This document discusses key facts about the Earth and moon. It explains that the Earth and moon are part of our solar system, which also contains eight other planets that orbit our sun. It describes how the Earth's rotation causes day and night and its revolution around the sun causes the changing of seasons. The moon orbits the Earth monthly, appearing in different phases as it is illuminated by sunlight reflecting off its surface from different angles throughout its cycle.
This is a PowerPoint that is about Exploring Earth Science. This is geared towards 3rd grade students. This is very picture heavy so it will easily keep the attention of young children. It is also full of helpful information
This is a PowerPoint that is about Exploring Earth Science. This is geared towards 3rd grade students. This is very picture heavy so it will easily keep the attention of young children. It is also full of helpful information
The solar system is made up of the Sun, the planets that orbit the Sun, their satellites, dwarf planets and many, many small objects, like asteroids and comets. All of these objects move and we can see these movements. We notice the Sun rises in the eastern sky in the morning and sets in the western sky in the evening. We observe different stars in the sky at different times of the year.
A digital story about the universe, solar system, the sun, characteristics of the sun, the earth, characteristics of the earth and inner and outer planets of the solar system.
Moon is said to be the only natural satellite of the Earth. While there are many such satellites in the solar system it has the uniqueness of being the same size as the object around which it orbits.
The solar system is made up of the Sun, the planets that orbit the Sun, their satellites, dwarf planets and many, many small objects, like asteroids and comets. All of these objects move and we can see these movements. We notice the Sun rises in the eastern sky in the morning and sets in the western sky in the evening. We observe different stars in the sky at different times of the year.
A digital story about the universe, solar system, the sun, characteristics of the sun, the earth, characteristics of the earth and inner and outer planets of the solar system.
Moon is said to be the only natural satellite of the Earth. While there are many such satellites in the solar system it has the uniqueness of being the same size as the object around which it orbits.
The Moon is a planetary-mass object with a differentiated rocky body, making it a satellite planet under the geophysical definitions of the term and larger than all known dwarf planets of the Solar System. It lacks any significant atmosphere, hydrosphere, or magnetic field1. It is Earth’s sole natural satellite and nearest large celestial body. Known since prehistoric times, it is the brightest object in the sky after the Sun
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
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Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
2. Travel along and we will find out where
we live in space and what we can see
in space.
3. Do you know
what a solar
system is?
Do you know
what is in our
solar system?
4. Our solar system is made up of an
enormous sun and everything that
travels around it.
5. We live on one
of the nine
planets in our
system. Other
small bodies
called asteroids
and comets can
be found in our
system also.
6. If we were to put the planets in order ,
from the one closest to the sun, they
would be Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars,
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and
Pluto.
7. What do you know about how our
planet, Earth, moves in space?
8. Earth is the third planet. We call Earth
our ‘home planet.’
It is the shape of a sphere.
9. It has oceans full of water,
green forests, animals,
plants, and breathable air. It
is a unique planet. From
space, the Earth looks like a
beautiful blue-green marble,
with white swirling clouds.
10. • Sunlight comes from the sun to the
Earth. The sunlight that warms our
faces right now left the sun over eight
minutes ago. The sun warms the Earth.
12. The Earth whizzes along spinning in
space at 67,000 miles an hour. We
can’t feel it spinning. Yet is makes one
complete turn every 24 hours.
13. This spinning
around like a
top is called
rotation. As it
spins only one
side faces the
sun. Day
begins when
our part of the
world turns to
face the sun.
14. Night falls when our part of the Earth
turns away from the sun. The side
facing away from the sun has
nighttime.
15. This rotation or spinning of Earth
causes day and night. The Earth
rotates on its axis. The axis is an
imaginary line through its center. It
rotates once every 24 hours causing
day and night.
www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronom
16. Every day the
Earth travels
around the
sun. The
Earth and the
moon travel
together in an
orbit around
the sun once a
year.
17. One revolution around the sun equals
365 days. This revolution causes the
changing of the seasons.
• http://
kids.msfc.nasa.gov/earth/seasons/EarthSeas
18. When the Earth moves closer to the
sun, summer returns. When the Earth
moves farther away from the sun in its
orbit, winter returns.
• www.blueneptune.com/~xmwang/myGUI/
EarthSun.html
19. • What is the
Earth’s natural
satellite?
• What does it look
like?
20. The moon is the Earth’s only natural
satellite.
• The moon is a
ball of rock that
is dry and dusty.
It has craters,
valleys,
mountains, and
large patches
called seas.
21. In 1969, the first man stepped onto
the moon. There is no wind or rain
on the moon to wash the footprints
away.
http:/
22. • Where does the light shining from
the moon come from?
• Why does it seem to change shapes
in space?
23. The moon circles around the Earth
about once every 28 days. The moon
does not spin like the Earth. The moon
only spins once a month on its axis.
The moon looks bright at night, but it
does not make its own light.
• http://home.hiwaay.net/~krcool/Astro/
moon/moonphase/
24. We see the moon because the sun
shines on it. The sunlight bounces off
the moon and down toward the Earth.
We see reflected sunlight.
25. • As the moon travels around the
Earth, we can see different amounts
of the side lit by the sun. The
moon’s appearance changes each
day through the month depending
on where the moon is in its orbit.
27. http://www.geocities.com/eedd88/moon/moo
n.html
• These changes of how the moon
looks from the Earth are called the
moon’s phases. Sometimes the
moon looks completely dark and
seems to disappear. This is called a
new moon. Sometimes the moon
looks round. This is called a full
moon.
29. • It appears to grow
larger until it is a
round, full moon. Then
the full moon appears
to grow smaller. This
is called the waning
moon. When the
moon goes from a new
moon to a full moon, it
has complete one orbit
of cycle.
30. • A complete orbit
of the moon
around the Earth
produces the
moon’s phases
that we see.
This complete
cycle of the
moon’s phases
takes 29.5 days.
31. • Because of the
moon’s orbit or
cycle of 29.5 days,
moonrise can
appear later each
day. That is why
we see sometimes
see the moon in the
sky at night and
other times we see
it during the day.
32. Learning about the Earth and the
moon has made all of you Space
Kids. See if you can now answer
the following questions.
33. Do you know
what a solar
system is?
Do you know
what is in our
solar system?