Environmental science

1. ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE
FIRST SEMESTER

2. THE ENVIRONMENT IS…
EVERYTHING AROUND US

3. Matter and
Energy
EC 102
Environmental Science

4. MATTER
• Anything that take up
space and has weight.
• Exist in different physical
forms, called STATES.

5. States of Matter
Gas
Gas: Particles are far apart
and are in constant motion.
- Gases have no set shape,
they assume shape of the
container.
-Gases have no set volume,
it is variable.

6. Liquid and Solid
Liquid: Particlees are close tgether but are
free to flow around one another.
- Liquids assume shape of the container
- Volume is constant (can’t compress)
Solid: Particles are packed tightly
together and organized in a rigid pattern;
- Solids have definite, fixed shape.
- Volume is constant

7. Plasma
Plasma, the fourth state of
matter (beyond the
conventional solids, liquids
and gases), is an ionized
gas consisting of
approximately equal
numbers of positively and
negatively charged particles.

8. What is a change of state?
The state of matter of a
substance is determine by the
amount of thermal energy it
has.
Matter can change from one
state to another when thermal
energy is absorbed or released.

9. Energy

20. Earth
System
EC 102 - Environmental
Science
Fisrt Semester

21. Why should we discuss the Eart
System?
• Before we delve into the connection
between geology, health, and
forensics, we must gain an
appreciation of the connections ad
interactions between Earth’s main
components and process of
intearction with each other.
• By doing this, we can maintain a
broad perspective of ou
relationship to Earth.

22. The Earth •About 4.5 billion years
old
•Geologically dynamic
internally and externally
•Only planetpresently
known to support life
•As far s life is concerned:
“Goldilocks of the solar
system” (relative to the
sun, not too far, not too
close. Just right!)

23. The Earth As a System
•A System is a collection
of interdependent parts
enclosed within a
defined boundary.
•The earth is made up of
different systems or
subsystems called
spheres.

24. The Earth As a System
• Earth is a closed system. – A closed
system is one in which no new matter
can enter and no matter can leave.
• The only exception to this is when
meteorites hit the surface of the planet.
The amounts of carbon, water, oxygen,
hydrogen, and nitrogen on Earth are the
same now as they were when dinosaurs
were alive..

25. The Earths Subsystem
•Lithosphere (land) –
contains all of the cold,
hard solid land of the
planet's crust (surface),
the semi-solid land
underneath the crust,
and near the center of
the planet.

26. The Earth Subsytem
Hydrosphere (water) –
contains all the solid,
liquid, and gaseous
water of the planet,
both on, above and
below.

27. The Earth Subsytem
Biosphere (living
things) – all of the
microorganisms,
plants, and animals
of Earth.

28. The Earth Subsytem
Atmosphere (air)
upper portion-protects the
organisms from UV
radiation
lower portion-when there
is change in teemperature
the weather occur.

29. All Systems are Interdependent
The spheres are closely connected, interfacing, overlapping
and interconnected.
Example:
– many birds (biosphere) fly through the air (atmosphere)
– water (hydrosphere) often flows through the soil (lithosphere).
– Rocks (lithosphere) eroded by rain, wind
(hydrosphere/atmosphere).
-The rocks are broken down to minerals which are then used by
plants and animals (biosphere).

30. Just how integrated is the Earth
System
•James Lovelock (1979)
introduced a
somewhat extreme
concept called the
Gaia Hypothesis.
•Proposed that Earth
functions as a single
super organisms that
maintains conditions
necessary or its
survival.

31. THANK YOU!

32. Ecology