difference in arrival times between P and S waves at seismic stations, seismologists can determine the distance and location of the earthquake's epicenter.
Tectonic Plates
The document discusses tectonic plates and their movement. It explains that tectonic plates are large plates that make up the Earth's surface and they are constantly moving against each other. When plates collide, they can form mountain ranges, and when they move apart oceans are formed as the space between fills with water. Examples are given of the formation of the Himalayas from the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates and the creation of the Atlantic Ocean as plates diverged. Tectonic plate movement can cause natural disasters like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis.
Natural Disasters Vocab
The document defines key scientific terms related to geology and meteorology. It explains that plate tectonics describes the motions of Earth's lithosphere, which is broken into tectonic plates. Earthquakes produce shock waves and can trigger landslides and tsunamis. The Moment Magnitude and Richter scales are used to measure the size of earthquakes. Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere, while the equator is an imaginary line around Earth. A phenomenon is an observable event and a shock wave involves a burst of energy from a small spot.
12 plate tectonics notes
The document discusses plate tectonics and describes how convection currents in the asthenosphere cause tectonic plates to move horizontally at the surface. There are three types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart and new seafloor is created, convergent boundaries where plates move together and seafloor is destroyed forming trenches and volcanic islands, and transform boundaries where plates slide past each other forming faults. Examples given are the San Andreas fault and the Ring of Fire around the Pacific plate.
Rock cycle
The document discusses the rock cycle and how it changes within different ecoregions in Texas. It explains that the rock cycle involves the weathering of rock into smaller pieces through erosion by gravity, wind, water, and wave action, and then the deposition and redepositing of eroded rock materials. It instructs the reader to research which Texas ecoregions would be most affected by different erosion factors through a provided website link.
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Convection currents
Convection currents in the Earth's interior are thought to cause folding and mountain building by dragging tectonic plates. Convection currents are driven by heat from the Earth's core, radioactive decay in the mantle and crust, and cooling of the mantle. Mapping of rock formations and magnetic reversals at ocean ridges provided evidence that supports plate tectonics and convection currents driving the movement of plates.
Convergent Boundary
A convergent boundary occurs where two tectonic plates collide, with one plate forced under the other. This can cause mountain building as the overriding plate is pushed upward. It can also result in volcanic activity and earthquakes as the plates grind together deep underground. Convergent boundaries have existed since the formation of the Earth and are responsible for geological processes that have shaped our planet over billions of years.
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The document discusses plate tectonics and how it shapes the Earth's surface. It explains that plate tectonics involves several large plates and smaller plates that make up the Earth's outer shell. These plates are constantly and very slowly moving in relation to each other, either pulling apart, crashing together, or sliding past one another. The movement of these plates through processes like rifting, earthquakes, and volcanic activity is what creates and alters the Earth's landforms and features over long periods of time.
12. earthquakes notes
Earthquakes occur when rocks along fault lines slip and release stored energy, causing vibrations. These vibrations travel through the Earth as seismic waves. There are two main types of body waves: P-waves, which are compressional waves that travel fastest, and S-waves, which are slower shear waves that move the ground from side to side. By measuring the difference in arrival times between P and S waves at seismic stations, seismologists can determine the distance and location of the earthquake's epicenter.
Tectonic Plates
The document discusses tectonic plates and their movement. It explains that tectonic plates are large plates that make up the Earth's surface and they are constantly moving against each other. When plates collide, they can form mountain ranges, and when they move apart oceans are formed as the space between fills with water. Examples are given of the formation of the Himalayas from the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates and the creation of the Atlantic Ocean as plates diverged. Tectonic plate movement can cause natural disasters like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis.
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The document defines key scientific terms related to geology and meteorology. It explains that plate tectonics describes the motions of Earth's lithosphere, which is broken into tectonic plates. Earthquakes produce shock waves and can trigger landslides and tsunamis. The Moment Magnitude and Richter scales are used to measure the size of earthquakes. Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere, while the equator is an imaginary line around Earth. A phenomenon is an observable event and a shock wave involves a burst of energy from a small spot.
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The document discusses plate tectonics and describes how convection currents in the asthenosphere cause tectonic plates to move horizontally at the surface. There are three types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart and new seafloor is created, convergent boundaries where plates move together and seafloor is destroyed forming trenches and volcanic islands, and transform boundaries where plates slide past each other forming faults. Examples given are the San Andreas fault and the Ring of Fire around the Pacific plate.
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The document discusses the rock cycle and how it changes within different ecoregions in Texas. It explains that the rock cycle involves the weathering of rock into smaller pieces through erosion by gravity, wind, water, and wave action, and then the deposition and redepositing of eroded rock materials. It instructs the reader to research which Texas ecoregions would be most affected by different erosion factors through a provided website link.
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The document discusses plate tectonics and earthquakes. It explains that earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates. The point within the earth where faulting begins is called the focus or hypocenter. Above the focus at the surface is the epicenter. Tectonic plates slowly move across Earth's surface and interact at their boundaries, causing earthquakes and volcanic activity. Plate tectonics provides a unified theory for major surface processes, earthquake and volcano distribution, and mountain building.
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Plate tectonics is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motions of tectonic plates on Earth's surface. The lithosphere is broken into these plates which move at rates of up to 100 mm per year. Where the plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary which can result in earthquakes, volcanoes, or mountain building. The theory proposes that Earth's eight major plates and several minor plates fit together like puzzle pieces and their movements over millions of years have resulted in changing ocean and continent configurations.
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The document discusses tectonic plates and plate tectonics. It describes how tectonic plates move via convection currents in the Earth's mantle, driven by cooling of the Earth. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where plates collide, and transform boundaries where plates slide past one another. Earthquakes and volcanoes tend to occur along plate boundaries. Plates move approximately 1-10 centimeters per year. Over millions of years, the movement of tectonic plates has caused continents to drift apart or collide together.
Plate tectonics
1. Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in 1912, suggesting that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea.
2. Evidence that supports continental drift includes the matching coastlines of continents, matching fossil and rock formations found on separated continents, and geological evidence of glaciation in currently tropical areas.
3. The theory of plate tectonics combined the ideas of continental drift and seafloor spreading, proposing that the Earth's crust is broken into plates that move due to convection currents in the mantle. Plate boundaries are the sites of important geological activity.
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The document discusses key concepts related to plate tectonics. It states that plate tectonics is a theory that the Earth's surface consists of large moving plates (E). It also notes that sea floor spreading supports this theory (C) and that deep sea trenches form when plates are pulled toward the Earth's center (D). Finally, it mentions that plate tectonics can explain features like mid-oceanic ridges and deep sea trenches (A).
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Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy stored in rocks that have been deformed by tectonic stresses over long periods of time. When the stresses overcome the friction holding rocks together along faults, the rocks rupture and slip rapidly, causing the shaking and waves that characterize an earthquake. Earthquakes can be measured by both intensity, which gauges damage levels, and magnitude, which relies on seismic data to estimate the energy released at the source. The largest recorded quakes have reached magnitudes of 9.5.
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1) An earthquake is caused by movements within the earth's crust or volcanic activity and is measured using the Richter scale.
2) The Richter scale was developed in 1935 by Charles Richter and measures earthquakes based on ground shaking recorded by seismographs.
3) Seismographs use sensors to accurately record the motion of the ground during an earthquake through a zigzag trace that shows ground shaking.
3.3Plates Move Apart
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3.2
Continental drift theory developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912 proposes that the Earth's continents were once joined together and have been slowly moving apart over geologic time. Evidence for this includes matching fossil and rock formations found on different continents, as well as evidence that climates have changed in certain areas. The theory of plate tectonics expanded on this, stating that the Earth's lithosphere is made up of plates that move over Earth's surface, causing geologic events where they meet.
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The movement of earth's plate is responsible for the formation of continents.How it works ? what are the principle's?
plate_tectonics.pdf
Plate tectonics describes the large rigid plates that make up the Earth's surface and their movement over time. Convection currents in the Earth's mantle provide the driving force that causes plates to move at rates of 1-10 cm per year. Plates interact at boundaries which can be divergent, convergent, or transform. Features associated with plate boundaries include volcanoes, earthquakes, mountains, and ocean trenches.
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The document provides an introduction to plate tectonics and earthquakes. It discusses key concepts such as the structure of the lithosphere and asthenosphere, the three main types of plate boundaries (divergent, convergent, and transform), and examples of each. It also covers earthquake locations in relation to plate boundaries and types of faulting.
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The theory of plate tectonics describes the large-scale motions of the Earth's lithosphere. The lithosphere is made up of large tectonic plates that move over Earth's mantle. These plates interact at their boundaries in three main ways: at divergent boundaries the plates move apart, at transform boundaries the plates slide past each other, and at convergent boundaries the plates push together. The movement of tectonic plates causes geologic events like earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain building. Convection currents in Earth's mantle provide the driving force for plate tectonic motions.
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The document discusses plate tectonics and earthquakes. It explains that earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates. The point within the earth where faulting begins is called the focus or hypocenter. Above the focus at the surface is the epicenter. Tectonic plates slowly move across Earth's surface and interact at their boundaries, causing earthquakes and volcanic activity. Plate tectonics provides a unified theory for major surface processes, earthquake and volcano distribution, and mountain building.
Plate tectonic
Plate tectonics is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motions of tectonic plates on Earth's surface. The lithosphere is broken into these plates which move at rates of up to 100 mm per year. Where the plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary which can result in earthquakes, volcanoes, or mountain building. The theory proposes that Earth's eight major plates and several minor plates fit together like puzzle pieces and their movements over millions of years have resulted in changing ocean and continent configurations.
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The document discusses tectonic plates and plate tectonics. It describes how tectonic plates move via convection currents in the Earth's mantle, driven by cooling of the Earth. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where plates collide, and transform boundaries where plates slide past one another. Earthquakes and volcanoes tend to occur along plate boundaries. Plates move approximately 1-10 centimeters per year. Over millions of years, the movement of tectonic plates has caused continents to drift apart or collide together.
Plate tectonics
1. Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in 1912, suggesting that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea.
2. Evidence that supports continental drift includes the matching coastlines of continents, matching fossil and rock formations found on separated continents, and geological evidence of glaciation in currently tropical areas.
3. The theory of plate tectonics combined the ideas of continental drift and seafloor spreading, proposing that the Earth's crust is broken into plates that move due to convection currents in the mantle. Plate boundaries are the sites of important geological activity.
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The document discusses key concepts related to plate tectonics. It states that plate tectonics is a theory that the Earth's surface consists of large moving plates (E). It also notes that sea floor spreading supports this theory (C) and that deep sea trenches form when plates are pulled toward the Earth's center (D). Finally, it mentions that plate tectonics can explain features like mid-oceanic ridges and deep sea trenches (A).
Earthquakes Extra Credit
Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy stored in rocks that have been deformed by tectonic stresses over long periods of time. When the stresses overcome the friction holding rocks together along faults, the rocks rupture and slip rapidly, causing the shaking and waves that characterize an earthquake. Earthquakes can be measured by both intensity, which gauges damage levels, and magnitude, which relies on seismic data to estimate the energy released at the source. The largest recorded quakes have reached magnitudes of 9.5.
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Different tectonic plates, Tectonic Plates movement.
Advantages and Disadvantages of volcano.
Calculating the magnitude of an Earthquake
1) An earthquake is caused by movements within the earth's crust or volcanic activity and is measured using the Richter scale.
2) The Richter scale was developed in 1935 by Charles Richter and measures earthquakes based on ground shaking recorded by seismographs.
3) Seismographs use sensors to accurately record the motion of the ground during an earthquake through a zigzag trace that shows ground shaking.
3.3Plates Move Apart
Divergent boundaries occur where tectonic plates move apart from each other, forming mid-ocean ridges under the ocean and rift valleys on land. The ocean floor spreads from the mid-ocean ridges, with the newest rock closest to the ridges and oldest farthest away in a process called sea-floor spreading. Hot spots deep within the Earth's mantle can cause volcanic activity and are used to measure plate movement over time.
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The document summarizes key aspects of Earth's structure and systems:
1) It describes Earth's position in the solar system and its internal anatomy.
2) It discusses Earth's orbital changes, axial tilt variations, and their effects on climate and the distribution of daylight.
3) It outlines global wind circulation patterns, ocean currents, and how they redistribute heat and influence weather and climate.
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Most earthquakes occur along tectonic plate boundaries and are caused by the buildup and sudden release of stress in rock. Rock can deform plastically or elastically under stress, and will break if stretched too far, releasing seismic energy. The type and strength of earthquake depends on the type of plate boundary, with transform boundaries producing moderate quakes, convergent boundaries producing strong deep quakes, and divergent boundaries producing weak shallow quakes.
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The document discusses the formation and evolution of Earth and its relationship with the Moon. It provides details on:
1) How Earth formed over 4.6 billion years ago from molten material that differentiated, with radioactive dating showing the oldest rocks are 3.9 billion years old.
2) The structure of Earth including its iron-nickel core and differentiation over time.
3) The influence the Moon has on Earth through tidal forces, which are slowing Earth's rotation over time and allowing the Moon to recede further.
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This animation explains the Theory of Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics through five key points of evidence: the matching shapes of continents, fossil evidence, rock evidence, mountain formation evidence, and glacial scarring evidence. It describes how the Earth's lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates that float on the upper mantle and move due to convection currents in the mantle driven by heat and gravity, causing the continents to drift apart and collide over time. This movement of plates also explains various natural phenomena such as earthquakes, mountain building, and volcanic activity.
Earth movements
The document discusses several topics related to earth movements and processes:
1) It describes the earth's rotation and revolution, as well as the process of precession where the earth's axis wobbles over a period of around 26,000 years.
2) It discusses endogenetic forces from within the earth that cause horizontal and vertical earth movements and create geological features. These include sudden forces and diastrophic forces like epeirogenic and orogenic movements.
3) It provides details on types of rock folds that form due to compressional forces, including anticlines, synclines, and overturned, isoclinal, and recumbent folds.
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Ms. Wilson's 6th grade science class is learning about the layers of the Earth, including the crust, mantle, and core. They are also learning about related concepts like density, seismic waves, and convection. The document defines key terms and provides a brief overview of each layer of the Earth and some important Earth science concepts.
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3.2
Continental drift theory developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912 proposes that the Earth's continents were once joined together and have been slowly moving apart over geologic time. Evidence for this includes matching fossil and rock formations found on different continents, as well as evidence that climates have changed in certain areas. The theory of plate tectonics expanded on this, stating that the Earth's lithosphere is made up of plates that move over Earth's surface, causing geologic events where they meet.
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The movement of earth's plate is responsible for the formation of continents.How it works ? what are the principle's?
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INTRODUCTORY Lesson ON EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT ARCHITECTURE
INTRODUCTORY Lesson ON EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT ARCHITECTURE
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Plate tectonics describes the large rigid plates that make up the Earth's surface and their movement over time. Convection currents in the Earth's mantle provide the driving force that causes plates to move at rates of 1-10 cm per year. Plates interact at boundaries which can be divergent, convergent, or transform. Features associated with plate boundaries include volcanoes, earthquakes, mountains, and ocean trenches.
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The document discusses the theory of plate tectonics and how it explains the formation and movement of continents over time. Around 250 million years ago, all the continents were joined together in a supercontinent called Pangea. Over millions of years, Pangea broke apart and the continents drifted to their current locations, carried by tectonic plates in the Earth's mantle. New crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges as plates move apart, while older crust is recycled at deep ocean trenches as plates converge. The movement of tectonic plates causes earthquakes, particularly at plate boundaries where plates collide, slide past each other, or move apart.
Plate Tectonics
This document provides information about plate tectonics and is designed to meet South Carolina science standards. It discusses the layers of the Earth, tectonic plates and their movement, and the three types of plate boundaries - convergent where plates collide, divergent where they separate, and transform where they slide past each other. Specific examples are given for each boundary type, including discussions of sea floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones creating volcanoes and trenches, and the San Andreas Fault as a transform boundary.
Lithosphere 2: Tectonics
This document discusses plate tectonics and the movement of tectonic plates. It provides evidence that supports plate tectonics including: the fit of continental landmasses, matching rock and fossil distributions, and magnetic reversals recorded in ocean crust. It describes the three main plate boundaries and associated landforms: divergent boundaries form mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys, convergent boundaries result in subduction zones and volcanic mountain ranges, and transform boundaries create strike-slip faults. Earthquakes and tsunamis are hazardous events caused by the movement and interactions of tectonic plates. Volcanoes form at plate boundaries and hotspots as magma rises up due to pressure in the crust and mantle.
Grade 10_science1stquartermodule1.pptx
Plate tectonics is the theory that the Earth's outermost shell is divided into plates that constantly move and interact with one another. Earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges occur primarily at plate boundaries. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where plates move together, and transform boundaries where plates slide past one another. Each boundary type results in different geological effects depending on whether oceanic or continental crust is involved in the plate interaction.
platetectonics theory.ppt
The theory of plate tectonics states that Earth's lithosphere is broken into plates that slowly move atop the asthenosphere. There are three types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where plates collide, and transform boundaries where plates slide past one another. Plate tectonics explains volcanoes, earthquakes, mountain building, and other geologic phenomena observed on Earth's surface and interior.
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Earth&plate tectonics butler_er_bmod
- 1. Convection is like a boiling pot. Heated soup rises to the surface, spreads and begins to cool, and then sinks back to the bottom of the pot where it is reheated and rises again. Plate tectonics • Plates are driven by cooling of Earth (convection) • Gravity provides additional force to move plates. Modified from USGS Graphics ? ? ?
- 2. What are the tectonic plates? AKA: Lithospheric plate • The ~100-km-thick surface of the Earth; • Contains crust and part of the upper mantle; • It is rigid and brittle; • Fractures to produce earthquakes.
- 3. What is the asthenosphere? Asthenosphere: • Is the hotter upper mantle below the lithospheric plate; • Can flow like silly putty; and • Is a viscoelastic solid, NOT liquid!! USGSGraphics
- 4. Three Basic Types of Plate Boundaries Divergent Convergent Transform USGS Graphics Using hands to show relative motion
- 5. Three Basic Types of Plate Boundaries Divergent Convergent Transform USGS Graphics
- 6. There are a dozen large lithospheric plates (smaller plates not shown). Some plates have continents; some don’t. All are in motion. Question: What evidence is there for these plate boundaries? Tectonic Plates
- 7. There are thousands of small earthquakes every day “Strong” earthquakes (~M7) occur once a month. >M8 occur about once/year. Earthquakes Where are the deepest earthquakes? For earthquakes of the past 2 weeks, go to http://www.iris.edu/seismon/
- 8. Notice that the earthquakes coincide with plate boundaries, and the deepest quakes (blue) are in subduction zones. Question: Where would you expect to see volcanoes? Modified from USGS Graphics Earthquakes & Plate Boundaries Create your own maps at http://www.iris.edu/quakes/maps.htm
- 9. Modified from USGS Graphics This map shows that locations of volcanoes (ones above sea level) also tend to occur along the plate boundaries Volcanoes & Plate Boundaries
- 10. How fast are the plates moving? Plates move 1-10 centimeters per year (≈ rate of fingernail growth). Tectonic Plates Modified from USGS Graphics Fingernail growth plotted: http://jclahr.com/science/earth_science/thumbnail/index.html
- 11. How fast are the plates moving? Plates move 1-10 centimeters per year (≈ rate of fingernail growth). Continental Drift Source: http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/outreach/animations/index.html
- 13. Collision of ‘Drifting’ India with Eurasia Source: http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/outreach/animations/index.html Side view of subduction, ‘drifting’ India, volcanoes, & mountain-building
- 14. Note on Source: First 8 slides are modified from a slide show prepared by Dr. Robert Butler, University of Portland, and Jenda Johnson, …the full source of which can be found at: http://www.iris.edu/hq/programs/education_and_outreach/videos#B