The document provides context about life in Early Modern Europe from the late 15th century to the late 18th century. Some key events during this period include the invention of the printing press, the fall of Constantinople, Columbus arriving in the new world, and the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. Religious differences between Catholics and Protestants led to much conflict and violence as people took sides. The Tudor family tree is discussed, including Henry VIII establishing the Church of England after divorcing Catherine of Aragon. His daughter Elizabeth I's 45-year reign over England is described as a "Golden Age", though Catholics still sought to dethrone her due to her tolerance of both religions.